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Cotinus Obovatus) Author(S): Donald R A New Leafmining Moth (Cameraria cotinivora, Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) of the American Smoketree (Cotinus obovatus) Author(s): Donald R. Davis and Gary R. Graves Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 118(2):244-253. Published By: Entomological Society of Washington DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.118.2.244 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4289/0013-8797.118.2.244 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 118(2), 2016, pp. 244–253 A NEW LEAFMINING MOTH (CAMERARIA COTINIVORA, LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) OF THE AMERICAN SMOKETREE (COTINUS OBOVATUS) DONALD R. DAVIS AND GARY R. GRAVES urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AC9C2C2D-D999-463E-8599-8185C62D94F3 (DRD) Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O.Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4DE643F9-237B-4330-99FB-44B7159FF9C4 (e-mail [email protected]); (GRG) Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O.Box 37012, MRC 116, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA, and Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:565707D4- E032-4CDF-96D0-91CED9FF1EC9 (e-mail [email protected]) Abstract.—Fieldwork in the Ozark Mountains of the central United States by GRG over the last decade involving the American smoketree, Cotinus obovatus Raf. (Anacardiaceae), has resulted in the discovery of a previously unknown moth species belonging to the genus Cameraria (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). The larva of this species mines the leaf mesophyll of this tree, creating serpentine mines most visible from the upper (adaxial) surface of the leaf. The most closely related species to Cameraria cotinivora,n.sp.isCameraria guttifinitella (Clemens), a common leaf- minerofpoisonivy,Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (Anacardiaceae). Illustrations of both species are provided as well as a COI analysis of their genetic relationship. Key Words: American smoketree, Cameraria cotinivora, Cameraria guttifinitella, Cotinus obovatus, Gracillariidae, leafminer, taxonomy DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.118.2.244 With the discovery of C. cotinivora, reddish to orange brown forewings, of- the predominantly Nearctic genus Cam- ten with 2-3 white fasciae with external eraria currently includes 54 species margins bordered by black scales. The known to range over most of North eighth abdominal sternite of the male is America and southern Canada, with enlarged and highly modified, usually several species yet to be described. extending part way beneath the genitalia, Fewer than 30 species have been re- as often in the genus Phyllonorycter. ported from the Old World, i.e., the American smoketree (Cotinus obova- Oriental, Palearctic, and Afrotropical tus Raf., Anacardiaceae, Fig. 8) is a rare regions(DePrins&DePrins2015).Adult North American shrub or small tree Cameraria are usually characterized by known from three disjunct populations VOLUME 118, NUMBER 2 245 (Fig. 1) in south-central Texas, on the The European smoketree is chemi- Ozark Plateau in Arkansas, Missouri, cally protected (Fraternale & Ricci and Oklahoma, and from the southern 2014) and the same is likely true for the Cumberland Plateau in northeastern poorly studied but closely related Alabama and adjacent Tennessee and American smoketree (Miller et al. 2001). Georgia (Little 1977). Few specimens The only recorded native herbivore of have trunk diameters exceeding 30 cm or the American smoketree is a notodontid have canopy heights greater than 12 m moth, Datana perspicua Grote and (mature trees usually range between Robinson (Crocker & Simpson 1982). 4-6 m in height). The simple ovate Documentation of native communities leaves (8-15 cm) have entire margins of phytophagous insects that feed on the and long petioles. The plants are usually American smoketree is of particular in- dioecious with small flowers in loose terest given the tree’s rarity and its panicles that appear in April and May. fragmented natural geographic range. Flower pedicels elongate after flowering, The proposed introduction of biocontrol and those on abortive flowers become agents to counter the invasive Brazilian plumose which lends a smoky appear- pepper-tree (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, ance to the tree when viewed from Anacardiaceae) in Florida (Medal et al. a distance. The dark yellow wood was 1999, Manrique et al. 2008) may pose used sporadically in the 19th century as a conservation risk to the distantly re- a source of fustic dye and for fence posts lated American Smoketree. Thus there owing to its resistance to decay. All is an urgent need for immediate taxo- known populations occur on soils de- nomic identification of all native and rived from calcareous bedrock, typically introduced herbivores of the American in glades and on cliffs and bluffs. They Smoketree. occur less frequently in mixed hardwood- GRG first encountered gracillariid cedar woodland. American smoketree leaf mines in populations of the Ameri- is only occasionally cultivated as an can smoketree on the Ozark Plateau ornamental, as most gardeners prefer its while mapping the geographic distribu- showier relative, the European smoke- tion of the host. Here we report that this tree (Cotinus coggygria Scop.), which leafminer represents a new species of ranges from southern Europe eastward Cameraria (Lepidoptera: Gracillar- across central Asia to northern China. iidae), most closely related to Cameraria For more than a decade GRG has been guttifinitella, a common leafminer of engaged in a general survey of Cotinus poison ivy, Anacardiaceae, Toxicoden- obovatus in order to better define its geo- dron radicans (L.) Kuntze. Cameraria graphic range and to collect genetic sam- guttifinitella has also been reared from ples from populations on the Ozark Plateau Rhus aromatica Aiton in Canada by and on the southern Cumberland Plateau. It T. N. Freeman and E. van Nieukerken. was also suspected that the relative rarity and the highly fragmented geographic range of the plant might reveal some in- MATERIALS AND METHODS teresting relationships among the insect Specimens examined in this study are herbivores. Thus far only specimens of C. deposited in the former United States Na- cotinivora have been found mining the tional Museum (USNM), now the National leaves, but some disjunct populations of the Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian plant have not been examined thoroughly. Institution, Washington, D.C., USA. 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 1. Distribution of Cotinus obovatus (light gray) and of Cameraria cotinivora (dark gray). Specimen preparation: Genitalic dis- (Oiagen, Inc., Valencia, CA), or from sections were cleared by heating in hot abdomens and larvae using the pro- 10% KOH for ; 30 minutes, and sub- cedures discussed in Nieulerken et al. sequently cleaned and stained with 2012. Primers LepF1 and LepR1 (Hebert either 2% chlorazol black E or mercu- et al. 2004), or the list of primers shown rochrome solutions. Genitalic illustra- in Table 1 of Nieulerken et al, 2012, tions were drawn from dissections were used to obtain the barcoding frag- temporarily stored in glycerine, which ment of COI following methods pre- were later permanently embedded in viously described (Hajibabaei et al. Canada balsam. Genitalic terminology 2006, Nieulerken et al. 2012). Sequences follows Klots (1970) and Kristensen are available in GenBank (http://www. (2003). Sequences of the 658bp mito- nchi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) and BOLD chrondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/) gene (CO1) were generated at the Bio- databases. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree diversity Institute of Ontario, University was generated from nucleotide sequences of Guelph, Canada and the Naturalis using the BOLD aligner as implemented Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Neth- in BOLD (Ratnasingham and Hebert, erlands. DNA was extracted from legs 2007, 2013). Phylogenetic and molecular using a QIAGEN DNeasy Extraction Kit evolutionary analyses were conducted VOLUME 118, NUMBER 2 247 Table 1. Sample information for specimens submitted for COI barcoding. Additional specimen data as well as sequence data are available on the BOLD website at RDOPO Basal Lepidoptera. GenBank Species of Accession Sample ID Cameraria Locality BOLD Process ID Number USNMENT00656313 cotinivora USA: Missouri; Ozark MNAM083-10 JF858636 County, County Road 514 USNMENT00656311 cotinivora USA: Arkansas; Newton MNAM081-10 KU380344 County, Erbie Campground Road
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