Gridlock and Beltways: the Genetic Context of Urban Invasions
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Cities Serve As Testbeds for Evolutionary Change NEWS FEATURE Urban Living Can Pressure Flora and Fauna to Adapt in Intriguing Ways
NEWS FEATURE Cities serve as testbeds for evolutionary change NEWS FEATURE Urban living can pressure flora and fauna to adapt in intriguing ways. Biologists are starting to take advantage of this convenient laboratory of evolution. Carolyn Beans, Science Writer Every student of evolution knows the story of the peppered moth. The species comes in two colors: one a peppered white, the other black. During Britain’s industrial revolution, hungry birds spotted the lighter morph in soot-coated forests surrounding cities. Meanwhile, the rarer and better camouflaged darker morph avoided becoming lunch and carried the darker gene variant to a higher frequency in the pop- ulation. When pollution cleared, the lighter morph again became more common. Although the method- ology of the original peppered moth research came into question in the late 1990s (1), subsequent re- search confirmed its findings (2). Yet despite this classic case of natural selection under urban conditions, so iconic that the peppered moth adorns the logo of the Society for the Study of Evolution, biologists have mainly chosen to study evolution in places with less human disturbance. “Most people didn’t think that cities were really inter- esting biologically, that they were kind of anti-life,” Researchers are studying white clover in cities across the globe to learn more says evolutionary ecologist Marc Johnson, who directs about how urbanization shapes evolutionary change. Image credit: Marc the Centre for Urban Environments at the University of Johnson (University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada). Toronto Mississauga. That mindset is changing as Johnson and others to navigate Puerto Rican cities, an ant gained heat use cities as powerful testbeds for evolutionary mech- tolerance in the urban heat island of Cleveland, and anisms. -
Azerbaijani Millionaire Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev's Attitude Towards Cultural Heritage
YOUTH IN CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE – YOCOCU 2016, MADRID- BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 1 YOUTH IN CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE – YOCOCU 2016, MADRID- BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 2 Coordinated by: Instituto de Geociencias IGEO (CSIC, UCM) Co-organized by: Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage - YOCOCU España Museo Centro de Arte Reina Sofía MNCARS Fundación Reina Sofía Edited by: Mónica Álvarez de Buergo Beatriz Cámara Gallego Duygu Ergenc Sofía Melero Tur Elena Mercedes Pérez-Monserrat First edition Madrid © editorial work, the editors © texts, their authors © images, their authors © YOCOCU 2016 logo, Laura López © front cover image, Sofía Melero Tur ISBN: 978-84-617-4237-0 YOUTH IN CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE – YOCOCU 2016, MADRID- BOOK OF ABSTRACTS SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Elia María ALONSO GUZMÁN Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico Francisco Javier ALONSO University of Oviedo, Spain Nevin ALY Suez University, Egypt Joaquín BARRIO Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain Majda BEGIC Croatian Conservation Institute, YOCOCU Croatia David BENAVENTE Universidad de Alicante, Spain Manuel BETHENCOURT Universidad de Cádiz, Spain María Teresa BLANCO Instituto Eduardo Torroja de la Construcción y del Cemento, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Ernesto BORRELLI Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro, Italy Maria BRAI University of Palermo, Italy Maarten A.T.M. BROEKMANS Geological Survey of Norway - NGU Simone CAGNO Belgian Nuclear Research Center, YOCOCU Belgium Ana CALVO Spanish Group International Institute for Conservation -
Artificial Light at Night As a Driver of Evolution Across Urban–Rural Landscapes
CONCEPTS AND QUESTIONS 1 Artificial light at night as a driver of evolution across urban–rural landscapes Gareth R Hopkins1*, Kevin J Gaston2, Marcel E Visser3, Mark A Elgar1, and Therésa M Jones1 Light is fundamental to biological systems, affecting the daily rhythms of bacteria, plants, and animals. Artificial light at night (ALAN), a ubiquitous feature of urbanization, interferes with these rhythms and has the potential to exert strong selection pres- sures on organisms living in urban environments. ALAN also fragments landscapes, altering the movement of animals into and out of artificially lit habitats. Although research has documented phenotypic and genetic differentiation between urban and rural organisms, ALAN has rarely been considered as a driver of evolution. We argue that the fundamental importance of light to bio- logical systems, and the capacity for ALAN to influence multiple processes contributing to evolution, makes this an important driver of evolutionary change, one with the potential to explain broad patterns of population differentiation across urban–rural landscapes. Integrating ALAN’s evolutionary potential into urban ecology is a targeted and powerful approach to understanding the capacity for life to adapt to an increasingly urbanized world. Front Ecol Environ 2018; 16(8): 1–8, doi:10.1002/fee.1828 ight is fundamental to life on Earth. One constancy in the documented in all higher taxonomic groups (Tan et al. 2010) is L evolution of life has been the roughly 24- hour oscillation a key regulator of these biological rhythms, and melatonin is a between a bright day, with a light intensity of around 1000– powerful antioxidant with important fitness effects (Tan et al. -
Spatial Variation in the Parasite Communities and Genomic Structure of Urban Rats in New York City
Received: 26 March 2017 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12418 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Spatial variation in the parasite communities and genomic structure of urban rats in New York City L. P. Angley1 | M. Combs2 | C. Firth3,4 | M. J. Frye5 | I. Lipkin3 | J. L. Richardson1 | J. Munshi-South2 1Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA Summary 2Louis Calder Center and Department of Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are a globally distributed pest. Urban habitats can sup- Biological Sciences, Fordham University, port large infestations of rats, posing a potential risk to public health from the para- Armonk, NY, USA sites and pathogens they carry. Despite the potential influence of rodent- borne 3Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA zoonotic diseases on human health, it is unclear how urban habitats affect the struc- 4School of BioSciences, The University of ture and transmission dynamics of ectoparasite and microbial communities (all Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia referred to as “parasites” hereafter) among rat colonies. In this study, we use ecologi- 5New York State Integrated Pest Management Program, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA cal data on parasites and genomic sequencing of their rat hosts to examine associa- tions between spatial proximity, genetic relatedness and the parasite communities Correspondence Jonathan L. Richardson, Department of associated with 133 rats at five sites in sections of New York City with persistent rat Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, infestations. We build on previous work showing that rats in New York carry a wide USA. Email: [email protected] variety of parasites and report that these communities differ significantly among sites, even across small geographical distances. -
Urban Evolution: the Role of Water
Water 2015, 7, 4063-4087; doi:10.3390/w7084063 OPEN ACCESS water ISSN 2073-4441 www.mdpi.com/journal/water Review Urban Evolution: The Role of Water Sujay S. Kaushal 1,*, William H. McDowell 2, Wilfred M. Wollheim 2, Tamara A. Newcomer Johnson 1, Paul M. Mayer 3, Kenneth T. Belt 4 and Michael J. Pennino 5 1 Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 21201, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (W.H.M.); [email protected] (W.M.W.) 3 US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-301-405-7048. Academic Editor: Fabio Masi Received: 21 April 2015 / Accepted: 17 July 2015 / Published: 27 July 2015 Abstract: The structure, function, and services of urban ecosystems evolve over time scales from seconds to centuries as Earth’s population grows, infrastructure ages, and sociopolitical values alter them. In order to systematically study changes over time, the concept of “urban evolution” was proposed. It allows urban planning, management, and restoration to move beyond reactive management to predictive management based on past observations of consistent patterns. -
Queens Today
Volume 65, No. 218 WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2020 50¢ QUEENS Holmes comes TODAY February 26, 2020 home Chief of school safety ASTORIA’S 35TH AVENUE PLAYGROUND has reopened just in time for spring, two years returns to NYPD after and $3 million after construction began. Im- provements include better lighting and a more stint in private sector welcoming entrance, in addition to new play- By David Brand ground equipment. The renovation was part Queens Daily Eagle of Mayor Bill de Blasio’s Community Parks After more than three decades in uniform, Initiative, which works to revitalize parks in Assistant Chief Juanita Holmes made the deci- neighborhoods with above-average poverty sion to leave the NYPD and take a lucrative job rates. as head of security for a global financial ser- vices company last year. The job paid well and CONVICTED RAPIST HARVEY WEINSTEIN allowed her to travel, but her heart wasn’t in it. was admitted to Bellevue Hospital with chest Holmes, one of the highest ranking black pains while en route to Rikers on Monday. He women in the department, wanted to return was charged with one count of third-degree to the NYPD, and new Police Commissioner rape and one count of criminal sexual act in the Dermot Shea agreed. Earlier this year, he ap- first degree and faces up to 29 years. pointed Holmes as chief of the School Safety Division, a new role after her tenure as head of Queens North borough commander. THE LONG ISLAND RAILROAD WILL “I decided to come back because it’s more present their discounted ticket plan to the fulfilling than the private sector,” Holmes said. -
Rodent-Borne Bartonella Infection Varies According to Host Species Within and Among Cities
EcoHealth 14, 771–782, 2017 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1291-4 Ó 2017 EcoHealth Alliance Original Contribution Rodent-Borne Bartonella Infection Varies According to Host Species Within and Among Cities Anna C. Peterson,1 Bruno M. Ghersi,1 Fernando Alda,2 Cadhla Firth,3 Matthew J. Frye,4 Ying Bai,5 Lynn M. Osikowicz,5 Claudia Riegel,6 W. Ian Lipkin,7 Michael Y. Kosoy,5 and Michael J. Blum1,8 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 2Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 3School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia 4New York State IPM Program, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 5Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 6City of New Orleans Mosquito, Termite and Rodent Control Board, New Orleans, LA 7Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 8Bywater Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA Abstract: It is becoming increasingly likely that rodents will drive future disease epidemics with the continued expansion of cities worldwide. Though transmission risk is a growing concern, relatively little is known about pathogens carried by urban rats. Here, we assess whether the diversity and prevalence of Bartonella bacteria differ according to the (co)occurrence of rat hosts across New Orleans, LA (NO), where both Norway (Rattus norvegicus) and roof rats (Rattus rattus) are found, relative to New York City (NYC) which only harbors Norway rats. We detected human pathogenic Bartonella species in both NYC and New Orleans rodents. We found that Norway rats in New Orleans harbored a more diverse assemblage of Bartonella than Norway rats in NYC and that Norway rats harbored a more diverse and distinct assemblage of Bartonella compared to roof rats in New Orleans. -
Trends in Urban Rat Ecology: a Framework to Define the Prevailing
Journal of Urban Ecology, 2017, 1–8 doi: 10.1093/jue/jux005 Commentary COMMENTARY Trends in urban rat ecology: a framework to define the Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jue/article/3/1/jux005/3870491 by guest on 02 December 2020 prevailing knowledge gaps and incentives for academia, pest management professionals (PMPs) and public health agencies to participate Michael H. Parsons,1,2,* Peter B. Banks,3 Michael A. Deutsch,4 Robert F. Corrigan,5 and Jason Munshi-South6 1Department of Biology, Hofstra University, 1000 Fulton Avenue, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, NY 10458, USA, 3School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia, 4Arrow Exterminating Company, Inc., 289 Broadway, Lynbrook, NY 11563, USA, 5RMC Pest Management Consulting, Richmond, IN 47374, USA and 6Department of Biological Sciences, The Louis Calder Center—Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted: 23 January 2017; Received (in revised form): 21 March 2017; Accepted: 17 May 2017 Abstract City rats are among the most important but least-studied wildlife in urban environments. Their presence, compounded by the rate of human urbanization and effects of climate change, frequently bring potentially infectious organisms into contact with people and other wildlife. Urban rat control, however, is ineffective, largely because so little is known about their ecology. It is therefore, essential that we exploit new research avenues if we are to better understand and manage these risks. The hallmark of robust science includes replication at the level of the individual and urban landscape, allowing researchers to study behaviors and populations over time. -
Sts Winter 2012 Edited Pages FINAL FINAL
A PUBLICATION OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK WINTER 2013 Professors at Work Making the City – and the World – Better for All Page 26 Dr. Jennifer Mangels Belén Carolina Guerra- Dr. Gerard McNeil Kirk Haltaufderhyde Dr. Barbara Zajc Deborah Ayeni Professor, Psychology, Carillo Associate Professor York College Associate Professor, City College Baruch College Baruch College Biology, York College National Science Organic Chemistry, National Science National Science National Science Foundation National Institutes of Foundation City College Foundation Foundation Award Graduate Research Fellow Health MBRS/SCORE Graduate Research National Science Foundation Graduate Research 2009-2012 2012 2010-2014 Fellow 2012 Research Award 2011-2013 Fellow 2012 record 16 outstanding CUNY students in 2012 won “A National Science Foundation awards of $126,000 each for graduate study in the sciences. No other university system in the Northeast won more. Coached by our world-class faculty, CUNY students are winning the nation’s most prestigious awards and continue their research at MIT, Yale and other top graduate schools. Study with the best during the ‘Decade of Science’ at CUNY.” — Chancellor Matthew Goldstein, The City University of New York www.cuny.edu/awardwinners A PUBLICATION OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK CONTENTS WINTER 2013 THE FIRST WORD LESSONS IN LEADERSHIP The Chancellor’s Column Martin and Michele Cohen City College 2 36. CULTURES HISTORY LESSON Mexican Institute Cate Ludlam and The Prospect Cemetery 3 38York College SCHOOL TIES FIELD STUDY Carole M. Berotte Joseph Stories Page 20 What Hunter-Gatherers 4From Around 40Really Know About Weight The Colleges Control NEW ON CAMPUS Hunter College TOP OF THE CLASS Carole M. -
Urban Rats in Wellington: Estimating Home Ranges, Population Densities and Detection Probabilities
Urban Rats in Wellington: Estimating Home Ranges, Population Densities and Detection Probabilities BY Henry Robert Mackenzie A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology and Biodiversity 1 of 107 Supervisor: Dr Stephen Hartley, Director of the Centre of Biodiversity & Restoration Ecology at the School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington. 2 of 107 Acknowledgments This research was generously supported by Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, The Centre for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration (CBRE), Predator Free New Zealand and Predator Free Wellington. First and foremost a huge thank you to my supervisor Dr Stephen Hartley whose cool head always prevailed. Your guidance and support in this undertaking is and was hugely appreciated. I would also like to thank Craig Pritchard, whom without I do not see how this work would have been possible. You put far too much of your own time into this work and I cannot thank you enough. To Patricia Stein, a big thank you for your support and consideration. On a personal note. To my Dad, thank you pushing me to go after this master’s and to get that ‘monkey off my back’. To my Mum, thank you for your constant support, the encouraging messages and wise inspirational quotes, my favorite and the most helpful ‘It doesn’t matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop’. To my Aunt, thank you for your support and for taking the time to read through this work, your comments were incredibly helpful. -
Population Density
Population Density Fast Track GRASP Math Packet Version 1.2 Released 11/9/2018 This Fast Track GRASP Math Packet was made possible through support from the New York State Education Department, Office of Adult Career and Continuing Education Services. The Fast Track GRASP Math packets use a Creative Commons license of Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which means that they can be shared, copied and redistributed in any form, as long as the document retains attribution to CUNY for their creation. ©2018 The City University of New York Adult Literacy/HSE/ESL Program (http://literacy.cuny.edu). This work is licensed 1 under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). V.1.2, 11/9/2018 Table of Contents Welcome! 4 Vocabulary 5 Introduction 7 What is Area? 8 Introduction to Area - Answer Key 16 What is Density? 17 Beans and Density 17 Density of Foxes in a State Park 20 Introduction to Density - Answer Key 22 Finding Density from Area and Population 23 Finding Density from Area and Population - Answer Key 27 Reviewing What We Have Learned about Population Density 28 What Does the Word “Per” Mean? 31 What Does the Word “Per” Mean? - Answer Key 35 Chickens and Eggs 36 Two Chicken Coops 37 Chickens and Eggs - Answer Key 40 Looking at the Population of the United States 41 Population of U.S. Regions (Chart) 42 Area and Population of U.S. States and Territories (Table) 46 Questions about the Area and Population of U.S. States & Territories 47 A Practice Question 48 Looking at the Population of the United States - Answer Key 49 Population, Area and Density Practice 51 ©2018 The City University of New York Adult Literacy/HSE/ESL Program (http://literacy.cuny.edu). -
Speciation and the City
Opinion Speciation and the City 1,2, ,@ 1,3 1,2 Ken A. Thompson, * Loren H. Rieseberg, and Dolph Schluter Many outstanding questions about speciation are difficult to test empirically Highlights because of a lack of suitable study systems. Here, we highlight studies of evolu- Urban environments likely promote speciation through several tionary ecology in urban environments to argue that cities provide ideal conditions mechanisms. that can be leveraged to study the speciation process. Considering general find- Features of cities make them ideal for ings from these studies, we discuss the mechanisms of speciation that are likely to studying outstanding questions about occur in cities. We also discuss fundamental questions about speciation that urban speciation. environments are uniquely suited to address, such as those about the earliest Data testing hypotheses about specia- stages of divergence or the role of phenotypic plasticity. We conclude that the tion in cities are scarce. study of contemporary speciation in urban environments has promise to facilitate discoveries about the process of speciation as it occurs in the Anthropocene. Studying urban speciation will improve our understanding of speciation in the Anthropocene. Empirical Studies of Speciation and the Utility of Urban Environments Speciation (see Glossary) is the evolutionary process that generates reproductively isolated groups of organisms we call species. In documenting the processes that lead to the origin of species, biologists gain insight into the evolutionary mechanisms that generate biological diversity [1] and structure ecological communities [2]. Many empirical questions about specia- tion are best addressed via the study of wild populations, but progress is limited by our ability to identify suitable model systems in which to generate and test our predictions (see [3] for a list of outstanding questions about speciation).