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Ethyl Acrylate (MA), Ethyl Acrylate (EA), N-Butyl Acrylate (BA) and 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate (2-EHA) EBAM July 2015 1 EBAM European Basic Acrylic Monomer Group

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Ethyl Acrylate (MA), Ethyl Acrylate (EA), N-Butyl Acrylate (BA) and 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate (2-EHA) EBAM July 2015 1 EBAM European Basic Acrylic Monomer Group Eco-profiles and Environmental Product Declarations of the European Plastics Manufacturers Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), Methyl acrylate (MA), Ethyl acrylate (EA), n-Butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) EBAM July 2015 1 EBAM European Basic Acrylic Monomer Group Table of Content Table of Content ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Environmental Product Declaration ............................................................................................................ 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Meta Data .................................................................................................................................................... 3 Description of the Product and the Production Process .............................................................................. 3 Environmental Performance ........................................................................................................................ 4 Additional Environmental and Health Information ........................................................................................ 5 Additional Technical Information .................................................................................................................. 6 Additional Economic Information ................................................................................................................. 6 Information ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Goal & Scope ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Intended Use & Target Audience ................................................................................................................. 8 Product Category and Declared Unit ........................................................................................................... 8 Product and Producer Description ............................................................................................................... 9 Eco-profile – Life Cycle Inventory .............................................................................................................. 12 System Boundaries .................................................................................................................................... 12 Cut-off Rules .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Data Quality Requirements ........................................................................................................................ 14 Calculation Rules ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Results ............................................................................................................. 17 Life Cycle Impact Assessment ................................................................................................................... 35 Input ........................................................................................................................................................... 35 Output ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 Reviews ........................................................................................................................................................ 39 Internal Independent Quality Assurance Statement .................................................................................. 39 External Independent Review Summary .................................................................................................... 40 References ................................................................................................................................................... 41 2 Environmental Product Declaration Introduction Number of plants included 6 (GAA) in data collection This Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is 3 (MA) 3 (EA) based upon life cycle inventory (LCI) data from the 4 (BA) GaBi database 2013 fulfilling the requirements on 3 (2-EHA) PlasticsEurope’s Eco-profile programme. It has Representativeness 100% Reference year been prepared according to PlasticsEurope’s 2012 Year of data collection and Eco-profiles and Environmental Declarations – calculation 2013-2014 LCI Methodology and PCR for Uncompounded Expected temporal validity 2022 Cut-offs Polymer Resins and Reactive Polymer Precur- No significant cut-offs Data Quality Good sors (PCR version 2.0, April 2011) 1) Allocation method Price allocation 1) [PLASTICSEUROPE 2011]. EPDs provide environ- for further information see ‘Allocation Rules’ mental performance data, but no information on the economic and social aspects which would be Description of the Product necessary for a complete sustainability assess- and the Production Process ment. EPDs do not imply a value judgment be- Glacial acrylic acid (GAA) is a clear, colorless liq- tween environmental criteria. uid. The odor is very similar to acetic acid. It is This EPD describes the production from cradle to highly reactive. Methyl acrylate (MA) is a clear, gate of Acrylic Monomers, namely Glacial acrylic colorless liquid which is completely soluble in al- acid (GAA) and its basic esters, Methyl acrylate cohols, ethers and many other organic solvents. It (MA), Ethyl acrylate (EA), n-Butyl acrylate (BA) as is very volatile, highly flammable and has a strong well as 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). Please odor. As well as methyl acrylate, also ethyl acry- keep in mind that comparisons cannot be late (EA) is a colorless liquid. It is very volatile and made on the level of the monomer material highly flammable. It is soluble in most organic sol- alone: it is necessary to consider the full life cycle vents and it stands out in the series of acrylic es- of an application in order to compare the perfor- ters by its pungent odor. n-butyl acrylate (BA) is a mance of different materials and the effects of rel- liquid organic substance which is flammable and evant life cycle parameters. This EPD is intended volatile and can easily be recognised by its odor. It to be used by member companies, to support is soluble in most organic substances. 2- product-orientated environmental management; Ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA) is a clear, colorless by users of plastics, as a building block of life cy- liquid with negligible solubility in water. cle assessment (LCA) studies of individual prod- All esters as well as glacial acid itself have in ucts; and by other interested parties, as a source common, that they are highly reactive. Therefore of life cycle information. they have the tendency to polymerise very easily in a highly exothermic reaction in case that some Meta Data kind of initiation is provided. Hence a polymerisa- Data Owner Cefic European Basic Acrylic Monomers Sec- tion inhibitor is required for their storage. tor group (EBAM) Avenue E. Van Nieu- wenhuyse, 4 box 2 Production Process B - 1160 Brussels Belgium Glacial acrylic acid (GAA) is produced by the LCA Practitioner thinkstep AG catalysed oxidation of propene. Yields are above Programme Owner PlasticsEurope aisbl 90%. The reaction is highly exothermic. The lower Programme Manager, Re- DEKRA Assurance Ser- alkyl acrylates (like MA and EA) are mainly pro- viewer vices GmbH duced by an acid-catalysed esterification reaction of acrylic acid and alcohol, respectively. In the re- 3 action process either a strong acid, such as sul- thickeners, surfactants, fibres, plastics, textiles phuric acid or a solid catalyst is used. For the pro- and inks. Lower alkyl acrylates are mostly used duction of the higher alkyl acrylates (like BA and as co-monomers with acrylic acid, acrylates, 2-EHA) also the corresponding alcohol reacts with methacrylates, olefins, etc.. They are also used as acrylic acid. As the esterification rate declines with a chemical intermediate to produce other mono- the increasing length of the alkyl chain of the al- mers by transesterification and molecules through cohol the reaction temperatures are higher and chemical synthesis, because of their high affinity residence times longer. for addition reactions with many inorganic and or- ganic compounds. The resulting materials are in- Data Sources and Allocation gredients used in coatings, elastomers, water The main data source is a primary data collection treatment, leather finishing, adhesives/sealants, from European producers of GAA and its four cor- thickeners, surfactants, fibers, plastics, textiles, responding esters, providing site-specific gate-to- inks and pharmaceutical intermediates. Higher gate production data for processes under opera- alkyl acrylates are mostly used as monomers tional control of the participating companies of five and co-monomers with acrylic acid, acrylates, producers overall with 19 plants in four different methacrylates, olefins, etc.. The resulting materi- European countries (BE, CZ, DE, FR). The table als are ingredients used
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