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Leafrollers (Lepidoptera) on Berry Crops in the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia

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J. E\'Tml()l.. Soc. 13 nIT. Cor.l" "ll.\ 70 (l OR2). DI·:c . .31. 10R2 3 1 table fo r markct. Once in the heads the aphids are occm common'" on lettuce in H.C. but th es' Ilsual'" d rtuall \' impossible to contact with foliar spras·s. breed on the u~de rs i d c of the outer Icas·c:s. whe r ~ Large populations \\·ould . of course. calise dircct thes' do not contaminate the saleable crop. d amage bs' their feeding and deposits of hones' dc\\". The lettuce aphid is now the most important in­ T his aphid is also a potential threat as a s'cctor of sect p,,,·t of lettuce in Brit ish Coluillbia. T he present lettuce- infeetin.l!; s' iruscs, es pecial'" cucu lllbcr outbreak demonstrates the ineffectis'eness of cur­ mosa ic and perhaps beet western s·ell o\\·s. S. rent"· recomlllcnded control strategies. Conse­ rib isl1igri is reported to be unahlc to transm it lettuce quentls·. extensis'e monitoring of aphid populations mosaic (Kenncc"·. Das' and F.astop. 1062). and field tests to eS'aluate the efficacs' of seH'ral Other species of aphids. especial'" the green aphicides including some promising sS'stemies are in pcach aphid. Mlj;:' ll.> pcrsical' (Sulzer). and the progress. Special attention is being gis'en to op­ potato aphid, Alacrnsiph II III cllphorviac (Thomas). timlllll timing and placcment of spras·s. HEFERENCES Forbes. A. H.. 13 . D. Frazer and II. R. ,\ l aeCarth~ ·. HJ73. The aphids (Homoptcra : Aphididae) of British Columbia.!. A basic taxonomic list. J. Entomol. Soc. Bril. Columbia 70:-13-57. Ileie. O. E. 197B. Hes-ision of the aphid genus Nasono"ia ~ l or(ls- i l ko . including Kakimia Il ottes and Frison. ss-ith kc ~'s to clescriptions of the species of the \\'orld (I-lolll nptera : AphidicLw). Entornolo.gieH Scan­ dinavica. Supplement i\o. 9. 10.S pp. Hill e Ris Lambers. D . 19-19. Contributions to a Illonograph of thc' Aphididae of Emope. 1\'. Tel1lminckia 8: 182- .3 2-1. Kennecls·. J. S .. 1-1. F. Day and V. F. Eastop. 1062. A conspectlls of aphids as s'edors of plant s·irw,cs . Lon­ don. Commonwcalth Imtitllte of Entolllology. /1-1 PI'. Leonard. ~f. D. 1974 . A list of the aphids of Oregon (llomoptcra: Aphidiclac). U.S. I)ep. Al!;r .. Agr. Hes. Sen'ice 'd imeo. 116 pp. Ministr\' of Agriclillure. Fisheries and Food. United Kingdom. 107 R. Lettuce aphids . I-IVD 55 7 pp. Smith, C. F. and C. S. Parron . 1978. An annotated list of AI'HIDIDAE (llO\I()PTEHA) of , 'orth Am erica. :\.c. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bul. 0<0. 255. -12R pp. LEAFROLLERS (LEPIDOPTERA) ON BERRY CROPS IN THE LOWER FRASER VALLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA DAVID R. GILLESPIE' AND BRYAN P. BEIH:\E I'estolog\, Centre. Dcpt. of Biological Sciences. Simon Fra s(' ,.lJni\'(~ " its · Burnabs·. H.C. \'5A 156 A sun'e\, of'tortri cidleafrollers and other lepidopterous larnle \\'ith leafrolling habits on be~n ' crops in the Lo\\'cr Fraser Valles'. B.C. rcs'calcd 16 species feeding on blucbcrrs·. four on cranbcrr:·. eight on ""pbcrn' and four on strawhern·. The 1l10st abundant species \\'CfC Chor;stoll(,lIra roS'Qcca na . Spi/ollo/a () ('('/lalla . Archip l) rosallw, and C hcililOphi/a sa /icella on blll"lwrry. Opcrol}h/ef(} hm('l'% . C. rosa­ r('alla ancl Adcris ('ol}wr iall(l on rapsl)('rrL Flhopo/;u/a 1!aI'Ullla on cranberry. and A. comarialla on strasd)crrs·. SOllle 01 the species has'e apparent"· not been reported pres'ious'" as feeding on sOllle of the bern' crops. Four species pn's'iousIs­ reported as pests of berry crops in the Lower Fraser Valles' \\'erc not found. Fields tea ted \\'ith insecticides earls- in the ,cason. \\'hether or not for leafrollers, had IO\\'er leafroller populations than IlIltreated fields. Then' is no 0 1> · jectin> eS'idence th at leafroller populations \\'ere sufficient to causc economic injun' to am' of the crops. Su bjectin> obsen'ations confirm the econoill ic illlportanc.:e of If'afroller daillage to cranbcrry and suggest that econoill ic injun' mas' occ.:ur on hlueberry. INTRODUCTIO;,\ Fraser \ 'alles' of British Columbia. and the abun· The objcctis'es of this \\'ork \\'ere to deterilline dance of the species im'olw'd reJa ti " e to each other the leafroller fauna of ber,,' crops in the Lo\\ e r and to the crops they affcct. Species of leaf rollers (Lepidoptera; Tort ricidae) and other Icpidopterolls larnlc \\'ith similar habits I Pre~t:'nt addn' ... ,: Hes('LIrc!I ilnd Phlll! (.)U<lfd lltirll' l:it atl()!l . {\~ric lilture \.anarla. R~Ol Ea.\! Sa;u lich B/)ac!. SidJ1 l'~. H.C. n":L are considered to be pests of berry crops in the 111.1. Fraser Vallc~ · . There arc general control recommcn- 32 J. E'TmlO L. Soc. BHrr. COL U ~ IllIA 79 (1982), 0 1-:(:, 3 1. 1982 dations for "I eafrollcrs" on blucherry and raspberry of row chosen randomly from within lO-row x and specific ones for the omnivorous leaf-ti er, 30-metre sampl e plots, Each section was sam pl ed Cllephasia IOllgalla. on strawberry a nd the black­ only once, The species are discussed in order of ap­ headed fir eworm , Hhopobola lIaevall a . on parent importance, cranbern' (Anon 1981). Neilson ( \D69) reported the oblique-banded leafroller, C horisfoll ellra rosa­ cealla. and the orange tortrix, Argyralaellia cilrall a RESULTS AND DISCUSSION as occasional pes ts of raspberry, Exarfema oliva­ Blueberry cealllllll and Allcylis co mplalla Jragariae as pests of Numbers of leafroller larvac per blueherr,' plant strawberry: and C heilllophiia sa licel/a as a pes t of varied co nsiderably between the sites surveyed, bluebern·. The recently introduced A f"ieris CO III­ Populations peaked in Mav: vari ations could be cor­ arialla has been reported as damaging strawbern' related with histories of insecticide usc. The lowest (Cram 1973) and Badebecia IIrlicalla as damagin g populations were at the two sites that were spra\'ed blueberry (C reelm an 1969) , I n \'iew of recent in 1980, where the numher of larvae did not exceed discoveri es of introduced Lepidnptera in British one per plant, So mewhat higher populations were Columbia (e ,g, Donganlar and Beirne 1978a, at four sites that were not sprayed in 1980 but hael 1979a, 1979b, C ram 1973, Evans 1966. Gill espie ('/ been sprayed one or two years before. At these sites , ai, 1978, Raine 1966) it was important that a surve\' peak populations reached four larvae per plant. The be made to detect the presence of new and potential highest populations werc at three sites that had not pests, been sprayed for at least fi ve years, where peak "Leafroller" is used here as a descriptive term to populations were from 15 to 25 lan 'ae per plant. incl ude all Tortricidae and several non-tortrieid In all , 14 species of Tortri cidae, one of species whose larvae habituallv feed in rolled or Ceometridae and one of Oecophoridae were col­ webbed leaves, lected from roll ed leaves and webbed blossom and fruit clusters on bl ueberry (Table I), Six of the tor­ MATERIALS AND METHODS tricid species and Cheimophila sa/irella Coll ecti ons of leafroller larvae were made from (Oecophoridae) are not nati\'c to No rth America, berrv crops on different dates in 1980 and 198 1 at Seven of the remainder and Operophfcra hl'llcea l a several sites in the Lower Fraser Valle\', With the (Geometridae) are indigenous, A C lepsis sp., exceptions of an abandoned commercial cranbcrn' represented b\' a single specimcn, is of unknown fi eld and an ex perimental raspberr\' ficld maintain­ provenance, ed by Agriculture C anada, all the sites were on Chroisl() lI ellra rosacea lla. the oblique-banded commercial berry fa rms, leafrn ll er, was the most abundant species from late On blueberry, leafroll er popul ati ons were April to mid -Ma\'. 1980, This is apparently the first surveyed by collecting a ll larvae and pupae found record of its occurrence on cultivated blueberry in on each of 10 plants from within a bl ock of 10 x \0 North America. Larnle fed in lea froll e rs and in plants inside the fi eld. At each visit, one plant was blosso m and developing fruit clusters . Pupation was selected from each row and was not re-sampled in June. and adults fl e\\' in July and Au gust, Lan'ac su bsequently, Six sampling visits were made at each coll ected on Au gust 19 from recentl y- laid cgg of the ni ne sites in Pitt Meadows and Richmond. at masses fed for 2 to:3 weeks until they reached the se­ about three-week intervals from Ap ril 28 to August cond or third instar, and then e ~ t e rcd diapause , 19, 1980, On cranberry, larvae were coll ected by Fir., t and second instar larvae were frequentl y hand searching w ithout regard for the unit scarch­ found in Au gust feeding in abandoned rolls of C, ed, Six sampling visit were made at each of four sa/iccl/a , Chorisfoll CII1'(J roS{/ ceana is univoltinc on sites in Pitt Meadows, Burnab\' and Ri chmond at blu eberry in the Fraser Vall e\': it is biyolti ne fmther about three-week inten 'als from May 12 to Au gust south (C hapma n and Leink 1971), 18, 1980, On raspherry. leafroll cr populations w E' re surveyed bv collectin g all larvae and pupae on each Spilollola ocel/alla.
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  • Pests in Northwestern Washington Prompted a 1994-1995 CAPS Survey of Apple Trees to Identify All Leaf-Feeding Apple Pests Currently in Whatcom County

    Pests in Northwestern Washington Prompted a 1994-1995 CAPS Survey of Apple Trees to Identify All Leaf-Feeding Apple Pests Currently in Whatcom County

    6. Biology / Phenology a. Biology 1. Exotic Fruit Tree Pests in Whatcom County, Washington Eric LaGasa Plant Services Div., Wash. St. Dept. of Agriculture P.O. Box 42560, Olympia, Washington 98504-2560 (360) 902-2063 [email protected] The Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) has conducted detection surveys and other field projects for exotic pests since the mid-1980's, with funding provided by the USDA/ APHIS Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) program. Recent discovery of several exotic fruit tree pests in northwestern Washington prompted a 1994-1995 CAPS survey of apple trees to identify all leaf-feeding apple pests currently in Whatcom County. Additional exotic apple pest species, new to either the region or U.S. were discovered. This paper presents some brief descriptions of species detected in that project, and other exotic fruit tree pest species discovered in northwest Washington since 1985. Table 1. - Exotic Fruit Tree Pests New to Northwestern Washington State - 1985 to 1995 green pug moth - Geometridae: Chloroclystis rectangulata (L.) An early, persistent European pest of apple, pear, cherry and other fruit trees. Larvae attack buds, blossoms, and leaves from March to June. Damage to blossoms causes considerable deformation of fruit. Larvae are common in apple blossoms in Whatcom County, where it was first reared from apple trees in 1994. This pest, new to North America, was also recently detected in the northeastern U.S. Croesia holmiana - Tortricidae: Croesia holmiana (L.) A common pest of many fruit trees and ornamental plants in Europe and Asia, where it is considered a minor problem. Spring larval feeding affects only leaves.