DOCSLIB.ORG

Power Systems Design

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Power Systems Design Power Systems Design • Lecture #17 – October 27, 2020 • Definitions of energy and power • Power generation systems • Energy storage systems • Integrated systems analysis © 2020 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 1 Energy and Power - Not the Same!!! • Energy - the capacity of a physical system to do work (J, N-m, kWhr) • Power - time rate of change of energy (W, N-m/ sec, J/sec) • We are interested in generating power; we store and use energy at a given power level. U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 2 Solar Power • Insolation constant = 1394 W/m2 at 1 AU • Varies with inverse square of distance • Power conversion technologies – Photovoltaic – Thermodynamic cycle U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 3 Solar Flux at Mars From Mason, Kilopower: Small Fission Power Systems for Mars and Beyond NASA FISO Working Group, Feb. 1, 2017 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 4 Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 5 Triple-Junction Photovoltaic Cell U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 6 Individual Cell Efficiencies From Wertz, Everett, and Puschell, Space Mission Engineering: The New SMAD Microcosm Press, 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 7 Photovoltaic Array Examples From Fortescue, Swinerd, and Stark, Spacecraft Systems Engineering, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 8 Current Trends in Photovoltaics • Multi-Band Gap Concentrator Arrays – High efficiency (35%) – Low mass (2-300 W/kg) – Low area (500 W/m2) • Ultra-lightweight arrays – Reasonable efficiencies (15-20%) – Very low mass (500-1000 W/kg) – Larger area (200 W/m2) • Both technologies aimed at <$300/W U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 9 UltraFlex Characteristics U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 10 UltraFlex Deployment Sequence U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 11 Ultra-lightweight Photovoltaic Arrays • Solely optimized for minimum areal mass • Tends to use simpler (lower efficiency cells) • AEC-Able Ultraflex – 115 W/kg (Si 17%) – 140 W/kg (GaAs 23%) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 12 Concentrator Multi-Band Gap Arrays • Multi-band gap GaAs cells for high efficiency • Concentrator increases solar insolation, reduces area of cells, provides self-annealing U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 13 Sample Concentrator Array • AEC-Able SCARLETT array • Flown on Deep Space-1 • 299 W/m2 • 44 W/kg U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 14 International Space Station Solar Arrays U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 15 ISS Solar Array Articulation U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 16 ISS Power Management and Distribution U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 17 Photovoltaic Array Sizing Calculation • Power requirement = 3 kW • Si cells, 17% efficiency P 3000 W A = req = =12.66 m2 I η 1394 W .17 s m 2 ( ) • Power density = 115 W/kg P 3000 W m = = = 26.1 kg array ρ W power 115 kg U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 18 € € Chemical Thermal Power Systems • Use chemical energy storage systems (high density compared to batteries) • Have to carry both fuel and oxidizer • Use high-efficiency thermal cycle engines to generate electrical power – Stirling – Brayton • Generally use electrical motors for actuation U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 19 Solar Thermal Power Systems • Use large concentrators to focus solar energy on thermal collector • Run thermal cycle to generate electricity • Advantages over photovoltaic – Higher areal efficiencies – Lower procurement costs • Disadvantages – Moving parts, requiring maintenance – Pointing accuracy proportional to concentration ratio U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 20 Solar Dynamic Cycle Schematic From Fortescue, Swinerd, and Stark, Spacecraft Systems Engineering, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 21 Thermodynamic Cycles in Space • Carnot efficiency Tcold ⌘Carnot = ⌘max =1 − Thot • Radiative equilibrium P P = Aσ✏T 4 A = ! ✏T 4 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 22 NASA Thermal Conversion Tech Projections U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 23 Nuclear Power • Radioisotopic Thermal Generators (RTGs) – Generate electricity from heat of radioactive decay – Generally use 238Pu as heat source, thermionic conversion – Units up to a few hundreds of watts • Nuclear dynamic – Nuclear reactors for heat source, dynamic power system for conversion – Smallest effective size ~ 100 kW (or is it?) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 24 Galileo RTG U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 25 Galileo RTG Specifications U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 26 SP-100 Reactor Design U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 27 28 SNAP-10A ▪ SNAP-10A was a space-qualified nuclear reactor power system. – The only US space reactor – The reactor generated 35 kW of thermal power but only delivered about 500 watts of electrical power. ▪ It was launched into earth orbit in April, 1965. ▪ The reactor ran for an abbreviated 43-day flight test after the reactor was prematurely shut down by a faulty command receiver. McClure, Poston, and Gibson, “Kilopower” NASA FISO Telecon Presentation July 31, 2019 Los Alamos National Laboratory 7/22/19 SP-100 Reactor Installation U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 29 Representative Space Nuclear Power Data U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 30 31 Kilopower – Reactor Concept for Deep Space 1000 W: 400 kg Titanium/Water Heat Pipe Radiator 7 COMPONENTS ▪ Core ▪ Neutron reflector ▪ Heat pipes Stirling Power Conversion System ▪ Radiation shielding ▪ Start-stop rod Sodium Heat Pipes ▪ Stirling engine convertors ▪ Radiator to remove excess Lithium Hydride/Tungsten Shielding heat Beryllium Oxide Neutron Reflector Uranium Moly Cast Metal Fuel McClure, Poston, and Gibson, “Kilopower” NASA FISO Telecon Presentation July 31, 2019 B4C Neutron Absorber Rod Los Alamos National Laboratory 7/22/19 32 How big is Kilopower? 10 kilowatt electric Kilopower reactor 11 ft. Oatmeal Box = Core Trash Can = Reactor Very Tall Step Ladder = System Height McClure, Poston, and Gibson, “Kilopower” NASA FISO Telecon Presentation July 31, 2019 Los Alamos National Laboratory 7/22/19 Batteries • Energy storage via chemical reactions • Primary batteries - use once and discard • Secondary batteries - rechargable • Critical parameters – Energy density – Discharge rate – Allowable depth of discharge – Cycle life – Temperature limits U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 33 Primary Batteries From Pisacane and Moore, Fundamentals of Space Systems Oxford University Press, 1994 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 34 Secondary Batteries From Wertz, Everett, and Puschell, Space Mission Engineering: The New SMAD Microcosm Press, 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 35 Battery Voltage Supply Curves U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 36 Battery Application Domains From Wertz, Everett, and Puschell, Space Mission Engineering: The New SMAD Microcosm Press, 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 37 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Space Power Systems Design ENAE 483/788D - Principles of Space Systems Design MARYLAND 38 Energy and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Los Alamos National Laboratory
    Spotlight on National Labs Los Alamos National Laboratory Thom Mason, Director of Los Alamos National Laboratory Alan Carr, Historian of Los Alamos National Laboratory Leslie Sherrill, Group Leader, XTD-IDA (Integrated Design and Assessment) Alexis Trahan, Engineer, NEN-1 (Safeguards Science and Technology) Joetta Goda, Engineer, NEN-2 (Advanced Nuclear Technology) Dave Poston, Chief Reactor Designer, NEN-5 (Systems Design and Analysis) Moderator Nicholas Thompson, Engineer, NEN-2 (Advanced Nuclear Technology) May 6, 2020 ANS Spotlight on National Labs Los Alamos National Laboratory Thom Mason Director of LANL May 6, 2020 LA-UR-20-23309 75+ years serving the nation • In 1943, Los Alamos Laboratory was founded with a single, urgent purpose: build an atomic bomb • The future holds no shortage of national security threats, but there is no shortage of innovative ways to combat those threats • LANL leverages strategic nuclear deterrence to solve challenges to our nation’s security LANL’s national security focus means we are uniquely qualified to tackle big, novel problems such as COVID-19 Los Alamos National Laboratory 4/30/20 | 3 Our 12,866 employees rely on cutting-edge equipment and facilities to solve grand challenges on Earth and in space • 37.8 sq. mile campus (about the size of D.C.) • Flagship research facilities For plutonium, explosives, simulations, chemistry, and more, enabling work that’s impossible anywhere else • Much of our stockpile research is applied to complex challenges in: – Climate change – Vaccine development & epidemic
    [Show full text]
  • Leveraging Commercial Nuclear Reactors to Power Space Exploration
    Leveraging Commercial Nuclear Reactors to Power Space Exploration Ben Johnson Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, 970-822-7177, [email protected] This study is aimed at exploring the I. INTRODUCTION adaptation of commercial nuclear reactors as NASA has had a goal of a crewed an alternative to NASA’s current high-power 1 fission reactor systems, particularly with respect mission to Mars since the 1960s . Current to applications on the surface of Mars. The architecture for this manned mission study concludes that while the Kilopower recommends In Situ Resource Utilization architecture is brilliantly poised to provide (IRSU) on the surface of Mars and even the affordable, near-term power in the 1-10 Moon to produce fuel needed for travel to 2 kilowatts electric (kWe) range, the financial and from Mars. The power needed to barrier to higher power scaling of such systems convert the atmosphere and regolith into fuel is significant. This financial barrier adds risk to was initially estimated at 80 kWe, although the development of greater than 10kWe recent studies show that actual power systems and is likely to result in the failure to requirements for a 500 day mission with a successfully scale the technology to higher crew of six on Mars require at least 36 kWe powers for space exploration applications. To of energy.3 Producing consistent electricity investigate the feasibility of commercial reactor on Mars and the Moon is challenging in adaptation, the study first explores which some respects because the long lunar night general reactor concepts would be the most and dust storms on Mars’ surface make solar likely to succeed in space applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Power to the Planet
    POWER A nuclear reactor the size of a wastebasket could TOpower future operations THE on MARS and beyond. PLANET “WE WANT TO TAKE SPACE EXPLORATION TO THE NEXT LEVEL,” says Los Alamos engineer David Poston. “We want to see human habitation on Mars, and we want to see much more scientific data coming back from our deep-space probes.” But when it comes to space exploration, doing more always traces back to the thorny problem of generating more power, and for human habitation on Mars or even our own Moon, a lot more power. Unfortunately, A nuclear reactor the size of a wastebasket could the intensity of sunlight on Mars is less than half of what it is on Earth, and darkness and dust make solar power a severely limited option. Beyond Jupiter, it’s basically not an option at all. Fortunately, a solution may finally be at hand: the “Kilopower” nuclear- fission reactor. It is the present incarnation of an idea that Los Alamos has been considering for decades. Poston, the lead designer, and Patrick McClure, the Los Alamos project lead, have recently returned from power future operations on M A R S and beyond. the Nevada desert, where they successfully tested their concept: a wastebasket-sized and fully autonomous space-based nuclear reactor. McClure and Poston hope to enable nuclear power stations for Mars, the Moon, and the outer solar system. And with a long history of innovation in nuclear, space, and energy technology, Los Alamos has the pedigree to transform this ambitious objective into reality. CREDIT: NASA/JPL- Caltech/USGS 1663 August 2018 13 Two rovers are currently operating on Mars, Opportunity Then what about a human habitat on Mars? How much and Curiosity.
    [Show full text]
  • Kilopower Overview and Mission Applications
    Lee Mason, NASA Kilopower overview and mission applications 1 Kilopower Project • Innovation § A compact, low cost, fission reactor for exploration and science, scalable from 1 kW to 10 kW electric § Novel integration of available U-235 fuel form, passive sodium heat pipes, and flight-ready Stirling convertors § Would provide about 10x more power than the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator • Impact § Could be scaled up to provide modular option for human exploration missions to the Mars/Lunar surface § Potentially enables Decadal Survey Planetary Science missions without reliance on limited plutonium dioxide fuel • Goals § Full-scale nuclear system-level test of prototype U-235 reactor core coupled to flight-like Stirling convertors at relevant operating conditions § Design concepts that show scalability to 10 kWe for Mars surface power • Leveraging § Leverages existing DOE/NNSA nuclear materials, manufacturing capabilities, test facilities, nuclear safety expertise, and DOE/NNSA co- funding 2 Potential Applications • Government Missions § Human Mars surface missions § Deep Space Gateway: lunar surface operations § Planetary orbiters and landers: Europa, Titan, Enceladus, Neptune, Pluto, etc. § Planetary nuclear electric propulsion: Small Bodies, Ocean Worlds, Interstellar, etc. • Commercial Missions § Space power utility (pay-for-service) § Asteroid/space mining § Lunar/Mars settlements • Terrestrial Adaptations § Military Forward Operating Bases § Unmanned Underwater Vehicles • Power uses: drilling, melting, heating,
    [Show full text]
  • Sandia National Labs., Human Factors Considerations For
    SANDIA REPORT SAND2020-5635 Printed June 2020 Human Factors Considerations for Automating Microreactors Elizabeth S. Fleming, Megan Nyre-Yu, and David L. Luxat Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors. Printed in the United States of America. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: (865) 576-8401 Facsimile: (865) 576-5728 E-Mail: [email protected] Online ordering: http://www.osti.gov/scitech Available to the public from U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article Application Prospect of Fission-Powered Spacecraft in Solar System Exploration Missions
    AAAS Space: Science & Technology Volume 2021, Article ID 5245136, 15 pages https://doi.org/10.34133/2021/5245136 Review Article Application Prospect of Fission-Powered Spacecraft in Solar System Exploration Missions Y. Xia,1,2 J. Li,1 R. Zhai,1 J. Wang,1,2 B. Lin,1 and Q. Zhou3 1Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing, China 2Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing, China 3Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology of Tsinghua University, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China Correspondence should be addressed to Q. Zhou; [email protected] Received 9 June 2020; Accepted 29 July 2020; Published 26 February 2021 Copyright © 2021 Y. Xia et al. Exclusive Licensee Beijing Institute of Technology Press. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Fission power is a promising technology, and it has been proposed for several future space uses. It is being considered for high- power missions whose goal is to explore the solar system and even beyond. Space fission power has made great progress when NASA’s 1 kWe Kilowatt Reactor Using Stirling TechnologY (KRUSTY) prototype completed a full power scale nuclear test in 2018. Its success stimulated a new round of research competition among the major space countries. This article reviews the development of the Kilopower reactor and the KRUSTY system design. It summarizes the current missions that fission reactors are being considered as a power and/or propulsion source. These projects include visiting Jupiter and Saturn systems, Chiron, and Kuiper belt object; Neptune exploration missions; and lunar and Mars surface base missions.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasa-Tm-2017-219467
    NASA/TM—2017-219467 NASA’s Kilopower Reactor Development and the Path to Higher Power Missions Marc A. Gibson and Steven R. Oleson Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio Dave I. Poston and Patrick McClure Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico Prepared for the IEEE Aerospace Conference cosponsored by IEEE, AIAA, and PHM Big Sky, Montana, March 4, 2017 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 October 2017 Trade names and trademarks are used in this report for identifi cation only. Their usage does not constitute an offi cial endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Level of Review: This material has been technically reviewed by technical management. Available from NASA STI Program National Technical Information Service Mail Stop 148 5285 Port Royal Road NASA Langley Research Center Springfi eld, VA 22161 Hampton, VA 23681-2199 703-605-6000 This report is available in electronic form at http://www.sti.nasa.gov/ and http://ntrs.nasa.gov/ NASA’s Kilopower Reactor Development and the Path to Higher Power Missions Marc A. Gibson and Steven R. Oleson National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135 Dave I. Poston and Patrick McClure Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 Summary mission directorates will not include a fission power system in their solicitations until it is flight qualified, and scientists will The development of NASA’s Kilopower fission reactor is not propose new missions that require more power than what is taking large strides toward flight development with several currently proven and available.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of NASA's Small Fission Power System for Science And
    NASA/TM—2015-218460 Development of NASA’s Small Fission Power System for Science and Human Exploration Marc A. Gibson, Lee S. Mason, and Cheryl L. Bowman Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio David I. Poston and Patrick R. McClure Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico John Creasy and Chris Robinson National Security Complex, Oak Ridge, Tennessee June 2015 NASA STI Program . in Profi le Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientifi c and to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. technical fi ndings by NASA-sponsored The NASA Scientifi c and Technical Information (STI) contractors and grantees. Program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role. • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected papers from scientifi c and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other The NASA STI Program operates under the auspices meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. of the Agency Chief Information Offi cer. It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientifi c, NASA’s STI. The NASA STI Program provides access technical, or historical information from to the NASA Technical Report Server—Registered NASA programs, projects, and missions, often (NTRS Reg) and NASA Technical Report Server— concerned with subjects having substantial Public (NTRS) thus providing one of the largest public interest. collections of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. Results are published in both non-NASA • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- channels and by NASA in the NASA STI Report language translations of foreign scientifi c and Series, which includes the following report types: technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Energy Conversion Technologies for Space Nuclear Power Systems
    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20200000369 2020-03-11T13:29:27+00:00Z NASA/TM—2019-219935 AIAA–2018–4977 Comparison of Energy Conversion Technologies for Space Nuclear Power Systems Lee S. Mason Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio December 2019 NASA STI Program . in Profi le Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientifi c and to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. technical fi ndings by NASA-sponsored The NASA Scientifi c and Technical Information (STI) contractors and grantees. Program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain this important role. • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected papers from scientifi c and technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other The NASA STI Program operates under the auspices meetings sponsored or co-sponsored by NASA. of the Agency Chief Information Offi cer. It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientifi c, NASA’s STI. The NASA STI Program provides access technical, or historical information from to the NASA Technical Report Server—Registered NASA programs, projects, and missions, often (NTRS Reg) and NASA Technical Report Server— concerned with subjects having substantial Public (NTRS) thus providing one of the largest public interest. collections of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. Results are published in both non-NASA • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- channels and by NASA in the NASA STI Report language translations of foreign scientifi c and Series, which includes the following report types: technical material pertinent to NASA’s mission. • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of For more information about the NASA STI completed research or a major signifi cant phase program, see the following: of research that present the results of NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical • Access the NASA STI program home page at analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Track 3: Mission Concepts and Policy for Nuclear Space Systems
    !ONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Knoxville, TN 2020, April 6th – 9th Track 3: Mission Concepts and Policy for Nuclear Space Systems Technical Track Chairs: Bhavya Lal & Susannah Howiesan Author Title Aueron, Alexander Mars Mission Architecture Decision Through Value Models Reactor Subsystem Trades for a Near‐Term Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Flight Benensky, Kelsa Demonstration Mission Evaluating the Effect of Vehicle Shape and Astronaut Position on the Whole Body Effective Bond, Daniel K. Dose Equivalent in Deep Space Butcher, Lincoln Regulations on Ground Testing Space Nuclear Systems Camp, Allen Fission Reactor Inadvertent Reentry Considerations for Implementing Presedential Memorandum‐20 Guidelines for Nuclear Chang, Yale Safety Launch Authorization for Future Civil Space Missions Chirulli, Donato Small Probes for a Subsurface Ocean Exploration Mission to Europa Collins, Rachel A. A Systematic Approach to Defining a Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Flight Demonstration Klein, Andrew C. Operational Considerations for Space Fission Power and Propulsion Platforms Kokan, Timothy LEU NTP Flight Demonstration Vehicle and Applications to Operational Missions Kumar, Saroj Nuclear Propulsion for Future Planetary Missions Trade Offs Between High and Low Uranium Fueled Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion Lal, Bhavya Systems Locke, Jericho W. An Overview of Common Modalities in the Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion Systems McCallum, Peter W. Improvements to the Nuclear Launch Approval Process and Opportunites for New Missions How Will a NASA Decision on Low vs High Enriched Uranium for a Nuclear Fission Space Powis, Andrew T. Power Reactor Effect the Commercial Sector? Voss, Susan S. US Policy on the Use of Highly Enriched Uranium in Space Nuclear Power Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space Knoxville, TN, April 6 – April 9, 2020, available online at https://nets2020.ornl.gov MARS MISSION ARCHITECTURE DECISION THROUGH VALUE MODELS Alexander Aueron1, L.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Kilopower System Development and Testing at the Nevada National Security Site
    Overview of the Kilopower System Development and Testing at the Nevada National Security Site Max Chaiken Kilopower Project NASA GRC AIAA Briefing, June 20th, 2018 Introduction • Kilopower . Space fission power source . Fast spectrum nuclear reactor . Surface or space power • KRUSTY . Ground nuclear hardware test . 3 1/2 year development . Concluded with successful nuclear test in March 2018 • Future . Finish hardware development . Define system and programmatic requirements . Get into space! Outline • Kilopower Description • KRUSTY Description • Nuclear Reactor Dynamics • Test results discussion • Next steps Kilopower System Overview • Fast spectrum nuclear reactor . Uranium/Molybdenum high temperature metal core . Beryllium Oxide (BeO) radial and axial neutron reflectors Titanium water heat pipe radiators . Boron Carbide (B4C) control rod • Heat pipe thermal transfer . Haynes 230 alloy pipes . Sodium working fluid . ~800 ºC temperature • Radiation shield Stirling power conversion . Lithium Hydride (LiH) neutron shielding . Tungsten or Depleted Uranium gamma shielding Haynes sodium • Stirling engine thermal power conversion thermal transfer heat pipes . Radioisotope Power Systems heritage LiH/Tungsten . High efficiency 30-40% radiation shield • Heat rejection radiators Reactor core w/ . Titanium-water heat pipes fuel, reflector, control rod . ~100 ºC temperature Kilopower Reactor Using Stirling TechnologY • Collaboration between NASA and DoE . GRC, MSFC . LANL, Y12, NNSS • Test performed at the Nevada National Security Site . In the
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Fission Power and Propulsion
    !ONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Knoxville, TN 2020, April 6th – 9th Track 2: Nuclear Fission Power and Propulsion Technical Track Chair: Paolo Venneri Author Title Abou‐Jaoude, Abdalla PARAMETRIC EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE NUCLEAR PROPULSION CORES USING CURVED FUEL Angh, Caen DEVELOPMENT OF ZIRCONIUM CARBIDE FOR INERT MATRIX FUELS Cendro, Samantha simulation and experimental validation of aN inductively HeATED Solid‐core nuclear thermal rocket Chaiken, Max HEAT PIPE DEVELOPMENT FOR SPACE FISSION DEMONSTRATION MISSIONS Colgan, Nathan A HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HTGR WASTE HEAT REJECTION TO MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE INTERFACE AND SUBSURFACE CERAMIC BEHAVIOR IN MOLYBDENUM CERMETS FOR NUCLEAR Duffin, Taylor THERMAL PROPULSION PRE‐IRRADIATION CHARACTERIZATION OF INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE FOR NUCLEAR THERMAL Floyd, Dan ROCKETS: TEST PLAN IRRADIATION TESTING OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN BASED CERMETS FOR USE IN NUCLEAR Gaffin, Neal THERMAL PROPULSION Hashkins, Justin Toward an in‐depth material model for Nuclear thermal propulsion fuel elements Hirschhorn, Jacob DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTISCALE MODEL FOR FUEL LOSS FROM NUCLEAR THERMAL PROPULSION Design of the In‐pile experiment Set (INSET) apparatus to support Nuclear Thermal Propulsion fuel and Howard, Richard component testing. Howe, Steve SPRINTR: ADVANTAGES OF FLAT PLATE VERSUS PRISMATIC NTR FUELS Activation analysis of subscale experimental testbed: towards simulating nuclear thermal propulsion Hutchins, Emily prototypic conditions for material testing Joyner, Russell LEU NTP ENGINE SYSTEM FOR FLIGHT DEMONSTRATOR FOR A
    [Show full text]