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Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion” (The Research, Monitoring and Evaluation Plan, http://www.efw.bpa.gov/cgi-bin/FW/welcome.cgi). Because of the M&E efforts already underway in the Grande Ronde (e.g., NPT NEOH M&E program and CSMEP), a template for cataloging data, similar to that currently being used in the other federal pilot programs (e.g.,Wenatchee, John Day, and Upper Salmon), is available for application (Appendix 9). The template includes consideration of Tier 1, 2, and 3 variables, which are consistent with the FCRPS BiOp 5.5.2 Terrestrial Research Monitoring and Evaluation The Grande Ronde Subbasin Terrestrial Team found preparation of the terrestrial assessment very challenging. Initial screening of IBIS and ONHIC data found both to be of questionable accuracy. Consequently the team spent much time analyzing the data for accuracy and validity. There is little if any local species population data for many of the selected focal species so changes in habitat from historic to current were the basis of the assessment. Data gaps and research needs are also addressed for each habitat type in the Synthesis section beginning on page 206. Suggestions for monitoring and evaluation are: • Determine population status in the Grande Ronde Subbasin of the American marten, olive-sided flycatcher, white-headed woodpecker, sage sparrow, Columbia spotted frog and yellow warbler. Data on these species is a prerequisite to meaningful discussions on the changes to habitats. • Inventory and assess condition of aspen and mountain mahogany habitat types. Access USFS data, although these are limited, for baseline information. • Conduct literature search and/or initiate studies to determine timing and type of use of these habitats by wildlife in the Grande Ronde Subbasin. • Access USFS data and inventory priority habitats to determine habitat quality with reference to dependent focal species. • Identify key wildlife habitat corridors/links. • Identify and protect wildlife habitat corridors/links Develop higher resolution habitat maps which accurately show location and extent of priority habitats (e.g., stringer wetlands). 6. Appendices 6.1 Appendix 1: References Achord, S., J.R. Harmaon, D.M. Marsh, B.P. Sandford, K.W. McIntyre, K. L. Thomas, N.N. Paasch, and G.W. Matthews. 1992. Research related to transportation of juvenile salmonids on the Columbia and Snake rivers, 1991. National Marine Fisheries Science, Seattle, Washington. 290 Akeson, J. J., and H. A. Akeson. 1992. Bighorn sheep movements and summer lamb mortality in central Idaho. Proceedings of the Biennial Symposium, Northern Wild Sheep and Goat Council, 8:14-27. Altman, B. 1999. Status and conservation of grassland birds in the Willamette Valley. Unpublished report, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Corvallis. Altman, B. 2000. Olive-sided flycatcher nest success and habitat relationships in post-fire and harvested forests of western Oregon, 1997-1999. Unpublished report submitted to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Regional Office, Portland, Oregon, USA. Altman, B. A. 2003a Olive-sided flycatcher, pages 374-376 in Marshall, D. B., M. G. Hunter and A. L. Contreras, eds. Birds of Oregon: a General Reference. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Altman, B. A. 2003b. Western meadowlark, pages 580-582 in Marshall, D. B., M. G. Hunter and A. L. Contreras, eds. Birds of Oregon: a General Reference. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Altman, B. and R. Sallabanks. 2000. Olive sided flycatcher (Contopus cooperi). In Poole, A. and F. Gill, eds. The birds of North America No. 502. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Altman, B., and A. Holmes. 2000. Conservation strategy for landbirds in the Columbia Plateau of eastern Oregon and Washington. Prepared for Oregon-Washington Partners in Flight. The American Bird Conservancy and the Point Reyes Bird Observatory. American Indian Resources Institute (AIRI). 1988. Indian tribes as sovereign governments. American Indian Lawyer Training Program. AIRI Press, Oakland, California. American Ornithologists' Union (AOU). 1998. Check-list of North American birds. Seventh edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC. 829 pp. AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2004. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: 2004). Anas, R.E., and and J.R. Gauley. 1956. Blueback salmon, Oncorchynchus nerka, age and length at seaward migration past Bonneville Dam. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Special Science Report. 185:46p. Anders, P.J. 1998. Conservation aquaculture and endangered species: can objective science prevail over risk anxiety? Fisheries, 23(11):28. Anstey, D.A., S.K. Davis, D.C. Duncan, and M. Skeel. 1995. Distribution and habitat requirements of eight grassland songbird species in southern Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Wetland Conservation Corporation, Regina, Saskatchewan. 11 pp. Anthony, R. G., A. K. Miles, J. A. Estes, and F. B. Isaacs. 1999. Productivity, diets, and environmental contaminants in nesting Bald Eagles from the Aleutian archipelago. Environmental Toxicologists and Chemists 18: 2054-2062. Anthony, R. G., and F. B. Isaacs. 1989. Characteristics of Bald Eagle nest sites in Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 53: 148-159. Anthony, R. G., M. G. Garrett, and C. A. Schuler. 1993. Environmental contaminants in Bald Eagles in the Columbia River estuary. Journal of Wildlife Management 57:10-19. Anthony, R. G., R. L. Knight, G. T. Allen, B. R. McClelland, and J. I. Hodges. 1982. Habitat use by nesting and roosting bald eagles in the Pacific Northwest. Trans. N. Am. Wildlife Nat. Res. Conference 47: 332-342. Arnett, E. B., R. J. Anderson, C. Sokol, F. B. Isaacs, R. G. Anthony, and W. P. Erickson. 2001. Relationships between nesting Bald Eagles and selective logging in southcentral Oregon. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29: 795-803. 291 Ashe, B., Concannon, K., Johnson, D. B., Zollman, R. L., Bryson, D. and Alley, G. (2000). Northeast Oregon Hatchery Project (NEOH) Spring Chinook Master Plan. Nez Perce Tribe, Lapwai, Idaho Ashe, B., K. Concannon, D. Johnson, R. Zollman, D. Bryson, G. Alley. 2000. Northeast Oregon Hatchery Spring Chinook Master Plan. Nez Perce Tribe, Lapwai, Idaho. Ashe, B.L., A. C. Miller, P. A. Kucera, M. L. Blenden. 1995. Spring outmigration of wild and hatchery chinook salmon and steelhead trout smolts from the Imnaha River, March 1 June 15, 1994. Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR., DOE/BP 38906 4. Bailey, J., and H.L. Kincaid. 1989. Pages 5-10 in Atlantic Salmon Brookstock Management and Breeding Handbook. Biological Report 89(12) U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Baird, S. F. 1858. Explorations and surveys for a railroad route from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. War Department Vol. IX. Birds. Washington, D.C. Barnhart, R.A. 1986. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Southwest)–steelhead. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Report 82(11.60), p.21. Bartlett, G. 1948. The "Yanks" of the Wallowas. Sunset. May:19-21. Beamesderfer, R. C., H. A. Schaller, M. P. Zimmerman, C. E. Petrosky, O. P. Langness, and L. LaVoy. 1997. Spawner-recruit data for spring and summer chinook salmon populations in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington in D. R. Marmorek and C. Peters (eds.) Plan for analyzing and testing hypotheses (PATH): report of retrospective analysis for fiscal year 1997. ESSA Technologies Ltd, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Beer, J. R. 1942. Notes on the winter food of beavers in the Palouse Prairies, Washington. Journal of Mammalogy, 23:444-445. Belding, L. 1890. Land birds of the Pacific District. California Academy of Sciences. Occasional paper 2. Bendire, C. E. 1892. Life histories of North American birds. U.S. Natl. Mus. Spec. Bulletin 1. Bent, A. C. 1942. Life Histories of North American flycatchers, lark, swallows and their allies. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 179. (Reprinted in 1963 by Dover Publ., New York). Bent, A. C. 1958. Life histories of North American blackbirds, orioles, tanagers, and allies. Dover, New York, New York, USA. Best, L. B., and K. L. Petersen. 1982. Effects of state of the breeding cycle on sage sparrow detectability. Auk 99:788-791. Birge, W.J., J.J. Just, A.G. Westerman, J.A. Black, and O.W. Roberts. 1975. Sensitivity of Vertebrate Embryos to Heavy Metals as a Criterion of Water Quality. Phase II. Bioassay Procedures Using Developmental Stages As Test . Water Resour. Res. Inst., Kentucky Univ., Lexington, KY; U.S. NTIS PB-240 987: 36 pp. Bjornn, T.C., R.R. Ringe, K.R. Tolotti, P.J. Keniry, J.P. Hunt C.J. Knutsen, and S.M. Knapp. 1992. Migration of adult chinook salmon and steelhead past dams and through reservoirs in the lower Snake River and into tributaries – 1991. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, Walla Walla, Washington. Blair G.S., and G. Servheen. 1993. Species Conservation Plan for the White-headed Woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus). US Dept. Agric. For. Serv. (R-1) and Idaho Dept. of Fish and Game. Blomquist, S. M., and J. C. Tull. 2002. Rana luteiventris: burrow use. Herpetological Review 33:131. Blood D.A. 1997. White-headed Woodpecker. Wildlife at Risk in British Columbia, Brochure. Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks. Blunt, M. H., H. A. Dawson, and E. T. Thorne. 1972. The birth weights and gestation in captive Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. Journal of Mammalogy, 58:106. 292 Botkin, D.B., D.L. Peterson, and J.M. Calhoun (technical editors). 2000. The scientific basis for validation monitoring of salmon for conservation and restoration plans. Olympic Natural Resources Technical Report. University of Washington, Olympic Natural Resources Center, Forks, Washington, USA. Bouwes, N., H. Schaller, P. Budy, C. Petrosky, R. Kiefer, P. Wilson, O. Langness, E. Weber, and E. Tinus.. 1999. An analysis of differential delayed mortality experienced by stream-type chinook salmon of the Snake River: a response by State, Tribal and USFWS technical staff to the 'D' analyses and discussion in the Anadromous Fish Appendix to the U.S.
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