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Picture As Pdf ACTA BOT. VENEZ. 31 (1): 107-250. 2008 107 COLECCIÓN DE PLANTAS VASCULARES DE LACUENCA DELRÍO CAURA(ESTADO BOLÍVAR) DEPOSITADAEN EL HERBARIO NACIONALDE VENEZUELA Vascular plants collection of the Caura river basin (Bolivar State) deposited at the National Herbarium of Venezuela Leyda RODRÍGUEZ R.1, Mónica CARLSEN1, 2, Mariapía BEVILACQUA3 y Mayra GARCÍA1 1Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, Apartado Postal 2156, Caracas. Venezuela. [email protected] 2 Dirección actual: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O.Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, Estados Unidos de América 3Asociación Venezolana para la Conservación de Áreas Naturales (ACOANA), Apartado Postal 51532. Caracas 1050-A. Venezuela RESUMEN Se revisaron los especímenes de plantas vasculares del Herbario Nacional de Vene- zuela provenientes de la cuenca del río Caura, depositados hasta el año 2003, con la finalidad de contribuir con el conocimiento de su flora. Se inventariaron 33 colectores entre los que destacan Julian Steyermark, Claudia Knab-Vispo, Llewelyn Williams y Basil Stergios, con el mayor número de muestras. Se revisaron 7309 especímenes, repartidos en 155 tipos, y 370 pteridófitas, 2 gimnospermas y 6934 angiospermas. Se registraron 159 familias, 791 gé- neros y 1913 especies de plantas vasculares, incluyendo 18 subespecies y 16 variedades. Las familias más representativas de la cuenca, por poseer mayor riqueza de especies, son Dryop- teridaceae, Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Cypera- ceae, Poaceae, Mimosaceae y Asteraceae, entre otras. Del total de especies, 56 están restrin- gidas a la cuenca del río Caura, la mayoría en la meseta del Jaua-Sarisariñama y 10 se encontraron bajo cultivo. Existe representación de las primeras exploraciones realizadas a la región, como las de Félix Cardona, Llewelyn Williams y Julian Steyermark. Se presenta una lista comentada que incluye para cada especie: familia, hábito, ambiente, localidad (es) de colección en la cuenca, altitud, de acuerdo a su disponibilidad en el rótulo, así como los es- pecímenes revisados. Se indica también el espécimen tipo, de ser el caso, y si el taxon es en- démico o cultivado. Palabras clave: Catálogo, Caura, colecciones, exploraciones botánicas, Guayana, Vene- zuela ABSTRACT Vascular plant specimens collected in the Caura river basin and deposited until 2003 at the National Herbarium of Venezuela, were revised in order to contribute with the knowledge of the flora of that region. 33 collectors and 7309 specimens which include 155 type speci- mens, 370 pteridophytes, two gymnosperms and 6934 angiosperms were recorded. Julian Steyermark, Claudia Knab-Vispo, Llewelyn Williams and Basil Stergios are the collectors ISSN 0084-5906 Depósito Legal 196902DF68 108 Rodríguez, Carlsen, Bevilacqua y García with the highest number of samples. The collection consists of 159 families, 791 genera and 1913 species of vascular plants, including 18 subspecies and 16 varieties. Dryopteridaceae, Orchidaceae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Mimosaceae and Asteraceae were the families with the highest number of species. Of the total of species, 56 are restricted to the Caura river basin, mainly to the Jaua-Sarisariñama plateau and 10 were cultivated. The National Herbarium of Venezuela maintains a valuable collection from the Caura River basin, with representation of the firsts explorations made to this region, mainly by Félix Cardona, Llewelyn Williams and Julian Steyermark. For each species infor- mation about habit, habitat, collection localities in the basin, altitude, according to the label, and revised specimens are given in a checklist. The type specimen is indicated and also if the taxon is endemic or cultivated. Key words: Botanical explorations, catalog, Caura, collections, Guayana,Venezuela INTRODUCCIÓN La cuenca del río Caura es, por su extensión, la tercera cuenca más grande del país y el segundo afluente más importante de la margen derecha del río Orinoco; en ella convergen paisajes fisiográficos variados y gran heterogeneidad de ambientes (Peña & Huber 1996). Esto se refleja en la diversidad de tipos de vegetación, des- arrollados en suelos con pocos nutrientes y en un gradiente bioclimático dado por amplia variación altitudinal (Rosales 1996; Bevilacqua & Ochoa 2001). Las exploraciones científicas a esta cuenca se iniciaron en el siglo XIX, siendo Robert Schomburgk el primer naturalista en visitarla en 1838. Posterior- mente, Jean Chaffanjon realizó, en marzo de 1885, un viaje memorable desde la boca del río Caura hasta la confluencia del río Erebato (Huber 1996a). Entre 1897 y 1898, Eugène André recorrió el Bajo Caura hasta La Prisión. En una segunda expedición entre 1900 y 1901 estuvo en el Cerro Ameha, hoy conocido como Cerro Guanacoco; sin embargo, esa valiosa colección científica se perdió por un accidente de su embarcación (Williams 1942; Huber 1996a). En 1937, Félix Cardona Puig inició sus exploraciones en el río Caura y sus afluentes, considerándose el primero que, entre 1937 hasta 1942 y luego en 1963 y 1965, ha recorrido prácticamente todo el río, desde su boca hasta el río Merewa- ri (Huber 1996a). En 1939, Llewelyn Williams realizó una intensa exploración botánica desde la boca del Caura hasta el salto Pará, en un intento del Ministerio de Agricultura de cuantificar productos forestales con fines económicos a través del estudio botánico sistemático de la Guayana venezolana (Williams 1942). En esa oportunidad se recolectaron numerosas muestras botánicas, se describieron especies nuevas para la ciencia y se hicieron publicaciones que permitieron el conocimiento florístico de esta región del país (Williams 1940, 1941, 1942). Entre 1964 y 1966 Julian Steyermark hizo colecciones en los bosques de los ríos Cusi- mi, Caura, Nichare y Bonita. En 1965 comenzaron los viajes a las tierras altas de la cuenca con la prime- ra expedición a la meseta de Sarisariñama, en la que se exploró la escarpa sur de Colección de plantas … 109 la meseta. En 1967 se organizó la expedición Phelps al cerro Jaua en la que parti- cipó Julian Steyermark. Posteriormente, mediante vuelos de reconocimiento más detallados, se determinó que se había estado en la cima occidental de la meseta del Sarisariñama, junto a las nacientes de uno de los afluentes del río Canaracuni (Brewer-Carías 1976; Steyermark & Brewer-Carías 1976). Estos viajes sirvieron de base para una expedición multidisciplinaria realizada en 1974, en la cual se exploraron varias áreas del cerro Jaua y el cerro Sarisariñama, incluyendo las dos simas más notables al noroeste de la meseta. Entre 1974 y 1982 se realizaron estudios multidisciplinarios en el bajo y medio Caura para determinar la factibilidad de construcción de una represa hidro- eléctrica; los estudios botánicos estuvieron a cargo del Instituto Botánico y parti- ciparon Julian Steyermark, Gilberto Morillo, Ronald Liesner y Paul Berry, entre otros (Huber 1996a; G. Morillo, com. pers.). La empresa Técnica Minera C.A. (CVG-TECMIN) llevó a cabo, entre 1988 y 1992, el proyecto Inventario de los Recursos Naturales de la Región Guayana (Huber 1996a). Los estudios botánicos fueron apoyados por investigadores del Herbario PORT de la UNELLEZ (Huber 1996a; A. Fernández, com. pers.; E. Sanoja, com. pers.). Entre los botánicos que dieron aportes se encuentran Gerardo Aymard, Ángel Fernández, Yajaira Fernández, Elio Sanoja, Silvino Elcoro y Basil Stergios. El trabajo de Aymard et al. (1997) recoge algunos de estos resultados, se describen los bosques de tierra firme de un sector de la cuenca baja del río Caura, se analiza la composición florística y se reporta frecuencia, densidad, área basal y dominancia de especies. En 1988 se iniciaron investigaciones en la cuenca del río Chanaro y se insta- ló la Estación Biológica Dedemai a orillas del río Tabaro, afluente del río Nichare (Huber 1996a). De estos estudios se publicó el trabajo de Salas et al. (1997), el cual es un aporte al conocimiento de la composición florística y familias dominantes de los bosques de este sector de la cuenca del río Caura. En 1989 y 1992 Otto Huber realizó dos exploraciones botánicas a la cumbre centro-meridional del cerro Jaua, como una manera de profundizar los estudios de las tierras altas de la cuenca, ini- ciados por Steyermark. Estos estudios destacan la presencia de un mosaico com- plejo de tipos de vegetación, tales como bosques, arbustales, herbazales y comunidades pioneras (Steyermark & Brewer-Carías 1976; Huber et al. 1997). A finales de 1992, la empresa Electrificación del Caroní C.A. (CVG-EDEL- CA) adelantó una serie de estudios multidisciplinarios en la cuenca del río Caura, con la finalidad de conocer el potencial hidroeléctrico y las interacciones de los ecosistemas naturales que podrían ser afectados con la construcción de obras rela- cionadas con la generación de hidroelectricidad. Entre los trabajos botánicos des- tacan el de Briceño et al. (1997) en el bosque ribereño del bajo río Caura, y el de Dezzeo & Briceño (1997) en el bosque del río Chanaro. En 1994 Claudia Knab-Vispo comienza una investigación etnoecológica en bosques del bajo Caura (Huber 1996a), que ha permitido conocer muchas espe- cies vegetales utilizadas por las poblaciones indígenas locales (Knab-Vispo et al. 110 Rodríguez, Carlsen, Bevilacqua y García 1997), así como la estructura y composición florística de bosques del área de boca de Nichare (Knab-Vispo et al. 1999). En 1995, Judith Rosales comenzó el estudio de los ecosistemas ribereños
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