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McCormick, Leanne, ‘“The Scarlet Woman in Person”: The Establishment of a Family Planning Service in Northern Ireland, 1950–1974’, Social History of Medicine, 21: 2 (2008), pp. 345–60. ———, Regulating Sexuality: Women in Twentieth-Century Northern Ireland (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009). ———, ‘“No Sense of Wrongdoing”: Abortion in Belfast 1917–67’, Journal of Social History, 49: 1 (2015), pp. 124–48. McGleenan, Tony, ‘Bourne Again? Abortion Law in Northern Ireland After Re. K and Re. A’, Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 45: 4 (Winter 1994), pp. 389–94. Muldowney, Mary, ‘Woman in Wartime: The Mass-Observation Diary of Moya Woodside’, The Irish Review, 42 (Summer 2010), pp. 58–71. Mullally, Una (ed.), Repeal the 8th (London: Unbound, 2018). Oaks, Laury, ‘“Abortion Is Part of the Irish Experience, It Is Part of What We Are”: The Transformation of Public Discourse on Irish Abortion Policy’, Women’s Studies International Forum, 25: 3 (2002), pp. 315–33. Porter, Elizabeth, ‘Culture, Community and Responsibilities: Abortion in Ireland’, Sociology, 30: 2 (1996), pp. 279–98. Qulity, Aideen, Sinead Kennedy, and Catherine Conlon (eds), The Abortion Papers Ireland: Volume II (Cork: Cork University Press, 2015). Randall, Vicky, ‘Irish Abortion Politics: A Comparative Perspective’, The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies, 18: 2 (1992), pp. 107–16. Rattigan, Clíona, ‘Crimes of Passion of the Worst Character’: Abortion Cases and Gender in Ireland, 1925–1950’, in M. Gialanella Valiulis (ed.), Gender and Power in Ireland (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2008), pp. 115–40. ———, What Else Could I Do?: Single Mothers and Infanticide, Ireland 1900– 1950 (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2012). Redmond, Jennifer, Sonja Tiernan, Sandra McAvoy, and Mary McAuliffe (eds), Sexual Politics in Modern Ireland (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2015). Rose, R. S., ‘Induced Abortion in the Republic of Ireland’, British Journal of Criminology, 18: 3 (July 1978), pp. 253–54. Rossiter, Ann, Ireland’s Hidden Diaspora: The Abortion Trail and the Making of a London-Irish Underground, 1980–2000 (London: Iasc, 2009). Ruane, Medb, The Irish Journey: Women’s Stories of Abortion (Dublin: Irish Family Planning Association, 2000). Ryan, Louise, ‘“A Decent Girl Well Worth Helping”: Women, Migration and Unwanted Pregnancy’, in L. Harte and Y. Whelan (eds), Ireland Beyond Boundaries: Mapping Irish Studies in the Twenty-First Century (Dublin: Pluto Press, 2007), pp. 135–53. Schweppe, Jennifer (ed.), The Unborn Child, Article 40.3.3 and Abortion in Ireland: Twenty-Five Years of Protection? (Dublin: Liffey Press, 2008). 146 Selected Bibliography

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A (ASN), A, B and C cases [A, B and C v 107 Ireland], 112 acts of defance, 46 abandonment of a child, 43. See also Adams, Gerry, 93 concealment of, birth; infanticide adoption, 10, 15, 35, 43, 52, 141 , 38 Adoption of Children Act (NI), Abortion Act, 1967, 6, 68–70, 72, 1929, 16 88–90, 92 fxers, 15 abortion experience illegally registered, 16 induced, 39 advertisements, 16, 45, 55 information, 83, 100, 119 Ahern, Bertie, 87 journey, 8, 105, 109, 136 Alliance for Choice (AfC), 92, 134 legislation, 71, 123 Alliance Party, 93, 131 migration, 97 American Supreme Court, 58, 60 numbers of, 43, 100 ‘Amy’, 105 pill, 124 anaemia, 19, 67 reform, 89, 108, 114, 118, 135, Anderson, Dr Olive. See Royal 136 Maternity Hospital in Belfast right to travel, 85, 92 Andorra, 2 trail, 5, 8, 10, 107 Anglican Communion, 24 travel, 8, 70, 83, 99, 100, 105, 109, Anglicism, 12 113, 118, 135 Anglin, Caoimhe, 110 abortionists, 7, 38, 39, 45, 46 Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1985, 90

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), 147 under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 L. Earner-Byrne and D. Urquhart, The Irish Abortion Journey, 1920–2018, Genders and Sexualities in History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03855-7 148 Index

‘Anna’, 103, 104 , 4, 5, 11, 18–25, 27, anonymity, 14, 29, 102 28, 30, 33, 38, 47, 51, 52, Anti-Amendment Campaign (AAC), 54–59, 61–67, 72, 78, 102, 73–77, 84, 97, 120 127, 138, 139. See also anti-conception advice, 25 contraception Antrim, County, 4, 105 information, 22, 47 Archbishop of Dublin, 14, 73 liberalisation of, 24 Armagh, 4 blood pressure, 19, 110 Arnold, Dr Charlotte, 64, 66 Bourne, Aleck (1938), London gynae- Belfast Women’s Welfare Clinic, 64 cologist and obstetric surgeon, Mothers’ Clinic, 64 41 artifcial birth control. See birth con- Brady, Cardinal Seán, 122 trol; contraception Breen, Suzanne, 92 Assistant Surgeon at the Royal Britain. See (UK) Maternity Hospital, Belfast, 38 British Medical Association, 87 The Atlantic, 133 bruises, 17 Attorney General, 58, 70, 72, 78, 85 Buchanan, Tom, 90 for Northern Ireland, 70 Busteed, John, Professor of Sutherland, Peter, 78 Economics, 21 Australia, 120 Australian, 129 authoritarianism, 54, 138 C Cadden, Mary Anne, 48. See also Nurse Cadden B caesarean section. See symphysiotomy baby farmers, 17 Cambodia, 2 Bangor. See Down, County; Wales cancer, 78, 111, 112 BBC, 65, 114, 131, 132, 134 ‘Carol’, 102 Belfast Casti Connubii (1931), 25, 71 corporation, 23 Catholic hierarchy, 14, 24, 29, 56, 61 Jubilee Maternity Hospital, 35 nuns, 12 Mater Infrmorium Hospital in, 28 teaching, 56 Royal Maternity Hospital in, 64 censorship, 12, 22, 43, 84, 139 Women’s Welfare Clinic, 64 of information, 22 Belfast News-letter, 41, 42, 101, 108, cervical canal, injection of soap and 136 water through the, 39 Belfast Telegraph, 64, 65, 107, 111, cervix, 39 115 charity workers, 14 Benson, Mark, 40, 41, 45, 47, 49, 50, chastity, 67 70, 140 chemist, 63. See also pharmacist ‘Beth’, 103 child abuse, clerical, 120 childbirth, risks of, 18 Index 149

Childers, Erskine, 59 counselling, 28, 77, 82, 83, 85, 102, China, 2 103, 116 Chithira, Aisha, 108, 109 County Homes, 12, 13. See also Church of Ireland, 4, 24, 35 Workhouses Midnight Mission, 35 Creasy, Stella MP, 96, 133 ‘Ciara’, 114, 115 criminal abortions, 37, 40 Citizen’s Assembly, 121 criminalised, 3, 22–24, 33, 81 civil rights, 57, 74 Criminal Justice Act (Northern clandestine journeys, 52 Ireland), 1945, 49 Clarke, Mara, 107 Section 25 (1), 49 Clonakilty, County Cork, 14 Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1935, coitus interruptus (withdrawal), 21, 22, 43, 58 55 criminally-induced abortions, 92 Committee of Enquiry into Maternal Cuba, 2 Health and Morbidity in Cummins, Mary, 102 Northern Ireland (1936), 26 custody, 17 Committee on the Criminal Law customs, 57, 58, 115 Amendment Act (1880–1885) cyanosis, 36 and Juvenile Prostitution (known as Carrigan Committee), 22 compassion. See The three cs: compas- D sion, care and change Daly, Mary E., 17, 21, 52 concealment of dangerous multipara, 19 birth, 43, 44 Dawson Bates, Richard, 26. See pregnancy, 43, 44 also Minister of Home Affairs, condoms, 55 Northern Ireland Connell, Kenneth H., 3 de Burgh, Sherie, 103, 105 Connolly, Linda, 58, 75, 83 Delay, Cara, 40 contraception, 4, 19, 22, 25, 26, 28, de Londras, Fiona, 119, 133 49, 54–57, 59–68, 73, 82, 95, Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), 100, 126, 138. See also birth con- 90, 94, 131–134. See also Foster, trol; contraceptive mentality Arlene, First Minister of Northern contraceptive mentality, 56, 57, 73 Ireland pill, 21 demography, 17 convent, 44, 55, 85, 135 Department of Health and Social Co-operative Women’s Guild, 23 Services, Northern Ireland, 67, 95 Cork, 10, 14, 20, 30, 34, 48, 55, 112, Department of Health, Ireland, 114 128 Department of Local Government and Cork University Hospital, 112 Public Health Inspector, 15. See Council for the Status of Women also Litster, Alice (CSW), 77 deserted mother, 48, 49 150 Index desperation, acts of, 43 European Community (EC), 84, 119 diabetes, 100 law, 119 discrimination, 85 European Court of Human Rights dispensary doctors, 25 (ECHR), 85, 112, 121 disrespect, 28 A, B, and C, 112 divorce, 4, 5, 22, 49, 54, 60, 126, 132 evil, 5, 12, 34, 88 doctor-patient relationship, 37 Ewart, Sarah, 113, 116, 135, 136 domestic violence, 7, 118 exit poll, 128 Donohue, Dr Síobhan, 114 Doran Kevin, Bishop, 138 douches, 44 F Down, County, 93 Family Planning Association, London, Downing Street, 93 65 dropsy, 36 family planning, natural, 21, 22, 63 Dublin Castle, 129, 130, 138 Fascism, 22 Dubliners, 53, 54 Fatal Foetal Abnormality, 111, 115 Duke, Kate, 84 Fatal Foetal Anomaly (FFA). See Fatal Durkan, Mark, 93 Foetal Abnormality dyspnoea, 36 foetal anomalies, 100 fear, 12, 13, 19, 20, 24, 25, 30, 46–48, 52, 62, 79, 83, 84, 88, E 92, 94, 95, 102, 103, 105, 106, Eastern, Northern and Southern 109, 111, 116, 118, 130, 135 Europe, 2 of exposure, 12 Easton, Alex, 90 fecundity, 22 ecumenical, 88 female network, 7, 45, 55, 84 Edgerton, Lynda, 67 feminist, 58, 63, 75, 80, 91, 118, 120, educational opportunities, 52 127, 128, 130 eighth amendment, 7, 76, 78, 79, grassroots movement, 127 113, 114, 118–126, 128, fertility 130, 132, 138, 140. See also control, 19, 21, 24, 29, 34, 49, 57, Referendum 67, 141 embolism, 45 marital, 17, 18 Emerson, Newton, 131, 132 wifely, 17 emigration. See Irish migrants in women’s, 17, 24 Britain Fianna Fáil, 59–61, 73, 77, 78, 87 of Irish pregnant single mothers, 10 , 60, 74, 78 Empey, Sir Reg, 93 Fitzgibbon, Gibbon. See Obstetrics England. See United Kingdom (UK) (Dublin 1937) English press, 41 Flanagan, Oliver J. See Fianna Fáil Enright, Mairéad, 119, 123, 124, 140 Fletcher, Ruth, 77, 110, 119 EU, xvii Flynn, T.E., 20 Europe, 2, 16, 52 foetal life, 119 Index 151

Ford, David, 80, 114. See also Minister Harte, Michelle, 111–113 of Justice, Northern Ireland Haughey, Charles J., 61, 78 Foster, Arlene, First Minister of Hayes, Joanne, 80, 81. See also Northern Ireland, 131, 132. See McCafferty, Nell also Democratic Unionist Party Healey, Morgan, 75, 77 (DUP) Health Service Executive (HSE), 16, founder of Irish Family Planning 119, 121 movement, 19 National Consent Policy, 119 France, 22 heart disease, 25, 30, 36, 39 fundamental, 11, 52, 75, 82, 85 failure, 36 rights, 75, 82 Hegarty, Most Rev. Séamus, Bishop fundamentalism, 6, 31, 138 of Raphoe. See Doran Kevin, funeral, 115 Bishop Hendron, Joe. See Social Democratic and (SDLP) G herbal remedies, 44 Gaffney, Gertrude, 15 Hibernia magazine, 55 Galway, 10, 121 High Court, 58, 84, 91, 111, 119, Gannon, Dr Caroline, 115. See also 126, 135, 140, 141. See also paediatric pathologist Supreme Court gender divide, 128 Hilliard, Betty, 30 gestation, 1, 108–110, 122, 126 Hodgers, Sheila, 78, 79 ‘girl murderers’, 44 Holmes, Thomas S.S., 39 God, 20, 24, 39, 56, 63, 88, 90 hostility, 5, 14, 17, 39, 89, 96, 97 ‘Good faith’, 6, 34, 40, 41, 70, 71. See housewife, 81 also McClure, H. Ian Hughes, Breedagh, Regional Director Granard, 80. See also Longford, Co of the Royal College of Midwives, , 131 134 Griswold v Connecticut, 58 Humanae Vitae (1968), 54 Guardian newspaper, 88 human rights, 85, 112, 121, 134, 135 guidelines, 91, 94, 110, 114, 140 Hussey, Gemma, Senator, 62 Guyana, 2 hyperemesis gravidarum (acute morn- ing sickness), 37 hyperglycaemia, 38 H haemoptysis, 36 haemorrhage, 14, 45, 110 I Halappanavar, Savita, 121, 123, 129, illegitimacy, 10, 50, 56 130, 136 illegitimate birth rate, 18 Hamilton, Justice Liam, 82 rates, 10 handywomen, 40, 45, 141 illicit, 48 ‘hard cases’, 24, 57, 79 impropriety, 39 hard labour, 44 imprudent, 22 152 Index incest, 91, 100, 118, 128, 135 111–113, 121–124, 126–128, India, 2 130–132, 138 induction, 36 Irish Women’s Abortion Support inequality, social, 107, 138 Group (London), 77 infanticide, 12, 43, 44. See also aban- Irish Women’s Liberation Movement donment of a child; concealment of (IWLM), 58 Infant Life (Preservation) Act of 1929, Irishwomen United (IWU), 61, 75 34, 41, 49 irregular cycles, 45. See also information, 4, 21, 22, 31, 47, 55, menstruation 82–85, 87, 89, 102, 109, 119, Italy, 22 139 on abortion travel, 116 In Her Shoes – Women of the Eighth, J 104, 106, 110 ‘Jean’, 106 innocence, 17, 54 Joint Oireachtas Committee on the Inspector, 15 EighthAmendment to the Irish intolerance, 5, 10, 11, 28, 52 Constitution, xx , 126 Iran, 81 Ireland’s Hidden Diaspora, 83, 84, K 89–92, 107 Kenny, Prof. Louise, 113 Irish Constitution (1937), 22 Kerry, County, 80 Irish Consumer Research, 81 town. See Lovett, Ann; McCafferty, Irish Council for Civil Liberties, 77 Nell Irish Ecclesiastical Record, catholic Kitt, Michael. See Fianna Fáil periodical, 20, 21 Irish Family Planning, 19 movement, 19 L Irish Family Planning Association, 10, Labour (party), 66, 77, 131 77, 102 lacerations, 39 Irish Free State, 3, 4, 10, 11, 19, 38, laity, 10, 24, 61 43, 60 Lancet, The, 19 Irish Guild of St. Luke, SS Cosmas and League of Nations, 25, 26, 30, 38 Damien, 20 legalisation, 9, 50, 52, 58, 59, 70, 73, Irish Medical Association (IMS), 29, 118, 139 30, 59 of birth control, 51, 58, 59 Irish migrants in Britain, 14, 108 legal termination, 87 Irish Pregnancy Counselling Centre Legion of Mary, 13 (IPCC), 77 Lenihan, Brian. See Fianna Fáil Irish Times, 1, 12, 29, 42, 43, 48, liberal, 1, 60, 63, 64, 80, 118, 126, 55, 57, 61–63, 77–81, 83, 88, 131 92, 96, 97, 100, 102, 103, 108, life cycle, 18, 52 Index 153

Limerick, 78 McBride, Michael, Chief Medical Litster, Alice, 15. See also Department Offcer of Northern Ireland, of Local Government and Public 135 Health Inspector McCafferty, Nell, 63, 80, 81. See also Liverpool, 14, 48, 52, 63, 80, 83, 88, Hayes, Joanne 89, 92, 102, 103, 114, 127 McClure, H. Ian., 38, 39, 70, 71. Liverpool and County Catholic Aid See also Assistant Surgeon at the Society, 14 Royal Maternity Hospital, Belfast; Lo, Ann, 92 ‘Good faith’ London, 4, 11, 14, 22, 24, 28, 35, 36, McCormick, Leanne, 16, 23, 45 41, 42, 54, 60, 83, 84, 100, 105, McGarry, Patsy, 55 108, 109, 130 McGee, Mary Longford, Co, 80. See also Granard Case. See Robinson, Mary Lord, Miriam, 127 McGee case, 58 LoveBoth, 126 McGimpsey, Michael, 94 Lovett, Ann, 73, 80, 81, 124 McGleenan, Tony, 91 Loyalist, 107 McGuinness, Catherine, Senator, 62 McKay, Susan, 128, 130 McMahon, Bryan, 126 M McNabb, Rev. Vincent, 20 Maastricht Treaty, 1992, 84 McNamara, Bishop Kevin, 73 Macafee, C.H.G., 27 medical Macnaghten, Justice, 42 complications, 78, 109, 110 Magdalene asylums, 12 ethics, 20, 79, 139 Malawi, 108 knowledge, 21, 40, 110 Malik, Kenan, 103, 131, 139 professionals, 39, 121 , 2 Medical Offcer of Health, 49 Manchester, 10, 13, 15, 106, 110 Medical Termination of Pregnancy Bill marital birth rate, 17 (Abortion bill of 1967), 72 privacy, 58, 75 menstruation, 45. See also irregular marriage, same-sex, 57, 125, 127 cycles Martin, Peter, 28 mental health, 42, 71, 87, 96, 97 Mass-Observation, 27 state, 6 Master of Rotunda protestant mater- wellbeing, 6, 12 nity hospital, 19 Mexico, 2 maternal, 10, 17, 19, 22, 25, 26, 34, Midnight Mission. See Church of 48, 49, 78, 126 Ireland health, 10, 17, 19, 22, 26, 34, 49, mid-wife. See handywomen 78 unqualifed, 40 mortality, 19, 26 Migrants and Ethnic-minorities for maternity nurse, 48 Reproductive Justice, 108 McAvoy, Sandra, 10, 11, 19, 20, 25, Minister for External Affairs, Irish, 73, 85 15 154 Index

Minister for Health and Social Neill, Dr Joyce, 65 services and Public Safety, Northern Ireland Family Planning Northern Ireland. See Association, 65 McGimpsey, Michael Nepal, 2 Minister for Health. See Childers, nephritis, 25 Erskine neurotic, 23, 24 Minister for Women’s Affairs, 80 NHS, 28, 29, 66, 88, 93, 96, 107, Minister of Health, Northern Ireland, 133 26, 114. See also Poots, Edwin Nic Ghiolla Phádraig, Máire, 63 Minister of Home Affairs, Northern nineteenth century, mid-, 17, 35 Ireland, 26. See also Dawson North America, 2 Bates, Richard Northern Ireland Bill of Rights, 90 Minister of Justice, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Education Act of 114. See also Ford, David 1947, 53 minor section, 38 Northern Ireland Law Reform ‘Miriam’, 109 Association (NILRA), 89 moral Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 91 absolutism, 5, 19, 24, 58 Northern Irish Society for consensus, 52 Constructive Birth Control export, 5, 8, 30, 31, 70, 87 (NISCBC), 23 judgement, 38, 88 North Irish Family Planning purity, 11 Association (NIFPA), 57, 65, 66, reform, 8, 44, 52, 56 105 superiority, 5, 10, 20, 31 Nurse Cadden, 34, 48. See also zeal, 22 Cadden, Mary Anne moralists, 3, 21 Nursing Times, 93 morality, 2, 4–6, 10, 11, 17, 22, 25, nutrition, poor, 19 31, 34, 49, 51, 53, 56, 58–60, 68, 75, 97, 118, 141 mother-and-baby homes, 12 O motherhood, 3, 11, 26, 29, 41 Oaks, Laury, 120 socialisation of, 29 O’Brien, Carl, 108, 112 Muldowney, Mary, 23, 24, 27, 85, Obstetrics (Dublin 1937), 36 104, 119 O’Dowd, John, 90 Mullally, Una, 130 Offaly, 82 murder, 44, 80, 88, 90, 103 Offaly Independent, 17 Offences Against the Person Act, 1861, 3, 33, 41, 74, 111 N Section 58, 3 National Health Service. See NHS section 59, 3 National Health Service (Family O’Hara, Pauline, 88 Planning) Act 1967, 66 O’Keane, Prof. Veronica, 123 Index 155

O’Kelly, John, 94 unwanted, 43, 48, 50, 70, 86, 87, Omagh, 17 100, 105 O’Neill, Michelle, 132 prejudice, 13, 38, 65, 75 Rev. P., 25 Presbyterian Church, 95 operation, 12, 13, 39, 42, 67, 88, priest. See Sagart (Irish for priest) 106 privacy, 55, 57, 58, 60, 74, 75 O’Rourke, Mary. See Fianna Fáil Pro-choice, 61, 74, 85, 91, 93, 104, out-of-wedlock, pregnancy. See 118, 119 illegitimacy procreation, 25, 55, 67 procuring, 38, 41, 50, 111, 122, 140 abortion, 38, 41, 122, 140 P miscarriage, 3, 41, 140 paediatrician, 77 Pro-Life, 69, 73, 75, 76, 80, 81, 110, paediatric pathologist, 115. See also 118, 119, 126 Gannon, Dr Caroline amendment, 75, 118, 126 panic, 8, 12, 54 amendment campaign, 81, 126 papal approval, 54 mentality, 75 Papal encyclical. See Casti Connubii profle of women having abortions, 46 (1931); Humane Vitae (1968) promiscuity, 5, 51, 52, 59, 66, 127 partition, 3, 12, 74, 77 pronatalism, 22 paternalism, 21 prosecution of abortionists, 34, 37, patriotism, exigencies of, 20 41, 49, 50, 63, 116, 140 peace politics, 139 Protection of Life During Pregnancy process, 139 Act 2013 (PLDPA), 122 pelvic pathology, 39 Miss Y, 122 perforations, 39, 45 psychological issues, 100 personal conscience, 74 public health, 13, 15 pharmacist, 45. See also chemist opinion, 36 physical health, 71, 105, 121 puritanism, 15 poison, 3 policemen, 39, 103 Poots, Edwin, 114. See also Minister of Q Health, Northern Ireland Queen’s University Belfast, 40 Pope, 54 quickening, 45 pornography, 61 poverty, 6, 27, 57, 108, 138 pregnancy R counselling, 28, 77, 82, 103 radioactive material, 100 crisis, 83, 105, 108, 114, 124, 140 rape, 7, 15, 50, 82, 84–86, 91, 100, multiple, 18, 19, 100 103, 118, 122, 128, 132, 135, 136 relentless, 7, 57, 67, 141 Rattigan, Clíona, 44–45 repeated, 10, 31, 39, 50, 100, 103, Referendum, 7, 74, 77–79, 87, 115, 122 103, 107, 115, 118, 121, 122, 156 Index

124–134, 138, 139. See also salt baths, 44 eighth amendment Salvation Army, 13 refuge, 13, 44, 55, 58, 136 San Marino, 2 refugee, 136 scalding, 46 religious, 4, 11–16, 18, 26, 27, 42, scapegoats, 15 52, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70–73, 80, Schweppe, Jennifer, 36, 73, 75, 81, 88, 138 119 divide, 16, 52, 88 secondary school, 52, 53 instruction, 53 Second Vatican Council (1963-1965). repatriation scheme, 14, 15 See Humanae Vitae (1968) reproductive autonomy, 75, 100 Second World War, 15, 47 health, 100 secrecy, 8, 11, 45, 46, 100, 105, justice, 73–75, 84, 97, 108, 120, 108 132 self-destruction, 87 rights, 2, 17, 52, 75, 89, 100, 139 self-harm, 46 Republican Labour Party, Northern sepsis, 37, 45 Ireland, 66 sex, 4, 11, 21, 25, 30, 53, 54, 67, 74, reputation, 12, 15, 35, 48, 73 80, 81, 104 Roberts, G.W.,Dr., 29 consensual, 52 Robinson, Mary. See McGee case Sexton, Mary, 108, 109 Robinson, Peter, 93 sexual instruction, 53 Roe v Wade, 60 sexuality, women’s, 2, 44, 80 Rohan, Dorine, 54, 55 shame, 3, 8, 10, 11, 54, 85, 88, 100, Rossiter, Ann, 83, 84, 89–92, 105, 106, 136 107–109, 116 Sheil, Judge, 92, 140 Royal College of General Practitioners, shock, 45, 100 94 silence, 54, 85, 100–102, 104, 106, Midwives, 94 119, 120, 136 Royal Maternity Hospital in Belfast, Sinn Féin, 90, 93, 94, 131, 132 38, 64 Smyth, Lisa, 49, 84, 85, 92, RTÉ, 96, 108, 115, 124, 127, 128, 119 134, 135 Social Democratic and Labour Party Ruane, Medb, 101–103, 105, 106, (SDLP), 131 109, 116 Society for the Protection of the Rubella, 100, 140 Unborn Child. See SPUC rural, 52, 60, 63, 73, 108 SPUC, 75, 82, 83 Russell, Florence, 14 Solidarity, 8, 14, 81, 84, 106 Ryanair, 113 Solomons, Bethel. See Master of Rotunda protestant maternity hospital S Michael. See founder of Irish Family safe and legal, 120 Planning movement Sagart (Irish for priest), 11 sores, 17 Index 157

South Africa, 2 Tralee, 80, 81 Southern Europe, 2 travel, abortion, 6, 83, 92, 100, Soviet Bloc, 2 105–108, 110, 113, 116, 136 statute and case law, 71 Trinity College Dublin, 123 sterile period, 21 tuberculosis, 7, 25, 26, 38 stigma. See stigmatisation Tunisia, 2 stigmatisation, 102 Tweedy’s Practical Obstetrics. See Stopes, Marie, 23, 35, 95–97, 109 Solomons, Bethel family planning clinic, 23 Twitter feed, 8 Stop the Silence, End the Stigma, 120 Stormont, 49, 90, 91 suicidal, 92, 122 U suicide, 42, 86, 92, 122, 123 Ulster, 4, 18, 28, 53, 70, 89, 93, 131 Supreme Court, 58, 60, 82, 86, 87, Ulster Herald, 17, 87, 88, 122 111. See also High Court Ulster Medical Journal (UMJ), 26, 27, surgical procedures, 46, 109 38, 39, 71 suspicion, 14, 57, 139 Ulster Pregnancy Advisory Association Sutherland, Peter. See Attorney (UPAA), 89 General Ulster Pregnancy Information Service. symphysiotomy, 30 See Ulster Pregnancy Advisory syringes, 44 Association (UPAA) unborn life, 7, 78, 82, 84, 88, 119, 122 T United Kingdom (UK) Taliban, evangelical, 91 , 6 Taosieach. See Ahern, Bertie; Haughey, Britain, 41 Charles J. England, 42 Television (TV), 74, 128 Scotland, 47 termination, 10, 30, 35–39, 72, 83, Wales, North, 29 84, 86, 87, 92, 93, 95, 107, 109, University Hospital Galway, 121 112, 114, 115, 121, 122, 131, University of Birmingham, 133 135, 136, 140 unlawful, 3, 22, 140 of pregnancy, 36, 38, 39, 72, 95, unmarried mothers, 5, 6, 10–15, 17, 109, 115, 135 35, 44, 77 Termination for Medical Reasons unsafe abortions, 70 (TMR), 114, 116 urban, 14, 52, 74, 82 therapeutic abortion, 6, 25, 34–38, uterus, 35, 37, 39, 45 41–43, 71, 72, 79, 140 perforation of, 45 Thompson, Prof. William, 92 The three cs: compassion, care and change, 127 V , 127 Valentine’s day, 114 tradition, 15, 17, 18, 46, 74 Victorian, 11 158 Index

Vietnam, 2 word-of-mouth, 45 virginity, 54 Workers’ Party, 77 Workhouses, 12, 13. See also County Homes W wounds, 17 Wales, 16, 18, 29, 47, 101 Wright, Jane, 36, 93 Waterford, 99 Wrongdoing, 45, 49, 77, 89 Well Woman Centres, 77 Western and Central Asia, 2 Westminster, 91–93, 96, 133 X Wexford, 111 X case, 85–87, 91, 97, 112, 122 Woman’s Way, 62, 78 womb, 27, 45, 79, 81, 90 Women’s Information Network Y (WIN), 83 Yeates, Pádraig, 78, 79 Women’s Right to Choose group, 75, 77, 83 Woodside, Moya. See Z Mass-Observation zeitgeist, 125