Long Island : Its Early Days and Development Brooklyn, N.Y

Home , Brooklyn, Canarsee, County of Nassau, Deborah Moody, Flushing Avenue, Hempstead Harbor

ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT

ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS

By EUGENE L ARMBRUSTER

19 14, by E. Z Ambmakr)

2 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAB AND DEVELOPMENT.

The Queens County Trust Company Offices and Safe Deposit Vaults, 3 75 Fulton St., Jamaica, A. Y. CAPITAL, $600,000.00

BANKING DEPARTMENT Deposits Subject to Checks. Special Deposits not Subject to Check. Interest Allowed on Daily Balances. Foreign Exchange, Travelers Cheques

TRUST DEPARTMENT Executor Estates Managed Administrator Registrar Guardian Transfer Agent Trustee Legal Depository for Receiver moneys paid into Court

SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS Boxes rented $5.00 per year and upward. Robert B. Austin, Pres. Willis H. Young, V. Pres. Thomas Napier, V. Pres- W. E. Stecher, Sect');. Leander B. Faber, Counsel.

Queens County Trust Co., Jamaica, Queens Borough. Conducts a General Banking Business. BRANCH OFFICE I Queens Plaza North, Long Island City, N. Y. ) Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

DR. BERNARD LISSEY One of Queens Borough's leading dentists is Dr. Bernard Lissey, with offices at 339 Fulton street,. Jamaica, and his dental operating room, a picture of which is shown above, has been declared the best equipped and the most elaborate and costly on Long Island. As an artisan is judged by his tools and ~lisworkmanship, so a dentist is judged by his appliances and his pleased or displeased patrons. The fact that Dr. Lissey has a large clientele and that his pa- tients invariably leave his office with pleased expressions on their faces, is sufficient proof of Dr. Lissey's worth. Dr. Lissey desires to please his patrons by not only giving them the best possible workmanship and dental surgery under absolute aseptic conditions, but by giving surrounding cleanliness and comfort. Upon arriving in New York, at the age of 17 yesrs, Dr. Lissey immediately proceedea to educate himself. He secured employment as a junior clerk in a drugstore and within a short time received his license as a graduate pharmacist. In 1903 he decided upon entering the College of Dental and Oral Surgery of New York. He had a very successful college career, graduating in 1906, receiving a silver medal. Shortly after his graduation, Dr. Lissey was married and in 1907 he established himself modestly at Jamaica, L. I. By close application to his work and constant effort to please, Dr. Lissey soon made for himself an enviable reputation. Despite the fact that he is a very busy dentist, Dr. Lissey still finds time to devote to civic, political, fraternal and charitable work. He is a member of the Jamaica Citizens Association, a member of the Board of Directors of the Iroquois Democratic Club, of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, of Jamaica Council of the Royal drcanum, of Jamaica Conclave, Independent Order of Heptasophs; of the Council of Im- migration of New York, of the Woodmen of the World, of the Foresters of America, of the Knights of Pythias, and of Ionic Lodge No. 486, F. and A. M., and of various dental societies. Dr. Lissey is still a comparatively young man. He is thirty-three years old. He lives with his wife and two children-Jeanette Frances and Dorothy Marion Lissey-in a handsome home at 63 Shelton avenue, Jamaica Dr. Lissey is always pleased to receive members of his profession, medical doctors, as well as the public in general, and permit them to inspect his handsome dental offices at 339 fulton street, Jamaica. Telephone 281-597 Jamaica. 4 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; IT!3 EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

BROOKLYN SAVINGS BANK CORNER PIERREPONT AND CLINTON STREETS New Entrance 800 Fulton Street BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Due Depositors - I I I $5 1,400,000 Surplus (Par Value) - . . I I $5,900,000

OFFICERS: CROWELL-HADDEN - - - President LAURUS E. SUTTON - - Comptroller DANlEL J. CREEM - - - Vice-Pres. ARTHUR C. HARE - - - - Cashier RICHARD L. EDWARDS - Vice-Pres. CHARLES C. PUTNAM - Ass't Comp'r TRUSTEES: CROWELL HADDEN FRANK L. BABBOTT HAROLD I. PRATT RICHARD L. EDWARDS HENRY F. NOYES EDWIN P. MAYNARD EDW. H. LITCHFIELD SANFORD H. STEELE . CHARLES J. PEABODY 'FRANK LYMAN DANIEL J. CREEM MARTIN JOOST DAVID G. LEGCET CLINTON R. JAMES ALBERT L. MASON WILLIS L. OGDEN B. HERBERT SMITH FRANK D. TUTTLE JOHN R. HALSTED FRANCIS L. NOBLE WILLIAM MASON JONATHAN BULKLEY FREDERICK A. M. BURRELL CHARLES L. MORSE WILLIAM L. MOFFAT Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND ; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 5

OAK PARK NURSERIES

On East Main street, Patchogue, is situated the Oak Park Nurseries, E. C. and S. V. Tiger, proprietors, comprising many acres. As the picture indicates, their specialty is evergreens. Established in 1888 the nursery has been spreading out year by year, until it now covers a large acreage of superbly stocked nursery specialtie's. Their reputation is such that it has gained for them customers who continually renew their orders, as they realize they can place their orders in perfect confidence and receive just exactly what they buy. Special attention is given to the culture of trees that will succeed best in this climate, and those grown here are already acclimated. Write for their beautiful cata- logue and when-in need of anything in this line write the Oak Park Nurseries, which will exert an effort to please you and make you a satisfied and permanent customer. 6 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. Jamaica Park South Realty Corporation

120 West Thirty-second Street, New York 236 Fdton Street, Jamaica, L. I. I Telephone 29 14 Madison Square Telephone 878 Jamaica

The Best Moderate Priced Residential Seetion in Queensborough

19 Minutes From the Pennsylvania Station, 33d Street, New York. 30 Minutes From Manhattan by the New Subway System. LOTS FROM $250 TO $1,500

The City. State and National Governments have united to open what the "New York World" aptly calls "America's New Front Door." It will be at Jamaica Bay, adjacent to our property. New York dock authorities declare at this hour that there are countless vessels which, upon arrival, have no prospect but delay, uncertainty and extortionate dock charges when they try to unload. A READJUSTMENT OF THE COMMERCE OF THE WORLD IS NOW UNDER WAY AND JAMAICA BAY IS TO HANDLE IT. We are showing you history in the making. Facts are here which your mind can build together. It is a cold business proposition. The alert will grasp it to their certain ~rofit. We can prove: to you every assertion. JAMAICA PARK SOUTH REALTY CORPORATION

120 West Thirty-second Street, New York 236 Folton Street, Jamaica, L. I. Telephone 2914 Madison Square Telephone 878 Jamaica Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 7 Jamaica Park South Realty Corporation

120 West Thirty-second Street, New York 236 Fdton Street, Jamaica, L. I. ' Telephone 29 14 Madison Square Telephone 8 7 8 Jamaica

EVERY DOLLAR IN THE PENNSYLVANIA TUNNELS AND TERMINALS, EVERY DOLLAR IN THE CITY'S DUAL SUBWAY SYSTEM, EVERY DOLLAR. IN JAMAICA BAY'S GREAT HARBOR, EVERY DOLLAR IN THE NEW ERIE BARGE CANAL, EVERY DOLLAR IN HELL GATE BRIDGE,

Every dollar in each and all of these projects is a lever raising Jamaica Park South reaIty values to a higher level. Our proposition is an open book. These big improvements are right there doing business-- ready for your inspection. You take nothing on faith. The facts speak for themselves. When you see, you will say what every other man says-"IT IS BETTER THAN IT WAS REPRE- SENTED. " Any of these improvements will create enough big business to make an ordinary city. Think what it means to build a harbor. Here will be miles of wharfage, steamship terminals, docks, etc. Jamaica Bay. Harbor means the creation of a thousand new business centerea city within a city. Shipping facilities bring manufacturers. The increase in Queens manufactures, 3 14% in 10 years, is a demonstration of that fact. If the NationaI Government were spending $70,000,000 in the construction of a new harbor on some barren shore, miles from any city, property there would be a good investment. But at Jamaica Bay the harbor is being built at the backdoor of the greatest commercial city in the world -a city with water or rail transit to all poi* on the globe. Suppose even ONE of these improvements was being worked out in any community-you know it would be good business to buy property there and wait its completion. But suppose the entire five came together in that community-what then? If some big business concern wodd spend $500,NO establishing a in a town, you would figure that property there was a goodinvestment. But here is an expenditure of eight hundred and twenty million dollars on the biggest enter- prises this country ever saw-all of them working together to make Jamaica Park South the greatest commercial center in the United States. If real estate does not reach high values here, there is no place on earth that it will. If real estate is not a good investment herethere is no such thing as a good investment. It is GOOD BUSINESS to investigate our proposition before you make any investment any- where. LET US TAKE YOU OUT AND SHOW YOU THE PROPERTY. JAMAICA PARK SOUTH REALTY CORPORATION

120 West Wi-second Street, New York 236 Fdton Street, Jamaica, L. I. Telephone 2914 Madison Square Telephone 878 Jamaica 8 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

I Patchogue Bank OF PATCHOGUE, N. Y.

Capital . . . . $75,000.00 Surplus and Profits Over $65,000.00

JOHN A. PO'JTER, President JESSE C. MILIS, Vice President FRANK A. POTTER, Cashier DIRECTORS JOHN A. POTTER FRANK OVERTON JOSEPH T. LOSEE JESSE C. MILLS SMITH W. CONKLIN JAMES H. MILLS JOHN M. PRICE NATHANIEL 0. SWEZEY JAMES H. SNEDECOR JOHN J. ROE GEORGE H. FURMAN J. ROBERT BAILEY ARCHIBALD S. HAVENS HOWARD S. CONKLIN DANIEL R. DAVIS FRED B. NEWINS DAYTON HEDGES . Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND ; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 9

- FRED M. RULAND Granite, Marble and Statuary. Artistic Granite Work a Specialty. Office and yards, corner of Lake street and North Ocean avenue, Patchogue, L. I. kept pace with the demands of the times for better cemetery work, assures all Ruland customers of prompt, courteous, efficient, honesi service. The most modern elec- trical lettering devices, the highest grade of workmanship, elevating cranes and all up-to-date equipment are the best evidence to offer that Ruland can meet any and all requirements for monuments, headstones, statuary, etc. If you are looking for the genuine prod- ucts-no substitutes-of the famous quarries of Barre, Vt.; . Quincy, Mass., and Westerly, R. I., The monuments manufactured Island are many examples of Ru- oithe noted imports from Aber- at the establishment of Fred M. land's superior work, admired and deen, scotland, or ltaly, ask Ruland are noted for their original highly commended for their excel- design and artistic workmanship. lence of finish. An established FRED M. R-, In the cemeteries of eastern Long, business of thirty years, that has rNo~3.hocean Av, Patchog~~L------

IF YOU PLEASE-

will you send us a sample of that job of commercial printing which you soon I will need and permit us to quote you a price upon it- I Remembering That Our Reputation for

producing printing which is technically and commercially correct gives you all reasonable assurance that, our price being right, you need have no hesitancy in entrusting your order to us?

THE AMITY PRINTING HOUSE CHARLES F. DELANO, Proprietor I AMITYVILLE, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. Long Distance Telephone No. 77 ~mit~ville. (All Hours) I2 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. UNIQUE THEATER

On South Ocean avenue, 500 feet from Main street, is located the "Unique Theater," a new and modern house, equipped with all improvements, including a gallery seating over 300. The latest capacity of theater nearly 1,000. Mr. Nathan Goldstein, proprietor and manager, caters to the elite of Patchogue, exhibiting all the latest films as soon as released. This beautiful theater was opened to the public last July and has, under Mr. Goldstein's able management, proven a great success.

WILLIAM L. MANTHA COMPANY, Inc. Have been established nine years in Bayport and four years in Sayville, operating a garage in each place. Fully equipped with power to make any repairs that an automobile may require. Expert mechanics are employed. Mr. Mantha makes a study of each new car as it appears upon the market, and is familiar with all types. The cut represents a Reo car for which this company are thh local selling agents. They are also selling agents for the Mitchell automobile. These two high-class cars have a splendid reputation, and those seeking an automobile can make no mistake in selecting either of them. Touring cars can be engaged here at reasonable rates. There is also amp!e storage room for private owners, who can rest assured they will receive first-class service. Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 11 I I THE BANK OF HUNTINGTON HUNTINGTON, L. I.

Just about twenty-six years ago there was started in Huntington, N. Y., a bank. The exact date is July 1, 1888. The institution sprang from the private bank of the late James M. Brush, Henry S. Brush and Douglas Conklin. These men virtually did business "over a soap box," and when it was announced that "The Bank of Huntington" was to be opened as a public enterprise, folks were inclined to laugh. Today the bank is the best known on rural Long Island, is the ninth strongest bank in the United States, is the second strongest ?ate bank in New York State, topped only by the famous Fifth Avenue Bank in New York City. It occupies a place well toward the top on the "roll of honor" of the national banking world. The rise of a community into prominence is generally the rise of its business institutions. Huntington is a good example. The town is composed chiefly of agricultural and residential interests, and for a town of about 6,000 inhabitants it is practically unrivaled on Long Island for general prosperity. If the truth be told, the Bank of Huntington takes a very large percentage of the credit for putting the village on the map, and has much to do with the solidity of its present financial condition.

The Mercantile and Financial Times said recently: " * * * when an institution operating or doing business in a small community can show on a capitalization of $30,000 a surplus and undivided profits account more than six times its capital, and total resources of almost one and three-quarter million dollars, it is indeed a most enviable condition and a decided testimonial to the abilities that have been and are directing its affairs. Such is the condition shown upon its completion of a quarter of a century of existence by the 'Bank of Huntington,' which institution now $ows a surplus of $200,000, deposits of more than $1,400,000, and total resources of $1,700,000. As an indication of the value of the capital stock of the Bank of Huntington, a short time ago two shares were sold at auction. One share went for $1,025 and the other for $1,020. Par value, $100.

OFFICERS : DOUGLASS CONKLIN. President. ROSS W. DOWNS. Cashier. HENRY F. SAMMIS. Vice Resident ADDISON W. SAMMIS, Assistant Cashier.

DIRECTORS : WILLARD N. BAYLIS. GEORGE WOODHULL CONKLIN. JOSEPH IRWIN. J. NEWELL ShMMIS. HENRY S. BRUSH. DOUGLASS CONKLIN, JOHN T. ROBB, THOMAS YOUNG. CARLL S. BURR, AUGUST HECKSCHER, HENRY F. SAMhlIS, Statement of The Bank of Huntington, N. Y, May 2, 1914. Resources. Liabilities. Bills discounted ...... $919,755.61 Capital stock ...... $30,000.00 Mortgages ...... 987462.05 Surplus ...... , . 130,000.00 and ...... a..e...... : Real estate ...... Undivided profits ...... 106,143.38 Cash on hand...... 84,078.56 Due depositors ...... 1,451,046.61 Due from reserve banks...... 170,478.23 Due banks ...... 2,725.69 12 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

WITH FORTY-SIX PEN AND INK SKETCHES

SIZE 5x7. CLOTH BINDING. P. P. 205, WITH GENERAL INDEX

ORDER FROM

EUGENE L. ARMBRUSTER, 263 Eldert Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. The Eagle Library

Contents

Page Pags Sohquompuo ...... 15 Towns (Continued) : The Indians ...... 16 Hempstead (and North Hempstead) ...... 30 Dutch and English Claims ...... 17 Oyster Bay ...... 31 The English Towns ...... 18 Huntington (and Babylon) ...... 33 Political Division of the Island ...... 18 Smithtown ...... 34 Long Island's Population at Different Periods ...... 18 Islip ...... 35 The Borough of Brooklyn ...... 18 Brookhaven ...... 36 Towns : Southold ...... 37 Brooklyn ...... Shelter Island ...... 38 New Utrecht ...... Riverhead ...... 38 Gravesend ...... Southampton ...... 39 Flatbush (and New Lots) ...... Easthampton ...... 40 Flatlands ...... Statistics ...... 40 Bushwick (and Williamsburgh) ...... Long Island a Century Ago ...... 41 Newtown (and Long Island City) ...... Map of New York Harbor ...... 41 Flushing ...... Conclusion ...... 43 Jamaica ...... General Indei ...... 44 to 48

. Illustrations

Page Page Map of Original Lake ...... 15 Jackson Tide Mill ...... 29 Map of Indian Tribes ...... 17 Duryea House. Flushing ...... 30 Map of Roads in K.inga County ...... 18 Stone Meeting House. ~amaiia...... 30 De Heere Gracht ...... 19 Cedarmere ...... Map of West Riding of Yorkshire ...... 19 Monument at Near Rockaway ...... De Hart or Bergen House ...... 21 Youngs House. Oyster Bay ...... Gowanus Stone House ...... 21 Lighthouse. Cold Spring Harbor ...... re eke'^ Mill and Yellow Mill ...... 21 First Presbyterian Church. Huntington ...... Second Breukelen Church ...... 22 Lefferts Homestead. Huntington ...... Long Island Ferry Landing. 1740 ...... 22 Paper Mill on Oriwie Lake ...... li'ulton Ferry. 1840 ...... 23 Fire Island Lighthouse ...... Dutch Church and De Sille House. New Utrecht ..... 24 Old First Presbyterian Church. Southold ...... first Dutch Church. Gravesend ...... 24 Hortoa House. Southold ...... Gravesend Town Hall ...... 25 Mill on Mattituck Creek ...... Original Long Island Church. Middelwoud ...... 25 Champlain House. Orient ...... New Amersfoort Church. Erected 1663 ...... 26 Mulford House. Orient ...... Schenck Homestead. Canarsie ...... 26 South View of Riverhead. 1840 ...... On Old Woodpoint Road. Bushwick ...... 26 Sayre House. Southampton ...... Bushwick Church and Town Hall ...... 27 Payne's Childhood Home. Easthampton ...... Old Bay Tavern on the Poor Bowery ...... 28 Map of New York Harbor in the Dutch Times ...... The Eagle Library

Introduction

ETRUS STUYVESANT reported to his fessor Ebeling." Silas Wood tells us: "It appears that superiors in the Netherlands, on taking Long Island had been overrun by hostile tribes and many office as Director General of the colony of the natives must have been destroyed by them." of New Netherland in 1647, that "he These are the few hints we have regarding the history found the colony so stripped of inhabi- of the island, while occupied by the Indians exclusively. tants, that, with the exception of the The writer has endeavored to find parts of the unwritten English villages of Hempstead, lush- history of the Indians in the names of localities on the ing and Gravesend, fifty bouweries and plantations could island, and the story of Sohquom~uoand the chapter on not be enumerated, and there could not be made out in "the Indians" are the result of this undertaking. The the whole province 250, or at the farthest 300, men caps- Indian names of localities in the counties of Rings and ble of bearing arms." Queens are of the Delaware dialect, and are more sig- ~h~sthe population of ~~n~ Island in 1647 may be nificant than is generally believed; the Dutch names in estimated at 500 men, women and childreu. We have many cases and the English names in some cases are the figures of later times, viz: In 1700, about 9,000; again translations of the Indian names of these locali- in 1800, 42,391; in 1900, 1,452,611. In the next decade ties. The history of the Indians of Long Island prior to the increase was 645,849, or approximately 19 times Hudson's coming has been a sealed book, and thus no the increase during the century from 1700 to 1800. At authorities can be quoted; the absence of geolo&al this rate Long Island will be transformed so rapidly that proofs relating to the formation of Long Island S~und it nlay be well to picture the old towns, while it yet is makes it necessary to give the story of Sohquom~uo possible, while we still have some .of the old landmarks simply as a narrative, although the writer has found it with us. indirectly corfirmed by the recorded history in a higher The first fact on record in the story of Long Island degree than many things which are generally accepted is the arrival of the Half Moon in the bay of New York. as true historical facts. Thompson says : "The opinion has sometimes been ad- The spelling of names of towns, villages, rivers, Indian vanced that the bed of the LonR Island Sound was at tribes, sacbems, etc., is not unif~rmthroughout the b03k. some remote period covered by the waters of a lake," This is due to several causes. The old documents and etc,; but the geologists are silent on this subject. Thomp- records were written by men who had come b:, this coun- son also says "that the language of the Montauk was try from all parts of Europe. These men took donthe very close that of the Narragansett and other New names according to sounds. Names of towns, rivers, etc., England tribes"; and he quotes Heckewelder, saying, in many cases were corruptions of Indian words, which were gradually transformed into names, more agreeable "that from the best accounts he could obtain, the Indians, to the ears of the white men. Hence the great varictg who inhabited ~ongIsland, were Delawares, and early of spelling in names of the same localities at different known as Matouwakes, according to De Laet and Pro- periods. The Eagle Library

LONG ISLAND ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT

SOHQUOMPUO. moment and the storm soon subsided. only place in the world for him with captain C. was a native of L~~~ Rowing back. he tried to locate the which any pleasant recollections were island; the farm on which he was rock, without success, and reached connected; the snow-covered forests of reared was located on ~~~h~~~thome, completely tired out, at mid- the high north had lost much in his and had been in the family for gener- night. Many times afterward he went memory, he began to feel his age. ationso Here he lived the life of a searching for the mysterious rock, but Just now he had returned fmm a farmer's boy, which fitted him for a ln vain, ride on horseback; it had been a typi- future full of adventures and hard- men he had reached his twentieth cal August day and now, at evening, ships. ~i~ only recreation was to' Year he left home and went West- heavy Clouds began to gather and a an hour or two in the cool of After many adventures he crossed the storm promised to bring relief by mid- the evening upon the waters of the line at the great lakes and lived for night. He walked down Middle Neck sound, after a dayes hard toil in the years among the Indians of Canada; Road, expecting. to find the air cooler fields. ~~~i~~away from the shore here he became acquainted with the near tha shore The waters of the t!e would let his boat drift along while various dialects of the Algonquin ' Sound had not lost their old power he listened to the noise of the water tribes. He forget civilization, amass- over him -and he decided to row to and the chirping of the birds and thus i"g a fortune in the fur trade. But One Execution Rocks Lishthouse. On the became familiar with many secrets of thing he could never fully forget-that way his mind was occupied by recol- nature. These, evening hours had a black rock in the Sound. Many a night lections, his boyhood and later life great fascination for the boy. One vrhile lying awake in his wigwam in passed in ~eview,and he did not notice night he was surprised by a storm; the wilds of the far-northern forests, a dense mist settling over the water. he had not noticed the change in the ' he vainly tried t- solve the mystery. The rolling thunder made him look up atmosphere and the stom was upon The years rolled by and his hair was and around and he realized that he had him without any warning. He tried now white. No matter how long a lost all direction. The night grew Y.is best to reach the shore but Jh.e man may have been away from home darker and the storm broke loose with boat was hard to manage in the angrily some day the memory of that place full force; the boat drifted along with splashing waters; it was driven down will stand out so clearly that he is the water for some time. A flash of the Sound, and while passing a rock, compelled to overcome all obstacles and lighting enabled him to see an object agzinst which the waves dashed furious- return to it, to see once more the place ahead of him; he hoped that it might ly, he thought that he heard the sound where he has spent his childhood days. ,be the lighthouse; the next flash, how- of a human voice between the thunder This happened to Captain C. and he ever, showed it to be a steep, bare rock. crashes. He forgot his perilous situa- obeyed willingly. and the boat was alarmingly close up tion, all his senses were concentrated We meet him again on the paternal to it. The memory of that mysterious upon that black rock. The sky was of farm on Manhasset Neck. His parents rock of long ago flashed through the an inky color, but when now a flash of had closed their eyes many years ago. captain's mind; a moment later the lightning tore ths darkness, the ?i,qre, His younger brother lived nor in the boat was thrown against the rock and of a human being seemed to stand on old home; the captain decided to live capsized. Holding on to the upturned tcp of the rock; all disappeared in a with him and his fa.rn;l-r. This was the I.vessel, he managed to keep above Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPW

water until the sky was lit up again. ?olf bands; they also fled over to our in. peace. His brother's family still He noticed that the rock fell off grad- =land and settled west Of the goose- lives on Manhasset Neck. The project ually on one side and he pushed the band- Their totem was the wolf; the recently mentioned in the papers, to boat in that direction. Leaving the boat Dutch called them bears or Canarsee, construct a lake, which IS to take the in a fairly secure position in a split in The Maereckkaak fount! themselves place of the Long Island Sound, -has the rock, he climbed up. crowded and renewed their warfare vividly brougnt back to their mmds Exhausted, Captain C. stood still. my People; they drove them the adventure of their relative, for d Amidst the howling of the storm he along the north shore; at Nesaquake it be carried out, it will give to his imagined he heard the wailing of a there was a Place of slaughter: at Se- strange acquaintance, Sohquompuo, the human voice. Forgotten was his exhauu- tauket they dispersed them in consecu- - rest which he has bean longing for for tion, danger and storm. He ran into the tive attacks: at Unkechaug or Patchoag ages. dark until he stumbled; a dash, fol- they were mally driven apart and fell lowed by a terrible crash revealed the !n a snare; at Secatoag was the hid-. figure of a man with outstretched place of the last Who remained of THE INDIANS. arms. The mystery of the black rock their number. was to be solved; the half century "The Canarsee were less cruel to my The Maereck or Maereckkaak; i- e.* which had passed since that night was People. They allowed them to remain Gcose band, a tribe of the Delaware wiped away, he was rezdy to face any- them. One band was called by family, on coming over from Staten thing in order to succeed. ~s sudden *hem Mispat; that is, a separate peo- Island, -de a village on the extreme as the storm had set in it died out Dle. They were not captives, but they western end of Long Island, which was again and the moon broke through the were without the power of alienation. known as Maersckhaakwick or Mary- black clouds, flooding the rock with The Jamaica were of the same class. chkenkwickingh; i. e.. the place of the silvery light. The captain walked had aven UP their land without Blaereckkaak. They occupied the tq- toward the dark shape, it was the fig- resistance- At Keshkechqueren, or the ritory of the town of Brooklyn with ure of an Indian. His am, before bay, and at Rechhouwhacky they bad the exception of Bedford and Ramem- stretched out, had fallen do- on his '-illages of their own tribe. The goose- conck (Wallabout village); and New sides. The Indian broke the silence; band started a Vhge near here, at Utrecht and Midwout (the original his words sounded strange at first, but the stones, which was called Sitsink town of Flatbush). The Maereclfkaak the captain, familiar with the dialec* Of Matmecoc, and another at the great also sold to the Dutch Ward's and of the various Algonquin tribes, could "Ye'. This was called Mamspinck, or Blackwell's Islands. msp the meaning of most sentences. Ma*e~e. Later on the tribes on the They were followed by another Dela- The stranger said: Fishers' Hook took the last of my pm- ware band, which had been located on "It was a night like this, when; pl-2 under their protection, The -t- the New Jersey shore, west of Staten Pointing to the water all around, "the ern tribes had come from the I~land. Thk, band established a vil- rocks were swept away; down the acroSS the Sound. They landed at ldge on Jamruca Bay, wbch was called Sound they went, tearing away larm Comhaug, the old place; afternard they Keshkechqueren; i. e., at the bay. They pieces of land. Hundreds of men,. Spread over the pine lana, and be- occupied Gravesend. Flatlands, New Women and children were killed. ~ob- thus known Si Sirtnecox. When LctS* Bushwick* Bedford* Kinnee- bamock had told me, while I was lying the whites bought their land they called conck. Jamaica* Newtown and Of Hempstead. They also sold in my wigwam half asleep, to warn the most eastern band Monk*, or '"land to the which latter - 1 those toward the east, or sunrise. An- the women and children, but had not tkEm Bears Or Canarsee. Island the courage to go upon the water; the Other band, on Shelter Island, they and Coney Island were waves were angry, and I fled toward hew as Mashanset; that is, on the ably a secure place for the women 0l the mid* Of the island- &ng died: the tri'oe. men1~1a.nd was by all are dead--dead for a long, long smerea terribly. the Dutch t' beeren eylandt; i. e.. the time; *Shoquompuo alone is alive. The People fled from it, crying out 1~~3of the B- the name Hobbamock says he cannot find rest 'wettethat is, god, for they knew coney bland *om Konooh, a until the rocks come back again. not what had befallen them. It was -. people had a tradition that where we Supernatural; way beyond their com- he ~an-ee made a new village at now stand was the shore of a lake. Prehension- The island still bears the Rockaway Bay, called Rechouwacby; which extended eastward beyond Pau- =me Manette, Or Manhattan. When i e., "place of theh own people,'. dis- manack, the Fishers' Hook. Mmy palefaces camf% the Indians had tinguishing it thus as a place where hundreds of years ago this lake was a few small Places upon that island men of their own tribe resided, in op- destroyed, and the water, rush'ig do- to give shelter during the hunting sea- yosition t~ -pat and Jamaica, which toward the open sea, broke the land Son- At the time of the flood, they places were occupied by men of con- Lnto pieces all along on its way. ~t had fled to the northern limit of their quered tribes. The Dutch considered formed many islands, which the pale- territory. and that part of the band the Rechouwhacky or Rackaway band faces have named Fishers, Gull, plum, wbch stayed there became known as tu be a separate ?be, but the CDar- Manhattan, etc., islands; it -0 made WecqUaeskeek Those who came south see chief, Penam-, i. e. "one of a a channel, or what you call the ~a~taman were known as Manhattan. different tongue or countrp." sold all River; a chain of rocks across fie They had a village at their original the land of the entire bbe to the Sound was all that remained here of Pkc% or what YOU call Yonkers. They D~tchin 1610. the shore of the lake. About the time were Of the Wappinger tribe. 'The Tracts of land within the limits when the first paleface came to this Wap~ingerand my people, the Ma- the Canarsee were granted by Director continent, way do- in the South, far, touwacs, were of the Mahican nation. General =eft 16* ven far from here, ~obbsmockwas angrg The Maereckkaak and Canarsee were behind to the at my people but he did not want to Delawares, or hni Lenape. They Francis and Others at Mispat# Anthony *Om destroy the &omen and children. He Were called Souwenos. because they at Burger and sent the rocks down the Sound, the came from the southwest, and the Richard Brutnell at Dutch m, waters tore away pieces from our land which they had taken from 1w to Gysbert Op at Coney, island, which fragments the palefaces people was called *Sowanohke, m,9r now call Ward's, Blackwell's and Gov- Suanhacky. In later times the Mae- etc- ernor's Islands. Randall's Island also recw, or Maereck, removed from The Maereckkaak the need was torn from the main; &tanhattan ther first place on the most western Of a territorp9 being 'lased at Island was flooded so that few could end of this island and settled among :::~i:;,"Yb:e::$~E~i,":~~C~n escape from it. Staten Island trem- their brethren, taking UP their abode the tribe or tribes which had been bled all the time: the pieces of land on the Great South Bay. There they driven back into ~ueenscounty. The were thrown against it, when they be- became known as Memcoke, or 'Mer- of the tribes, thereafter four in came piled up in the Narrows, and ric."' the waters, held up, ran over the The Captain had listened to the old ~~~S~de~~,"~dn~?df~i",Ink.t":zdh", island. When the Dutch came here chief without Inten-uPtimg him. Sud- story of the war The Long Island they were told of this and they called denl~the shrill whistle of a Sound tribes were drivei alcbng the north side the place Stooten Eylandt, which -Eteamer broke the charm. He looked of the island; at Nesaquake was a place means the island which was tossed. in the direction from whence the noise of slaughter; at Setauket they were The goose-band, living upon it fled over came. When he turned his eyes back scattered; at Unkechaug or Patchoag the pieces of land, which were pressed his bronze-color& friend had vanished. they fell into a -pit or snare; at in the Narrows, to the westerly end of The flrst signs of the new day ap- Eecatoag wm the hlding place of those our island, and drove my people away. peared. that remained of their number. They made a village there, which was He felt a chill run down his spine, The Maereckkaak established in their known as Maereckkaakwick; that is, his limbs were stiff and with dim- new territory a vlllage on the water- the place of the gray goose-band. culty he reached the boat, and rowed way now koown as Massapeaque RJver. Staten Island was later occupied by back to Sands Point Light. The cap- This place they called mrosse~ink. men of the Manhattan tribe, who tain spoke to his relatives about the Matsepe or Massapeaque; another one called it Aquehonga Monacknong; that adventure of that night. His wish was near the rocks off Cow Neck they name4 is, the abandoned place of the goose- fulfilled, the mysterywas solved. He Sintsink or Matinecoc. In 163% Mech- band. Westward from Staten Island, never again tried to flnd the rock. Not owodt, chief sachem of ~arossepin~. on the Jersey coast, lived one of the many years later he closed his eyes Slntslnk-and its dependencies. sold tho terrltorp of the tribe in Queens ' *SOhquornpuo-Falnthenrted. coward. *Land of those from the Sauthweat. ' CO-ty to the Dutch. The chiefs of Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND : ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 17

The dotted line on the map hdicates the boundq between the Souwenos and ~&tonwa&, which is identical with the S~ffffolkCounty line. However, the Matinecoc and Dfa-pague had, diving the War of 1643, reheated into the lamds of the Neraqde and Seeatow and remained in posrgsion of path of thew tncb. The Eartun tribes, on taking the four old Long Idand tribes uder their prottction, would have rent the invaders back to their own territories, but were probably prevented by the Engbh from doing so. For it wodd have established the tide of the Dutch to the territory of the town of Oyster Bay beyond a doubt, as the Dutch bad pdUed d the Lm& bdonging to the Matinecoc and hssp-e in 1639. But now there tribes occupied landr h Snffolk Coun~,to which they held no other title save by squatter-right, and the Engliuh acquired these lands. On the strength of thir pnrcbe the Eu&h codd lay to other lands held by the two tribes md on this base they conrtrncted their claim to parts of the town of Oyster Bay.

Maereckkaakwick sold their land within 1664, and Bedford in 1670. New leader of the Eastern tribes, abOut 1652, in the to-of BrooW~nin tBe folio-g Utrecht was again sold in 1662 by the he being the most trusted among the Year and the band removed to Najack, Maereck-kaak, Hempstead in 1643 etc. chiefs on the island, had to ap~endhid in the to- of New Utrecht. In 1643 &napaukah was the waterl&d of mark to most deeds for land wlthln the the War Out* and after Peace be- the Bears along the East River in the territory of the four Protected tribes, ing restored in 1645, SeySeY .ad two tcwn of hewtown, the later ':water- as well as on other places on the is- ather chiefs sold the land wlthm the side" or avenswciod. land. When Tackapousha was chosen town Of New Utrecht to Dutch and The Sinnecox confederation embraced chief sachem of the Western tribes, in the land along the south the Montauk, Shinnecock Corchaug 1656, the Secatoag formally joined their side* in Queem County, and we find and Manhasset tribes. ~hei;fist abode union; the CanarSee were re3uced bY them as Merric# or Merri- seems to have been the Corchaug ter; this tlme to a small number. In 1660 with at Hicks Beach- ntory; this name denotes "the old. Takapousha is called by the Dutch GeneralICieft a Par- When the plantation of Southold was the "Chief of the Savages on Long Is- Of land within the bomdfjof Mae- established it was named South Old land." In 1669 Governor Lovelace in- as 1639 to to describe its loation. The east- quires whether Takapousha, of Massa- as Beschers near - at tribes spread later out over the Pine peague, had a right to sell the lands of manus; tb land*however* bad been region and hecame then known as Sin- the Matinecoc, in 1643, and whether the purchased some years by necox. Their entire territory was late: Montauk chief, by conquest, had power viduals, the Indians. alM0,land ccvered by "the three Plantations to dispose of said lands. The Hemp- was granted Lubbertsen viz.: Easthampton, Southampton a'd stead people replied later, in 1671, that the Indian village; in 1641,. to Jan South Old, the last named including the Takapousha was ineted by the and Pieter Monfort next to Rmega- leter towns of &verhead and Shelter Matinecoc to sell them land, and the conck; in 1642, to Cornelius hrnbert- ~~l~~a. sale was confirmed by the Great Sa- sen Cool, at. Gowanus, and to claer The deed of the to- of ~a~th-p- chem of Montauk. About 1677 Taka- ~ornelissenSchouw, near the fern: in tm of 1648 was signed by the chiefs of pousha appeared before Governor An- lf43, to Wouter Van Twiller, at Red these four tribes; the chiefs are said dros for all the Indians, as far east as Hook, and to Jacob Wolphertse% near to have been brothers. In 1645 the Shin- Unkechau~:i. e. all except the four the Navy Yard, etc. r-ecock chief appeared before the Dutch Eastern trlbes. Indians On the end Governor, representing the four tribes The Indians applied the name Mat- the island and the hbesmd the neighboring weaker tribes, touwac to the island, the Dutch Ge- :?'led the Ma?reckkaak Canaraee Setauket, Nesaquake; Unkechaug and broken Land or Broken Land, is a Souwenos: e-* people the Secatoag which they had taken under translation of it. By an act passed In sc.uthwest and the territom occu~iedtheir prdtection. Three years later, in 1693 the name of Long Island was by them, Sowanohire;" i- 0.9 kmd of me the Easthampton deed, the Manhasset changed to Nassau, but this name be- Souwenos. The Dutch gave the name chief appears to be the leader, and came soon obsolete. of sewan or zewand to all shell money, after that SVganrfance the Montauk rhile the English used the word Warn- chief, takes this positidn, and he, re- pum. Thus the Dutch understood spected by the Indians, the English DUTCH lhMD ENGLISH CLAIM. Sowanohke or Suanhacky (Delaware) and the Dutch alike, held this place to denote the land of shell money, i. e. as long as he lived. mom the time of the earliest set- Sewanhacky, and the latter name aP- Thus the whites found the Indians tlement on Long Island until the SUP Pears on deeds for land in mi39 of the Island divided into three dis- render of the colony of New Nether- CounW of 1636. These deeds were for tinct parts. In Kings and Queens 1 land to the English, the western end tbree "flats" in the bay, called Caste- Counties were the Canarsee and Mae- the Island was within the jurisdic- teuw, and for land at Gowanus. In 1637 reckkaak, collectively known as Sou- tion of the ~~tch,whose cl- in- Governor's Island, Blackwell's Island, wenos and their territory as Sowan- cluded the to- of Oyster Bay, which Ward's Island and Rinnegaconck were ohke. The Canamee were divided into however, was disregarded bY purchased by individuals, and the first Canarsee proper and Rockaway; living purchase of land by the Govcmment; among them were the Mlspat and Ja- the maica bands. The mereckkaak wers The issued* In i. e., the West Indian ComDaay, was 1635* by order. Of I* letters made in 1638 for the territory of the known at first as Maereck or Maereck- patent to WlUiam* Earl of .Sterling town of Bushwick. kaak at Maereckkaakwlck, In ~h~ The Canarsee and Maereclrltaak sold County, and later as Merric or Merrl- for the entire Island. Sterllng their lands on the condition that theY coke, and Matinecock and Massapeague cuted in the year a Of were to be permitted to remain therein Queens County. In the western part attorney James Famet' on, to plant corn, to fish and hunt. of Suffolk County were the conquered Of lands On Long Island. years Certain parts were set aside for their tribes. known as Setauket, Nesaquake, later the died' who use, and through continued OcCupancY Unkechaug and SecatoFg. These and had succeeded him* him but they acquired a certain title to these the Mispat. and Jamaica bands wers a few months. Their heirs surrendered remons-by squatter rlght. When the probably the survtvors of the Matou- the grant for the Island to the land became more settled and these Wacs, who formerly had inhabited the The settlers On the end were sections were required for farm land, entire island. In the eastern part of left to themselves* and *gulated their the best thing for the whites to .do suffolk county were the Montauk, affairs accordingly. Purchaes land was to purchase these plots ag'am: Shinnecock Corchaug and Manhasset, Were made by the towns and were in this was done with Conorasset; i. e.. collectively' called Sinnecox; their ter- later years confirmed the governors the planting land of the Bears on Ja- ritory was called Paumanack. appointed by the Duke of York. Van maim Bay, by the town of Yamalca, The Maeieck+ak and the Canarsee der Donck says: In 1640 a Scotchman and with the greater portion of the scld their lands Independent from each claimed Long Island. In 1647 Cantain town of Middelburgh or New'tomn. The other; the deeds read: The Canarsee Andrew Forester Of Dundee, Scotland. Canarsee also sold, after tDey had re- chief sells, or else the chiefs of Mary- claimed Long Island for the Dowager tired to Staten Island, Sintsink; 1. e., kenwickinph sell; there was no com- of Sterling. In 1660 Charles 11 ascended Hellgate Neck (not to be confounded munion among these two tribes. When the throne of England. and Winthmp, with the Sintsink of the Maercckkaak), Wyandance of Montauk became the the Governor of the Colony of Connec- 2 18 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND ; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

ticut, was sent to England to obtain POLITICAL DIVISION OF THE County. Kings and Queens Counties a charter. In 1662 he received a char- were named in compliment to King ter covering the territories of the colo- ISLAND. Charles and his wife. Staten Island nies of Connecticut and New Haven, was made a county by itself and named and now the colony which became later After the surrender of New Nether- Richmond. Richmond was the title of known as Connecticut Colony, laid land to the British, Long Island was a son of Charles. claim to Long Island, as being one of incorporated with the Colony of New In 1788 the towns were recognized by the islands adjacent. the laws of the newly established State In 1664, in the month of January. York. In 1665. Governor Nicolls called of .New Pork. The division of the

Maior~ ..-... John~-- Scott -~~ came~ to Lon~Island toaether delemtes of the several towns Island into three counties, made in with some royal authority, and-formed to-meet at ~Gmpstead. At thisassem- 1683, remained in force until Greater a combination of the English villages- bly Long Island and Staten Island were New York City came into existence, Hempstead, Gravesend, Flushing, New- ' created into a "shire" cailed Yorkshire, which took in. of Long Island territory, town, Jamaica and Oyster Bay-with and the Duke's laws were formulated Kings County and a large part of himself as president. On March 12, 1664, at this occasion. Yorkshire was di- Queens County. In 1899 Queens County Charles I1 granted, by letters patent, vided into three ridings like its name- was divided. The part included within to his brother, James, the Duke of sake in England. These were divisions the greater city retained the old name Pork, the country occupied by the of territory for the convenience of the Queens County and the remainder was Dutch, together with Long Island. The courts, implied in the Saxon word "try incorporated as the County of Nassau. Duke appointed Colonel Richard Nic- I things." long since called ridings. The LONG ISLAND'S POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. Year. Kings. Queens. Suffolk. 1698 2,013 3,565 2,679 1703 1.915 4.392 3.346

1880 599:495 901574 53;888 1690 838,547 128,059 62.491 Tear. Kines. Queens. Nassau. Suffolk. 011s governor, and to him New Nether- I "shires" in England were also 'called land was surrendered by the Dutch on ! counties, because they were governed August 27, 1664. by a count or earl. The word shire is derived from Anglo-Saxon "sciran" to cut or divide, and means "division." THE BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN. "York" is derived from "Ure" and THE ENGLISH TOWNS. "wic." Ure was the name of a art of The Borough of Brooklyn comprisW as "Ouse." "Wic" the territory of the Counry of Kings, Lyon Gardiner was the first settler Anglo-Saxon the one of the three original counties ot on the eastern end of the Island, locat- the old Roman Long Island. Until eighty years ago ins- on Gardiner's Island in 1639. South- Kings County was the least among ole zne Southampton were settled in The several tcwns hzd cp to this tirre these, not only in area, but also in 1640, Easthampton in 1648, Shelter existed without having their bounda- population, as may be noticed from the ries properly fixed. The settlers of a following list, containing the number of Island in 1652, Oyster Bay and Hun- district came together from time to inhabitants at various times. tington in 1653, Brookhaven in 1655 and time to regulate their local affairs, and Kings. Queens. Suffolk. Smithtown in 1663. Each town was these men, associated for the purpose 1698 ...... 2,013 3,565 2,679 in the beginning a colony by itself, in- of government, constituted the town. 1749.. . . . 2.283 8.040 9,384 Now the towns were recognized and ...... dependent of each other.' After a few were required to take out patents for years they voluntarily - placed them- the lands within their boundaries. selves under the protection of the New which the towns themselves, or else the The population of Kings County was England colonies. Southamgton ob- West India Company, had purchased thus: in 1698, 2,013; in 1800, 5,740. and taied, in 1644, the protection of Con- the Indians- / After the reconquest of the colony by in 1840, 47,613. The increase was very necticut: Easthampton in 1657, Brook- ' the DU~C~,in 1673, the I~~~~~came soon slow outside the limits of the two later haven in 1659 and Huntington in 1660- , again into the possession of the Eng- cities of Brooklyn and Williamsburgh. Southold united, in 1648, with the New i lish by treaty. and the Duke of York Of the 5,740 inhabitants in 1800, 3,298 Haven colony, together with Shelter obtained a new patent for the province resided in Brooklyn, and of the 47,613 Island. When the colonies of New of New Pork in 1674. in 1840, 36,233 resided in Brooklyn and Haven and Connecticut were united. The present Suffolk County had con- 5.094 in Williamsburgh; and the number ir, 1662, and a new charter was granted, stituted tbe East Riding. Hempstead of people living outside of these two including in the territory "the islands I Flushing, Jamaica and Oyster Bay the centers of population was in 1800, 2,442; adjacent," Connecticut claimed Long North Riding, and the present Kings and in 1840, 6.286. Island as one of these islands. This County, Newtown and Staten Island A description of the other towns with- claim had the support of the eastern the West Riding. In 1675 Stateil Island in the county in the year 1700 closely towns. Oyster Bay also placed itself m7ns senarated from the West Ridine. fits the state of things in 1800. In 1700 under the protection of Connecticut. In 1683 tks flrst General Assembly the land was nearly all under cultiva- The other English towns on the west- of the colony met and repealed some of tion; a century later some of the farms ern end, within the Dutch jurisdiction, the Duke's laws, the ridings, also, were had been divided, and the number of were trying to join this union. and then abolished, and the Island was re- inhabitants had correspondingly in- the grant of 1664 to the Duke of Pork divided into three counties, viz., Kings, creased. During the first four decades was made, and in the same year the Queens and Suffolk. The town of New- of the nineteenth century, the popula- Colony of New Netherland was sur- town, formerly a part of the West Rid- tion rose more rapidly, viz.: from 5,740 rendered to the English. ing, was now made a part of Queens in 1800 to 47,613 in 1840, yet this. ln- Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 19 - ereare was mainly caused by the influx) the Netherlands, at the time when each I caused no doubt the application of the of people into Brooklyn and Williams-, settlement was begun, as Breukelen, i name Grenewijck to this region, from burgh, where ropewalks and factories 4mersfo01-t~Gravesend, New Utrecht. / grensn (fir) and wijck (quarter, districr had been built: the other towns were1 Middelburgh. etc. When settlements refuge, retreat). On Van der Donck's still farming- districts. 1 were started by single settlers locating / map of New Netherland. 1656. is a Indian footpaths connected the shores here, nobody thought of selecting names settlement marked ~reewijck,on the of the East River and Jamaica Bay. for the same-they were dots in an im- site of the later New Utrecht. Several They followed the line of least resist- mense wilderness-but within a short other localities received their names ance. through the flats or level lands. time localities became known by spe- from this same word "grenen," as which had been the cornfields of the cific names. These names described the Greenpoint, from grenen punt or grenen location of a settlement. generally noint- Indians for many years, and these flats i hout-punt. Grenen Berghen, the hills the white men were eager to possess. ing out some peculiar feature of the forming the boundary line between the Along one trail settlements were estab- ground, which served as a landmark. Towns of Newtown and New Lots, lished which we:: known as "het veer" Thus the present Flatlands was called were anglicized into Green Hills or or "The Ferry, Breukelen, Bedford, "bouwery." or district of Achtel'velt, i.e., Cypress Hills; the cemeteries located Middelwoud and Nieuw An~crsfoort; the bowery or plantation in the rear. upon them, viz., Cypress Hills and the along another trail the Boswijck and meaning in the rear of the hills, from Cemetery of the Evergreens, arb trans- "het kruispad" settlements came into achter, behind, and feld. field. lations of the original Dutch name, botb existence. In 1636 several settlers bought One of the landmarks considered by having the same meaning. Bennett lands from the Indians in Flatlands, the Dutch of greatest importance, was and Bentyn's reasons for selecting the Flatbush and probably in Brooklyn. In 1638 - .. the West India ComoanvA -- ourchased i the territory-if the town of ~ushwick and during the following two years the remainder of Kings and all of Queens county. The Indians had been friendly toward the settlers, and persuaded by them to do so, refused to pay any longer tribute to the Mohawks. They were attacked by the latter and were nearly extermi- nated. In the uprising against the Dutch in 1643 they sustained further losses, epidemics also reduced their numbers. When the second uprising of the In- dians in the colony occurred, in 1655, some of the settlers on the Long Island side of the East River wished to attack their red-skinned neighbors and to drive them from their planting lands. The remnant of the Canarsee tribe disposed of the lands which were in their possession, and which they claimed to own, and removed across the Narrows to Staten Island, and after a few years to other parts. The last one of the Can- arsee~~-~-~ tribe~~ died about 1800. until 1636 the territory of the present Eorough of Brooklyn had been a wilder- DE SEERE GRACHT,OR GRAFT,ABOUT 1645. ness of marshes, hills and woods; a few "olains" with waterwavs on two sides werepcultivated by the Indians. Such a forest of fir trees; it must be remem- Gowanus region for a plantation may plains were situated between Gowanus bered that the Netherlands depend, even 1 be found not only in the condition of Creek and the Walboght: Gowanus to this day, upon other countries for 1 the ground, but clso in the nearness Creek and East River: Newtown timber. The low lands do not produce1 of the wooded ridges of New Utrecht; Creek and Bushwick Creek; Bedford strong and tall trees, and they have al- as the settlers needea building material Creek and Gerretsen's Creek. They ways had a great need of such trees, to erect houses, palisades, fences, etc. were traversed by the Indian trails from suitable for masrs and planks for aeir The Dutch settlements originated by river to bay. There seem to have been many s'aips, as well as for budding ma- individuals settling in a certain nelgh- a few white squatters located on the' terial. Thousands of majestic fir trees, borhood, each one by himself, and as western end of the island then, but doc- taken from the Black Forest, are an- these settlers became more numerous umentary nroofs are lacking. nually floated down the Rhine to sup- the Director General appointed magis- It has been the general belief that, ply the demands of the Netherlands. trates, with more Or less power, as he the towns founded under the Dutch on The wooded ridges on the northern judged proper in each case, without Long Island were named after towns in I border of the Town of New Utrecht, any uniformity as to their number Or I 20 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. title Of omce. Their duty was to see Flatlands; Boswijck and New Utrecht TOWN OF BROOKLYN. that the fields were fenced and the were, therefore, made a separate dis- 1 fences kept in repair, to open a com- trict, under the appellation of "The Five More than fifty years ago the theory mon road through the settlement, to Dutch Towns." A register was com- ' became generally accepted that the erect a blockhouse or other public missioned by the Governor for this dis- towns of Breukelen, Amersfoort and bullding, to attend to the division of trict, to take the proofs of all docu- New Utrecht were named after towns the lands, which were held in com- ' in the Netherlands. The three names ments, which were required to be re- , man. provide for the security of the corded at the "O5ce of Records," in appear on the map of the Netherlands, settlement and decide all differences. New Pork City, where certificates were in the neighborhood of Amsterdam, as Cases in which sums of fifty guilders issued with the seal of this omce. This well as on the map of New Netherland, or over were in dispute could be ap- was continued until 1690. The Five near New Amsterdam. Believing that pealed to the Director General and ~utchTO-s also formed an ecclesi- the first chapter of the story was lack- Council. astical society, and joined in the Sup- Ing, the writer has tried to lind the During the first Indian War the &at- port of their ministers until the colle- missing part. After the settlement be- tered farmers had been advised by giate system was abolished, about the tween Gowanus Cove and the Wal- Kieft to concentrate themselves, in end of the eighteenth cent- boght had become known as Breukelen, 1644, and again in.1645. After the second 1, 1840 the Town of W~lliamsburgh the other places were later named, so outbreak of troubles Stunesant issued was separated from Bushwick, and On as to have three towns near New Am- an order on January 18, 1656, that vil- January 1, 1852, the City of Williams- sterdam, corresponding to those near lages were to be formed in the sp~ngburgh came into existence. In 1852 the Amsterdam. to reduce the danger of Indian attacks. T~~~ of N~~ LO~Swas separated from The first settlements in the colony of On, February 9. 1660, the fhal order matbush On January 1 1855. the New Netherland had been made under came to the farmers to remove their cities of'Brooklyn and Wiiliamsburgh "Patroons," and iia Manors of Zwaan- houses, goods and cattle before the and TO- of ~ushmckwere con- lzst of March or at the latest by middle endal, Pavonia and Renselaerwijck had of April to the villages or settlements solidated, and incorporated as the City been granted in 1630 and 1631. This feudal system was abolished in 1638 nearest or most convenient to them, or ~9~~~ynann~~~8\~h~h~'",i,"~,Nf"~ with the previous approval of the Dt- and the privilege to hold and culti~ate rector General to a favorably situated lowed, in 1894, by the Towns of Flat- land in allodial proprietorship was ex- Flatlands, New Utrecht and tended to everybody, Dutchmen and zzesend. On January 1.1898. Brook- ~~~1~~~ foreigners alike. Whosoever should con- fa^^^^^^ :gZe," lm hecame a borough of the City Of all those who shall apply shall be vey besides himself five grown persons and granted suitable lots bY New Pork. to New Netherland was to be recog- ~h~ taxable property of the five nized as a Colo'nist and could occupy the Director and Council who would was at thus be better able to brotect their Dutch Towns in 200 acres of land. If such settlements g?od subjects in case of any dfffjculty f201319* and taxed at per of colonists should increase, municipal vlth the -el barbarians. ~h~ last pound. The tax amounted to l?Ol5 guil- government was promised. Manhattan clause Of the order led to the forma- Island had been reserved to the West 2; t:: ~~tu~~~9,$2f~~'it. ::.gIndia Company. Staten Island and the tion of Boswijck Village. The The planters brought the produce of pound, Jersey coast formed the Manor of Pa- their farms to heere gracht., on taxable ~ropert~in Kings County jn vonia. The latter territory was bought Manhattan Island, to which place also back from the Patroon by the West In- the Indians came with peltries, l'$!h~~~&~~:i $%:$: in KmgS dia Company, but was reserved for change these for things needed. County consisted, in 1700, ?f 280. men, that corporation's special Purposes. gracht or graft was an inlet of the and in 1715 of 255 men. lncludlng a The land on the Long Island stde of East River, which extended, nearly Of horse" Of 52 men* the East River was now purchased paralleling mitehall street and Broad- he population of Kings County was. from the Indians for the purpose of way, to Wall street along the line of In' starting plantations of moderate size. present ~~~~d street: its water rose 1698...... 2,013, including 296 blacks These plantations were tnaugurated and fell with the tides as far as EX- 1703..-.-.. 1,915 under conditions totally different from change place. The canal was crosse$ 1712 ...... 1,925 those under which the manors had near its mouth, at "De Brugh st-t. :79----v"2,218, including 444 blacks come into being. Instead of paying a 2,150, including 492 blacks and "B~~~~~~now Bridge and 1731...... fee-farm rent to the patroons, the Stone streets, by a large bridge, and lC3i"i'...... 2.348, including 574 blacks farmer received land as "a free loan:" farther up by smaller stone bridges. 1749...... 2,283, including 783 blacks i. e.. they became the owners of the Near the river shore were the store- 1756...... 2,707, including 845 land, subject to a quit-rent, consisting houses of the West India Company. lm...... 3.623, including 1,162 blacks of the tenth of the produce of their Here, too, was the anchorage mound. 1786 ...... 3,986 farms, payable-annually to the West where all vessels had to unload. The 1790...... 4,495 India Company, after -they had the boats of the planters were dram up 1800...... 5,740 plantatipns under cult~vation for ten the sides of the gracht and the farm 1810...... 8,303 years. produce was sold from the boats. The 1820...... 11~18~ While the patroons had procured as banks Of the gracht formed the mar- 1825...... 14,679 many planters for their lands as they ket place of the colony until 1656, and 1830.. - .. 20,535 possibly could, still the greatest part the bridge was the commercial center. 1835...... 32,057 of their immense tracts lay waste, and De Kermis or "annual fair." lasting ten 1840...... 47,613 would have remained in that state for days, in the fall of the yezr. nas iilau- 1845 ...... 78,691 a long time to come. Now, by grant- gurated in 1648. From the gracht ex- 1850...... 138,882 smaller parcels to the settlers, the tended "de smit's vly," or "tho srnithVs 1855...... 216,355 West India Company had reason to ex- UZLt." along tho shore to the Long IS- 1860 ...... 219,122 pect better results, for each farmer was land Ferry, at Peck's Slip. 1865 ...... 311,090 . bound to cultivate hL land or else for- when the ridings were created, 1870...... 419~9~1 iett-it. Grav~sendwas made the shire to- of l"75...... 509,154 The Dutch word for manor or loan the mest Riding. This community had 1880...... 599~~~~ is "leen," and the one for tenant is been founded by Englishmen, and was 1890...... 838,547 "bruyker"; "bruykleen" means "a free the only town In the later ~i~~ 1900...... -1,166,582 loan, given to a tenant or user for a County with which the English Gov- 1910...... -1.634.36' Bushwick certain consideration." The name ernor could transact official bus;..,ess iz After ~illiamsburgh Bruykleen was given to this experl- his own language. In 1668 the severalhad been consolidated with Brcioklw mental colony, started under the new towns in the West ~idi~~were as- the population of Kings County in regulations, because the planters were sessed for a Sessions House, to be WaS as follows : to be the owners of the land., subject erected at Gravesend, as follows: ~~~~klyn,First to Twelfth Wards.148~~~~to the quit rent, which was to be paid Brooklyn (Williamsburgh). Thlr- to the West India Company. Bruyk- teenth to Sixteenth Wards- ..... 481367 ,-.ravesend ...... leen was the name of the original Ifs 2 Brooklyn (Bll~hwlck), Seven- 8,1°9 Dutch colony on Long Island, the name Newtowne ...... 26 2 3% teenth to Eighteenth Wards .... Bushwick ...... 3.280 Breukelen was adopted in remembrance Amersfoort ...... 13 19 ...... of the old Netherlands town, when a Bruycltlyn ...... 15 1L Flatlands village was formed in 1645. At this plat Bush Gravesend ...... lg ...... time an order was issued by the Col- New Utrecht ...... 27730 lege of the XIX to the colonists, to New Utrecht ...... 7 .. New Lots ...... 2.261 Staten Island ...... 6 14 i& - establish themselves on some of the -- - - ...... most suitable places in towns, hamlets Total ...... £110 .. Total .216,355 and villages, "as the English are in .. In the sketches of the several towns the habit of doing." In Kieft's com- The other settlements carried on the population, number of houses, etc., mission or brief of 1646 the name ap- their legal affairs in the Dutch tongue. nf a century ago-census of 18l&are pears as Breuckelen, in the Nicolls Breukelen, which was now named Riven fir thk sa'ke of comparison with charter of 1667 as Brueckelen. On va- Brookland; Midwout, now called Flat- present day conditions: also, the num- rious other documents we find: bush; Nieuw Anaersfoort, now called ber of inhabitants in 1835 and 1840. Breucklyne, Bruecklyn. Breucklyn. Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND I DEVELOPMENT. 21

Breuklen, Broockeland. Broockland, hadlets and villages, as the English nelis Van Tienhoven, on March 11, Brookland, Braycklandt, Breuk Land, are in the habit of doing." 1647, for a pieca of land which had Bruckland, Breuklin, Bruckline, After peace was restored, in August, kcen surveyed bjr the SUN~~O~,Adrian Bruycklyn, etc. 1645, a number of small farms came Hudde for Jan Aertsen, and the latter The first purchase of land in the into existence on both sides of the old had failed to improve the land, the town of Brooklyn is supposed to have Indian trail. To this distinct settle- location is described 3s follows: "Situ- been made at Gowanus, about 1636; the ment the name Breukelen was now ate in the allotment of Breukelen, for- deed, however, has been lost. In 1639, applied. and in June, 1646, the merly called Marechkawick." Thomas Bescher sold to Cornelis Lam- Director General and Council issued About 1657 the lots in the settlement pertsen Cool a plantation formerly oc- were reduced from small farms to cupied by Jan Van RotteFdam. Jan. house and garden lots and a more being indebted to the West India cnmpact village was established. Company at the time of his death, the Thompson remarks in his History of U~ngIshnd that there are on record land reverted to the company. The myreferences to a general town name of that locality was probably de- patent granted to Breukelen by Stuy- rived from Cowanes--briar, Genista vesant in 1657. tinctoria, a shrub used for dying pur- On February 3, 1660, an ordinance poses. The point of land on the south was passed in relation to the establish- side of Gowanus Bay was called by the ment of villages, and it became now Dutch 't Gheele Hoek, the later Yel- compulsory for the farmers to remove low Hook, probably on account of the to the villagas. Stuyvesant's order great abundance of yellow blossoms on says: We have war with the In- these bushes, which may have attract- dians, who hare slain several of our ed the attention of the man who named Netherland people." An order of Feb- this piece of land, or else they trans- ruary 23, 1660, reads as follows: lated the name used by the 1ndians into THE GOWANUS STONE HOUSE. "Whereas it is highly necessary that their own language. T roode hoek, or the lately formed villages of Breuke- Red Hook, may have received its VIEW IN 1848. len and Utrecht be surveyed, enclosed name for similar reasons. Roode Hoog- with palisades, and put in a good state ties, or Red Heights, was the name of of defense as quickly as possible. an elevated ground on Red Hook. a proclamation, wherein they said therefore the Director General and Rhode Island is supposed to have been that "whereas on May 21st, Jan ~vert: Council have hereby specially commis- named ?y Adriaen Block, "de roode sen Bout and Euyck Aertsen from Ros- sioned and authorized the Honorable sum, were unanimously chosen by thosn Nicasius de Sille, Councillor and Fiscal eylandt, on account of the redness of interested in Breukelen, situate on of New Netherland, to have this nec- Long Island, as schepens to decide all essary work quickly done, using all questions which may arise, as they possible means and making such ar- sfiall deem proper, according to the Ex- rangements thereto as he shall think emptions of New Netherlands, granted best for the ~ublicgood and the inhab- to particular colonies, which election is itants espec$lly." - subscribed by them, with express stip- The motto in the corporation seal of uation that it anyone refuse to submit Brooklyn, "Eendraght maakt maght," in the premises aforesaid to the ab~ve-is a free translation of the Latin motto mentioned Jan Evertsen and Euyck in the seal of the Re~ublicof the Seven Aertsen, he shall forfeit the right he United Provinces o? Holland: "Con- clzrims to land in the allotment of cordia res parvae crescunt," which lit- Breukelen, and in order that eery erally means "By unity little things thing may be done with more author i~crease." The motto in its Dutch form ity, we, the Director and Council afore- is found as early as 1556 in the coat Of said, have therefore authorized and ap- arms of William the Silent, Prince of THE OLD DE HART OR BE= HOUSE, p~intedand do hereby authorize the Orange. When the Republic of the said Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen Seven United Provmces of Holland was Near 36th Street, Gowanus. View in 1863. to be schepens of Breukelen, qnd in formed, in 1579, William of Orange was case Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen invited to become its leader. do hereafter Ibd the labor too onerous. The Dutch mctto in the seal of the foliage at the time of his visit to they shall be at liberty to select two Erooklyn proves that the seal .came thi3 neighborhood. Red Hook in more from among the inhabitants of into use during the Dutch administra- Dutchgss County is said to have been Breukelen to adjoin them to them- tion, as its adoption in later years named Roode Hoek by the Dutch on selves. We charge and command every would have brought the displeasure of account of a marsh near by being covered with ripe cranberries. when flrst seen. In 1637, Kakapoteyno, "the Crow," and Penhawis, as owners of the district, sold to Joris Jansen de Rapdie? a piece of iand at the Kaiboght, diea Rinnegaconk, from woonkag-onck- "at the croolced place;" 1. e., at tho bend. In 1640, Director General Kieft granted to Frederick Lubbertsen the land at Werpos, between.Red Hook and The Ferry. The Cripplebush Patent was granted in 1654 to settlers located at the Walboght; at Bedford a settlement was started in 1663; some of the Canarsee chiefs, who had removed to Staten Island, laid claim to the land, and the town of Brooklyn purchased it from them. Bedford is probably anglicized from Bestevaar; i. e., grandsiw ' or Old man ('s place), named thus after BOme patriarch who was tilling the ground bere, before the land was acquired by the town, in 1663; Marcus du Susov had a ~lantationnear this re- I gion; in the iripplebush. Iltpetonga; I. e., high sandy bank, mas, according FREEI(E'S MILL, WITH YELLOW MILL IN DISTANCE. to Schoolcraft, the Indian name of Brooklyn Heights. 1643, inhabitant of Breukelen to acknowl any one of the English Governors upon During the Indian uprising of edge and respect the above-mentioned tbe town. Thus the seal must have most of the plantations on Long Island Jan Evertsen and Huyck Aertsen as been created by Stuyvesant, for under were destroyed, the houses burned down their scbeyens, and if anyone shall be his rule a voluntary adoption of it end many people were slain. The home found to exhibit contumaciousness to- was out of question: all matters of th!s government urged the Director General wards them he shall forfeit his share kind were regulated by the authorl- and Council to do all in their power to as above stated. On December 1st of ties on Manhattan Island. The be- induce the colonists to "establish them- the same year Jan Teunissen was ap- stowal of the motto in tho seal of the selves on some of the most suitable ~0intedSchout of Breukelen. and thus F'atherland unon the settlement shows places, with a certain number of in- ide ti- was established, i6 1646. In that the fo-&dhg of the Bruykleen habitants, in the manner of towns, the patent granted to Secretary Cor- I -rr,lcny mas looked upon by the Gov- 22 Eagle Library--LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

ernor as b?ginning a new New Amsterdam, made in 1653, that the1year, Breukelen, Amersfoort and id- In the colonlzatlon Of New Netherland- city should have a seal, wrote to Stuy-/ wout obtained full mmicipal govern- In the absence '* positive proof, cir- VeSant: "We have decreed that a seal czmstantinl evidence is and ment. Breukelen had now four schep- for the City of New Amsterdam shall ens instead of two, Midwout had three, thus it must be remembered that Stuy- be prepared and forwarded." The seal 'want in is'ued an Order directing Kmersfoort two, and there was a su- FaS sent across the sea, and in De- perior District Court, composed of from their ex- cember Of the same year the Director posed and them- de!egates from each town court, to- . selves within the neighboring towns. General delivered to the presiding Bur- gether wlth the schout. Crigier, the Painted The face of the country in the town He then laid out Bushwick naming it I gOmater7 Mart. G'Eosmijck.,, This name si.&fies a col- i "Oat of arms with the seal of New dm- cf Brooklyn was broken and uneven, leetion of small things, packed close I Srerdam and tho silver Signet, which the soil of various qualities, along the together (bas) and refuge (wijck). 1 Was Sent by the Directors. This inti- New York Bay considerably stony, but Ealatbush, also settled under Stuyve- dent may have caused Stuyvesant to favorable for apriculture, and the gen- sant, but prior to Bushwick, was i Create also a seal for the Bruykleen era1 character of the soil rather light, known as 't Vlakkebos, and also as!"U1cny. though productive. Breukelen, the ~~dd~~~~~~or ~~~~~~t.~h~ first 1 In response tr~a letter of Adrian nzme Of the town in ;he Netherlands, nzme means a collection of small (Eegeman, Secretary of the Courts of denotes "marshy land, and is also ap- things packed close together on the l Midwout, Amersfoort, Breukelen and propriate for the site of the orlginal plain and the second name means I Nc+w Utrecht, Stuyvesant issued an or 11ongIsland village. The name Brook- surr,iundedby forest. ~h~ two worda 1 der on February 14, 1664, "to take care land was applied by the English to seem to have formed a name th&t no deed or mortgage of any piece thf town, it being a free translation of in the earliest days. The motto in;Of land, house or lot be passed. of th~Dutch name. The towa of Breuke- len was organized in 1646, Brooklyn village was incorporated as a fire district in 1801, and as a village in 1816, and the City of Brooklyn in 1834. Be- sides Breukelen there were other settlements within the town limits, known as Gowanis or Gowanus, Bedford, Kreupelbosch or Cripplebush, Het Veer Or the Ferry, Walboght or Wallabout, Koode Hoek or Red Hook, Gbeele Hoek or Yellow Hook, and in later times there were sections known as South Brooklyn. North Brooklyn, East Brook- lyn, West Brooklyn and New Brook- lyn. The Dutch church was organized in 1660, when the population consisted of 134 persons, in thirty-one families. The congregation used a barn for a place of worship until 1666, wben a church edifice was erected in the middle of the tcwn road. A new structure was built on the same site in 1706, a third one on Joralemon street in 1810, which was replaced by a fourth one on the same ' site; this. too, has been removed and :Lo church has been transplanted to another section. -4s early as 1642 a rowboat ferry was operated by Cornelis Dircksen between SECOND BREUmEN aUBCHEDIFICE, ERECTED 1706. Wanhattan Island and Long Island, -- with landing places on both shores on ground owned by this farmer. In 1654 the seal "Eendraght maakt maght" is1which no proper patent can be pro- the municipal government of New Am- usually translated Unity makes1duced, so that our good inhabitants sterdam took 3ver the control of the strength. Still, we have seen that the/ may not be cheated and misled, for ferry, and in 1699 a new ferry house motto is a free translation of the Latin deeds and mortgages of property for was erected by the corporation at the motto, which literally translated means which no patent has been issued are Long Island shore. The illustration "BY unity little things increase." The null and void. Ic passing deeds. nlort- shows the little ferry house and the man who selected the phrase for the1 gages, etc., you will use the sf,al sent new stone building, the barn and the seal's motto would also coln the names herewith untll further orders. This cattle pen. In 1707 new landing places of Boswijck and Midwout. The phrase-/ Probably was the seal later known as were established on the New Pork side. ology is very similar. 1 the seal of the City of Brooklyn, but On Mondays and Thursdays the boats In 1654 the Directors of the West originally used for all the territory Of landed at Countess Key (Maiden lane), India Company at Amsterdam, refer: 1 the Bruykleen colony. on Tuesdays and Fridays at Burgher's ring to a request of the burghers or1 In the month of April of the same I path (Hanover square), and on

FERRY LANDING, LCNG ISLAND, 1740. Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 23 - -- tvednesdays and Saturdays at Coenties I 1706 at f3,112, an2 the tax amounted to I In 1659 Stuyvesant appointed Jan To- &-a &-a 1717 two ferries wcre sstab- L41; the valuation in 1810 was $1,115,- massen to the office of Sergeant, to 1ished;rcrning from the original Long 1 =S; in 1824 it was $2,600,000, and the tax / keep order in the village, and Jacob lsland landing, the present Fulton : rrinounted to $7 000; in 1834 the valua- Van Corlear was soon after made the street, the one was called the Kassau 1 tion was $7,257,h3. 1 Secretary of New Utrecht. In the fall Ferry, which carried passengers as well of 1659, when a renewal of troubles as goods and cattle to the three slips 1 with the Indians was expected, the Fis- mentioned; the other, called the New i I cal gave order to fortify his house, ~ork~erry, conveyed only passengers I TOWN OF NEW UTRECHT. /which was the only one within the and goods to the slip at Burgher's path , town haviiig a tileu roof. 'I'he nouse, and to "the great dock'' at Broad! Cornelis Van Werckhoven, a director / forty-two feet long together with the Longstreet,, Island the former E'crr~housel "heeregracht." erected The ) of the West India Company, purchased I garden was now s;rrounded with high was burned In 1 on November 22, 1652, from seiseu and set close together as a by / Mattano, chiefs and owners, the terri- 1 place of refuge for the to-&people. incendiaries about 17471 and a new I tory of the later town of New Utrecht, On pebruary 6, 1660, stuyvesantvisited st(bne erected in 17" by "as the same has previously been the corporation Of New 1 the village in company of the ~h-1; used as a tavern and was knownIt was as '1 bought on behalf of the Honorable I the latter had given to the tom a flag "the Corporation house"; this building, ~'f:,"a~~d~n~etf~fwhich payment was of the Prince of Orange, which was was destroyed by fire in 1812. On December 1 of now hoisted on a pole in the center York ferry established in 2s the same Year he secured from Mat- of the village. The mottoes in the later discofitinned and only one ferry tanO, Mattaveno and Cossikan, on be- Prince's coat-of-arms and in the seal line was running for many years. In half of themselves and as attorneys of the Bruyckleen Colony being iden- Ti'i4, three ferries were established, one / for all other inhabitants and supposed tical, the hoisting of the flag repre- to Coenties Slip, another tc Fly Slip !owners of the land now come into the sented the salute of the Long ~sland (Maiden.lane), and a third to Peck Slip, I Colony to the Director General. the orig~na! site of the ferry. On February 23, the Fiscal was au- Long Island side were now for some thorized to have the lately formed vil- gears two landmg-places, one at "The lages of Breukelen and New Utrecht Old Ferry" and another at present At- I scrveyed, enclosed with palisades, and lantic avenue, at Philip Livingstone's Put in a good state of defense. Per- Whrf. "The New Ferry" from Main suaded by some of their fellowmen. street, Brooklyn, to Catherine street, the people of New Utrecht tried to h-ew York, was opened in 1795. delay the work, and the Fiscal asked William Aarianse Bennett, one of the the Director General to send over, as first settlers, erected his ho~seon Gow- promised, some of the company's ne- anus Cove; it was destroyea during the groes, to Co the work. This was grant- India11 War Of l6G; on its foundations ed two days later, and the palisades was later the Schermerhorn Mansion were cut and set up. A blockhouse erected. The De Hart or Bergen house, was now ordered to be erected in the ir, the same neighborhood, was bqilt -. - center of the village, and a public some thirty yeala after the dastruc- well dug, also a pound to be construct- tion of the Bennett house. The Vechte NLTON FERRY. 1840. ed for the cattle which may have Curtelyou or Gowanus stone house, was committed damage to any person. To built in 1699. The Debevoise mansion. the end that the village might be standing near the church, and later possession of Van Werckhoven by the quicker and built up it was or- kllown as the Duffield house, was de- foregoing act, their promise "to remove &red that whosoever be ready to stroyed by lire In 1857:. In the rear immediately from the land now occu- build, have a preference of the house was the burial place of the pied by them, Naieck-" After Uuffield family. The Gowanus choice, even notwithstanding such per- starting a settlement at Nayack, which son's chance may have fallen to a dif- Mill" and the Yellow Hook Mill were is called .,GFeewyck" on Van der burned in 1776 by the British. The ferent lot. Such plantations in the ~~~~~~s Mill was the oldest mill map, .Van went town. which were not as yet fenced, structure in the town, others were the to with the intention Of re- as well as village lots, were to be ~~d HOO~,~~l~~~, Luqueefs and Rem- turning. He died, however, there in fenced. In the same year a horse-mill sen mills. The last mentioned stood at 1655- which had been in use in New Amster- or near tile site of the tide mill, built Jacques Corteleau, the tutor of Van dam was purchased and set up near & an early period at the head of Wal- Werckhoven's Son, asked the Director the blockhouse. On December 22, 1661, latout Bay. The Rapalje Mansion, General and Council on January 16. the town received a village charter. near the ferry, built of stone, was 1657, as the agent Of the helrs of Car- Adrian Hegeman, the successor of taken down in 1.S16. The old Rem Lef- nelis Van .Werckhoven, for permission Schout Tonneman, took charge of New ferts house, at Bedford, was torn down "to establish a village on Long ?land, Utrecht, together with Breukelen. Mid- In 1840, the Leffert Lefferts house. near on the bay of the North aver. His wout and Amersfoort, and Jan Tomas- by in 1877 and the Nicholas Bloom request being granted, he laid out and sen Rutger Josten and Jacob Hella- hoilse, which stood near these two Lef- surveyed the place, dividing it into ker; were appointed Commissaries. ferts houses and had come into the twenty lots of twenty-five morgen each. Van Corlear was directed to hand over !)cssession of Leffert Lefferts in 1791, The village was named New Utrecht, to the Schout all documents relating to was Cemolished in 1909. The land Oc- in honor of Van XVerclcnoven's birth- h-ew Etrecht. On August 24 1662 the cupied by the Navy Yard was ceded place. Nicasius de Sille, the Fiscal or Commissaries asked that th; meLdow by the State of New Pork to the Fed- Attorney General of New Netherland, land be divided between the village eral Government in 1807. was among the settlers; he built his and Nayack. In 1810, Brooklyn had a po~ulatio~house here in 1657, which stood for two In a letter dated April 26. 1664, and of 4,402, and there were 400 houses, 50 to ~.~turies;in this building General addressed to the Directors of the West 60 ships (brigs and schoonei:& dzzz woodhull expired from his wounds in India Company, at Amsterdam, Stuy- annually at its wharves, vesant states: "Concerning the set- were then 6 grain or tide 3 ma@- zines for storage of gunpowder sev- 17ciuyvesant granted on August 27, tling and securing of both Long and eral distilleries ropewalks >Epis- 1657, to the newly begun village of New Staten Islands, near the Narrows, the cogal stone ch;rch, Dutch Utrecht, one hundred and thirty mar- orders have been carried out some time stcne church, , Methodist church 1 gen of meadowland "on the east hook ago, by forming hamlets on both is- poor house, market houses, constr;ct- of the bay of the ,North- River, OPPo- lands. The village of New Utrecht was ed of wood, anil situated on the open site Coney Island. On August 13, laid out on Long Island, about a quar- near the old and new ferries. 1658, Anthony Jansen from Sale9 ter of an hour's travel inland from the ';.he one at the old ferry was estab- proved to the Director General that he Narrows, there being no convenient lished in 1675, and both were abolished had bought the aforesaid meadow from place nearer for the location of a vil- tn 1814. ~h~ postoffice of Kings County the Indians on September 26, 1651. and lage: it is settled by about twenty-two was in this town, and was a principal as he had no other meadow for mak- I to twenty-four families of the Dutch point of concentration for all the stage ing hay, part of the meadow nearest or Netherland nation. A hamlet not and other roads on the island. There to his house was given to him. yet named was begun on Staten Island was one weekly newspaper. A draw- It appears that Jacques Cortelean about two years ago. and has now bridge was at ihis time contemplated was the owner of the neck of land about twelve to fourteen families of to connect Bro~klynwith New Pork. called Nayack the site of the present Dutch and French from the Palatinate; There wcre sixty-one freehplders with- Fort ~amilto;. He also was a lot- it lies about half an hour's walk from in this town in 1706, ar.d in 1802 their holder in the village of New Utrecht. the Narrows, there being no more con- number had increased to elghty-six- and resided there, no doubt, during venient place for a village nearer the The population of the town of Brook- the last years of Stuyvesant's admin- water. Both these places were provid- lyn was in istration. On his land, on the neck, he ed with commodious blockhouses for a 1500 ...... 3,298 1S:IC ...... 25.312 allowed the "Nayack Indians;" i. e., defense against the attacks of the sav- 1810 ...... 4,402 1840 ...... 36~23~Manhattan Indians. who had removed ages last summer: the bloclihouses are is20 ...... 7 175 1345 ...... 59~57~to this place from Staten Island, to built by putting beam upon beam and 1830 ...... l;,292 1850 .-.. . . - 96~~~~remain for many years, where they for their better defense are each pro- The tanable property was valued in planted their corn. vided with two or three light pieces 24 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAM) : ITS'EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

- -- of ordnance, of which one or two m~ Church edidce, the taxable property c~mmissaryat "the Eope." At least pedereroes; the hamlet on Staten Is- was valued at $275,765; the population he laid claim to all three in later years. land, being the weakest, and too far was then 907; in 1835. 1,027; in 1840, though on account of the danger of at- to be relieved in time, is garrisoned 1,283. Neighborhoods in this town were tacks by the Indians, in an extremely with ten soldiers tor its greater safety." %y Ridge, Fort Hamilton, near the exposed position, he had never taken The Dutch Church was organized in United States grounds, and Bath on Possession of the property. The patent 1677. A stone ediflce of octagonal Gravesend Bay. The latter was a fa- describes it as "situate on the east side shape was erected in 1700, surrounded vorite place for sea bathing, hunting of th:, bay, running into the North by the graveyard, on the Kings High- and flshmg. The fortress known as 1 River. way. and what is now Sixteenth ave- Fort Hamilton was constructed during 1 In 1643 English settlers from Massa- nue; it was demolished in 1828. A new the years 1824-1832. Fort Lafayette chusetts came here; in 1645 they re- structure was built on the present site, was built upon Hendriclr's Bluff, 200 I celved- a general town patent, issued Eighteenth avenue, between Eighty- yards from shore, in 1812, and was orig- 1 December 19, to Lady Deborah Moody and associates. The origin of this town differs from that of the Dutch towns. Gravesend was intended to become a commercial port. Ten acres of land were laid out and surrounded by palisades. When, however, it became evident that there was not suli3cient depth for vessels of a larger class, the original plan was abandoned. The English settlers held religious service3 in the town and Stuyvesant stated that the inhabitants of Gravesend had more privileges than the exemptions gave to any Hollander. In 1655 the settlement was saved from destruction at the hands of the River Indians by a guard sent over from New Amsterdam. In the following year the inhabitants obtained three small cannon from the fort for their protection. In 1659 a mill was erected. Of the 7.000 acres of land in the town 3,500 were farm land, 500 woodland and the balance salt meadows and a ridge of sand hills near the seashore. It DUTCH CHURCH AND DE SILJiE HOUSE, NEW UTRECHT. has been suggested that the town war named after the former home of some . of the original settlers viz., Gravesend third and Eighty-fourth streets, ad in* known as Fort Diiond. A few in England; another s;ggestion is that dedicated In 1829. The old church edi- feet below the Surface, at the NafiowS, it W, .originally called "srGraven- dce had been used by the British dur- was found, in 1837, more than a Wag- sande," l.e., The count's beach." Di- ing the Revolutionary War at various on-load of Indian armw-heads. rectly opposite Gravesend, on the other times for a hospital and riding school. side of Lower New York Bay, are the The Simon Cortelyou house was built Navesink Highlands; along these high- long before that struggle, on the TOWN OF GRAVESEND. lands and the Navesink River the sand in its rear was the A tract of 100 morgen of land oppo- is of a reddish color, hence the name ground Of the Cortelyou family- This site Coney Island was given to An- "Red Bank" in this neighborhood. On was the headquarters Of Lord thony Jansen from Salee in 1639, and the Long Island shore the sand is of a =Owe after his landing Grav89Bnd a patent for it wns issued in 1644. This grayish color, and this fact may have Bay in August. 1776, for about a month. After Simon's death it came into the possession of one Napier. who transformed it into a tavern. After Napier's death, Simon Cartelyou's son, Simon, became the owner and later on the Stillwell family owned the house. In 1892 the Federal Government purchased it, and &ally it was destroyed by flre in 1901. The Van Pelt Manor house was built about the latter part of the seventeenth century, and is still standing on Eighteenth avenue and Eighty-first street: nearby is one of the txo remaining milestones in the county, wnich were erected by the Kings order, to mark the postroad from Bos- ton to Philadelphia. The mad was known as the King's Highway; it cut through New Utrecht and Gowanus to Denyse's Ferry, where .the connection with Staten Island was made by boat. At every turning point in the road a stone was set up. At Denyse's Ferry the British landed their Arst troops in 1776: near the shores of this town, too, the squadron of Colonel Richard Nic- olls, the first English Governor of hTew Vnrk. had anchored in 1664. and FIRST DUTCH CHURCH EDIFICE AT GR.AVESEND. his letter to Director General Stuyve- Sketched Afier Old Description. sant bears date on board the Guyney. riding before Nayack, on the 20th day of August. land, described as situated "near the led the settlers to name this shore Along the Narrows the land is hilly bay," became later known as "the old "Graauwezande," or Grauesand, as the and stony, and on the northern town bouwery." Adjoining Anthony Jan- name is often written in old documents. !in6 were some considerable hills. These sen's patent a tract of 90 morgen, lying i.e., "Grayishsand." wooded ridges formed the extreme partly in Gravesend and partly in New The Dutch Church was organized fn western end of the backbone of Long Utrecht, was granted in 1645 to Robert 1768 and a church edifice was erected, Island, which extends all along the Pennoyer. ihich was replaced by a second one in northern side of the "Great Plains," as The present Coney Island consisted 1833 and this cne again by a third one far as Southold, on the eastern end of originally of three parts, viz., Conijne in 1894. Shortly after the conquest of the island. The interior part of the Eylandt, Conijne Hoek or the later 1664 the town was made the seat of town is level, and the soil consists of Pine Island, and Gysbert's Eylandt, or justice, a court house was erected in light loam and sand. the later Johnson's Land. Apparently 1668 and the Courts of Sessions of the In 1810 the village contained forty these three parts were granted on Mav West Riding were held here, also the houses and the Reformed Dutch 24, 1644, to Gysbert op Dyck, the former, 1 Courts of Kings County until 1686. EagIe Library--LONG ISLAND; EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 25 when the County Court at Flatbush was opened. The Strycker house, on Gravesend avenue, near present Avenue U was destroyed by fire about 1894. hi Still- well house was formerly known as the Van Siclen house. The Johnson house granted in 1660. It was demolished in was built upon "the bouwerij of ye Lady 1911. The Bergen House, said to have ~oody." The wyckoff homestead, on been built in 1735, was tom down about present East Nineteenth street, near Avenue Q, was erected about the latter part of the eighteenth century and was torn down during the first years of the Present century. A block away is standing the still older Bennett farm house. The Wyckoff house, on Kings Highway, near Fourteenth street, was part of the seventeenth century on built about f~rtyyears ago. the junction of Flatbush and Wash- In 1649 Coney Island is called Manna- ington avenues and Lincoln road, and hanning, i.e.. island place. A locality the Martense house, opposite, were both at the mouth of Gerrettsen's Creek was burned down by the British in 1776; called Moeung. This probably was the the Lefferts house was' rebuilt on its place called by the Dutch t'vlaeck, i.e., old lines. The Suydam-Ditmas Man- a stain or blot, a black or muddy place. sion, near the junction of Ditmas ave- Another locality in this neighborhood, nue, was erected about 1700 and stood the upland, was called Makeepaca. An until 1911. The old farmhouse on Indian burying ground was found in Church lane, near Story street, and 1897 on Avenue U, near Ryder's Pond. known as the Story homestead, was Deep beds ~f oyster shells, the outer formerly -occupied by the Martense family. Melrose Hall, built in 1749 by sides of the shells uppermost, were John Lane, near Flatbush avenue and found, also pottery and more than a Clarkson street, was tom down at the dozen of skeletons. beginning of the present century. In 1810 Graqesend village contained Judge Isaac Terhune erected a house twenty houses, the Reformed Dutch about a half-mile distant from the Church edifice and a schoolhouse. A Kings Highway station of the Brighton lighthouse was designed to be erected Beach Railroad, in 1F12, which was later at Coney Island, on the west end of WVESEND TOWN HALL. Schryer's Hook. There were two tide purchased by Benjamin Hitchings. mills. The taxable property was Val- increasingued at $173,477: to 695 the in population1835 and 810 wasin 1840. 520, wasThe originally settlement known on Sheepsheadas "The Cove,.' Bay and later as Sheepshead Bay. Other Church, the courthouse and jail. Eras- neighborhoods were Unionville and mus Hall Academy and two cosmon Guntherville on Gravesend Bay South schools, also two tide mills and on* Greenfield on the Kings High& and on the head of Gerrettsen's Creek, extending over the Flatlands line.

of the county 1s located in this town. TOWN OF FLATBUSH. The farm of sixty acres was purchased soil of the remaind for $3,000. Neighborhoods in the town (Including the Later Town of New Lots.) Flatbush was originally known Midwout and was settled in 1651, though single settlers had been on the ground earlier! It is ,named in old documents variously t V1a;kke Bos. 1 Midwout and Middelwout. T Vlakke ?os means small things packed close ~ogether,i. e., "a bunch" on t'ne plain; Midwout and Middelwout means "in ths midst of the fcrest "or siirrounded by forest." In 1653 Stuy~esantwrote, in answer to a remonstrance presented to him: "It is not true that general town-patents had been promised to the inhabitants of Middelburgh and Mid- wout. The contrary can be proved by living witnesses and by the written conditions, now deposited in the secre- tam's office, under which lands were allotted and taken possession of in the said villages. If thev have- not- - their... - - l individual deeds, they may come 2nd call for them; they will not be carried ORIGINAL LONG ISLAND CHURCH, ERECTED AT MIDDELWOUT. home to everybody." Cornelius Van Ruyven, the secretary of the colony, land set aside for the church, the little this tract was given over in the earlier and son-ln-law of Domine Megapolen- structure on the Indian trail was in- days to the mechanics of the town, sis, bought in 1654 a farm of twenty- closed with a strong palisade, and in who could only take care of small par- five morgen in this town for the sum time of danger the settlers, after till- cels of land. The name is derived from of 525 guilders. On October 16, 1655, a ing their farm land all day, retired at the word Keutel-boer, used in opposi- plan was approved for concentrating nightfall within the protecting stock- ' tion to boer. The word boer was aP- the village of Midwout. Five or six ade, until they were able to erect more I plied to farmers on large farms in the lots were to be reserved for public substantial house%upon their farms. A older part of the town. buildings, such as for the schout. the second structure was built 'in 1699, In the later town of New Lots, the minister, the secretary, the school- which was altered in 1775, and the farmhouse built in 1715 by William master. village tavern and public present building was erected in 1795 on Howard, near the present junction of courthouse. On February 22, 1656, a the original site. Broadway and filton street, was plan was ready to lay out the village, The courthouse of the County of known as the Rising Sun Tavern, or set up palisades, and erect a block- Kings was erected in Flatbush village Howard's Halfway House, of Revolu- house. On May 26, 1656, the Schout and in 1685, and in the following year the tionary War fame. The Howard es- "the magistrates of Midwout and courts were +emoved from Gravesend tate was sold in 1867, and soon there- Amersfoort" issued orders that those in- to this place. The courthouse was re- after turned into building lots, and the habitants who had not as yet set up them built in 1793. After its destruction by old tavern was tom down. Among the 26 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAM); ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

landmarks are the Schenck homestead. tervelt. In January, 1651, a village was laid out by Stuyvesant The latter on Jamaica avenue, and the Eldert established, which was named Nieuw had ordered in ~~b~~~~~:1660, that all homestead, on New Lots road, between , Arnersfoort. Twenty-eight lots were di- settlers should remove to villages- a Lincoln and Sheridan avenues, on land vided by lot. Stuyvesant owned a farm few days later a pan)- of men ieti- granted to Johannes Eldert in 1667. I here in 1655; in the same year a mill- tioned him to select a site for them, Ualliel Rapelje built a stone house on ( t*rY guard was stationed in the town suitable for a settlement, and he took what is now Sheffield avenue, before 1 op account of the Indian troubles; the them to the plain between the N~~- the Revolution, which has been taken i village was inclosed by a stockade. town Creek and ~~h~i~kcreek, where down. His son, Simon, built the house j Van Twiller's and Corlear's flats, con- he laid out a village of twenty-two now known,as the McGee house; Wil- I taining 1,600 to 2,000 morgen of land, lots. liam Rapelje built the present Rapelje 1 were used as a common pasturage by A Year later he again visited the new house, on the north side of N~W~ots the people of Amersfoprt and M.idwout. requested by the in- road, between shefield and Georgia The Dutch church ~n the town was avenues, in 1~0. wyckog house / founded in 1654; a first edifice was ~:b~~,"~~~~w~~"A", t,",tt,hd","i,";z; is standing on New Lots road, between the Director-General:: would no longer Miller avenue and Bradford street, Permit the planters to occupy their and the Van Siclen, near Hendrix scattered farmhouses, and with this street. The Reformed Dutch Church of Point in view, he had established this New Lots was organized in 1824, and place of concentration on the plain. an edifice erected on New Lots road The name Boswijck, coined by Stuy- in the center of the settlement. The I former town hall of New Iats. stand- j vesant on this occasion, expressed per- ing on Jamaica Bay, at present Stan- fectly what the Governor's order was ley and Atkins avenues, was destroyed intended to enforce, i.e., to take the exposed homes of the several settlers by fire in 19i2. and bring them together at a central point for the sake of their own safety. The word is composed of "bas," TOWN OF FLATLANDS. meaning a "collection of small thing; SCHENCK The principal village of the Canarsee packed close together" and of "wijk, was in .this town and known as Kes- i. e., a retreat, refuge, guard, defend kaechsaeren' i. e'' at the bay. The from danger. The site selected was Flatlands is derived from het vlakke erected in 1663; it Was enlarged in 1762; suitable for a settlement, as it was lev- land, i. e., the flat country. soil a second one was built in 1794 and a el land or "a flat," bounded by creeks; is light sand or sandy loam. ~h~ to- third one in 1848- The graveyard Was that part of the town known in later established upon an old Indian burial times and to this day es Grcs~>o+t hill, and the Indian graves were in- was in the olden days known as Gren- cluded in the graveyard. en Hout Punt, or Hout Punt. It was The. On Flatlands Neck was the neck of land from which the set- built in 1664 by Plettr Claes Wyckoff, who had purchased the land from the tlers of ~~~~ij~ksecured the timber Canarsee at an early date. There is for Palisades and building material; a tradition that the name WyckoE was Hout Punt means "timber place." The give? to him on account of his settling name was later anglicized into Wood- in this isolated nelghbwhood; its mean- point, and the remnant of the town ing being -to (wijken) and road, which led to the place, is still ''beyond" (over), i. e., to depart to a known as "Old Woodpoint road." distant place. The homestead was re- Grenen H0ut Punt indicates that the paired in 1819. The little schoolhouse woods consisted of fir trees. on the neck was built in 1786. The territory of the town was pur- The mill on Gerrettsen's Creek, the chased by Governor Kieft from the Ca- former Stroomkil, occupies the founda- narsee in 1638; settlers which had lo- tions of the original gristmill. The Jan cated here prior to that. date were con- Martense Schenck house was built firmed in their possessions, and pat------about 1656 near a creek, on which later ents to new settlers were granted in a mill was erected. Mentelaer Island, rapid succession. The soil was princi- NEW AMERSFORT CHURCH. ERECTED 1663 called by the Indians Wimbaccoe, is now known as Bergen Island. Mus- kytte Hool was the name of a locality Oi\ Neck- was settled in 1636. One of the first In 1810 Flatlands Village contained grants for lands for Barren Is- land, which was then considerably iz,"z E$Er.ChTUq-eEle,,"a4&ettid Fzi larger and called Equendito. The tidemill in this town. ~h~ taxable _ Dutch called it 't Beeren Eylandt, i. 0.. property was valued at $14,039; the ., Bears Island. Upon Barren Island the ulation was 517, inoreasing to 684 in pirate Charles Gibbs had secreted a IS35 and 810 in 1840. Canarsie village portion of the wealth which he had ?as a settlement upon the road lead- plundered upon the high seas. of lng to the bay. it was recovered after the pirate and his companions had been executed upon .. . -. . . .. Gibbet Island in New York Harbor in q_ '. - .,- ^_-w . . . 1P30. The islands and meadows ad- TOWN OF BUSHWICK. joining Barren Island were called bY ON OLD WOODPOINT ROAD, BUSHWICK. the Indians Hoopaninak, Shanscoma- (Including the later Williamsburgh.) cocke and Macutteris. There are immense shellheaps at Canarsie and Ber- The name Bushwick has been said pally a light loam and the surface con- gen Island. by some writers to signify "Tom in siderably hilly, in some parts stony, Achtervelt was a glantation in this the Woods," while others have trans- though productive. town, comprising a tract of land of lated it "Heavy Woods." In the town On March 31, 1661, an Inferior Court about 1,800 morgen, of which only a records we read under date of April 5, was established and thus the town was small part was cultivated; a Patent for 1663, that some of the inhabitants ,"pi organized. Adriaen Hegeman, the the same was granted in 1638. The titioned the Director General Schout of Breukelen, Amersfoort and Pttents for the Castateuw purchases Council to allow them to inclose their Midwout, had now also 01 1636 from the Indians were annulled lands near the village with a common over New Utrecht and Boswijck. In in 1652. They consisted Of the fence, "in view of the great expense smaller flats, by WOuter Van 1662 the villsge, which was inclosed of individually fencing their land, said witipalisades, contained twenty-flve Twiller and the great flat, also called expense being greatly increased by the -at the bay- or Amersfoofl flat, houses. according to Brodhead, two claimed by Wolphefi Gerretsen and Of in their blockh6uses were erected within this Andries Hudde. ~t the same time etc-" This was three years after the town in 1663; this no doubt refers to patentsfor other large tracts were an- settlement had been. started, and it 1s tbe blockhouse upon the Kijkuit near nulled, as the maize land, flatland and lnconceiirable that a regi0n, which ha.1 the Strand and another one in the \-alley of Canarisse, conveyed by gift to been for its wealth of tim- village. A Dutch church was erected Jacob Wolphertsen to the serious dam- in such a degree as to cause the about 1720 and a second edifice was age of the new village of Midwout. Governor to name the town for this built in 1829 on the original site (de- further the islands in the Hellgate, very pecularity of the redon "Town molished last January); in the same Nooten Eylandt ,Red Hook, the land at in the Woods," to be so stripped oi year a chapel was opened in Williams- sloops Bay and Oyster Bay, called timber within a short time, as the Pe- burgh. In 1810, the town contained the Matinnecough. tition shows. To the writer it seems Reformed Dutch Church ediflce in the The territory of the town is later more likely that the village was named village, a Methodist meeting house in called the Bouwery or District 0fAch- for the compact form in which it was the Williamsburgh region, two tida Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 27 mills, two schoolhouses and two tav- avenue and Woodbine street; it was The water flowing into this reservo* erns. The taxable property was valued taken down about 1901. comes from a chain of lakes and creeks at $263.025; the population was 798: in The original cemetery on the Wood- scattered over the towns of Hempstead 1835. 3,341, and in 1840, 6,389, including point road was abandoned in 1879: a and Jamaica. Near the eastern ex- Williamsburgh. In 1827, the churchyard, surrounding the Dutch tremity of this chain was a railroad Williamsburgh was this church had been established in 1814: station of the old South Side Railroad, c?mm-ity was Bush- there were family burial places on called Ridgewood, twenty-seven miles wick in 1840 and incorporated as a many of the farms. distant from Brooklyn and close to the The City Of Williamsburgh came into existence in 1852. The Bushwick Ferry was started by Oyster Bay town line. From the fact the old fzrmhouses, the oldest James Hazard in 1797, a rowboat being that the Aqueduct and canal, as they still standing is the D~~~~ house on operated between Hazard's farm on were laid out, when the great enter- Meeker avenue, near Newtown Creek: Corlear's Hook and the Fountain Inn prise was commenced, started in the the Conselyea in Bushwick village, on the Long Island side. Woodhull's Ridgewood tract, the reservoir con- erected prior to 1700, has been taken Ferry was started a few years later; structed upon the Cypress Hills be- down. Other old buildings were the Morrell's Ferry in 1812. The Will- came known as the Ridgewood Reser- Skillman house, the two Devoe houses iamsburgh Ferry was incorporated in voir and the thinly settled neighbor- on the Woodpoint road, where also 1824; the Peck Slip Ferry was establish- hood in its rear as Ridgewood. Thus stood the Mansion House, built by ed in 1836: the Houston Street Ferry the reservoir received its name not Theodorus Polhemus, and the Debe- in 1840; the Greenpoint Ferry to Tenth from being located near the Ridge- voise house, both erected before the street, Manhattan, in 1853. The ferry wood settlement, but the settlement Revolution. At the Crossroads settle- which had been operated for some received its name from being loczted ment, the former Kruis-pad, was the years from Calvary Cemetery to Twen- near the reservoir. A few years before Whaley house and Rapalye's Tavern. ty-third street was also transferred to the latter was built, another settlement In Williamsburgh, the Miller house Greenpoint avenue in 1857; the James had been started near the northern stood on the site of the blockhouse up- Slip Ferry, running from South Tenth entrance of the Cemetery of the Ever- on the Kijkuit; it was taken down in street, was established in 1857. In 1860, greens, which was named South Will- 1860: the Fountain Inn was situated the Roosevelt Street Ferry began to iamsburgh. This being the most corn- near Grand Street Ferry: near Union run a boat to Williamsburgh. The pact neighborhood, the name Ridge- avenue was the house of Jan de Swede, Broadway Ferry to Twenty-third wood was gradually applied to it and who lived here before the land was street was opened in 1886, and some when a large area was later embraced -

BUSHWICK CHURCH AND TOWN HOUSE A CENTUIlY AGO. The View of the Church Is Taken From Long ldmd Miscellanies and the View of the Town House From the Brooklyn Manual of 1868.

bought from the Indians. In Green-! years later boats were run to For- under the designation Ridgewood, this point Dirck Volkertse, the Noorman ty-second street. part became known as Evergreen, as had built a stone house on the shore I The Ridgewood section in Queens most of its denizens were in some way of Bushwick Creek, which later was Borough is the territory over which a connected with the Cemetery of the named after him "Noorman's Kil": I legal fight was carried on for more Evergreens, as florists, laborers, etc. Dirck was also one of the early set-' than a century between the towns Of The name Ridgewood was now identi- tiers. The Provoost house was de- 1I Bushwick and Newtown. By granting fied with a large tract in Queens Coun- ~troyedby fire about 1832. Abraham1 the New Lotts of Bushwick to the ty and with a considerable part of Jansen erected a mill in 1664 on New- town, Stuyvesant had made the present tne Eastern District of Brooklyn and town Creek, near Bushwick village, Ridgewood section apparently a part the old South Side Railroad station and on its site was "Masters' Mili;' of Bushwick; still when in 1769 the dis- became known as Wantagh. its name standing until a half century ago: I pute was settled, the tract was decided having been changed in 1891, at the Schenck's Mill was nearby. The to be z part of the town of Newtown. request of its inhabitants. Schenck family burial ground is near However, today the section is most the site of the mill, on the former intimately connected with the Upper1 Wyckoff farm. The Wyckoff house, part of the former town of Bushwick, I TOWN OF NEWTOWN. is -located on Flushing-avenue, near and in considering the Ridgewood sec- Cypress avenue: there are several 1 tion the t.erritory situated in Kings 1 (Including the later Long Island City). other old houses on t.his farm. The~ and Queens----- Counties- must be taken as / Part of this town Was Set off in 1870 Suydam house, built about 1700 and anit. The name came into use here and incorporated a city under the name formerly owned by LefPert Lefferts, when a small settlement sprang up in of Long Island City. The Indians called was situated on the Old Bushwick road Queens County near the Ridgewood the territory of the greater part of the on the corner now known as Evergreen Reservoir, about a half century ago. town, 1. e.: the eastern portion, "Wan- 28 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS DEVEIJXMENT.

dewenock," meaning "the fine land be- the site of the later Astoria village. In belonged oridally a eminence tween the long streams: viz.. ~lushing1655 his house and outbuildings were of twelve acres, lyhg on the Flushing and NepPtown creeks. The Mispat band destroyed during the Indian uprising, Meadows: this was named Yo*ers had them village on the head of Mispat and he removed to Flushing; later he Island, after Van der DOnck*wh?, u, or Newtown Creek. When the settled again in this section. A small called "de ~onker."or "Jongheer. The Raceways sold the land to the settlers shell heap was at Sandford's ~oiIit,OP- place Was also known as "St. FLonan's of M~ddelburghin 1656, they reserved posite the north end of Blackwell's Well," and in later Years* when it was "a tract of upland, lying under the island, showing that the Indians had a favorite place for picpi:, hi&, southEard from the town place, a village there. There were early, as it was called "Snake H111. now seated, as hunting ground. The well as later, relics. A blockhouse was After the l\dis~at settlement had been west branch of Mispat Kil was called built at Hellgate during the Revolu- destroyed by the Indians, a new set- Quandoequareus, i. e., "at the further- tion, and a water battery, "Fort Ste- tlement was commenced by Eng- most branch of the long tidal stream." vens," during the War of 1812. Thc lishmen from New Englad; the In 1640 the Rev. mncis Doughty Woolsey mansion, opposite East Nine- Mispat or English Kills settlementis was was granted the so-called -pat pat- ty-slxth street. Manhattan, was erected located where ~aspeth today; the about 1726; other old houses are the new place was midway between the ent, including nearly all the tedtorg old site and Flushing* a meadow of the he and his associates Barclay mansion, on the Shore Road. adthe Rapelje mansion. Patents for from which creeks flowed rnto Newtown found on their miVal two or three Creek and Creek. Here squatters on the ground the five small plantations of about 50 acres I each and extending from the river to settled inlelp named the war of 1613 the M~~~~~settlement, delburgh* the *ge midway being then more than eighty inhabitants, the great swamp, or Lubberts' swamp, were granted about 1653; they were t~een";in 1662 the name was changed was wiped out. At this times lands were to Hastings* and later to taken up at the junction of ~~wt~~later purchased by Homer Lawrence. who also obtained a p$;ent for the ad- Another was made in creek and the D~~~~ Creek, at 1655 on Smith's Island* the later Mas- xanapnukab; i. e., -the ~~~~~e water- joining "Round Island, in 1665. Round land." on the east side of &napaukah Island is now known as Berrian's peth Island, or Furman's lsland* in Island, and contains 12 acres. The h'eWt0wn Creek- This m, or ~~t~hxdls meek, was xlch- named New Arnheim* was broken up ard ~~~t~~ll.~plantation, deeded to Greenhook, later known as the G. M. him 1643: it came later in me posses- Woolsep farm, was granted to Jean by the Dutch ckvernor, as being detri- Gerardse in 1653, and the same year mental BOswijck laid Out sion of villiam ~~ni~~.~~d~~~ in by Stuyvesant near by. Major Daniel widow married Thomas Wandell, who mitehead testified in court in 1704 was living on the Bushwick shore of that at the time of the coming Of Gov- Newtom Creek as far back as 1648. ernor Nicolls. his father and he, then Wandell enlarged the property by pur- living at "Mespatt Kills," which then chase and it became later known as tbe did not belong to Newtown, chose dep- Alsop farm. The Alsop house, erected uties to the Assembly at Hempstead by Wandell in 1665, was destroyed in in 1665. as 0th- towns did. When 1879. On the west side of the Kana- Yorkshire was created at this Assem- Paukah, lands were granted to Tymen bly. the former Middelburgh, then Jansen and Burger Jorissen in 1643, and - called "Hastings," was included in the to Jan Jansen in 1647. Dominie's ~ook mest Riding under the name of "the received its name from its owner, Dominie Everardus Bogardus of the new towne," being enlarged by the out- Church in the Fort on Manhattan plantations. comprising the Poor BOW- Island, the son-in-law of Tymen Jansen, ery, Hellgate Neck, the English Illlls, THE OLD BAY TAVERN ON THE as early as 1643. This tract, horn th:n%;&y.zFuSewas erected on "The Old Faw," consisted of 212 acres; POOR-BOWERY. the site now occupied by the Fish it was Purchased in 1697 by Captain House, on Grand Street and Hodman Peter Pra, who lived then on the ~ush- Boulevard. In this building the serv- wick shore Of Newtown Creek. The the later Dr. Ditmars farm, to Phili~ ices of the Presbyterian Church were granddaughter married Cap- Gerardse, and the later Polhemus es- held, the church having been organ- pinGeorge Hunter* and from him the tat,, to Tenen Craye. In -1654 Anneke ized in 1651, until a church edifice was 'Point" received the name ''Hunter's Jans, the widow of Dominle Bogardus. erected in 1717. This was used as a Bunter's wife died in 1833, and obtained an additional patent on Pot mdhouse and hospital by the Brftish two Years later the farm was sold and Cove. while they occupied Newtown, from the disappeared. Brou- brah ham Rycken, or de Rycke, had 1776 to 1783, and was flnally demolished. card Burgon, Or Braga~a Fmcb received iq 1638 a large grant of land On the same site a new edifice was Huguen0t* emmated from BIann- I, ~ushwwk. He obtained anothez erected 1787, which was enlarged in heim, in the Palatinate On the R-e, -t in 1654 at the "Poor Bowery, 1E36; it IS now used for Sunday school in 1675. at S-yside in 1688, which had originally been granted to purposes. Opposite this old frame after having "Id his farm in Bushwick the Dutch Church on Manhattan Island structure a stone church was opened after a short residence On Staten for an 'darnen bouwery"-that is, a for service, in 1895. The Dutch church Island- He erected a gristmnl: in 1757 poor farm. Abraham Rycken died was organized in 1704. and an edidce the farm came jnto the possession of 1689; hie son -95raham sillai-ged the was erected in 1732; this building was Isaac Bmgaw, erectefi the house property' the family burial place is On used by the British for a powder maga- On and S*llman avenues. near BOW- 6ay, near the site of the house zine; it was taken down in 1832, and a the present Queensboro Bridge Plaza; erected by the younger Rycken. Hen- (new one erected. The Protestant Epis- it was taken do- in 1912. After sev- drick Rycken, a grandson of the orig- copal Church was organized In 1731. changes the land came into the ha1 settler removed to Hrtllett's Cove ' Jonathan Fish joined the Middel- Payntar in 1831- The Debevoise prior to the Revolution, and bought burgh settlement in 1659; his mndson, On street, near Anable the sawmill on Sunswick Creek. The Jonathan Fish, built, about 1700, the street* was by fire about foundation of the gristmill at the Fishhouse, on the site of the first town- lSo9:amongthe other old houses are mouth of the Sackhigneyah stream was house. Samuel Fish, the son of the the Van Stevens* Gosman, Dur- laid by Cornelius Luyster in 1668. younger Jonathan, kept it as an inn: Yea and Washington houses. Thomas B. Jackson bought the mill he also purchased the farm at "Fish At +venswood, formerly called the property on "F'iihpoint" in 1835, and Point," on Flushing Bay, a part of the aaterslde. John Deladeld erected in 1792 erected a gristmill on the old founda- Luyster farm, or Poor Bowery farm. the mansion h~ownas "Sunswick". tions. Sack-ig-naiag means a ''point of The Palmer, Riker, Luyster, Kowen- the Blackwell homestead on ~ebste; land near the mouth of a stream." bowen and Jacob Rapalje houses are near the river, was built in Riker's Island, contafning 50 acres, and located on this farm. John Moore, who 1664- About 1834 the cornoration of the formerly known as Hewleft's Island. died in 1657, was the first min5:er of City of New York erected buildings for from its being the residence of George the town; several 'Woorehouses, built a Poorfa- at Ravenswood, which Hewlett, was conferred to Guysbert by his descendants, are to be noted. were sold in 1847, when the institutions Rycken in 1667. The Rev. Francis One, a Colonial mansion, was erected were transplanted to the islands in the Doughty, the leader in the original on the shell road, more than a century river: the owner leased the buildings Mispat settlement, conferred his bouw- anterior to the Revolution; another, the Commission of Emigration for a ery on Flushing Bay, at Stevens Point, later owned by the Penfold family, and shl~-fever-hos~ital,etc. After many in- on his daughter Mary at her marriage a third one, on the Bowery Bay road, effective protests, the citizens de- in 1645 to Dr. Adrian Van der Donck, with the Moore family burial place ctro~edthe buildings. Ravenswood was who obtained a patent for it in 1648. near by. The last-named house was connected with New York City a half About three years later. Thomas Ste- the headquarters of Sir Henry Clinton century ago by stages running via As- venson, an Englishman, living at after the Battle of Long Island. Cap- toria and Eighty-sixth street, or Hell l?lushing, removed to this farm as tain Richard Betts was one of the first Gate Few, to Chatham Square. tenant for Van der Donck, and after settlers on the disputed lands along William Rallett, born in Dorsetshlre, the departure of the latter to Holland, the Bushwick boundary. He built his England about 1616, received a grant where he died, Stevenson obtained a house on the old Newtown road, be- for 160 acres at Hellgate in 1652, for- patent from Stuyvesant, conferring tween Calvary Cemetery and Maurice merlp in ~ossessionof Jacques Bentyn, tbese premises to himself. To this farm avenue. The old house on the Bur- I Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 29 rough farm was built long before the home of Judge Joseph Sackett, who later known as Union street and I Revolution by John Burrough, who died about 1756; then Walter Franklin, Broadway; it was a long, low building; died here in 1750. The Furman house, a New York merchant, occupied it un- in rt were kept the town recora; also later owned by Jonathan Howard, and til his death in 1780. After him his arms and ammunition were there in standing on the road to Flushing, was brother-in-law, Colonel Isaac COTS, re- readiline~sin case of an attack by &- erected at an early date. Willem Van sided here. DeWitt Clinton's wife was dims or other enemies. The "guard 1 DU,~settled in Hempstead Swamp, in the daughter of Franklin and a niece house" was further used oc-ionally this town, in 1719; the homestead on af Colonel Corsa. as a Place of public worship by differ- this fa- was later known as the Van- Middle Village was the site of the ent denominations; also as jail in later derveer farmhouse; Abraham Remsen first Methodist church on Long Island; years. also settled at Hempstead swamp; his It was buLlt in 1785. Prime mentions it A general town patent was granted son Jeromus bought the farm in 1735; in 1845 as still standing, though con- to the settlers on October 10, 1645- the Remsen family burial place is On verted into a dwelling. The Williams- Flushing is called Newark in an En& , Van Duyn Hill. Abraham BrinckerhoE burgh and Jamaica Turnpike was built lish document of 1663-4. The Garrett- settled on a large farm on Flushing about 1813, and a tollgate was erected sen house on Main street was erected Meadows; the family burial place is on at what is now East Williamsburg. about 1659; it was used as a hospital Flushing Bay. The Jackson homestead, John Culver lived here in 1790. Francis for soldiers during the Hessian occu- on Jackson avenue. was built a century Titus had a farmhouse before the pancy, while St. George's Church, ago. Some months ago an article ap- Revolution, on the site of the later across the way, served as a stable for peared in the papers, stating that the Schumacher's Hotel; the White farm the horses of the troops quartered in old house was to be taken down and existed as a farm since about 1700; the vicinity. The Bowne house was to be re-erected at Sea Bright, N. J. John Cozine was one of the earliest built in 1661 and the Friends Meeting- At Corona, the Leverich homestead, settlers in this neighborhood. The house in 1695. & 1789 the house of the facing the meadow, which is situated cemeteries of the Evergreen8 and town clerk, John Vanderbilt, was de- between Newtown and Flushing, was Cypress Hills are situated upon the stroyed and with it the town records. built by Caleb Leverich, who died here elevation known as Green Hills, or In the olden days communication with in 1717. It became later known as the Cypress Hills, partly in Kings County Manhattan Island was had by a large Elliott House; its oldest part is said and partly in Queens County. The canoe, which a man, living 'near the to date back as far as 1664; in the de- general act referring to cemeteries for- shore, had bought from the Indians at velopment of Elliott Manor, one street bids these establishments to hold more Bayside. In 1801 a sbge commenced runs directly through the site of the than 250 acres of land in one county, to run daily from Flushing through Ja- old house. Here, too, the old stone and hence these two cemeteries were maica and Bedford to Brooklyn Ferry, house on the Old Mill road, built by laid out in two counties. A special act a distance of twenty miles; then a the Coe family, dates back to the sev- allows Cypress Hills to hold 100 acres bridge was built over Flushing Creek enteenth century; its front, facing the more in Queens County. The town had and a road and causeway by way ot creek, is built of Holland brick. a po~ulatlonof 2,437 in 1810. Yonkers Island over the salt meadows Gideon Hallett, a descendant of on Flushing Bay; the stages eventually William Hallett of Hellaate. settled at ran to Williamsburgh Ferry, a &stance Maspeth: on his f& stGod the Quaker of eight miles. Meeting House, surrounded by the TOWN OF FLUSHING. The Duryea house on Fresh Meadow klrying ground, at tho Newtown Tui-n- The Matinecoc had a village at the I was built in 1662. a stone building witb pike and Fresh Pond road. A general place where some Englishmen settled a low and wide window between the meeting of Friends in 1724, held at in 1644; these men had formerly re- ceiling and the roof. Out of this win- Newtown, is recorded. Indian corn sided at Vlissingen in the Netherlands,, dow, it is said, a cannon pointed, while grinders, axes and arrowheads were and bestowed upon the new settlement the house was the headquarters of Hes- often plowed up at the Maspeth the name of their old home, which sian o5cers during the time the main hills. Governor DeWitt Clinton's house name was in later times Anglicized army of the British was lying from is still standing on Flushing and Mas- into Flushing. The settlers erected a Whitestone to Jamaica: the house was peth avenues, at Maspeth. It was the block house near the pond, at a point taken down in 1906. The Mitchell

JACKSON TIDE MILL.

Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND ; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

-- after a village on the Island of Schou- Captain Kidd had hidden under it some Jamaica for the construction of bar- wen in ZeeIand. of his treasures. racks, where it was later destroyed. As early as 1640 there was a farm- Roslyn, N. H., was formely know11 Clinktown, named after an Indian house standing on Cow Harbor, and as Hempstead Harbor. The old Skill- chief, who resided here a mile or two from this fact the bay itself seems to man house is standing upon a little hill farther south, on Parsonage Creek, was have teen named Heemsteed Harbor overlooking the crossroads in the vil- later called Near Rockaway. In the before the village of Hempstead was lage center. Across the dam is the graveyard of the old Methodist Church established. The name is derived from still older Bogart house. This was the are laid at rest the 200 victims of the heem (house), farm and steede (stead), home Of Henry Onderdonck in 1769, who wrecks of the Bristol and Mexico of place, spot, town. The name of the established the paper mill here. on the / 1836 and 1837. At Far Rockaway the village appears in 1647 as Heemsteede. second of the three ponds which ex- Marine Pavilion was erected in 1834, In Hempstead village, near the * tend back from Hempstead Harbor. seventy rods from the ocean. h bout "Burly Pond," the Presbyterian church Washington visited the mill On his 1730 Governor Martin of the province edifice was erected in 1648, 20 feet Journey Over the Island and took of Antigua removed to New Pork square. G~~~~~~~ ~i~~~~~ convened a ::g$Fn:t at the Bogart house on that and built a large mansion on an He traveled in a quaint estate of 600 acres at Rockaway Beach. meeting in this town Of barouche, drawn by four white horses. It is known now as Rock Hall, and the towns On the Island and Not maw years ago there was still a came, in 1824, into the possession of the from Staten Island, in 1665. On this Iiewlett family. The Merric tribe had occasion the "Duke's Law" was made a village on Hicks Neck. Freeport. E.. the law of the colony, and it was in was formerly known as Raynorstown, force until the first Colonial Legislature named after Edward Raynor, the first met, in 1683. settler. New Bridge, H., was formerly The mansion of George Duncan Lud- called Little Neck. At Meadow Brook, low, at Hempstead Plain, later called H.. the old homestead on the Dan. Hyde Park, was one of the largest Smith farm, built in the early part of and best houses on the Island. It was the nineteenth century, was of the old destroyed by flre in 1773. The loss was Dutch type. It was destroyed .by fire estimated at f3,000. With it was con- in 1910. Harbor Hill, N. H., the high- sumed a library worth f1,200, which est point of the backbone of Long must have been a large and valuable Island, is 405 feet above the level of collection of books in those days. The the tides. house was immediately rebuilt on the In 1810 the population of Hempstead old site. Ludlow was one of the was 5,804, and of North Hempstead judges of the Supreme Court of the 2.750. colony. His estate was after a whlle CEDARMERE. confiscated in consequence of his adherence to the cause of the British TOWN OF OYSTER BAY. during the Revolution. The famous KfOuP of old houses on the oppO- English R~~~~~~,William Cobbet, re- site the Bogart house. The last one The town of Oyster Bay was the bone sided here in 1817, when the house was I to be removed was prominent in the of contention between the Dutch and again destroyed by fire. j village history as "the inn," and in the English, and although the bound- later times was known as the Miller ary lines were arranged by the treaty South of Hyde Park, upon the House. Around the corner. with its of Hartford, the last of Dutch Gover- known as Salisbury Plains,race back door facing the mill pond, is the nors never relinquished his claim of Governor N,icolls established a course in 1665. It was called the New Old Thompson house' Part Of Roslyn Market, and continued to be devoted Was' in 1842, laid out and mapped as Montrose village. In this section was to the sport of the turf for more than included the William Cullen Bryant a century. Between Hyde Park and property. and other lands on the east- Success Pond 618 acres of land were ern shore of the harbor. The Bryant given by the towns of Hempstead and house' known as "Cedarmerep" was Flushing to Governor Dongan, who had built by Richard Kirk some twenty-five a country residence here. The Dutch years before the Revolution, and is Church of the original town of Hemp- situated on the east bank road, near stead was erected at Success in the the ,teamboat landing. ~t was pur- midst a settlement of Dutch chased by William Cullen Bryant about lies in 3732. The place received the middle of the last century and was name from Success Pond- It was partly destroyed by fire about 19Kl or changed in 1835 to Lakeville. N. H. 1902. The old Valcntine house near This edifice never pad apY.heating aP- the stone bridge, at the depot, was built paratus of any Bind wlthln Its walls before the Revolution. The Losee except the foot-stoves which the farmhouse was erected in 1757. The flour ers brought along and prepared them mill was erected about the close of the at the Cornell house, across the road, eighteenth century. before ser-:ice. In warm weather. be- At Testbury, S. K.. CZua!cer meet- tween services, they would gather un- a der an old white oak tree, to eat their ze.h~,"~t~~on~~~db",~lt yt gz basket dinner In 1813 the northern hasset in 1720, which was rebuilt in part of the withdrew and organized a separate church at Man- 18?,?iecourts of this of the colony hasset. H.~where an edifice was were originally, for the most part, held erected three years later. at Hempstead, where the Governor on Success Pond, N. H., about 500 rods several occasions ordered meetings of in circumference, and with an average the different towns. The Assemblv of depth of 40 feet, was called by the 1683 transferred the courts to the vil- Indians "Saccut." Warlike imple- lage of Jamaica. In 1788 a courthouse ments of the Indians have been found was built upon the north side of Hemp- / here. The pond was stocked by Dr- stead Plains and the courts were re- Mitchell, in 1790, with Yellow perch moved thereto. from Ronbonkoma Pond. The site of St. George's, the Episcopal Church an old lndian village and a at Hempstead village, received a royal grave were discovered in 1889, at Port charter in 1735. Its first building was - Washindon. N. H.. on Manhasset erected a year prior: the present one - Neck. The name of the neck was for- in 1822. The rectory was built in 1793. MONUMENT AT "NEAR ROCKAWAY," merly Cow Neck. Its Indran name The silver communion service, given was Sint Sink. Manhasset vllla~ewas, to the church by Queen Anne. is still TO the Memory of the Victims of the Wrecks formerly called Head of Cow Harbor. in use. Sammis' Hotel. on Front street, of the Bristol and Mexico, 1836-37. At the most northern Part Of the neck in Hempstead village, H,. is an inter- is Sands Point, named after an early esting old structure, said to be two owner. The Federal Government erect- centuries old. There is a tradition that /jurisdiction over the town or any part ed a lighthouse here in 1809. built of Washington slept under its roof one I of it until the colony was taken by the stone, and 80 feet high. It was named nieht. British. The territory of the town was Mitchell's Lighthouse, in honor of Dr. Foster Meadow, H., three or four inhabited by the Matinecoc and Massa Samuel L. Mitcht.11. whoso country miles south of Hempstead village, peaque tribes; the Matinecocs occupied seat. "Plandome." was at COW Bay. was settled at an early period. Shortly the north shore. Before the arrival of Near the liehthouse was formerly a before the Revolution a Presbyterian the whites this tribe had been greatly rock of immense size, caIled Kidd's church was erected. which was taken reduced,. probably through wars witb Rock. It was the general belief that down by the British and removed to ! the Mohawks, to whom they paid trib- 32 Eagle Library--LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Ute; in 1650 Secretary Van Tienhoven Valley was organized. The church edi- in the Episcopal church at ~~empstead, reported but fifty families left of the tea, czsumatau to ge of a value of $16,- riding tnither on horseback over DO- once important tribe. The Massa- 000, will be sold and a chapel will be soris Lane. The old Woolsey house' is ?ea,ques ped on the south.shore, with erected at Glenhead, this being a more still standing, the right-hand dOoWaY ttlelr maln village Mar~ssepmckat Fort central point just now. of the wide long hall is the spot, where Neck. Oester Baal. I. e., Oyster Bay was in the time of the Revolutionary War The Dutch claimed that they had named on acc&nt of the ueoysters the whale boatmen made an Unsuc- begun the settlement of the western found in this bay. the town is called cc.ssfu1 attempt to bang tiweral fia- end Of the island as early as 1632 iind Folstone in an Aglish document of thaniel Coles. These marauuers infested that the territorg of the town was a 1663-64. There werg large shellheaps the Long Island Sound. making raids Pa? of the western end; the English near the shores of Oyster Bay; Indian on both shores in whaleboats. ln 1760 claimed that the Earl of Sterling was cormfields had been abandoned there in Captain John Butler purchased East made the proprietor of the island by 1050. In 1653 the Rev. William Levericn Island he built the first flouring miU an order of Charles I, and that he and others, in all ten families, pur- of ~oJorison the dam between East gave Power to his agent James Farrett chased about twenty thousand acres of Island and the mainland, his son-in- to dispose of lands upon it. Then in land in the town from the Indians for law Nathaaiel Coles, added by pur- 1639 .E'arrett granted two necks of land the consideration of six Indian coats, c&e the remainder of the WoolseY On both sides of Oyster Bay to one six kettles, six fathoms of wampum, six estate and his four sons erected two Mattnew Sinderman or Sunderland, a hoes, six hatchets, three pair of stock- more mills on the dam between the sailor, for the Consideration of ten ings, thirty awl blades or ma, two islands. The i st mill was taken shillings, in lammoney of England, twenty knives, three shirts and peaaue down and the two others were ae- Per annum. In the following year Far- to the value of £4. When the vessel stroyed by fire. rett authorized Daniel How and others arrived, which brought these settlers BaypiUe was formerly called Oak to purchase land around Oyster Bay from Rhode Island. it sailed into Neck on account of the many large Harbor of the Indians, but the Dutch Hempstead Harbor, which was within oaks here. At Francis Cove, on the Governor on being informed of this, the Dutch jurisdiction and landed the east side of the neck, the Indians had sent some soldiers there to break-up cattle and goods there, bemuse there a camping place. At %timecock land the settlement. They found six men, was no house erected on Oyster Bay, was granted, in 1663, to Captain Jonn a Woman and an infant on the ground; in which the goods could -have been Underhill, famous as the Indian killer; one house had been erected and an- received. At that tie war prevailed John Feexe and William Prost. Three other was in course of construction. between the Dutch and the English in years later, Underhill, in a letter to Gov- The settlers were brought to the fort Europe and Rhode Island took part ernor Nioolls, begs to be excused from on Manhattan Island, and, after hav- with the mother country. One George military duty on account of his ad- ing signed an agreement to leave the Baxter, who was cruising against vanced age. He says: "Myself and place, they were dismissed. Another Dutch commerce under a commission seven other families have farms at attempt, two Years later, had a similar from Rhode Island, captured the vessel Matinecock, .and are On good tern fate- The treaty of Hartford made while within the Dutch limits and the with the lndmns there." In 1643 he had the westernmo'sf,Part of the harbor the United Colonies had to interfere to been the leader of an expedition of boundam, the line running straight to procure its restoration. three yachts which landed at Oyster the ocean. then the West India Corn- Glen Cove, kno- as such since 1834, Bay harbor, sent out against the In- PanY ordered the Dutch Governor to was originally called Mosquetah, later dians in the later Queeqs County. One erect a fort Or blockhouse on the East Musket0 Cove, and at one time pem- hundred and twenty I~dIaUSWere lulled bay in order to more effectually resist broke, but this last name was never and three hundred he had destroyed the ellcroschrnent of the English. How- formally adopted. In 1661 Thomas north of the Sound. In 1653 he had at- ever, the conquest of the colony by the Tern and Samuel Dearhg asked for tacked the Massapeague at Fort Neck, latter ended the dispute and although permission to settle seven families at and had killed a number Of them- the Dutch Came once more into pas- Hempstead and ten at Matinecock; Prime says: "The Indians had erected ~~ssionfor a short time peter Stuy- when the last named settlement was this fort on Fort Neck in 1649; it meas- vesant had retired to hi& bouwery on made, a dispute arose between Hemp- ured tbirt~by .fifty Yards." Under- Manhattan Island and the fightbg stead and the new settlement. =emp- hill kept POSSeSSlOn of the fort to Pre- spirit had departed with hirn. stead claimed the territory as far east vent a reunion Of the Indians. In 1661 About 1650, when the Hartford treaty a? "Musceata Coufe while the line the Matinecoc gave Underhill One bun- had given this section of the to- t~ laid do- by the SLchem T'kapousha dred and twenty acres of land, which the Dutch, they started a settlement was the western shore of Hempstead he named Killingworth; he died in 1672 in accordance with the order of thd Harbor. So when Joseph Carpenter and was buried On his faml. At &la- west India Company to the Governor, asked for, and received a, grant for tinecock is an old Friends academy, at a place at Shoobrook, above Beaver land on both sides of the riyer at Mus- and directly across the way the meet- m 1725. ' swamp. to guard their eastern border. ceata Coufe to settle there two or ing house had .been erected The Indians called the spot uSusco~s three plantations and a saw and full- Just beyond the PreSent.hCUSt Valley *mam." it being the residence of ing mill, the constable and overseer of is Will Hill, whefe fortl?~tlo~were Sachem Susconamon of the Matinecoc. Hempstead refused to assist him in built by the Bl3tlSh dung the the Dutch named the settlement ~01: laying out his grounds, etc. The Court lution. At Buckram was the old Cocks ver Hollow, it is now known as ~ro~k-of Assizes decided: "That the governor farm of 250 acres, part of it is the pres- ville. %is Settlement was claimed by has given his grant that Joseph Car- ent Piping Rock farm, comprising 100 Bempstead aS part of that to-, it is penter shall have leave to sit .down acres, with the Cocks homestead located four miles southwest of Oyster at 'Musketo Couf'e' or, the east side of upon it. Bay village. Iiempstead Harbor, whether belonging In Oyster Bay village the Summers Early in the eighteenth century to Hempstead or not." In 1668 Carpen- House on South street 1s one Of the Dutch farmers from Kings and ~~~~~iter and four others purchased the land, oldest houses, built long before the Counties removed to this neighborhood from susconarnun and We.rah, chiefs of Revolution. The Townsend House On settlmg at Wolver Hollow the present the Matinecocs. The sawmill erected Main street, erected in 1740, was the Bookville, others at ~eda;Swamp the by Carpenter was carried away by a quarters of the British oficers, (201- Pmsent Glenheap, some at Nohch, freshet in 1699, but his awelling house onel Simcoe and others, dunng the the Present East Norwich, some at was standing until about fifty years Revolution. On Fort Hill are the re- Eastwoods, the present Syosset rn the aqo. The "Five proprietors" erected mains of the old fort, then occupied beginning the settlers attended their houses on the north side of the by the Hessian soldiers. Part Of the at the Dutch Church in Jamaica sk- creek and called the settlement "The Youngs House on the Main road is said teen miles distant; in 1732 a ciurchplace" which name has clung to -the to have been built in 1655 by Thomas was Organized. and in the same year oldest part of the villare. At the time Youngs. Washington was the guest the Present site of the church at Wol- of the Revolutionary War there were of the house on his journey over the Ver Rollom was purchased from ~d-but twelve houses at Milsketo Cove. . island. Near by is the family burla1 mund Wright for the sum of @0: sub- Dosoris is situated on the Sound, two place, one of the tombstones bearing . yriptions were taken up for the build- miles north of Glen Cove: the original date of 1720. The first Baptist church me and when the sum of $800 had been purchase of about one thousand acres in the village was erected in 1724, about raised, the ediAce was started. me of land was made by Robert Williams twenty feet square, with a quadrangu- Present structure was erected in 1832. in the same year when Carpenter lar pointed roof; it was later Con- find It was remodeled in 1875; it is a bought his land. Dosoris includes West verted into a stable. In 1801 a new edi- frame building, standing in the valley Island and East Island. Williams sold fice was erected near Fort Hill. of Rrooirville on a small knoll at the the property to Lewis Morris, who Center Island was sometimes called Junction of the crossroads leading to a.aain sold it to Daniel Whitehead an4 Hog Island, and was in the original Jericho. In back of the ediflce are the the latter to his son-in-law, John Tas- deed reserved by the Indians, but lt sheds for the horses and waaons, some lor. Taylor was in ~ossessionin 1693, was soon after purchased by the whites were built in the earliest days. each hi4 daughter married the Rev. Benja- 2nd transferred to the town in 1665. one being the Dronerty of the family min Woolsey, who named the place East Norwich was formerly known a? who built it. In 1734 the church was Dosoris, i. e., "dos uxoris," the wife's Norwich, and was settled in 1680 by associated with the ch~lrchoqof New- dower. Retween Lattindown and the James and George Thom~son. The town. Tamaica arra ~avha&et..it was road leading to the isIands are the name was altered ~t the suggestion of the onlv Reformed Chiirch in the to- two hurial places of the Woolsey the postal authorities to distinguish it until 1871, when the church at ~ocustfamily. Woolsey used to hold services from another Norwich in this State Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 33 At Cold spring Harbor the 1ndi.n / name of the land on the west side of TOWN OF WNTWGTON. 1 ~f the minemc, msepeague and the creek was lvawepex, and ga6haI Merric would have had any claim to quatuck on ihe east side. The latter (Now ~~~ingt~~and Babylon.) the territory of the town of Hunting- The four Origina1 Long Island tribe5 ton, this tract would have been in- name appears in 1666 as a Matinemc cluded in the sale to the Dutch made village near the present Cold Spring were distributed as follows: The Nesa- qwke occupied the northern haof thf by Mechowodt, in 1639, yet the Dutch Harbor. ~h~ old settlement, never tried to lay claim to any part Woods, became, later, Woodbury and Origina1 town Of Huntington and Smithtown; the Setauket the northern Of this town. syosset.Daniel Whitneu. who was was 1872 born at Stamford. Con,-in 1758, came - Babylon taken in from the afrer the fsebo~urionary War to Long T~wnof Huntington, and was incor- Island and settled near Eastwoods; his porated a distinct township. The ter- son Daniel was born here in the old ritory of the original Town of Hunting- homestead in 1781. The house is to be ton was claimed by the Matinecoc, removed from its old slte to make it Masvapeaque and Secatosgr The earliest possible to straighten tne tracks of the deed for land in this town was issued Long Island Railroad. The Indian to Governor Eaton of the Colony of name of Jericho was Lusam. It was New Haven, in 1646. The actual set- also known at one time as Springfield. tlement of the town was commenced in and at anotner time as The harms. The 1653, when a purchase of land was made by some men from Massachusetts. Friends meeting house WE& flrst erected I /- 9,k. h&\ in 1689, at which time several families The name of the town originated from of Friends took up their residence here the fact that in this first purchase a and soon after in the neighboring lands neck of land was reserved by the In- about Westbury, in the town of Hemp- dians for the purpose of hunting. In stead, now North Hempstead. the following extracts from a court prcS- The Bethpage tract was purchased ceeding, the witnesses state that the from the Indians by Thomas Powell Indians reserved the neck of land for an active Friend from Huntiigton, in4 their hunting. Hence the name Hunt- 1695, and an additional purchase was ington; i. c.. the tunting-town, or the made by him four years later. A meet- town around the hunting-grounds, ing house was built in 1742, and a new was applied to the original town, which one in 1816. Hardscrabble, now Farm- comprised six square miles, i. e., the ingdale, was included in this tract. land between Cold Spring and East Manetto Hill, north of Bethpage, re- Cow Harbor, and extended from the ceived its name, according to Furman, Sound to the country road. Of this from an Indian tradition concerning a - territory, Caumsett, or Horse Neck, the spring of water which, having been later Lloyd's Neck, was excluded, and found durinc a severe droueht.-. was 1 -7 was in 1654 sold by the Indians to three considered a- "godsend." men living in Oy~terBay. Fort Neck was bought from ---,the Mas- 1- At the General Court of Assizes, held sepeaque in 1693 fo; £15, by Thomas half of Brookhaven;. the Secatoag oc- at New York City in September, 1665, Townsend, who gave the tract to his cupied the southern half of Hunting- Mr. Leveredge, the attorney for the de- son-in-law, Major Thomas Jones. The ton and also Islip, and the Unkechaug fendant in the case, viz.: the Town of Indians had a fort here, a square the southern half of Brookhaven. Huntington, produced an assignment earthwork, surrounded by a ditch. Iln- Some of the tribes were in a weakeneci from the inhabitants of Oyster Bay other place of defense consisted of pal- condition, and this fact explains manY of all their rights to the land at Hunt- lisadoes set in the meadow. The tido of the recorded irregularities. ineon, etc., hearing date of April 2, has worn away the meadow and the The Matinecoc removed in 1643 tern- 1653; wherein, he said, Horse Neck is place is now covered with' water. Be-! porarily to the territory of their neigh- included (though not by name mentioned), as not being excepted. Daniel Whitehead. one of the first ~ur~haSerS of land at oyster Bay and &ntington, declared that Horse xeck did never belong to either of the towns, it being reserved by the Indians at their first sales "for hunting," and yet Mr. Lever- edge, being told by a chief sachem, he wrote to the said Daniel Whitehead, 1 to buy it, otherwise, he should not come I to live at Huntington. Robert Will- iams, also one of the first purchasers, declared that Horse Neck was excepted by the Indians in the first sale, as reserved for their hunting, so Oyster Bay could not resign, what they had not. He said, moreover, that they being serisible of their want of title to the said neck, he strurk a bargain with an Indian for it and delivered him a coat in part payment, but the Indian coming no more, he could not get through with his bargain, which afterwards Daniel Whitehead did perfom. Ketanomocke was the name of an Indian village at or near the site of Huntington Village, derived from Keht anome ohke (principal inside place: i. .>.. in back of the bay). In 1660 the town put herself under the jurisdiction of Connecticut, this connection was dissolved in 1664, on the conquest of New Netherland. A town patent was issued in 1666. The first church in Huntington Vil- lage was organized in 1658. These earliest churches on Long Island, out- tween the beach and the meadow are bors, the Nesaquake, and later they side of the jurisdiction of the Dutch. the Squaw Islands. To these the even sold part of that territory to the were variously called Presbyterian, squaws and children were sent in timer settlers. Two Years after the Independent. Congregational, Puritan. of battle. The Jones homestead on the MatinecOc had invaded the Nasaquake etc. The church edifice was erected land the eastern tribes took the four in 1666, a little west of the present site. Massepequa stream, and known as the tribes under their protection. In 1659 and was enlarged in 1685. In 1715 a old brick house, was erected in 1696. Wyandance, the Montauk chief, gave new building was started, but after a It was taken in 1837. The part of their territory to Lion Gardiner beginning had been made, it was taken Neck ~ousewas built in 1770. The and the Nesaquake chiefs gave after- down again and removed to the present population of the town of Oyster Bag ward a- release for the land to Gar- location, on t1,e corner of Main and in 1810 was 4,725. diner. Spring streets: it was furnished with a Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

-- bell. In 1777 the British converted the Great Cow Harbor, and Centerport wan from the first settlement until a cer- chnrch into a military depot, the bell Cow Harbor: there is an old mill at tain term of years shall be expired, was taken away, and though it Waq Northport. The Walt Whitman home- as in the patent is expressed. Now his afterwards restored, it had been so instead is located at West Hills. Mel- honor's meaning therein is that from jured as to be useless. In 1782 Count ville was formerly Sweet Hollow, its the time of Mr. Smith's arrival here, Rumford, who was then in command of Indian name was Sunsquams. Vernon until such a tie, the land shall be the troops, had the building torn down Valley was formerly known as Red free, so that if your late seizure of any and the timber was used to erect bar- Hook. beasts for a rate or tax be for any racks for tb.e troops in the center of the Babylon Village, B., was originally such thing, before the tieof the Gov- cemetery; the graves were leveled and known as Sampawam's Village, and ernor's coming, they are not cleared the tombstones used for building the existed as a settlement on Sampa- by this patent; but if it be for any rate fireplaces and ovens for baking Pur- wam's Neck long before the Revolution. since, you are to make return of the poses. The remains of the Britisn beasts, or any other goods you have fortifications; made then, are still to be seized, and also to forbear doing the seen. Some of the tombstones in the like in the future." cemetery date back to the seventeenth On April 3. 1666, Matthias Nicolls century. -4 new church edifice was sent a letter to Richard Smith, in which constructed in 1784; the manse was he states: That since the letter was built nearly a century ago. The first sent by him to the constable and over- . building of St. John's Episcopal Church seers of Seataicott, the Governor was was erected in 1750, the Silas Wood informed that Mr. Smith had not only House is said to be over two centuries been notified of the tax, levied on his old; the Lefferts homestead, too, is a Property, but that he had also given a very old strccture; the Chichester bond to the officer of the town for homestead gave shelter to Nathan the payment thereof and he has de- ---.,.Ullo ..* creed: "That the tieof your lands at Lloyd's Neck, formerly called Horse Nesaquake being freed from rates, Neck, contains 2,849 acres of land, and shall begin only from the day 'of the is situated between Cold Spring and date of your patent and what you Huntington harbors; wigwams and LEFFERTS HOMESTEAD, HUNTINGTON. have been assessed at before for those shellbanks were frequent along the west I lands, is to be paid to the officers, shore.- The neck. called by the Indians empowered by the law, to receive it; "Caurnsett," was purchased in 1654 from and if you go on with your bargain RatiocPn, the Sagamore of Cow Har- An Indian deed for the neck was ob- with Mr. Delavall, about the two bor; twenty-four years later James tained in 1689 from several Indians, who horses, you were treating about, and Lloyd of Boston became the owner, and called themselves "the chiefheads of draw a bill upon him for so much as from him the neck received its present the Secat0a.g." In 1730 a small church your rate amounts to, he will allow name. Under the name of "Queens edifice was erected, it was taken down it; and upon the delivery thereof to Village," the neck was m%de an inde- by the British and its timber was used Mr. Lane, there will be orders taken pendent plantation or manor (English for military purposes; in 1784 a new for the return of your oxen. I am, fashion) in 1685, but in 1790 a renewal building was erected. The oldest part moreover, to put you in mind of your of this privilege of the estate was de- of the Conklin homestead at West former engagement before his honor, Deer Park. B.. is said to have been to co~tributeto the allowance of the built in thekrliest days 'f the iettiki Minister of Seatalcott until you shall ment of old Huntington Town. Castle otherwise be provided what will be Conklin is situated on Cap Tree Island. expected from you." B.; Havemeyer's Point Inn is ljil the On April 5. 1666. Francis Mancy, Great South Bay. B.: Amityville, B., constable, and Daniel Lane, one of the was formerly West Neck; Poweil's overseers of Seataicott, and Richard Creek at this place was called "Nar- Smith, being called before the Gov- rasketuck." In 1810 the population or ernor, agreed: "That the said Richard the Town of Huntion was 4,424, including 53 slaves; the taxable prop- Smith, notwithstanding any clause or erty was valued at $736,350. circumstance in the patent, lately granted by his honor, unto him or any fonner agreement with the commissioners of His Majesty's colony of TOWN OF SMITHTOWN. I Hartford, is and shall be lyable 10 pay all rates and levyes according to Richard Smith, jr., came with hls the proportion of his estate at Nesa- father, Richard Smith, sr., from Glou- quake until the day and date of the cestershire, England, to Boston in 1630, said patent, and likewise that he pay where he married. He settled with his towards the maintenance of the minis- father at Taunton, in 1611; he purchas- ter at Seatalcctt daring the term ed a large tract on Narragansett Bay ye said patent mentioned, or until he and built a trading house at Wickford. shall be otherwise provided, and that At various times up to 1659 he acquired nothing in the said patent expressed other large parcels of land. shall hinder the said Richard Smith In 1654 the war broke out between from trying his title at law to any Ninigret and the eastern Long Island land, that now is. or hereafter may be tribes: in one of his attacks Ninigret in question between him and the town captured the daughter of Wyandance of Seatalcott or any others." of Montauk. Lion Gardiner restored In the following March an agreement the daughter to the Montauk chief, was made between Richard Smith and who then mve him in 1659 the Nesa- the town of "Brookhaven." by which FIRST PRESBflW CHURCH. quake lands on the north shore of he was to convey to the said town HUNTINGTON. Long Island, for which he received a all the right, title and interest, which release from the Nesaquake chief be has or claims in and to a certain three years later. parcel of land, lying within the west In 1663. Gardiner sold the Nesaquake line of the said town. The town prom- nied by the Legislature of the newly- lands to Richard Smith, jr., who hav- ised to reimburse him for all expenses established State. The British built ing had differences with his neighbors and all money laid out by him for the Fort Franklin, named in honor of the in Rhode Island removed to here and town's use. Also for the next year, his Tory Governor of New Jersey, during purchased in 1665 the remaining par1 land shall not be rated or taxed, nor the Revolutionary War here. Lloyd's of the later town, west of the Nisso- any levy be made thereupon toward Point Lighthouse marks the entrance quogue River, from the Indians. the maintenance of the minister, but to the harbor. Lloyd's Neck was On March 27, 1666, Secretary Matthi- he shall be wholly excused for the made part of the Town of Oyster Bay as Nicolls sent a letter to the Con- said year, the town making good the in 1788, but has in later times been stable and Overseers of Seatalcott, same. incorporated with Huntington. in which he said: "That upon consider- It appears from the foregoing para- Eaton's xeck was known as Eaton's ation of an agreement heretofore made graphs that Richzrd Smith, on the Manor, and as Gardiner's Neck; it was between the Commissioners of His Ma- strength of the patent granted to him annexed in 1788, when the town was jesty's Colony of Connecticut and Mr, by the Commissioners of Connecticut, recognized by the law of the State. Smith of Nesaquake, Governor Nicolls refused to pay part of the rate of the Eaton's Neck Lighthouse was erected has been pleased -to confirm the same town of Seatalcott. His patent guaran- in 1798: the steamer Lexington was and to grant to Mr. Smith a patent teed exemption from taxation for a destroyed by fire near the neck in 1840. for his lands, with the privilege that certain number of years, but Seatal- The Northport region was formerly it shall be free from all rates and taxe: cott apportioned a part of the town Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AM) DEVELOPMENT. . ' 35 rate upon a section of his land, which TOWN OF ISLIP line. In 1701 he established his perma- they claimed was within their town I nent residence at Great Neck. He was limits, and on his refusal to pay the On September 29, 1650, Nasseconsack, twice married; in 1693 he married Anna tax, the constable seized some of hb "Sachem of Long Island" sold to Ed- Van Rensellaer, daughter of Jeremiah oxen. mond Wood, Jonas Wood, Jeremy Van Rensellaer, and widow of Killian Probahly on the occasion of his meet- Wood, Timothy Wood, Daniel White- Van Rensellaer, one of the heirs of Ing with the town ofecers of Seatal- head and Stephen Hudson a tract of the original proprietor of the Manor cott, in the presence of the Governor, land, from the Nesaquake River east- of Rensellaerwyck. In 1704 William he coined the word "Bull rider." "Bull" ward to a river called Memanusack, Nicolls became the proprietor of a tract deoo'tes a diploma, a decree, given by lying on the north side of Long Island; of land on Shelter Island, embracing a some high authority: "rider" ls an ad- and on the south from Connecticut four great part of that island, by the will ditional clause to a document. in- necks westward. of Giles Sylvester. serted after its completion: it is de,; Jonas WOO< Jeremy Wood and The name Islip was, no doubt, origin- rived from the Anglo-Saxon "ridan. Daniel Whitehead went to view the ally applied to the Nicolls estate ex- to oppress, to burden, to lie heavily, four necks of meadow, lying westward clusively, but in course of time to the upon. The patent issued by Governor from Conecticutt River, and there lived entire town. In a manner similar to Nicols stated that the plantation was and old Homes (homos=Xarragansett, the one of the Van Rensellaer family, to be free from taxation for a certain the Islip estate was always devised to number of years from the date of Mr. the eldest son, and the Shelter Island Smith's arrival. Afterward the Gov- property to a younger son; and the ernor decreed that the time of freedom Islip estate remained undivided for from the taxation was to begin with more than a century. the datesof the patent, granted by him. William Nicolls died in 1723, his wife This last clause is what Richard Smith having died eight years prior. The termed the "bullrider," and to this town began to be settled in 1666, and day his descendants are called Bull- was organized in 1710. Smiths. The Patchoag tribe occupied the land east of the Connetquot Brook or Nic- The Matinecoc had retired during the olls River, the Secatoag, nearly ex- war of 1643 to the territory of the tinct, when the island was first settled Nesaquake tribe. Here the first Set- by the whites, were on the west side tlement was made in 1668 at Nisse- of the waterway, extending along the quogue on the harbor on the north south coast as far west as Oyster Bay shore; near the point were shellheaps- Town; their principal village was about The name of the plantation appears in a mile southwest of the present Islip the patent as "Smithfield or Smith- Village, near Olympic. From t,his point town." Smithtown village was also are shell heaps westward to the county known as "Head of the Harbor." PAPER MILL ON ORIWIE LAKE, ISLIP. linrr Richard Smith was buried at xisse- 1 ERECTED 1820. I A?%e neck of land adioinin~- skook- quogue, near his residence. The YreS- warns Neck on the east, -- then known byterian Church of Smithtown was as George's Neck, with Fort Neck. organized about 1698 and the first an old man) and his son, whoso name called by the Indians ~e~uatogue edifice was erected at Nissequogue; was Wanequaheag, who owned these Neck, and Oak Neck, alias Oquenock. in 1750 the church was removed necks, and the purchasers of the land were purchased frqm the aborigines of Smithtown Branch and here, about told them that Nasseconseke had un- by Thomas and R~chard Willett in six feet in the rear of the present dertaken to sell to them these .fay 1692. East o$ these necks, Sagthekoos, edifice, the first structure on the new necks and "they seemed very willmg. or Appletree Neck, was patented to site was erected. It was a mere shell The deed covers the land on the north Stephen Van Cortlandt, in 1697; east covered with boards, the sbingles and side from the east side of Nesaquake of this neck was the land granted to rafters were exposed and no plaster River to Stony Brook and extending John Mowbray, in 1708, extending te was on the walls. In 1827 this build- across the island, embraced the four the Oriwie Creek. Mowbray acquired ing was removed and was for years necks west of Connetquot or Nicolls this tract of land from the Van Cort- used as a woolen factory at New Mills; River. Thus a great part of the later landt brothers, who had bougpt it from the present building is standing about towns of Smithtown and Islip were sold the Secatoag five years prior, vlz, m 1703. 100 feet back from the road, the in 1650 to these men, whose names ap- The land farther east extending to churchyard being in front of the edi- pear among the purchasers of Indian Winganhauppauge Creek, or Cham- fice; it was dedicated in 1827, the lands in various towns of Long Island, plain's Creek, was granted to Andrew church was regularly organized in 17%. but it seems that they never applied Gibb; the tract extending east from In 19ll the old building located west of for a patent for this tract. this point as far as Blue Point, was the church and built about the same Nasseconsack was, no doubt, a Nesa- granted to William Nicolls in parts, time, when the first church was erected. quake chief and Wanequaheag a viz., in 1684, 1686 and 1697, also the was removed to another site on the Secatoag chief. In 1683 Winnequaneag, Seal Islands, or Fire Islands, in 1688. Hauppauge road. Epenetus Smith, Indian Sachem of Connetquot (Wane- In 1769 a small church edifice was who was born in 1724, erected the quaheag mentioned in 1650) soid to Wil- erected by a Gescendant of Nicolls near and a , hml-a------ncmnied------it - --as - tavern- - - - from abnut----- 1750 until his death-~ in 1803: it 1 was then used as a dwelling for about sixty years. In the early sixties it was again opened as a tavern by Israel 'Whitman, who subsequently purchased the building; in the early days the tavern was the stopping place for the second night on the stage trip from New York City to Sag Harbor; the fare from New York City to Smithtown was 8 shillings. Special terms of court were held in a large room in the second story of the tavern. Hauppauge or Hoppogue, formerly called "Wheel- er's," after an .early settler, is an old settlement; on the Nissequogue South Farm is an old mill. Indian burial FIRE ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE. places were discovered near Fort Sa- longa. This fort. also called Fort Slongo, was constructed by the Brit- liam Nicolls the neck of land between the middle of the town, the later ish during the Revolutionary War at the Connetqcot and Cantasquntha 1 St. John's; it was occasionally used Treadwell's bank; it was captured by a Rivers. by the Episcopal Church, though it re- party of Americans in 1781, who de- William Nicolls was the son of mained unblessed by the bishop uutil stroyed the fortifications and two Matthias Nisolls. who was descended 1843. The DaDer mill on Oriwie. Lake- cannon, took twenty-one prisoner% one from an old family at Islip, Northamp- was built ini8i0; the Fire 1sland Light- brass piece, the British colors and a tonshire, England, and he probably ap- house, situated on Fire Island Beach, quantity of small arms; also ammuni- plied the name of the family's old was built in 1858. tion, returning without the loss of a home to his estate here. William Lake Ronkonkoma is located in the man. Nicolls received a patent from Gov- northeastern comer of Islip, portlons In 1810 the population of the town mor Fletcher in 1697, by which his of it are within the limits of Brook- was 1592. includingseventy-four.slaves; several purchases of land in this town haven and Smithtown. The lake is the taxable valuation amounted to were confirmed to him, extending from in the midst of an extensive forest. 8374,209. Champlain's Creek to the eastern town pear-shaped. three miles in circumfer- 36 . Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. - . . ence, and covers a surface of 460 acres. , said that "C:overnor Winthrop came WaSSett; the first settlers named it Its greatest depth is 63 feet: great ! over upon the island and the speaker's Drowned Meadow; the present Dame quantities of white quartz arrowheads , people gave him a piece of meadow, he was adopted about seventy years ago. have been found on the east side the / being a very good man, but he is The wooded peninsula, forming the lake, they are common eastward. now dead, and did not buy any uplvd, sastern shore of the village, was called In 1810 the population of the town ! and the meadow was given to hun; by the Puritans "Mount Misery"; of Islip was 885, including 13 slaves, and yet one Dayton and those of Sea- the place now occupied by Cedar Hill the taxable property was valued at I talcott claim both upland and meadow Cemetery was named by the 1ndians $211,200. and Dayton has built a house upon Cumsewogue. I the upland. There is no record that The Roe House, built in the first Governor Winthrop had ever improved quarter of the eighteenth century. the land, still it may be ,assumed that forms now a part of the Townsend OF BROOwvEN' he acq&ed the land on the south side House. A grist mill was erected in Se- The territory of *is town ,on of Long Island for a definite purpose. tauket Village in 1690.- which was in South side was purchased from the It will be remembered that Winthrop Use for about eighty years; before the Patchoag and that on the north side had founded Saybrook on the mouth of mill was built, the farmers sent their from the Setauket tribe. The 1st the Connecticut River, in 1635. The grain to Connecticut have it made named tribe, which occupied the north Narragansett River being the eastern into flour- D'5'ker.s Neck or. Pequot. shore from Stony Brook to Wading line of the tract patented to Lord Say divides the harbors of Setauket and River, sold their last remaining lands and Seal and Lord Brook et al. The Port Jefferson. At Port ~effersonthe in 1675. The first setdement in this, nearest river on the east, outside of shipbuilding industry was started in 1797, prior to that the village had but town was made by men from I this tract, was the Mystic River. in 1655, at a point where the Semu- It would seem that Governor Win- five ket had their principal village and it throp purchased the tract from the The Indian name of Stony Brook, on was named for that r-on Setauket. Patchoag Indians in 1666 for the pur- Smithto- Bay, was Wopowog- Im- The town mas known at first as Seau- Pose of duplicating his enterprise of mense quantities of shells were found ket and was organized in 1658. rn the 1635, by starting a colony on the south here. A Methodist church Was erected list Of delegates of the several to-s to side of Long Island, in a neighborhood at this place in 1817. Mount Sinai was the meeting at Hempstead in 1665, this which resembled the site of his New formerly known as Old Man's; the In- to~~is called Seatalcott, in a docu- England settlement. To ma.lie the re- dian name was Nonowantuck. A Con- ment of 1668, Seatalcott ali& ~~~k-Semblance still more real he called the gregational church was.erected hefe in haven, in another of 1672, seatalcott waterway Connecticut or Connctquot, 1720, which was rebullt In 1805. Mlllers alias Brook Haven, in 1,580 we find a and the settlement itself Brook Haven. Place was settled by Andrew Miller, record of Seatalcutt South The tract of land he named Sayfield on about 1659. The oldest part of the In 1631, the Earl of Warwick, presi- the West and Brookfield on the east. Miller homestead was built by his dent of the council of N~~ ~~~l~~d,The sandbar acre:: the Great South -andson, William, in 1700. William's had granted to ~~~d sayand seal and Bay. "Seal Island, and the creek on son built the second section, and his Lord Brook and severai others land on the east, outside of his tract he called grandson the third, in 1816. At Wading the main, extending from Narragansett River. River are many shellheaps. Eight Rlver westward 120 miles along the B*ok Haven and Brookfield remind families settled here in 167l. sound. 1635 the younger John of Lord Brook, Sayfield and Seal Island CO-, or Coram, is a very old set- of Lord Say and Seal. The latter had tlement. A Baptist church was built in 1660 become a leading member of the ~~l~&~~,"~,"~~h~,",","t~~f$C~,","c~~ here in 1747. In this neighborhood are cut River, and changed the name of the on Colonies, which was ere- some of the highest hills in the coilnty. lace to Point Say-Brook in honor of -ated 'Or the Of receiving, hear- Yaphank was called at one time Mill- the patentees The settlers tore do- mg, examining and upon ville and later Brookfield. Its present the Dutch arms, which were found fast- any petition* or other Papers namk is derived from a.creek and neck ened to a tree. Lion Gardiner, ivho was presented by any persons, respecting of land at south Haven. The first set- with them, erected a fort at Say rook the plantations in America, and to re- tlement of the place dates back over a these the century. There is here an old sa~mill. and acted as its commander until he time purchased, in 1639, Manchonock, or the from time. Moriches still retaiis the Indian name Isle of might, i. e., Gardiner's Island, There is a village of the name of of the section. ~t Centre Moriches the and removed to it. Sayville, just outside the large Hotel Brooklyn was destroyed by On the same patent was another set- limit* now within the town 0: Islip. We fire a few years ago. Mastic is the tlement in 1638 by men from are told that the village was named name of a large tract: parts of it were after sevllla, a city in under the leadership Of Eaton and know as Sabonack, Necommack, Coos- into and The by the name Sayville came use putus, Paterguos, Uncohoug and ~~t- the Indians Quinnipiack, and by Adri- through an error of the secretary of temayiY At mstic ~~~k,a dls- i. the meeting, at which the name was tance from Mastic Station, is the reser- an Block Rodenbergh, e., Rtd Moun- is tain, was named New Haven. adopted. There a probability, how- vation Of the POOSepatuck~ The tract ever. that Sayville is the modern form In the New England Colonies of Sayfield, now applied to a distinct between the Islip line and Bellport was formed a confederacy and John Win- settlement. Seal Island, we are told, purchased from the Indians by Gov- tboP became the presiding commis- was the name given by the Indians to ernor Winthrop, in 1666. sioner. The right of Connecticut to set- ~i~~ ~~l~~~B~~~~ on account seals Little Neck, now known as Strong's tie COlcilies on Long Isiana, which.waj having selected the spot for their fa- Neck, by the Indians called Mlnasser- denied by the Dutch, was recogn~zed. vorite place. ~h~ M~~~~~ River we oke, on the north shore, was purchased Say-Brook becmle a part of Connecti- know as Mastic or F~~~~~i~~~, in by Colonel William Smith, in 1686. cut in 1644 and in the same year the course of time the name altered into Along the south shore Smith acquired. independent plantation of Southamp- Mastic, may have been applied to the in 1691, the large tract Of land between ton or Southton, on Long Island, was neck on which the TJnkechaug had a 1 the former East connetquot River- taken into the jurisdiction of Connec- village. The Brook Haven settlement I the present Carman's River-and the ticut. Seatalcott, or Setauket, placed was near the mouth of the Connecticut Southampton lime. These Purchases itself under the protection of Connec- River, about the present south Haven. were confirmed under the title of ticut in 1659, and became a part of The house erected by Dayton stood on "Manor of St. George." Manorville, Or that colony in 1662. Dayton's. Neck, about present rook- Manor, received its name from being On March 12. 1664, Charles h., by let- haven village and was Occupied by included in this patent as a then al- ters patent, granted the land occupied men enmized in the making of tar. ready existing settlement. The Milage by the Dutch, together with Long Is- Setauket Village, the Sichteyhacky has an old, interesting church. Colonel land, to his brother James, the Duke Indian village of the Dutch records, is William, called Tangier Smith, built of York. Governor Winthrop, on seeing situated on both sides of the harbor, the St. George manor house, on Smith's the letters patent, informed the Eng- On the cliffs, overlooking Port Jef- Point, on Great South Bay. A third lish on Long Island that Connecticut ferson, in the hollow. The old ceme- structure was erected in 1810; the fm- had no longer any claim on the island. ten divides it into East and West Se- ily burial place .is .c?ose by. Near Silas Wood says: "It seems, however, tauket. In the early days a structure Smith's Point the Brltish erected a that the colony of Connecticut was mas erected in the village, which served strongly fortified <:rt, which they still desirous of retaining Long Is- as Town Hall and church. The first named "St. George. This fort was land under her jurisdiction and the E~isco~alianChurch on Long Island surprised and taken by a party of several towns on the island, which had was erected here in 1730, having been eighty Americans in 1780. They crossed been connected with that colony, were organized five years prior; it was the Long Island Sound from Connectl- as anxious th~tthis connection should named, when built, Christ Church. but cut, landing at Old Man's Harbor. be continued. when Queen Caroline, the wife of They 'marched to Corum, where they In 1666, John Winthrop purchased a George 11, donated a silver Communion destroyed 300 tons of hay; then to Fort tract of land on the south side ex- .serVlce to the church, its name changed St. George, which wa? captured wlth- tending from the western limit of the to Caroline Church; tradition has it out any loss on the slde of the Amen- town to Carman's River. On occasion that the ediflce, which is still standing, cans. Over fifty of the enemy were of a hearing on Indian affairs on No- was used aa barracks by the Hessians. made prisoners, and a large amount Of ve~nber5, 1677, a Patchoag Indian ap- The site of the village of Port Jef- property was destroyed. Near the fort peared before Governor Andros and ferson was called by the Indians Sou- is the house where William Floyd Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 37

Smith, one of the signers of the Decla- ( Old Fields Point, on the ilorth shore, L'Hommedieu house. The Horton ration of Independence, resided. At was called by the Indians Cometico; a house was erected by Barnabas Hor- Fire Place, or Southaven, formerly lighthouse was built here in 1823. 1 ton, one of the first settlers. There is called "The Mills," on account of grist Wampmissic was the name given to I an Indian burial ground with pottery and sawmilis sicuated there, and eight a large tract of swamp land in this half a mile east of the village. Lodge miles west of Moriches, a church was town. There were wigwams and shell- sites are on tho opposite shore south- organized in 1767. heaps from this town westward, near ward. A lighthouse was erected on Bellport, on Occombamack Neck, is the shore. ITorton's Point. In 1810 the population of the town The Corchaug tribe had a village at was 4,176. including 126 slaves. The 7 taxable property was valued at $767,740. / TOWN OF SOUTHOLD. Until 1730 Shelter Island was united with Southold, but in that year it was set off as a distinct township. River- head was taken off in 1792. The present town of Southold includes Fishers Island, Plum Island. Robins Island and the Gull Islands. The temtory east of Cutchogue was called by the Indians Yennecock, and by the English North- fleet. The land was purchased from the Corchaug tribe in 1640 by English settlers from New Haven, under the lead- CHAMPLAIN HOUSE. ORIENT. ership of the Rev. John Youngs. The town put itself under the jurisdiction of New Haven in 1648, and later, in Cutchogue. South of this place, on the OLD FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 1674, of New York. Southold was orig- east side of Fort Neck, on Peconic inally an independent plantation, the Bay, was a fort. The lines of earth are SOUTHOLD. three towns on the east end of the distinct and inclose one-half to three- island were styled the Three Planta- fourths of an acre. Lodge sites are tions. The Presbyterian Church of near the shore, east of Cutchogue. A three miles west of Fire Place. The church was erected in the wage in Bell House, built by Captain Bell about 1732 which was repaired in 1838. seventy-five years ago, is now known he territory, including the present as Mallard Inn. Patchogue is named town of Riverhead, was purchased from after the tribe which had its principal the Corchaugs in 1649. Mattituck vil- villzge here. Rcsjdes this me. they had lage is two miles west of CutchoKue. others at E'ire Place, Mastic and The old mill here was erected in 1820 Moriches, the tribe extending then by Richard Cox on the Mattituck from Patchogue to Eastport, along Creek. The Presbyterian Church was the coast. A few mixed bloods organized in ln5 and an edifice was are still living on the reserva- erected. A second structure on the tion of 50 acres on the Forge River, same site was built in 1830. near Mastic. This reservation was Greenport Village was commences ceded by the lord of St. George's 1827. The site of the village was fOf- Manor, Colonel William Smith, to their merly the Webb farm, which was laid sachem, Tohaccus. The survivors, MUON MATTITUCK CREEK, BUILT BY out in building lots in 1820. Seventy known as Poosepatuck, have no knowl- years ago the place was known as edge of the language nor the customs . RICHARD COX. 1820. Sterling. The house which gave shel- of their ancestors. Flizabeth Joe, their ter to Washington one night is still woman sachem and last chief, died in standing, now within the village limits. 1832. In 1890 they numbered ten fami- Southold Village was organized by the The Clarke House on Main street was lies. They are governed by three Rev. John Youngs. An edifice was opened as a hotel in 1831. It was trustees. erected in 1642, which was used as such once the home and hostelry of Sheriff -4 Congregational church was built in until 1684, when it was converted into Clarke, a magnate of the county. An- Patchogue in 1767; a second building a county jail. serving the purpose until other old hotel is the Booth House. LOG mas erected in 1822. Among the land- 1725, when the court house and jail Beach Lighthouse marks the entrance marks are Terry's old gristmill, the were built at Riverhead. A new to Greenport harbor. Lodge sites and shellheaps are along the south shore of the point, east of Greenport. East Marion was formerly known as Rocky Point. - Orient, formerly Oyster Ponds, and by the Indians called Poquatuck, is a

. -- MULFORD HOUSE, ORIENT.

peninsula. five miles long, and one mile broad, containing about 3,000 acres. HORTON HOUSE, SOUTHOLD. Peter Hallock purchased the land fro111 I the Indians in 1646. Orient Village is situated on the southwestern part Of Case homestead and the Roe Hotel. church was erected in 1684 and a third the peninsula. The settlement of this Blue Point is situated on a neck of structure in 1813. The churchyard was territory was started in 1647. The land southwest of Patchogus. The established in the earliest days of the Champlain House on lower Main stmet creek west of this point is called Man- settlement. The son of the Rev. John was built in 1735, the Mulford House owtasquott. Near Blue Point, on the Youngs built the Youngs house here, in 1666. A lighthouse was erected. On Xerrick Road, is "Ye Anchorage Inn." cvhich is still standing. Close by is tha Orient Point. A little northwest. of Orient 38 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

and between two considerable eleva- ern end as Race Point. Near the lands on Long Island, he was at lib- tions near the Sound. is a burial place. western end is a sand bluff, called erty to select for his own use 12,000 established by the orloml settlers and Mount Prospect. John Winthrop, the acres. He decided to take Shelter Is- filled with graves a!most to the very later Governor of Connecticut, pur- land and Robins Island, in Peconic summit of the hills, many inscriptions chased the island from the Indians in Bay, both of which came in 1641 into dating from the seventeenth century. 1644. Fisher's Island was made a the possession of Stephen Goodyear of Upon the eastern part of Oyster Ponds township by patent from Governol. New Haven. Goodyear conveyed the is- 2, fort was erected during the Rsvolu- Nic~ils in 1668. For a time it was lands to Thomas Middleton, Thomas tion by a Party of American soldiers* claimed by Connecticut. The firs$ Rouse, Constant Sylvester and Na- under the command of Colonel Living- lighthouse was built in 1825, the second thaniel Sylvester for 16 hundredweight* ston, for the purpose of preventing the in 1858. This is 150 feet in height. of good merchantable Muscovado sugar. landing Of British troops Won this The Dumplings are a group of rocks Nathaniel Sylvester married and set- part of the island. in Fishers' Island Sound. A lighthouse tled on Shelter Island in 1653, which Nearly a mile easterly of Oyster 1848 Point, or Oyster Ponds Point, is Plum was erected in on the North was then inliabited by the Manhasset Dumpling; it is 25 feet in height: the tribe. Shelter Island was incorporated ~~~2~keT2,"n;'S~~~ckpr~2~~1~~~p',"~light is 70 feet above the level of the by patent, issued to Constant and Na- In a level The rock was quite thaniel Sylvester in 1666 by Governor W"Rt,"k~Island, called by the Indians Nicolls. its government was united 450 ~~~~a~~ t:Et:zct ~~ud',d&~t~~.4nchannock, contains about acres. with th'at of Southold until 1730, when stood upon the very edge of It was Sold by Farrett to Robert Car- the island was organized as a distinct larger rock, resting upon a very small mand, after whom it was probably township. In 1673 the Dutch Governor foundation, and to all appearances it named, viz., Robert's or Rob's Island. Colve, after the reconquest of the col- would have required but a slight effort Carmand sold the island to Stephen ony, proclaimed Middleton and Con- to throw it off its balance. The rock stant Sylvester "public enemies of Rol- remained in its pecufiar position -ti1 Between Orient Point and Plum Is- land" and sold their interests in the 1814, when it was dislodged by a few land is Plum Gut. Between Plum Is- island; they were bought by Nathaniel of commodore ~~~d~r~sailors. ~h~ land and Fishers' Island are Great Sylvester and the purchase money was island was purchased from the Car- Gull Island and Little Gull Island and collected by an armed force. ~rinley chaug, who called it M~~~~~~~~~~,by "The Race." This part of the entranc Sylvester erected in 1737 a new manor Samuel WyllyY of Hartford, in 165%- Of the sound was named The Race on house on the site of the old homestead; Thompson says 1667-and a patent for account of the swiftness of the cur- it is still s-ding and known as the it was =anted by Governor Andros in rent. Great Gull Island contains about Sylvester house. A church was erected 1675. It is abour three miles in length fifteen acres of land. Little Gull Island ifl 1733: a new structure on the same and contains 800 acres. A lighthouse contains one acre of land. A lightho~s^ site was built in 1817. was erected in 1827 on its eastern end, %-as erected on the last mentioned ia- During the Revoluti~the island was standing upon a hill. It is 34 feet in land in 1806, 56 feet in height. The Gull stripped of timber for the use of the height. The island appears on Van der Islands are solid rock. The name was British army and navy, but lt partly Donck's map, 1656, as Pruym Eyland. probably derived from the Dutch word recovered from this injury. Shelter Is- Plum Gut is called in a Dutch docu- gulletje, i. e., a little codfish, or "a cod- land was at one time known as Far-

- -SOUTH VIEW OF CENTRAL PART OF RIVERHEAB, 1840.

ment Pluym Gate. Pruym is the Dutch ling." The codlings probably selected rett's Island, and afterward as Sylves- word for plum, and pluym is the Dutch the waters around these islands for ter's Island. Cedar Island lies about word for plume or feather. Thus it their favorite .playground. a mile southeast of Shelter Island: Lit- would seem that the Dutch did not Bookum is a small but old settle- tle Ram's Island and Great Ram's Is- know the origin of the name qf the ment near the south shore. land are part of Shelter Island; this island. Plum Island was at one time In 1810 the population of the present portion probably received its name known as Isle of Patmos. town of Southold was 2,613, including from a point of land upon it, still Fishers Island was called by the 30 slaves; the taxable property was known as Ram's Read. Indians Munnawtawkit. Captain Ad- valued at $401,300. In 1810 there were fifty houses on riaen Block, who visited the island iu .Shelter Island. a Presbyterian meeting 1614 named it Visschers' Eylandt, be- house and a schoolhouse: the popula- cause the InBians, who came to this tion of the town was 329, including neighborhood at certain seasons for the TOWN OF SHELTER ISLAND. eight slaves: the taxable property was $80,240. purpose of fishing menhaden, made it This town comprehends the island oi valued at their headqnarters. Its name is a that name in Gardiner's Bay, six miles = translation of the Indian name. The in length and four miles in breadth, island was also called Long Island. and containing 8,000 acres of land. Its TOWN OF RIVERHEAD. from its shape. On Lucini's map it Indian name was "Manhan-sacka-aha- appears as Isola Lange. Isola is the quatu-wamock." Manhanset was an- This town was separated from South- Italian word for island, and Lange is other name applied to it by the abo- old in 1792. In 1690 a settlement was a Dutch word, meaning the long; thus rigines. There were at least four In- started at Riverhead village by John we have Long Island. Fishers Island, dian villages on the island; also a fort, Griffin and others, who erected a grist- is nearly nine miles in length and has shell mounds now indicating its site. mill at the head of Peconic River, or a medial width of one mile and con- Shelter Island was purchased from the creek, a small stream about two miles tains 4,000 acres. It is four miles dis- Indians by James Farrett in 1637: in from Peconic Bay. Hence thh name tant from Stonington and nine miles the power of attorney executed by Wil- Riverhead. Among the landmarks are from New London. The eastern end is liam Alexander, Earl of Sterling, to a Grifen house, the old Peconic Mills. known as Passquesset, and the west- Farrett, authorizing him to dispose of the Howell homestead, the eastern por- Eagle Lbrary-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS DEVELOPMENT: 39

tion Or was which by Sils Howell, name Shelter Island may have oria- Resention in the shinnecock =ills, wae one of the first settlers. nated. 1859, The SuffO1k Cou*house and used as Such Until when the hills Origina.11~it. was an independent were sold to a corporation, and the jail. under On(' were erected here ~lantati011. In 1644 the town was re- Of in lSo4 remnant of the tribe took up their in at the the ceived within the jurisdiction of connec- abode on $hfnnecock ~~~k,east of the the ten or twelve ticut and until 1664 was represented in settlement at the shbnecock ill^. houses and the courthouse. General Court at Hartford. Upon the At Bating HO1lowl was There were scattered shell heaps along reconcluest of the colony by the Dutcn the shore, an Indian fort and a ceme- about 1719; the in 1673 the town again sought a union Wading Or w8S tery between Southampton and the with C~nnecti~~t:the request was Shinnecock ~111~; of these are nu- by the IndiansPauquacumauck- n3,nted, and Southampton. Easthamp- merous lodge sites for some miles along Jamespo* is.situated On Great Peconic Lon and Southold were erected into a the shore, and also on two -all coves Bay; the polnt Of land and the creek County. This Condition, however, was near by are known as Miamogue, or on the south shore of peconic B~~., a Very brier duration. At Canoe Place the Peconic Bay and Miamegg. A temporary church edifice In 1810 the Of the town Shinnecock Bay are connected by a was erected in the original. settlement short canal built by the pederal G~~- was 1'7111 22 'laves: the tax- in 1641: a second building, in the ~$1- prOpefiy was at F2331415' ernment.~i~~~~k and ~~~~~~~kwere lage, in 1651, a third one in 1707, and n-es to the isthmus betWeen a fourth One in 1843; the last one was the bays; the Indians carried their furnished with 'a bell and clock, while canoes here from the one bay to the TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON. formerly a drum had been employed other. The Indians had a tradition that Captain Isow and others, who had a canal had been built here once be- made an attempt to settle on Oyster fore by their ancestors, who construct- say and had been driven from there by ed a small ditch between the bays un- the Dutch Governor, came, in looking der the direction of Mongotucksee, or for another site for a settlement upon Longknife, then the greatest chief of Long Island, to a place on the eastern the Sinnecox federation. Ye Olde end, which, as our historians claim, Canoe Place Inn is said to have been was called by the 'Indians Agawam. bdilt in 1735 by Jeremiah Culver; it was With them came more people, alto- frequented by British soldiers in the gether about forty families, mostly days of the Revolutionary War. The from Lynn, Massachusetts. They land- Hercules figure of the ship Ohio, which ed at North Sea in Peconic Bay in was wrecked on the coast in this re- 1640 and settled thr'ee miles southward gion, is set up in the grounds surround- 1648 SAYRE HOUSE. SO-ON. ing the inn. Near the inn are the ruins in the woods. they decided of an old British fort: also a monu- upon a more permanent abode. The Recently Condemned result was the laying out of Main ment erected in the early part of the street, Southampton Village, a last century to the memory of the Rev. mile south.of the first settlement. to assemble the people to worship. Paul Cuffee, the last of the Indian The first settlers of this town came academy mas built near the church in preachers: the little church in which from the New England colonies, in- 1831, the Sayre House on the main he used to preach is not far distant. tending to star- a plantation on bngstreet is said to have been built in 1~,At Good Gmund some of the boarding in 1735 houses face On Peconic Bay and others , Island; the nae apDears on van der the Halsey house was erected Donck's map as "Hampton? M~~Jthe Pelletreau house was the headqu& .9n Shinnecock Bay; Good Ground is places in England were formerly called tern of Lord Erskine in 1779; the ruins the English form 0% he Indian name Hamtun and later Hampton. Orig- of three forts, erected by him, are of the locality: the railroad station is inally such places were named merely near by. St. Andrew's-on-the-Dunes, Bay Head- "EIam," very insignificant ones "ham- the Episcopal church n- the oc- Quogue, situated between Quantuck :et " but if they increased in size the Surf and at the extreme end of Silver Bay and Shinnecock Bay* is One Of te1k "ton" was to "ham." Ham Lake, was formerly a government life the oldest places in the to-. West- means "an abado," it is used for a saving station. hampton village was settled in the lat- single estate or a village; "tonw means Along the road from Southampton ter part of the seventeenth century: a "town," Hamton here is identical with village, parallel with the ocean, to- chu"h was about 17657 On a point the word plantation, as it was the in- ward the east, is an old mveyard called Beaver Dam, stand- in the tent of, the settlers to form "a plan- with tombstones dating 'way back iu midst of a pine with tation. Southampton is tile south the seventeenth century, which mark or three in sight; in it was Plantniion, or "the plantation in the the resting places of people who once abandoned and another edifice was South." awa.y from the old home and dwelt in Cobb and the country around. erected at the head Of Quantuck Bay. frcln civilization. Cobb has today a population of thirty The settlement at Beaver Dam consists Of an Old gristmill and a few Easthampton was originally named people and consists of a few fa?- the Maidstone, but soon the name was houses, all about a century old. Thls old houses around it; there is district was formerly called Cob's naveyard. where the first of changed to Easthampton; 1. e., the Westhampton are laid at rest. The eastern ~Ptntation,from its relative sit- Pound. is uation to the older plantation. water ill, on Mecox Bay, and three Ramsom Jagger farmhouse standing On Van der Donck's map, 1656, ap- miles from Southampton, received its on a large estate- Near the name from the oldest mill on Long IS- is OneL Point. with the summer pears the name "Cromme Gouwe." In Onek House: the Old Dix farm is On Dankers & Sluyter's Journal, 1679-80, land. Edward Howell erected in 1644 we read as follows: a mill on the head of ~i11Creek, and the ocean: the Howell House is located the old mill in the center of the present On WesthamptOn Beach. The end of Long Island, which is The' Shinnecock tribe occupied the 144 miles long, ruils 0s and sandy. village, carefully preserved as a relic. is most likely a structure, erected in coast Seatuck Cove east- Continujng east you pass plum Island, ward: many Of them joined the Broth- ~hichis about 4 miles in length. Be- later days, on the original site. At hind the bay of Iong Island called the BridgehaKnpton the land was called bb :$~~~i&.Ne~f~~k~~t~on~~ Cromme Gouwe (Crooked Day), there the Indians Saggaponock and MfSocks~ :;? In 1640, when the settlement at Nofi which acres' and are several small ,jslands, Gardiner's situated three west Of Southamp- Island and others. A footnote says Sea was begun Thomas Topping Set- ton. remain about 150 people- The In- "Peconic Gay is meant." tled here. Bridgehamptonvillage was dians have intermarried with nemes The severa.1 bays are not distinctly sometimes called Bull Head: 1689 their aboridnal character is marked on Van der Donck's map. ~ridgeh-pton and Mecoxe Were made a'most they. have lost Cromme Gouwe very likely should a distinct parish, when the actual Set- tlemellt of the section Was smrted. the Old customs' and but few words Of read Comme Gouwe, and this name * native lanWage even in may have embraced the entire territory church was erected at Sagg Pond in the memory the Oldest them Or the "Three Flantations." A Dutch 1690, a new edifice was built in 1737, it was Or less in dictionary of 1.708, in the possessfon of a mile north of the old site, and a third sixty or seventy years ago. I%~~'edo- the writer, gives the definition of the one in 1842. word "Kom" as follows. "an inclosed The Shinnecock or Southampton nab, brother Of the Wyandanch' place, where ships may lye safely." A is 10 miles long and 3 to 4 mlles mde; Was One Of their chiefs' and On his modern dictionary gives, "basin" for the Shinnecock lighthouse is standing death sister succeeded him. In De- at ponquogue Neck. The tract between cember* 1876* twenty-eight Shinnecocks kom, and district or province for go:ouw. lnSt their lives in an attempt to save Thus Comme Gouwe or Komme muwe Canoe Place and Shinnecock Creek Wa.9 Would denote, "Basin District." The conveyed to the trustees of the town the ship Circassian9 which was strand- Bay of .Long Is!and of the Jollrnal of by Pompumo, Chico and Maumanum, ed Off Easthammton' since which time 1679-SO 1s Peconic Eay of today, and the sachems of the Shinnecock tribe. on Shelter Island protects the entrance August 16, 1703, and on the same day teo$ysT;e~~~~~~re~~at~,"",","~ became scattered: they have Of the basin. Tressels coming from the the trustees leased the lands back to a open sea during a storm were in a the Indians for the term of 1,000 yeam terianIn 1810 and the population ofchurch' the town safe harbor after they had reached at an annual rent of one ear of corn. 3,ggg, lncludrng 61 slaves: the taxable Shelter Island, and from this fact the This land, known as the Shinnecock at $622,216. 40 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

TOWN OF EASwpTON. earth is white with shells, which were Great Pond was called by the In- used in making wampum. Cedar Island dians Quawnotiwock and covers an area The Indian deed of the town lighthouse is standing on Cedar Island of 500 acres, this sheet of water is on the date of 1648, and the marks of the at the entrance to the port of Sag Har- the peninsula Montauk, a tract of land four chiefs: Poggatacut of the Mehas- bor, and was built in 1839. of about 9,000 acres, which was con- set tribe: Wyandanch of the Mlanta- Gardiner's Islsnd, or the Isle oi veyed by the Indians to the colonists cutt tribe. Momoveta of the Corchaki Wight. contains about 3,300 acres of in 1661. There was an Indian fort on tribe, and Nowedonah of .the Shins- land; northeast to northwest it is 7% Nominick Hill, near Neapeague. On cock tribe. Easthampton 1s the most miles: the nearest point to Long Island a hill on the eastern side of Konkhunga- Eastern town on Long Island and m- Proper is 3 miles. There are shellbanks nick or Fort Pond w-as another Indian cludes Gardiner's Island, which was on the west side of the island: the fort, which was still standing in 1661, purchased in 1639. The town was Set- first settler was Lyon Gazdiner, a na- and its outlines were visible until ob- tled in 1649, when 35 men, mostly from tive of Scotland; he bought the island literated in 1898 by Fort Wikoff. The Lynn, Massachusetts, came here, they from the Indians, who called it Man- detention camp, established at the be- named the settlement Maidstone. It ginning of the war with Spain, occu- was an independent plantation until pied a portion of the hill. The Indian 1657, when it put itself under the ju- fort was 180 feet sauare, with a round risdiction of Connecticut. However, tower of earth or stone on each cor- the rigors of the ecclesiastical court of ner. Fort Pond was the scene of the this colony caused the Long Island colo- battle between the Narragansett and nists to secede and Easthampton and Montauk; the Lebanon Cedar or "Flat Southold proEered alleence to the Top Tree" is supposed to have been a Colony of New York, which was ac- mute witness of the bloody struggle; a cepted in 1674. In 1687 the population jittle west of the pond is the old Indian was 502 including 25 slaves; in 1810 the burial grouna. Culloden Point, on population was 1,484, including 26 slaves; Korth Neck, helps to make the har- -r-- in the same year the taxable Property -- /+ - bor, the point is named after the Brit- was valued at $385,600. JOHN HOWARD PAYNE'S WIU)HOOD ish frigate Culloden. which sank here. In Easthampton village. first chu&h At Montauk Point, the extreme end of services were held in a public HOME. EASTHAhlPTON. the peninsula, a lighthouse, 100 feet house; a church ediflce was erected high, was erected of stone on Turtle en- in 1652, which was repair* and chonock; they had a tradition that an Hill by the Federal Government in 1795 larged in 1673, and amin in leg8: a epidemic had depopulated the island at an expense of $25,000. new building was reared in 1717. which some time prior to ~~~di~~~.~Of the Montauk Indians living here, had a bell and clock; this was remod- Gardiner received a grant for it from King David Pharaoh reigned over two elled in 1823. The first settlers estab- families, his own and the Fowlers; he in James Farrett; captain ~iddvisited lished a school and 1784 a brick this place and burned some treasures. died in the 70s. His cousin Stephen building was erected in the center of here. which were taken out of their hid- Succeeded him. the village, and the institution, the lng Place by a commission sent by mv. first Of its kind On the "land was ig STATISTICS. cOrpOrated as Academy; ernor Bellamore after the execution of funds raised by subscription among the pirate in 1699, the commission gave Although the statistical data are in- ' a receipt to John Gardiner for the corporated in the sketches of the sev- the inhabitants, amounted then to goods found. Ram's Island belongs to $2,500- The Old is shaded eral towns, the following list has been Gardiner's Island: until 1788 Gardiner's prepared, giving the population of the bymarks glorious are oldthe elms;Gardiner among Homestead, the land- Island was an independent plantation. Long Island towns and counties in the Homestead7 the known but was now annexed to the town of their relation to the entire Colony of as Osborne House, John Howard Easthampton. Lyon Gardiner took New York; also other matter relating Fayne,s boyhood home; the POSSeSSiOn of the island in 1639, ten to different periods in the existence of Years later, when Easthampton vil- the towns. Special attention has been in which Lyman lived when he lage was settled, he removed to it and preached in the church, and the given to the census, etc., of 1810, to old windmill near the village, erected died in the village in 1683. His son enable the reader to-compare present- an David, about that time mentions, in day-statistics of any one of the towns in 1800: Indian burying ground is Petition to Governor Dongan, his father with those of a century ago: in the part of the as the first Englishman who settled in In 1810 there were 80 houses, the Pres- the colony of N~~ York. POPULATION OF TOWNS. byterian meeting house. the academy Including Amamnsett is very old settlement, Whites. Slaves. Indians. and two schoolhouses within the vf'- in lage. three miles east of Easthampton; 1687. Easthampton.. 502 25 ... way between EasthamptOn and 1810 the village contained twentj- 1698. Southampton.. 973 235 ... Sag Harbor was Sachem's houses and a schoolhouse; there are 1698. Southold...... 881 41 40 here some interesting old mills and the 1698. Flushing.. 643 113 ... On this spot rested Chief Poggatacut's ..... head when his body was set down on Sea View House, also an wdian well j 1698. Brooklyn...... 509 65 ... southeast of the village. near the shore. 1 the kay to the grave in 1651: the hole 1698. ~ushdck...... 301 52 ... was feet wide and deep, and was Other villages in this town. a century 1698. New Utrecht.. 259 48 ... kept clear by the Indians ago, were: Wainscott, Accobonuck and 1698. Flatlands...... 256 40 ... two centuries, viz., until it was de- Northwest, each having about fifteen 169%.Gravesend... .. 210 stroved when the Eastham~tonturn- ilouses and a schoolhouse^ 1698. Flatbush...... 476 1771 ... pike road was built. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Sag Harbor is situated on Shelter -169b 1703. -172- 1731. Island Sound; about 1730. a few fisher- Whites. Negroes. Total. Whitea Slaves Tom. cottages were erected here. Shortly New York ...... 4,237 700 4,436 5.886 1,362 8,622 after the Federal Government was or- Kings ...... 1.721 296 1,915 1,774 444 2,150 ganized, Sag Rarbor was made a port Queens ...... 3,366 199 4,392 6,068 1,123 7,995 of entry, and custom house officers Suffolk ...... 2,121 558 3,346 5,266 975 7,675 were appointed. Henry P. Deering was Richmond ...... 654 73 504 1,251 255 1$17 inade Collector of the Port by President Westchester ...... 917 146 1,946 3,961 448 6,033 Washington in 1790. In 1810 the ton- Albany ...... 1,453 23 2,273 5,693 808 8,573 nage of the harbor was about 5.009 Grange ...... 200 19 268 1,097 147 1,969 tons. The omce of Collector of the Port Dutchess, 1,040 43 1,727 of Sag Harbor was abolished in 1913 1 1,228 156 1,669 and the custom house closed. The first Ulster, J 2,357 566 3,728 church edifice was erected in 7768, wlth 1 ------a board covering for a roof, which ad- Totals ...... 15,897 2,170 20,749 34,393 6.171 50,289 mitted the rain: no ceiling or plaster 1 1737. -1756---- -1771- was ever put in it. A new church was Total. Whites. Slaves. Whites. Slaves. built in 1817, and a third one in 1843, New York ...... 10,664 10,768 . 2,272 18,726 3,137 a little distant from the old site on Kings ...... 2,348 1,862 845 2,461 1,162 the block now bounded by Union and Queens ...... 9,059 8,617 2,169 8,744 2,236 Latham streets. In 1810 the village SUffolk ...... 7,923 9,245 1,045 11,676 1,462 contained about 80 houses: Oakland Richmond ...... 1,889 1,667 465 2,253 594 Cemetery. on South and Suffolk streets, Westchester ...... 6,745 11,919 1.338 18.3l5 3,430 mas opened in 1840 for burial Durooses, Albany ...... 10,681 14,805 2,619 38,829 3,877 and was then situated in the midst of Orange ...... 2,840 4,446 430 9,430 662 an oak forest. A large Indiall v-illage Dutchess ...... 3.418 13,289 859 2l.044 1,360 site with graves is at Novac, which is mster ...... 4,870 6,605 1,500 11,996 1,954 regarded as a suburb of Sag Harbor. Gloucester ...... 3,935 12 mere are several other sites of Indian Cumberland ...... n5 7 villages in this neighborhood, as 'Hoyo------nock, etc.: at Three Mile Harbor the Totals ...... 60,437 83,223 13,542 148.124 19,893 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 41

TAXABLE VALUATION OF TOWNS, I valued at $14.039. Population, 517. Vil- hampton, Southampton, Bridgehamp- 1675. lage contained about 20 houses an* ton, Canoe Place. f s. d. church; one tidemill in town. Town of Southold-Taxable property Ea~thampton...... Town of Bushwick-Taxable property valued at $401,300. Population, 3,613, in- Southold ...... 1%:; it 8 valued at $263,025. Population, 798. In cluding 30 slaves. Matatuc Postofice Southampton ...... 1i667 16 '8 / this town were one church, one chapel, had 60 families, a street four miles Hempstead ...... 111532 19 4 two tidemills, two schoolhouses. two long. Cutchogue had 6b families, meet- Jamaica ...... 5,700 .... taverns. Williamsburgh settlement. ing house, schoolhouse. Southold Post- Brookhaven ...... 3,065 16 8 QUEENS COUNTY-Population. 19,- office had 160 families, meeting house, Flatbush ...... 5,079 10 .. 336. Six towns and seven postoffices. two schoolhouses. on street five miles Brooklsm ...... 5,204 .... Town of Flushing-Population, 2,730. long. Sterlir& had 60 families. Oyster Bushwick ...... 3,174 10 .. Flushing village. Ponds Village had 70 families, meeting New Utrecht...... 2,852 10 .. Town of Hempstead-Population, house, two schoolhouses. Plum Island Flatlands ...... 4,008 10 .. 5.804- Hempstead village and post- had 10 families. otace. Nerricks (postoffice discontinued MILITIA OF THE PROVINCE OF in l811), Rockaway. NEW YORK IN 1700. Town of Jamaica-Population, 2.110. mp OF Suffolk ...... 614 Jamaica village and postoffice, three NEW you HARBOR Queens ...... churches, academy. on Psge 42. Kings ...... O1 1 Town of Newtown-Population, 2,437. (In the Dutch Times.) Richmond ...... , ...... gi -Newtown village, three churches. New York...... TO- of ~~fihHempstead-Popda- In the upper center of the map is Westchester ...... gi tion. f 750. Queens Court House or the island of &nhattan, on thesouth- Ulster and ~utchess...... 325 Nofih Hempstead and postoffice. ern extremity of t;le island is Fort Albany ...... 371 Town of Oyster Bay-Population Amsterdam and the town Of Nieuw 4,725. Oyster Bay Village and Dost: Amsterdam; further north is SapPo- Total men ...... 3,182 office. Jericho Postoffice. tianicke, the palisstisu tobacco plan- S~FOLKCOUNTY-T~~~~~~ Drop- tation of Director General Kieft. On Men. the east side is a point "de vex- Kings County Militia in 1115...... 255 ertY was valued at $3,742,264 in 1811. Population, 21,113. Nine towns, 21 post- brande meulen" Or "the burnt -*" Freeholders of SufPolk countyin the ruin of which was for a long time 1737 ...... 328 offices To&, of ~~~h~~~t~~-~~~~bl~prop- a landmark on Director General Stuy. The Legislatcre passed acts in March, erty valued at $305,600. Population, vesant's land: on.Corlearls Hook was 1788, by which the State of New York 1,484, including 26 slave. Easthampton the Indian village Rechtauk. divided into sixteen counties, and village had 80 houses, one Presbyterian "De Noort Rivier' is the name aP- these again into townships. Kings Church, one academy and two school- plied to the. present North River above County contaiined six townships. Pop- houses, WainScott 15 houses and Sappohanicke; the river was thus ulation in 1786, 3,986, of which 1,317 were one schoolhouse^ tLmagansett had 20 named, because it reached farthest negroes. Chief towns were Brooklyn houses and one schoolhouse^ Acco- north of all the riv.srs in the Colony and Flatbush. Of the State tax of bonuck had 15 houses and one school- of Nieuw Nederland; other names aP- £34,000 were apportioned to Kings house. had 15 houses and plied to this river were Manhattans County fZ.000. Rivier. Nassau Rivier, de groote Queens County contained six to-- O~o~hO~h~~tington-Taxableprop- rivier, Montaigne Rivier, BIaUrits 1Jr ships. Population in 1786, 13,084, of erty valued at $736,350. Population, Mauritius Rivier; the Mohegan called which 2,183 were negroes. Chief town, 4,424, including 53 slaves. Huntington it Shatemuck. Jamaica. State tax, £2,000. village, postoffice, academy and two Sappohanicke the wa4$FaY Suffolk County contained eight town- churches. Dixhills, postoffice. Babylon, was known as "do kleyne baal. 1. ships. Population in 1786. 13,793, of the little bay, in the earlier documents which 1,ORg were negroes. Chief towns, postoffice. it was also called de baai van de Noort Easthampton and Huntington. State Town of IslipTaxable property Rivier, i. e., the bay of the North tax, £2,000. valued at $211,200. Population, 885, in- River. Below the Narrows it was called cluding 13 slaves. de baai van .Pe harnels-hoofden, i. e., POPULATION, 1810. Town of Riverhead-Taxable Property the bay of the ~~~~~~s.Beyond valued at $233,415. Population, 1,111, in- Barren Island is de Canarsee baai Or Kings County, 8,303-Brookl~n, 4,402: cluding 22 slaves. netown was known Bushwick, 798; Flatbush, 1,159; Flat- Zee, i. e.* the bay. the is the capital of sugolk county, or Narrows Zant HOeckl e.* lands, 517; Gravesend, 520; New suffolk court H~~~~.~i~~~h~~d,post- '. Utrecht, 907. office. 14 houses and county buildings. ~ookthe drcatextended say, alsode groote called baai,Port i.May e-, Queens County. 19,336-Flushing, SL George's .Manor had 35 families. or Godyn,s Bmi. 2,730; Hempstead, 5,804; Jamaica., 2.110; Wading River had 30 houses. Baiting Newtown, 2,437; North Hempstead, Eylandts the In- ~~ll~~had 28 houses. ~~~~b~~~~ had dians Paggauck, an island of 2,750: Oyster Bay, 4.725. 140 houses. The tocontained in Suffolk-Brookhaven, 4,176; East- EO mOrgen~ is the later Governor's 270 dwellings, four churches and seven Island- The name Governor's Island hampton. 1,484: Huntington, 4.424: Ishp, schoolhouses. on peconjccreek were 835: Riverhead. 1.111: Shelter Island. th, grainmills, four sawills. two 329; Smithtom, 1,592; Southampton, ~~,"l~~~a~$!t~~~,"~~fo~~~ etc. Eylandt was appiied on accomt cf tpe 3,899; Southold, 2,613. Town of Brookhaven-Taxable Prop- abundance of fine nut trees upon it, erty valued at $767.740. Population, when it became the property of Di- 4,176, including 126 slaves: nine post- rect~~~~~~~~l van Twillel-. Cornelius offices. Coram, near the center of the ~~~dd~k~~~and his men, who spent A town. was the site of town business: the winters of 1614-15 and 1615-16 in the LONG ISLAND CENTURY AGO six Presbyterian Churches and one . colony, probably stayed on Nooten (1810). Episcopal Church in this town. ~~l~~dt.Dnncker & Slu?*er7s Journal Postoftices: Brookhaven - Setauket, of 1679-80 states that this island Was the KINGS CO~NT~-T~~~~~property with two churches. two schoolhouses. fiwt place the Hollanders ever OCCUP~~~ valued in 1811 at $2,456,061. Population. mainmill and town library: Stony i, this bay. Brook, Middletown, Patchogue, Fire The Indian name of Ellis Island is 8'Ftwnof Brooklyn--Tanable property Place, Forge, Drowiled Meadom, Marl- said to have been Kioshk: it v:aS also valued at $1,175.539. Population, 4,402. known at various times as Bucking- 'Town of Shelter Island-Taxable Gibbet's and Brown's Island: on some The incorporated villagecontained Property valued $80,240. Population. about 400 houses, three churches, sev- at maps it is marked Bedloe's Island. eral factories, ropewalks, distilleries 229, including eight slaves. Island of probably from the fact that it was at Shelter Island, 8.000 acres area: had 50 one time the property of one .Redloe. and the postoffice of the county, ~~d-dwellings, Presbyterian meeting house ford settlement. t,g&hei. with Love Island: upoc i: Fort Town of Utrecht-Taxable prop- and schoolhouse. Great Hog Neck IS- '>ibson was erected 1.841-1844. erty valued at $275,765. Village had land 3x long' Oester Eylandt, i. e., Oyster Island, Town of Smithtown-'Zzxable 'Prop- called by the I~diansMinnisais, was about 40 houses and church. erty valued at $374,209. Population. tion 907 a.lsn known as Love Island. Corpora- T;wn bf Gravesend-Taxable property ?.592, including 74 slaves. Villages: tion Island. Kennedy's Island, Gover- valued $178,477. Population, 520. ~il-The Branch," Presbyterian Chlyrch. nor N~COI~Sgave it to one Needham, at school~ouse and Postof8ce. The who transferred it after a few days to lage contained 20 houses, church and River, some mills. schoolhouse. Alderman Isaac Bedloe. In 1670, when Town of Flatbush-Taxable property Town of Southamnton-Taxable Prop- it was the property of Bedloe, and was at s369,118. Pouplation, 1,159. erty valued at $622.210. Population, known as bve Island, Governor Love- 3,899, including 61 slaves. Sag Harbor lace made it a city of refuge: upon it Village contained about houses, Was called the metropolis of Suffolk warrants of arrest were inoperative. county buildings, church, academy County and contained 80 houses, one A fort bunt here in the.beglnning two schoolhouses~ In this town were academy, meeting house, etc., on a of the nineteenth century: on its Site two tidemills and one windmill. street one mile in length. Five Post- F!~rtWood was erected in 1841,.now the Town Of property offlces in town: Sag Harbor, West- island is known as Bedloe's Island. Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

The name Oyster Island has been ap- Jersey City. Harsimus, Ahasimus or menti~n Staten Island. The name plied to several of the islands in this Hossemus, the site of a former Indian was apparently coined some eighteen neighborhood at various times; they are village of the same name, perhaps of years after Hudson had come here by all parts of what was known as the the Unamie tribe, was north of Paulus some Dutchman, who was aware that Oyster Bank. Hoeck. Harsimus, denoting "at the it was'an island. This man must have Across the North River is 't kol, the little spring;' was called "the garden been informed by the Indians that in presellt Bergen Neck; this neck was of the West Indian Company," and the past this piece of land suffered shaped like the head and neck of 'a later "the Duke's farm," i. e., the Duke greatly by a flood, when pieces of land, horse; on the part forming the horse's of York's. Above Harsimus was Ho- which had been detached from larger head, was a plot of solid land sur- buk, the present Hoboken, and the bodies, had been driven down the East rounded by swamp. This peculiar Hopoakanhacking of the Indians, i. e., River, became pressea in the Narrows. feature of the ground, in connection the ~ipe-malungplace; here the Indians between Long Island and this island. with the shape of the piece of land, procured the clay for making tobacco They were contimually tossed against probably caused the Dutch to name the pipes. this island, causing it to tremble, and neck 't knl. 'T kol is the white spot on Weehawk or Ahweehawk is the Wee- the hemmed-ln masses of water found the forehead of a black horse; the, hawken of today. Bergen village was an outlet .by running over the island. word is also applied to a horse marked in the center of the neck, at the be- This man gave to it probably the name in this way (blaze). ginning of the %eights. Stooten Eylandt,-i. e.. the island which Achter Kol, the name given to New- Sisakus, SisEakes or Sickakes i. e., was tossed. At the same time Newark ark Eay, denotes "behind the Kol"; the "rattlesnakes, the present Secaucus. Bay may have been formed. Oude bay is also called Pauwe Baai on an was a tract of solid land, surrounded Dorp, j. e., the old village, was the early map, after the Patroon of Pa- by swamp, the Indians called it an first vlllage established on the island. vonia. The name Achter Kol has been island; on it?, southern end was "de to protect the entrance of the inner used, in a wider sense, to embrace the Slangenbergh, the ?resent Snake H111. harbor; Nieuwe Dorp was the second land west of Arthur Kill and the village. Hackensack River, in fact the land be- Newark, alias Milford, Elizabeth hind the Kol. town, now Elizabeth. Woodbridge and De Oost Rivier is the present East Ki! Achtcr Kol, tine present Irthur Perth Amboy are names of English River; the name Rivier Hellegat seems Kill or Staten 1slan.l Sound, is the out- settlements. Amboy is said to come to have embraced the East River and let or passage of Achter Kol or New- from ompaee, denoting "rocky shore." Harlem River in the early narratives; ark .Bay. - De Noort Kil is now known as Hack- Adriaen Block called the East River Kil van Kol is the Kil of the Kol, or ensack River, and de Noort West Kil "Hellegat." Vander Donck called the the present Kill Van Kull: it separates as Passaic River; the last named was East River and Long Island Sound 't Kol from Saten Island.' also called Rivier Achter Kol and de combined, East River; he says: "The ,Gamoenepa or Gamoenipan was Kleyne Rivier, 1. e., the little river. East Riy~rconnects on both ends with the name of a village of the Hacken- Schutters Eylandt was so named the sea. Hellegat, the present Hell sack on 't Kol, the name denotes because the early settlers came here Gate, denotes gap, hole or opening of "where the water remained.' At times to shoot wild fowl, its present name hell: Deutel Bay, from dertel or dartel, the entire neck of land is called is Shooters Island. denotes the wanton or sportive bay. Gamoenepa; in the Revolutionary War Staaten Eylandt is generally said to The two Barent islands were named it was known as Barren Neck; its have been named by Hudson, but this after Barent Jansen, who was the present name is Bergen Neck. The belief has no foundation; it was con- farmer here in 1639; het Kleyne Barent name of its southern extremity, Con- sidered to be part of the mainland by Eylandt is now known as Randall's stable's Point, is still retained. At most of the early writers. De Laet Island; it contained about sixty mor- Gamoenepa a village was established points out the several islands in the gen of land, and was granted in 1669 by the Dutch; the present Corrmunipaw harbor, such as Governor Island and to one Delaval: later it was known as is a corruption of the Indian name. the lesser islands, like Ellis. Bedloes, Belle Isle, Talbot Island and Montres- Paulus Hoeck is now a part of lower etc., even Robbiis Reef, but does not sor Island. Hot Groote Barent Lblandt, Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS ANDI DEVELOPMENT. called by the Indians Tenkenas, con- have, as a natural consequence, caused The population of the island in 1910 tained about 100 morgen of land; it is vast improvements in roads, railroad was: now known as Ward's Islaud. service, etc. The fact that so many i Kings County ...... 1,634.351 Minnahanonck, later Varken EY- men of wealth have selected sites on Queens County ...... 284,041 landt, i.e., Hog Island, also Manning's Long Island for their country seats, Nassau County: Island, is now known as Blackwell's has been the means to convince the Town of Hempstead .... -44,297 Island. outside world that this island is all Town of N. Hempstead.. 17,831 The settlements on the Long that it ever has been claimed to be. Town of Oyster Bay.. ...21,802 side are fully described In the sketches Its natural beauty, the purity of its - 83,930 of the several towns. air and water and other advantages Sufeolk County: are no longer doubted. because these Town of Huntington ....12,004 men had the choice of all the lands Town of Babylon ...... 9,030 CONCLUSION surrounding hew^ York City, and Long Town of Islip ...... 18,346 Island received the preference. Town of Smithtown ..... 7,073 We have followed the development of The length of the island is the same Town of Brookhaven.. .. .16.737 Long Island from the earliest tlme as when Captain Block sailed along its Town of Riverhead ...... 5,345 coast, just three centujes ago, but Town of Southold...... l0.577 possible, we had an opportunity to the distance has been reduced to a Town of Shelter Island.. 1,064 see how the Indian tribes, who had minimum, not in miles, to be sura l'own of Southamptc.n.. .. ll,240 possession of it in prehistoric times, Thanks to our modern means of trav- Town of Easthampton.. . 4.722 were driven from their old time hunt- eling, 125 miles have no terror for a - 96J38 ing grounds by men of their own race. traveler, an express train can cover the Total ...... 2,098,460 distance in two hours. In the book en- According tc estimates prepared by We have followed the growth of the titled "The Eastern District of Brook- the U. S. Census Omce, the po~ulation struggling isolated colonies on the lyn" the writer remarked in the pref- will be on July 1. 1914: eastern end, as well as of those under ace, referring to that locality: "Its fa- h'ew York State ...... 9.899.761 the rule of the Dutch Governors on the vorable situation mas noticed by Gov- New York...... City: Manhattan 2,536,716 western end. We have seen the island ernor Kisft and he acquired the land from the Indians at a time when New Brooklyn ...... 1,833,696 become the property of an English York City was confined to the south- Rronx ...... 529.198 prince, whose rule was interrupted by ernmost end of Manhattan Island, and Queens ...... 339.8% the reconquest of New Netherland bY its great future was foreseen-by the Richmond ...... 94,043 the Dutch. For nearly a century the foundors of Wiliamsburgh a century ago. Not every town on Long Island Total ...... 5,333,539 island was part of a British colonial The figures for the counties of Nas- province; finally it became part of the can be a next-door neighbor to Man- hattan Island, but Nassau County is sau and Suffolk are not given, but Car- sovereign State of New York. be estimated, hng Island would show The first century in the history of today as close to New York City as Kings County was then and sooner or then as follows: the island under these new conditions kings County ...... 1,&33,69d is marked by a steady, healthy de- later Suffolk County will hold this Queens County ...... 339.SRS velopment. Since then a few decades same position. But in bringing far-off Nassau County [approximate). 90,000 have passed, each one surpassing its Suffolk closer the Eastern District Suffolk County . 105,000 predecessor by far in the development will gain, as it has gained so far in this of the island. It is now no longer only process." Total ...... 8,168,582 the goal of the wage-earner, whose Within a few more years a journey These flgures show that about 24 per dream. it is to own a little home in a from Montauk Point to New York City cent. of the inhabitants of the State of healthy neighborhood, but many den will not consume more time than a New York, and over 40 per cent. of tha of great means have acquired large journey from-Bushwick to the fort on inhabitants of New York City (Bor- tracts on Long Island for their coun- Manhattan Island did in Governor oughs of Brooklyn and Queens) live on try homes. These princely estates Kieft's time. Long Island. The Eagle Library

6t-e.hu.. A 2s Page Page , Page A Bogart house ...... 31 Carpenter. Joseph ...... 32 i Cove. the ...... 25 Page ' Bookurn ...... 38 Carpenter's Tavern. Increase ..30 i Cow Bay ...... -31 Abraham Jansen ...... -27 j Booth house ...... 37 Case Homestead ...... 37 Cow Harbor ...... 31.34 Accobonuck ...... 40. 41 Boswfjck ...... 19 Castateuw ...... 17. 26 Cow Neck ...... 1 6. 31 Achter Kol ...... 42 Boswljck Church ...... 26 Caumsett ...... 33. 34 Cox. Richard ...... 37 Achtervelt ...... 19. 26 Boswijck Court ...... 26 Cedar Hill Cemetery ...... 36 . Cozine. Jrhn ...... 29 39 Agawam ...... Boswijck Town ...... 20 Cedar Island (Easthampton) ..40 ' Crafford ...... 30 . ~hasirnus...... -... 42 Boswfjck Village .20. 22. 26. 28 Cedar Island (Shelter Island) .38 1 Craye. Tenen ...... 28 42 ... . Ahweehawk ...... Boxen Bay ...... 2s Ce&r island Ughthmse ...... 40 Crippiebusb ...... Zl Albany County ...... 41 Bowery Bay Road.'...... 28 Cedarmere ...... 31 Cripplebush patent ...... 21 Algonquin tribes ...... I5.l6 Bowne house ...... 29 Cedar Swamp ...... 32 . Cromme Gouwe ...... 39 Alley. The ...... 30 Bragaw. Broucard ...... 28 Center Island ...... 32 CufCee . Rev. Paul ...... 39 ~lsopFarm. 28; house ...... 28 Bragsw. Israel ...... 28 Centreport ...... 34 Culloden. ship ...... 40 Amagansett ...... 40. 41 Branch. The ...... 41 Centre Moriches ...... 36 Culloden Point ...... 40 Amboy ...... 42 .19. 20. 21 Chamakou ...... 30 Culver Jeremiah ...... 39 ....26 Breukelen ...... Ambrsfoort. 20. 21. 25; flat Bridgehampton ...... 39 .. 41 Chameken ...... 30 Culver . John ...... 29 Amityville ...... 34 Brinckerhoff. Abraham ...... 29 Champlain House ...... 37 Cumberland County ...... 40 Andros. Governor ...... 3 6. 38 Brinckerhoff family burial Champlain's Creek ...... 35 Cqsewogue ...... 36 Anneke Sans ...... 28 place ...... 29 Charles I ...... l7. 32 Cutchogue ...... 37. 41 Anthony Jansen ...... I% 23. 24 ~~i~t~l. hip ...... 31 Charles I1...... 17. IS. 36 Cutchogue Church ...... 37 Anchonnock ...... 38 Broadway ...... 30 Chichester Homestead ...... 34 Cypress Hills ...... 19. 27 Appletree Neck ...... 35 Broken Land ...... 17 Chic0 ...... 39 Cypress Hills Cemetery ...IS. 29 AquebOque ...... 41 Bronx Borough ...... 43 Christ Church ...... 36 Aquehonga Monacknong ...... l6 Broomeld ...... 36 Circassian. ship ...... 39 D Armen Bouwerij 28 ...... Brookhaven .... 18. 33. 34 . 36. 41 Claes Cornelissen Schouw ..... 17 Danckers & Sluyter's Journal. Arthur gill ...... 42 Brookhaven. population .37. 41. 43 Clarke house ...... 37 39 41 28 . Astoria ...... Brookland ...... 20 Clarke. Sheriff ...... 37 Davenport 36 At the Bay .I6 26 ...... Brook. Lord ...... 36 Clinktown ...... 31 Dayton ...... 36 Brooklyn . Borough of . Clinton Academy ...... 40 Dayton's Neck ...... 36 B 18. .1 9. 20. 43 Clinton house . De Witt ...... 29 1 Debevoise Rouse. Bushwick ...27 ~aaivan de ~amele.Hoofden.41 Brooklyn Church ...... 21 Clinton . Sir Henry ...... 28 Debevoise House. Kewtown ...28 ~~i van de ~oort~ivler .... (1 Brooklyn City ...... l8. 19. 20. 22 Clintonville ...... 30 Debevoise Mansion . Brooklyn.23 . Babylon ...... 33. 34. 41. 43 Brooklyn Corporation Seal ....21 Cobb ...... 39 Dearing. Samuel ...... 32 Baisley's Pond ...... 30 Brooklyn Ferry ...... 22 Cobbet William ...... 31 Deering. Henry P ...... 40 Barclay Mansion ...... 28 Br00klyn Fire District ...... 22 Cob's Pound ...... 39 ' De Hart House ...... 23 Barent ~slan& ...... 42 Brooklyn Heights ...... 21 Cocks farm ...... 32 D, Laet ...... 14. 42 Barren Island ...... I 6. 26. 41 Brooklyn Hotel ...... 36 Cocks homestead ...... 32 Dela5eld Mansion ...... 28 Barren Neck ...... 42 Brooklyn population .20. 23. 40. 41 C0e family ...... 29 Delaval ...... 34. 42 Basin District ...... 39 Town. I Colden. Cadwallader .:...... 30 Delawares ...... 14. 16 Bath ...... 24 16. 17. 19. 20. 22. 41 Colden . David ...... 30 Denyse's Ferry ...... 24 ~~it.in~~~110~ ...... 39. 41 Brooklyn Village ...... 19. 22 Cold Spring Harbor ...... 33. 34 De mpalie. Joris Jansen .....21 Battle of Long Island ...... 28 Brookville ...... 32 Cole's &fill ...... 23 De Rycke. Abraham ...... 28 Baxter. G~~~~~ ...... 32 Brotherton Indians ...... 39 COleS. General Nathaniel ...... 32 D, Sille. Nicasius ...... 21. 23 Bay Head ...... 39 Brown's Island ...... 41 College of the XIX ...... 20 Deutel Bay ...... 42 B~~ of L~~~ Island...... 39 Bru~ckleenColony ...... 20 College Point ...... 30 Devoe Houses ...... 27 Bay of the Narrows ...... 41 Bru~ckleenColony Seal ...... 22 Colonial Legislature ...... 31 Dirck Volckertse ...... 27 Bay of the North River ...23. 41 B~shville...... 30 Colve. Governor ...... 38 Ditmas Farm ...... 28 Bay Ridge ...... 24 Brutnell. Richard ...... l 6. 28 Cometico ...... 37 Dix Farm ...... 39 Bayside ...... 2g. 30 Bryant. William Cullen ...... 31 Communi~aiv ...... 42 I ~ixhills...... -41 Bayville ...... 32 / Buckram ...... 32 Coney Island ...... I 6. 24 . 25 omi in ids Hock ...... IS. 28 Bears' Island. 26; planting Bucking Island ...... 41 Conijne Eylandt ...... 24 Dongan . Governor ...... 31. 40 land. the. 30.. the. 16; Bull Head ...... 39 Conijne Hoek ...... 24 Dosoi-is ...... 32 waterland. the ...... 28 Bullrider ...... 35 Conklin Castle ...... 34 Dosoris Lane ...... 32 Beaver Darn. 39; path. 30; Bull-Smiths ...... 35 Conklin homestead ...... 34 Do~ghty.Mary ...... 25 * pond. 30; swamp...... 32 Burgon . Broucard ...... 28 I Connecticut . colony of . Doughty. Rev. Francis ....16. 28 Bedford . 16. 17 . 19. 21; creek ..19 Burger. Jorissen ...... 16. 28 17. 18. 34. 36. 38. 39. 40 Douglass. George ...... 30 Bedloe. I-c ...... 41 Burling. Walter ...... -30 ~onnecticutRiver ...... 35. 36 ~ouglasspoint ...... 30 Bedloe's Island ...... 41. 42 Burly Pond ...... 31 Connetquot Brook ...... 35 Drowned Meadow ...... 36. 41 Beecher. Lyman ...... 40 Burnt Mill ...... 41 Connetquot River ...... 35. 36 Dufaeld House ...... 23 Beeren Eylandt ...... 16. 26 Burrough farm ...... -....28 Conomset ...... 1 7. 30 Duke's Farm. the ...... 42 Bellamore. Governor ...... 40 Burrough . John ....I...... 29 Conselyea House ...... 27 Duke's Laws. the ...... l8. 31 Bell . Captain ...... 37 Bushwick Church ...... 26 Constable's Point ...... 42 Dumplings. the ...... 38 Bell House ...... 37 Bushwick Creek ...... 19. 26 . 27 Cookie Hill ...... 30 Duryea Farm. Thomas P ....30 Belle Isle ...... 42 Bushwick Cro~sroads ...... 27 Coosputus ...... 36 Duryea house. Bushaick ...... 27 Bellport ...... 36. 37 j Bushwick Ferry ...... 27 Coram ...... 3 6. 41 Duryea house. Flushing ...... 29 Bennett farm house ...... 25 Bushwick Krulspad ...... 27 Corchaki tribe ...... 40 Duryea house . Newtown ..... 28 Bennett house ...... 23 Bushwick Manorhouse ...... 27 Corchaug ...... 16. 17. 37 DuSusoy. Marcus ...... 21 Bennett. William Adrianse.19. 23 Bushwick. New Letts Of ...... 27 Corlear's Flat ...... 26 Dutch and English Claims ...17 Bentyn ...... 19 Bushwick PoPulation ...27.40. 41 Corlear's Rook ...... 27. 41 Dutch Church on Manhattan Bentyn. Jacpnes ...... 28 Bushwick. Town of . Cornelis Dircksen ...... 22 Island ...... 28 Bergen Rouse. Brooklyn ...... 23 16. 17. 19. 20. 26. 41 Cornelius Hendricksen ...... 41 Dutchess County ...... 40. 41 Bergen House. Flatbush ...... 25 Bushwick Village ...... ?7. 43 Cornelius Lambertsen Cool.17. 21 Dutch Kills ...... 16. 28 . Bergen Island ...... 26 Captain John ...... 32 Cornell House ...... 31 Dutch Kills Creek ...... 28 Bergen Neck ...... 42 Corona ...... 29 Dyer's Neck ...... 36 Bergen Village ...... 42 Corporation House ...... 23 Bemian's Island ...... 2s C Corporation Island ...... 41 E Bescher. Thomas ...... I7. 21 Calvary Cemetery ...... 28 Corsa . Col. Isaac ...... 29 East Bay ...... 32 Bestevaar ...... 21 Canariese ...... 26 ' Corteleau . Jacques ...... 21 1 East Brooklyn ...... 22 Bethpage ...... 33 Canarsee Baai ...... 41 / Cortelyou house ...... 23 1 East Connetquot River ...... 36 Betts. Captain Richard ...... 28 Canarsee. the ...16 . 17. 19. 26 . 30 Cortelyou house . Simon ...... 24 Eastern District of Brooklyn . Blackwell Homestead ...... 28 Canarsie Village ...... 26 Cortelyou Simon ...... 24 27. 43 Blackwell's Idand ... .1E. 17. 42 Canoe Place ...... 39. 41 Corum ...... ;...... 36 Eastern Plantation ...... 39 Block . Captain Adrlaen.31 38. 42 Cap Tree Island ...... 34 C0rum Baptist Church ...... 36 Eastern tribes. the ...... l7. 34 Bloom house. Nicholas ...... 23 Carmand. Robert ...... 38 Cossikan ...... 23 , Easthampton Church ...... 40 Blue Point ...... 35. 37 Carman's River ...... 36 Counties. the ...... 18. 41 Easthampton Plantation. Bogardus. Dne Everardus ..... 28 Caroline Church ...... 36 Count's Beach. the ...... 24 17. 39. 40 . Page Page Page Easthampton Population. Fort Amsterdam ...... 41 Green Hook ...... 28 Hoyonock ...... 40 40. 41 . 43 Fort Franklin ...... 34 Greenpoint ...... l 9. 26 Hudde. Adrian ...... 21. 26 Easthampton T0~n.17.18. 40. 41 Fort Gibson 41 Greenport ...... 37 Hudson. Hen& .14. 42 page ...... Easthampton Turnpike ...... 40 I Fort Diamond ...... 24 Greenport Harbor ...... 37 Hudson . Stephen ...... 35 Rasthampton Village ...... 40 Fort Hadltor; ...... 23. 24 Greewijck ...... l 9. 23 Hunter. Captain George ...... 28 East Island ...... 32 Fort Hi11 ...... 32 ~renenBerghen ...... 19 Huntempoint ...... 28 East Marion ...... 37 Fort Lafayette ...... 24 Grenen Hout punt ...... l 9. 26 Huntington Church ...... 33 East Norwich ...... 32 Fort Neck (Hempstead) . Grenen Punt ...... 19. 26 Huntington Harbor ...... 34 Eastport ...... -31 31. 32. 33 Grenewijck ...... 19 Huntington Population ..3 4. 41. 43 East Riding ...... 18 Fort Neck (Islip) ...... 35 1 Grimn House ...... 38 Huntington Town ...... l 8. 33. 41 East River ...... l6. 19. 20 . 42 Fort Neck (southold) ...... 37 1 Grimn . John ...... 38 Huntington Village ...... 3 3. 41 East Setnuket ...... 36 Fort Neck House ...... 33 Groote Beai. de ...... 41 Huyck, Aertsen ...... 21 East Williamsburg ...... 29 Fort Pond ...... 40 Groote Barent Eylandt ...... 42 Hyde Park ...... 31 East Woods ...... 32. 33 Fort Salonga ...... 35 Groote RMer. de ...... 41 Eaton . Governor ...... 3 3. 36 Fort Slongo ...... 35 Gull Islands ...... 16. 37 I Eaton Manor ...... 34 Fort Stevens ...... 28 Gunthemille ...... 25 Ihpetonga ...... 21 Eaton's Neck Lighthouse .....34 Fort St. George ...... 36 Guyney ...... 24 Indian Trails ...... 19 Eaton's Neck ...... 34 Fort WikoU ...... 40 Gysbert Op Dyck ...... l 6. 24 Indlan War . .l 7. 20 . 21. 23. 26. 28 Ebeling. Prof...... 14 Fort Wood ...... 41 Gysbert Idand ...... 24 Indlans. The ...... 16 Eboracum ...... 18 Foster Meadow ...... 31 Island of the Bears ...... 16 Eldert homestead ...... 26 Foster Meadow Presbyterian Isle of Patmos ...... 38 Church ...... 31 -Eldert. . . Johannes ...... 26 H Isle of Wight ...... 36. 40 bl~rabeifi...... 42 Focnteiz Inn ...... 27 1s:lp ...... ?3. 35. 36 . 41 Elimbeth Joe ...... 37 Fowlers. The ...... 40 Hackensack Indians ...... 42 Islip Estate ...... 35 Elizabethtoan ...... 42 Francis Cove ...... 32 Hackensack River ...... 42 IsUp Population ...... 3 5. 41. 43 Elliott house ...... 29 Franklin. Governor ...... 34 Hale. Nathan ...... 34 Isola Lange ...... 38 Elliott Manor ...... 29 Franklin. Walter ...... 29 ' ~allett. Gideon ...... 29 Ellis Island ...... 4 1. 42 Frederick Lubbertsen .... .17. 21 1 Hallett's Cove ...... 28 J Freeport 31 a Hallett William 28 English Kills ...... 28 ...... Jackson Homestead 29 Fresh Meadow 29 Hallock Peter 37 ...... English Towns. the ...... 18 ...... 1 ...... 28 Friends Academy 32 1 Halsey House 39 Jackson. Tho- B ...... Equendito ...... 26 ...... Hellakers 23 Friends Meet:ng Hoee. Beth- Hamllton. Col ...... 30 Jacob ...... ~rasrnus=all ...... 25 I Jacob Wolphertsen ...... 1 7. 26 Erskine . Lord ...... 39 Wge ...... 33 Hamton ...... 39 31 Jagger Farmhouse ...... 39 Eurewic ...... 18 Friends Meeting House . Flush- I arbor Hill ...... 16. 17 30 Ing 29 ~ardscrabble 33 Jamaica Band ...... Evergreen ...... 27 ...... 1 ...... 16. 17. 19 30 Friends Meeting House. Jer- / Hardy Corn...... 38 Jamaica Bay ...... Evergreens. Cemetery of the. . Jamaica Court ...... 30 19. 27. 29 icho ...... 33 1 Harlem River ...... 42 Friends Meeting House. Ma- Harsimus ...... 42 Jamaica Dutch Church .... .3 0. 32 Execution Rocks Lighthouse ..15 Jamaica Population ...... 30 41 tinecock ...... 32 / Hartford. Treaty of ...... 3l. 32 . Frost William 32 Hastings 28 Jamaica Presbyterian Meeting ...... House 30 Furrnan House 29 Hauppauge 35 ...... F ...... Jamaica Town .16. 30 41 Furman's Island 28 Hauppauge Road 35 ...... Farmingdale ...... 33 ...... Jamaica Village .l8. 30 31 41 Havemeyer Point Inn 34 ...... Farms. The ...... 33 ...... James, Duke of York .l 8.36 Hazsrd. James ...... 27 ..... Far Rockaway ...... 31 G Jamesport ...... 39 Farrett James...... l7. 32 38.40 Head of Cow Harbor ...... 31 . . Gamoenepa 42 Head of the Harbor 35 Jan Aertsen ...... 21 Fanett's Island ...... 38 ...... Jan de Swede 27 Garden of the West India Co.42 Heckewerder. 7.: 7 :...... 14 ...... F~~~~.John ...... 32 . ... Jan Evertsen Bont 21 Gardiner. David 40 Heemstede 30 ...... Ferry. The ...... 17. 19. 21 ...... I ...... Jan Jansen 28 Gardher Homestead 40 Heeregracht. de ...... XI. 23 ...... ~l~~ l=land ...... 35 ...... Jan Teunissen 21 Gardiner. John 40 Hegeman. Adrian 22. Z3 26 ...... Fire Island Beach ...... 35. 36 ...... 1 ...... Jan Tomassen 23 Gardiner Lyon.18. 33. 34. 36 40 Hellegat 42 ...... Flre Island Lightho~~se...... 35 ...... Jan Van Rotterdam 21 38 Hellgate .28. 42 ...... pire place ...... 37. 41 Gardiner's Bay ...... Jean Gerardse 28 Gardiner's Island .l 8. 36. 40 Hellgate Ferry 28 ...... Fire place Church ...... 37 ...... Jericho .33. 41 Gardiner's Neck 34 Hellgate Islands 26 ...... First Dutch Church on LO& ...... Johnson House 25 Garretsen House 29 Hellgate Neck .1 7. 28 30 ...... rsland ...... 25 ...... Johnson's Land 24 17 Hempstead Dutch Church 31 ...... First ~piscopal Church on Gebroken Land ...... Jones Homestead 33 36 Hempstead Episcopal Church ...... Long Island ...... 36 George I1...... Jones. Major Thomas ...... 33 First General Assembly ... .I8. 31 George's Neck ...... 35 31. 32 First Methodist Church on Gerrettsen Creek ...... 19. 25 Hempstead Harbor ...... 31. 32 Long Island ...... 29 Gerrettsen Creek . Mi11 at..... 26 Hempstead Plain ...... 31 K Fishersp Hook . The ...... 16 Gheele Eioek ...... 2 1. 22 1 Hempstead Population .31. 41. 43 Kakapoteyno ...... 21 Flshe~'Island ...... 16. 37. 38 Gibb. Andrew ...... 35 H e m P s t e a d Presbyterian Kanapaukah ...... 17. 28 Fishers' Island Lighthoua .. 38 Gibbet Island ...... 26. 41 church ...... 31 Kennedy's Island ...... 41 Fishers' Island Sound ...... 38 Gibbs. Charles ...... 26 Hempstead Rectory ...... 31 Keshkechqueren ...... 1 6. 26 ~ishHouse ...... 28 Glen Cove ...... 32 I Hem9s:eaZ S~amp...... 23 Ketano~locke ...... 33 Fish. Jonathan ...... 28 Glenhead ...... 32 Hempstead Town. Keuters' Hook ...... 25 Fish Point ...... 28 Gloucester County ...... 40 16. 17. 18. 30. 32. 41 Kidd . Captain ...... 31. 40 Fish. Samuel ...... 28 Godyn's Baal ...... 41 Hempstead Village .... .l4. 18. 31 Kidd's Rock ...... 31 Five Dutch Towns. The ...... -20 Goetze's Hotel ...... -30 Hendrick's Blue ...... 24 Kieft, Governor Willla m. Five Proprietors. The ...... 32 Good Ground ...... -39 Hercules ...... 39 16. 17. 20. 26. 41. 43 Flatbush Church ...... 25 Goodyear. Stephen ...... 38 Herrick, William ...... 28 Kievlt's Hoeck ...... 36 Flatbush Population ...20. 40. 41 Gooseband. The ...... 16 Hewlett family ...... 31 Kijkuit ...... 26. 27 Flatbush T0m.n. Gosman House ...... 28 Hewlett. George ...... 28 Kil Achter Kol ...... 42 16. 19. 20. 25. 26. 41 Governor's Island ..l6. 17. 41. 42 Hewlett's Island ...... 28 Kill Van Kull ...... 42 Flatbush Village ...... 25 Gowanis ...... -22 Hicks Beach ...... 17 Kil Van Kol ...... A2 Flatlands Church ...... 26 Gowanus ...... 17. 19. 21. 22 Hicks Neck ...... 31 Killingsworth ..... - ...... 32 Flatlands Neck House ...... 26 Gowanus Cove ...... 20. 23 Hicks. Thomas ...... 30 King David Pharao ...... : .. 40 Flatlands Neck Schoolhouse ..26 Gowanua Creek ...... 19 Hitchings. Benjamin ...... 25 King. Rufus ...... 30 Flatlands Population. Gowanus Mill ...... 23 1 Hobbamock ...... 16 Kings County . 20. 26. 40. 41 Gowanus Stonehouse ...... 23 Hoboken ...... -42 14. 17. 18. 19. 20. 41 Hobuk 42 Flatlands Town.16. 19. 20# 26. 41 Gravesend Bay ...... 25 ...... Kings County. Capital of ...... 25 Flatlands Village ...... 1 9. 26 Gravesend Church ...... 24 Hog Island ...... 32. 42 Kings County Court ...... 24. 25 Flats ...... 17 Gravesend Population .. 20. 40. 41 Hogs Island ...... 30 Kings County Courthouse .....25 Flat Top Tree ...... 40 Gravesend Town ...l6. 20. 24. 41 Hoopaninak ...... 26 Kings County Jail ...... 25 Fletcher. Governor ...... 35 Gravesend Village .... .l 4. 18. 19 Hope . The ...... 24 Kings County Militia ...... 20 Flushing and N. Hempstead Gray Goose Band. The ...... 16 Ho~~akanhackin~...... 42 Kings County Poorhouse ...... 25 Turnpike ...... 30 Great Bay. The ...... 41 Hoppoque ...... 35 Kfngs County Population. Flushing Bay ...... 28. 29 Great Cow Harbor ...... 34 Horse Neck ...... 33. 34 18. 20. 40. 41. 43 Flushing Creek ...... 28. 29 Greater New York City ....18. 43 Horton. Barnabas ...... 37 Kings County PostofBce ...... 22 Flushing Guardhouse ...... 29 Great Flat. The ...... 26 Horton House ...... 37 Kin- County Taxable Valua- Flushing Hotel ...... 30 Great Gull Island ...... 38 Horton's Point ...... 37 tion ...... 2 0. 41 Flushing Meadows ...... 28 Great Hog Neck Island ...... 41 Hossemus ...... 42 King's Highway ...... 24. 26 Flushing Population .. .30. 40. 41 Great Neck ...... 36 Howard. Jonathan ...... 29 Kings Manor ...... 30 Flushing Town ...... 29. 31. 41 Great Peconic Bay ...... 39 Howard's Halfway House .....25 Kioshk ...... 41 Flushing Village. .. .14. 18. 30. 41 Great Plains. The ...... 24 Ho-r d. William ...... 25 Kirk . Richard ...... 31 Flushing Village Ha11 ...... 30 Great Pond ...... 40 How. Daniel ...... 3 2. 39 Kleyne Baal. de ...... 41 Folstone ...... 32 Great Rams Island ...... 38 Howell. Edward ...... 39 Kleyne Barent Eylandt ...... 42 Forge ...... 41 Great South Bay ...... l6. 34. 36 Howell Homestead ...... -38 Kleyne Rivier. de ...... 42 Forge River ...... 36. 37 Greenfield ...... 25 Howell House ...... 39 Kol. 't ...... 42 Forester. Captain Andrew. ....17 Green Hills ...... 19 Howell . Silas ...... 39 Konkhunganick ...... 40 46 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Page Page Page Konooh ...... 16' Manning's Island ...... 42 Montfort . Pieter ...... 17~Nisse~uogue ...... 35 Manor 36 Montressor Island 42 .3 4. 35 gowechowen House ...... 28 ...... page ...... Nissequogue Rlver ...... ~~~upelbosch...... 22 Manor of St. George ...... 36 l Montrose Village ...... 31 Nissequogue South Farm ...... 35 Krui~pad.het ...... 19 Manors. The ...... 20 Moody. Lady Deborah .... .2 4. 25 Nomlnick Hi11 ...... 40 Manorville ...... -36 Moore .Houses ...... 28 Nonowantuck ...... 36 L Manowtasquott ...... 37 I Moore Rev. John ...... 28 Noorman's Kil ...... 27 Marine Pavilllon ...... 31 Moriches ...... 3 6. 37. 41 Noort Kil. de ...... 42 Lake Ronkonkoma ....me. J1. 35 Marosplnck .I 6. 31 Morris Lewis 32 Noort Rlvier. de 41 31 ...... Lakevllle ...... Martense Family 25 Mosyuetah 32 Noort West Xi1 42 34 ...... Lane. Danlel ...... Martense House ...... 25 Mount Misery 36 Nooten Eylandt .2 6. 41 25 .....,...... Lana. John ...... Martin. Governor ...... 31 Mount Prospect ...... 38 North Brooklyn ...... 22 httingtown ...... 32 Marychkenwickingh .I 6. 17 Mount Sinai -36 North Dumpling Lighthouse 38 2s ...... bwrence. Homer ...... Maspeth 28 Mowbray. John 35 37 John 30 ...... Northdeet ...... Maspeth Hills 29 Muhlenburgh. Dr 30 North Hempstead .3 0. 41 Lawrence's Neck -30 ...... Maspeth .Island ...... 28 Mulford House ...... 37 North Hempstead. pop 31 41. 43 Lswrence. Thomas 30 ...... Massapeaque ...... 16. 17 Munnawtawkit 38 40 Lswrence. 30 ...... North Neck ...... Massapeaque River 16 Murray Hill -30 Northport 34 Lebanon Cedar 40 ...... Massapeasus Tribe .31. 32 33 Musket0 Cove 32 North Rlding .1 8. 31 (Bunting- ...... Lenerts Homestead Masters* Mi11 27 Musgytte Hool 26 North River 41 34 ...... ton) ...... Mastic .36. 37 Mystlc River 36 39 25 ...... North Sea ...... Lererts House (Flatbush) .... MasticNeck 36 Northwest .4 0. 41 LeuertsHouse. Leuert (Brook- ...... Mastic River ...... 36 Norwich 32 lyn) -23 N ...... Matinecoc 16 Nowedonah .3 9. 40 Leuerts House. Leflert (Bush- ...... Matinecoc Tribe . I Nacha-auatuck ...... 33 xoyrc ...... 40 wick) ...... 27 17. 29. 31. 32. 33. 35 1 Naieck ...... 23 LeUerts House. .Rem CBrook- ~~tl~~~~~k...... 32 Na~ier...... 24 Iyn) ...... 23 Matlnecough ...... 26 Narragansett River ...... 36 0 Leni Lenape ...... -16 ~atouwac 17 Narraganset Tribe .14. 40 Oakland Cemetery ...... 40 33 ...... 25 Leveredge ...... ~~t~~~~~~.~h~ ...... 14.16. 17 Narrasketuck ...... 34 Oaklands ...... LeverichLeverlch. HomesteadCaleb ...... 29 ~atsepe...... 16 Narrows. The ...... l 6. 24. (1 Oak Neck ...... 32s 35 ...... zs Mattano ...... 23 Nassau ...... 17 Occombamack Neck ...... 37 Leverlch. Wllllam ...... 32 ~attaveno...... 23 Nassau County ...... 18. 43 OeSter ...... -32 Lewis. Francis ...... 30 ~attelnay...... 36 I ~assauFerry ...... 23 OeSter Eylandt ...... 34 ~~ttit~ck .37. 41 Nassau Rivier 41 Ohio . Ship ...... 39 37 ...... LeHommedleu House ...... ~~ttit~~gcreek ...... 37 Nasseconsack ...... 35 Old Bouwery* the ...... 24 Lfnnaean Gardens ...... a 30 Mattituck Presbyt. Church ....37 xavy Yard ...... 1 7. 23 Old Brickhouse. the ...... 33 Little Bay. The ...... 41 Mattituck Village ...... 37 Nayack ...... 1 7. 23 Old Bushwick Road ...... 27 Little Gull Island ...... 38 Maumanum ...... 39 Na~ackIndians ...... 23 Old Farm. the ...... 28 Little Gull Island Lighthouse .31c Mauritius Rivier ...... 41 Neapeague ...... 40 Old ...... 37 Little Neck ...... 30 . 31. 36 Maurits Rivier ...... 41 Near Rockaway ...... 30. 31 Old Lighthouse ...... 37 Little Neck Bay ...... 30 McDonald. Dr...... 30 Near Rockaway Methodist OldMan's...... 36 Little Neck Hotel ...... 30 McGee House ...... 26 Church ...... 31 Old Man's . Little Rams Island ...... 38 Meadowbrook ...... 31 Necommack ...... 36 Church ...... s6 Little River. The ...... 42 Mechowodt ...... 16. 33 Needham ...... 41 old Man's Harbor ...... 36 Livlngston. Col...... -38 ~~c~~ B~~ ...... 39 Nesaquake ..... 16. 17. 33. 34. 35 old Newtown Road ...... 28 Lloyd. James ...... 34 Mecoxe. Mecocks ...... 39 Netherlands ...... 20 Old Place. *he ...... 16 Lloyd's Neck ...... 3 3. 34 Megapolensis Rev ...... 25 New Amsterdam ...... 2 0. 21 Old Woodpoint ...... A -26 34 . 35 Lloyd's Point Lighthouse. .... ~~l~~~~ Rail ...... 2s Newark ...... 42 Olympic ...... LOCUS^ Valley ...... 32 Melville ...... 34 Newark Bay ...... 42 Onderdonck ...... 31 ~ocustValley R e f 0 r m e d Memanusack ...... 35 New Arnheim ...... 2s Onek House ...... 39 Church ...... 32 Merosuck ...... 39 New Bridge ...... 31 Onek "Int ...... 39 Lonely Barn. The ...... 30 Merric. Merrlcoke . .l6. 17. 31. 33 New Brooklyn ...... 22 Oost Rivier. de ...... 42 Long Beach Lighthouse...... -37 Merrick Road ...... 37 New England Colonies ..18. 36. 39 OoStwout ...... ~...... -25 Long Island ..l 4. 17. 18. 36. 38 . 42 ~~~~i~k~p ...... 41 (Tribes 14.) Oquenock ...... 35 Long Island a Century Ago ..-11 ~~~~~ttgills ...... New Ferry. The ...... 22 Orange ...... -40 Long Island City ...... 27 Meutelaer Island ...... 26 New Haven Colony. Orient ...... 37 Island Ferry...... 22 Mexico. ship 31 18. s3. 3). s6. 37 Orient Point ...... 37 .l 4. 18 ...... 37 Long Island ~opulation... Miamegg ...... 39 New London ...... 38 Orient Village ...... Long Island Sound 15.16. 42 Oriwie Creek 35 . Miamogue ...... 39 New LO~S Church ...... 26 ...... Miantacutt ...... 40 New Lots Population...... 20 OriWie Lake ...... -35 ~~f~,",l~ac~:~ 40 ::.. :.: :.!: ..:: Middelburgh ...... l7. 19, 25. 28 New Lots Town ....I 6. 19 . 20. 25 OSborne House ...... Lord Howeo .. Middelwoud ...... 19. 22. 25 New Lots Town Ha11...... 26 Oude ...... 42 Losee House ...... 31 Middle Xeck ~osd...... IS New ~otsvillage ...... 25 Ouse ...... ee-18 Love Island ...... 41 Mlddleton. Thomas ...... 38 New Lotts of Bushwick ...... 27 Oyster Bank ...... 42 Lovelace. Governor ...... 17 . 41 mddletown ...... New ~ottsof Flatbush...... 2s Oyster Bay ...... 32 . 39 Lubbert's Swamp ...... -28 ~iddlevillage ...... 29 New Marlret ...... 31 Oyster Bay. First Baptist &liddie Village Meth. Church ..zg New ill^ ...... 35 Church ...... 32 k::': gzG'& ;;;. : : : : :it Midwout ...... 16. 20. 22. 25 New Netherland ...14, 17. 18. 20 Oyster 41. 43 Luqueer's Mi11 ...... 23 Milford ...... 42 Newtown Creek ...IS. 26. 27. 28 Oyster Bay Lusm ...... 33 Militia of Province ...... 41 Newtown Dutch Church...... 28 17. 18. 31. 32. 33. 41 2 8 Luyster . Cornellus ...... MLlitia of County ...... 4l ~~~t~~~ presbten church .....28 Oyster Bay Village ...... 32. 41 Luyster Farm 28 . Oyster Island 42 ...... Mill Creek ...... 39 Newtown P. E. Church...... 28 ...... Luyster House ...... 28 Miller Andrew ...... 36 Newtown Town. Oyster Ponds ...... 37 . 38 Miller House (Millers Place) ...36 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 27. 28. Oyster Ponds. fort at...... M bliller House (Roslyn) ...... 31 Newtown Village ...... IS. 41 Oyster Ponds Point ...... 38 Macutterls ...... 26 Miller House (~illi~&~bur~h).~7New Utrecht Church...... 24 OPter Ponds ...... -41 .l6. 17 Maereck. Maereckkaak .... Millers Place ...... 36 New ' Utrecht Population. Maereckkaakwlck .... .16. 17. 21 Miller. William ...... 36 20. 24. 40. 41 P Mahican ...... 16 Mlll Hill ...... 32 New Utrecht Town . Paggauck ...... 41 Maldstone ...... 39. 40 Mills. The ...... 37 16. 17. 19. 20. 23. 41 Palmer House ...... 28 Makeopaca ...... 25 Millvllle ...... 36 New Utrecht Village ..IS. 21. 23 Papermill on Orlwie Lake .....35 Mallard Inn ...... 37 Minasseroke ...... 36 Newwark ...... -29 Papermill Roslyn ...... 31 Manchonock ...... 36. 40 Minnahanonck ...... 42 New Pork City...... 43 Parkville ...... 25 Mancy . Francis ...... 34 Minnlssis ...... 41 New Pork. Colony of ...18. 37. 40 Passquesset ...... ,... 38 Manetts ...... 16 Mlspat Band ...... 16. 17. 28 New Pork. County of ...... 40. 41 Passaic River ...... 42 Manette ...... 16 Mispat Kil ...... 28 New York Ferry ...... 23 Patchoag ...... l6. 35. 36 . 37 Manetto Hill ...... 33 ~lspatSettlement ...... 28 New Pork Harbor. Map of ....41 Patchogue ...... 37. 41 ManhansackaahaquaVswamock38 Mltchell . Dr. Samuel ...... 31 New York. Provlnce of ...... 18 Patchogue Church ...... 37 Manhanset ...... 16. 17. 38. 40 Mltchell . Henry ...... 30 New York. State of ...... 43 Paterquos ...... 38 Manhasset ...... 1 6. 17. 38. 40 Mitchell Homestead ...... 29 Niamuck ...... 39 Patmos. Isle of ...... 38 Manhasset Neck ...... l5. 16. 31 Mitchell Lighthouse ...... 31 Nieuw Amersfoort .....l 9. 20. 26 Patroons ...... 20 Manhasset Village ...... 31 Moeung ...... 25 Nleuw Amsterdam ...... 2 0. 41 Paulus Hoeck ...... -42 Manhattan Borough ...... 43 Mohawks ...... I 9. 31 Nieuwe Dorp ...... 2 3. 24. 42 Paumanack ...... 16. 17 Manhattan Indians ...... 13. 23 Momoveta ...... 40 Nieuw Nederland ...... 41 Pauquacumsuck ...... 39 Manhattan Island. Mongotucksee ...... 39 Nicolls . Col . Richard ...... I 8. 24 Pauwe Baa1 ...... 42 16 . 20. 28. 41. 43 Montalpne Rivler ...... 41 Nlcolls . Governor... 24. 31. 34. 38 Pavonla ...... 20. 42 Manhattan Trlbe ...... 16 Montauk Peninsula ...... 40 Nlcolls. Matthlas...... 34. 35 Payne Boyhood Home ...... 40 Manhattans Rivler ...... :... 41 Montauk Polnt ...... 40. 43 Nlcolls Rlver ...... -35 Payntar family ...... 28 Manlttuwond ...... 38 Montauk Trlbe ... .l4. 16. 17. 40 Nlcolls . Willlam ...... 35 Peck slip Ferry .. ., ...... 20 Mannahanlng ...... 25 Montfort . Jan ...... 17 Ninlgret ...... -34 Peconlc Bay ...... 37. 38. a9 Eagle Library-GENERAL INDEX 47

page ' page I Page ( ?age peconlc Creek ...... a 8. 41 Remsen. Abraham ...... 29 Setauket ...... 16 St. John's Eplscopal Church peconic Mills ...... 38. 41 1 ems sen. Jeromus ...... 29 Setauket Church ...... 36 (Islip) ...... 35 pelletreau house ...... 39 1 Remsen Mill ...... 23 Setauket Gristmill ...... 36 St. Paul's College ...... 30 pembroke ...... 32 Renselaerwljck ...... 20. 35 Setauket Harbor ...... 36 St. Ronan's We11 ...... 28 penawltz. Penhawis ...... l6. 21 Rkode Island ...... 21. 32 Setauket Town ...... 36 Staaten Eylandt ...... 42 penfold Family ...... 28 Richmond Borough ...... 43 Setauket Town Ha11 ...... 36 Staten Island.16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 23 pennoyer. Robert ...... 24 Rlchmond County ...... 18. 40. 41 / Setauket Tribe ...... l7. 33. 36 Staten Island Sound ...... 42 Perth Amboy ...... 42 Hldgewood ...... 27 Setauket Village ...... 3 6. 41 Statistics ...... -40 Philip Gerardse ...... 28 Ridings. he ...... 18 I Sevilla ...... 36 I Stephen. Chlef ...... 40 pine Island ...... 24 Rlker House ...... 28 I Sewan ...... 17 Sterling. Dowager of ...... 17 Pine Lands ...... 16 Riker's Island ...... 28 Sewanhacky ...... 17 Sterling. Wllliam . Earl of . Pine Region ...... 17 1 Rlnnegaconck ...... 16. 17. 21 SoySeY. Seiseu ....:...... 17. 23 17. 31. 38 Piping Rock Farm ...... 32 ' Rising Sun Tavern ...... 25 Shanscomacocke ...... 26 Sterling Village ...... 37. 41 Place. the ...... 32 Rlverhead ...... 37 Shatemuck ...... 41 I Stevens Rouse ...... 28 Plandome ...... 31 Rlverhead Courthouse & Jail ..37 Sheepshead Bay ...... 25 Stevens Point ...... 28 Plum Gut ...... 38 Rlverh-d Population .. .39. 41. 43 Shellmoney ...... 17 Stevenson. Thomas ...... 28 Plum Island ...... 16. 37. 38 . 41 Riverhead Town .... .l7. 37. 38. 41 Shelter Island ...... l6. 35. 37. 39 stillwell Family ...... 24 plum Island Lighthouse ...... 38 Rlverhead Village ...... 38. 41 Shelter Island Population . Stillwell House ...... 25 Pluyrn Gate ...... 38 River Indians ...... 24 38 . 41. 43 Stonlngton ...... 38 Plymouth Company . The .....17 mver. !the ...... ,...... 41 Shelter Island Sound ...... 40 Stony Brook ...... 35. 36. 41 poggatacut ...... 40 Rlvler Achter ~01...... 42 Shelter Island Town . Stooten Eylandt ...... 16. 42 Point SaY-Brook ...... -36 Rivier Hellegat ...... 42 17. 18. 37 . 38. 41 Story Homestead ...... 25 - Strand The 26 Polhemus Estate ...... 28 ( Robbins ~~~f ...... 42 Shinacock ...... 40 ...... Polhemus. Theodorus ...... 27 ~~bi~~~~l~~d...... 37. 38 I Shinnecock Bay ...... 39 Stratton. Eliphalet ...... a0 political DivisIon of the ~~~k~~~~ band ...... 16 Shinnecock Creek ...... 39 Strsttonport ...... 30 Island ...... 18 Rockaway Bay ...... 16. 30 Shlnnecock ills ...... 39 Strong's Neck ...... 36 PompumO ...... 39 Rockaway Beach ...... 31 1 Shinnecock Lighthouse ...... 39 Stroom Kil ...... 26 Ponquogue Neck ...... 39 R~~~~~~~ let ...... 30 Shinnecock Neck ...... 39 Strycker House (Flatbush) ....25 poor Bowery ...... 28 ~~~k~~~~ ~~ib~...... 17. 28. 30 Shinnecock Reservation ...... 39 Strycker House (Gravesend) ..25 Poor Farm ...... 28 ~~~k~+~~Village ...... 41 Shinnecock Tribe ...... l 7. 39. 40 Stuyvesant . Director General. Poosepatuck ...... 36. 37 ~~~k ...... 31 Shoobrook ...... 32 . 14. 20. 26 . 32. 41 population of Colony of N . Y ..40 ~~~k~ point ...... 37 Shooters Island ...... 42 Suanhacky ...... 16. 17 Success 31 population of Long Island . ~~d~~b~~~h...... 36 Sichteyhacky ...... 36 ...... 40. 41: 43 ~~d~~~ . D~...... 30 Silver Lake ...... 38 SUC-~SSPond ...... 31 population of New Netherland. R~~ ~~t~l(patchogue) ...... 37 Simcoe. col...... 32 Suffolk County .... .l6. 17. 18. 41 14. 40 R~~ house (port jefferson). ..36 Sinderman. Matthew ...... 32 Suff0lk County Population. Poquatuck ...... 37 ~~~g~~k~~~pond ...... 31. 35 Sinnecox ...... 16. 17. 39 15. 40 41. 43 poquot ...... 36 ~~~d~ ~~~k.vt...... 21. 22 Sintsink (Hempstead) .l6. 17. 31 Suffolk Courthouse & Jail ..39. 41 port Jefferson ...... 36 ~~~d~ ~~~~~i~~ ...... 21 Sintsink (Newtown) ...... 17 SuUolk Freeholders ...... 41 hmmers House 32 Port Jefferson Harbor ...... 36 ~~~l~~ Papermill -31 Sisakus ...... 42 ...... Sunderland Matthew 32 Port May ...... 41 R~~~~~ Flourmlll ...... 31 Skillman House (Bushwick) ...27 ...... Sunnyside 28 Port Washington ...... 31 Roslyn Village ...... 31 Skillman House (Roslyn) ..... 31 ...... post Road ...... 24 Round Island 28 Skookwams Neck ...... 35 Sunsquam'p Village ...... 34 ...... Sunswlck 2s Pot Cove ...... 28 Rouse Thomas ...... 38 'langenbergh ...... 42 ...... Powell's Creek ...... -34 . sloops Bay ...... 26 Sunswick Creek ...... 28 Rumford. Count ...... 34 SUSCO~O~~~ 32 Powell. Thomas ...... 33 Rutger. Josten 23 Smith. Col . William ...... 36. 37 ...... Su~co'sWigwam 32 Praa. Captain Peter ...... 28 Rustdorp ,, 30 Smith. Epenetus ...... 35 ...... Smith Family Burial Place 36 Suydam Ditmas Mansion .....25 prospect Hill ...... 25 Rycken. Abraham ...... 28 .... Provoost House ...... 27 Smith Farm. Dan ...... 31 Suydam House ...... 27 Rycken. Gysbert ...... ; ....28 Sweet Hollow 34 Pruym Eyland ...... 38 Rycken. Hendrick 28 Smithfleld ...... 35 ...... S~osset ...... 32. 33 Rydervs Pond ...... 25 Smith. Richard. Jr...... 34 I Smith's Island ...... 28 Sylvester, Brinley ...... 38 O i Smith's Point ...... 36 Sylvester. Constant ...... 38 . Smith Tangier 36 Sylvester. Giles ...... 35 Quaker Burying Ground 29.1 ...... S I Smithtown Bay ...... 36 Sylvester House ...... 38 Quaker Meeting House. I Sabonock ...... 36 i Smithtown Branch 35 SyIvester. Nathaniel ...... 38 Manhasset 31 saccut 31 ...... I ...... Smithtown Population 35. 41 43 Sylvester's Island ...... 38 Quaker Meeting House. . . Sachem's Bole ...... 40 1 Smithtown Presbyt . Church ...35 Maspeth ...... 29 1 Sackett . Judge. Jose~h...... 29 I Smithtown Town. Quaker Meeting House . Sackhigneyah ...... 28 18. 33. 34. 35. 41 Takapousha ...... 17. 32 westbum ...... 31 Saggaponock ...... 39 Quandoequareus Smithtown Village ...... 35 Talbot Island ...... 42 ...... Sagg Pond ...... 39 Smith. William Floyd 37 Quantuck Bay 39 ...... Tangier Smlth ...... 36 ...... Sag Harbor ...... 35. 40. 41 Smit's vly de 20 Quawnotiwock ...... 40 ...... Taxable Valuatlon of Towns . Saghtekoos ...... 35 Snake Hi11 .28. 42 Queen Anne 31 ...... 20. 41 ...... Salisbury Plains ...... 31 Sohquompuo .14. 15 Taylor. John 32 Queen 36 ...... Salt Bay ...... 30.41 SOuth BTOO~!Y~ II ...... 4,0 Queens 30 ...... -- Tenkenas ...... sammis Hotel ...... 31 South Greenfield 25 Queens Borough 43 ...... Terhune. Judge Isaac ...... 25 ...... sampawampsiqeck ...... 34 Southampton Bay 39 Queens County...... Terry's Gristmill ...... 37 Sampawam's Village ...... 34 Southampton Church ...... 39 Terry. Thomas ...... 32 14, l78 l8 19* 303 41 . Sandfort's Point ...... 29 Southampton Plantation. * Queens County Population Tew's Neck ...... 30 . Sand's Point ...... 31 17 36 39 40. 41 43 . . Thompson ...... 14. 21. 38 . Sand's Point Lighthouse .. .l6. 31 Southampton Population Thompson George 32 Queens Court ...... 41 ...... Sanfort, Chancellor Nathan ...30 39. 40 41 43 Thompson House 31 Queecs Village 34 Sanfort Hall 30 ...... 1 Southampton Town ..la. 36. 39. 41 Thompson James 32 Quinnlpiack ...... 36 Sandy Hook 41 ...... Southampton Village ...... 39. 41 Three Mile Harbor ...... 40 Quogue ...... 39 Saphorakan ...... 17 I 1 South Haven ...... 36.37 Three Plantations...... The 17 27 29 1 Sappohanlcke ...... 41 j South Hempstead ...... 30 1 Throgg's Neck ...... -30 Say and Seal. Lord ...... 36 / Southold Church ...... 37 Titus. Francis ...... 29 R Say Brook ...... 36 Southold Jail ...... 37 Tobaccus . Sachem ...... 37 Race . The ...... 38 Sayfield ...... 36 Southold Plantation ... .l7. 37. 40 Tonneman . Schout ...... 23 Race point ...... 38 Sayville ...... 36 I Southold Populatlon.38. 40. 41. 43 Topping. Thomas ...... 39 Rams Head ...... 38 Sayre House ...... 39 1 Southold Town ...... I8. 37. 38 . 41 Towns. The ...... la. 40 Rams Island ...... 40 Schenck Homestead (New ( Southold Village ...... 3 7. 41 Townsend House (Oyster Bay).32 Randall's Island ...... 16. 42 Lots) ...... 26 South Plantation ...... 39 Townsend House (Port JeUer- Rapalje house . Jacob ...... 28 Schenck House. Jan Martense.26 South Williamsburgh ...... 27 son) ...... 36 Rapalje Mansion (Brooklyn) ..23 Schenck's Mill ...... 27 ! Southton ...... 36 Townsend. Thomas ...... 33 Rapalje Tavern (Bushwick) ..27 Schermerhorn Mansion ...... 23 / Souwassett ...... 36 Treadwell's Bank ...... 35 Rapelje house (New ~ots).... 26 Schryers Hook ...... 25 I Souwenos ...... 16. 17 Turtle Hill ...... 40 Rapelje Mansion (Newtown) .. 28 Schumacher's Hotel ...... 29 i Sowanohke ...... 16. 17 Tyler Homestead ...... 40 Ratiocan ...... 34 Schutters' Eylandt ...... 42 ' Springfield ...... 30. 33 Tymen Jansen ...... 16. 28 Ravenswood ...... 17. 28 Scott. Major John ...... 18 ) Spring Hill Farm ...... 30 Ravenswood Poorfarm ...... 28 Seal Islands ...... 35. 36 1 Squaw Islands ...... 33 u Raynor. Edward ...... 31 Seatalcott ...... 34. 35 / St. Andrews.by-the-Dunes ..... 39 Ulster County ...... 40. 41 Raynorstown ...... 31 Seatalcutt South ...... 36 I St. George Church .(Flushing) .29 Unamie Tribe ...... 42 Rechhouwhacky ...... 1 5. 30 Seatuck Cove ...... 39 St. George Church (Hemp- Uncohoug ...... 36 Rechtauk ...... 41 Sea View House ...... 40 i stead) ...... 31 Underhill . Captain John ...... 32 Red Heights ...... 21 Secatoag...... l6. 17. 33. 34. 35 j St. George Manor House ...... 36 Union Hall Academy ...... 30 Red Hook (Brookiyn) . .I7. 21. 26 Secaucus ...... 42 1 St George's Manor .... .36. 37. 41 Unionville ...... 25 Red Hook (Huntington) ...... 34 Sequatogue Neck ...... 35 1 St. John's Epkcopal Church Unkechaug ...... 16. 17. 23 Red Hook Mi11 ...... 23 Sessions House of West Ridlng.20 ! (Huntington) ...... 34 Ure ...... 18 48 Eagle Library--LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. I page / Page Page 1 page v h7ainsCOtt ...... 40. 41 Whitehead. Major Daniel, Woolsey Family ...... 32 valentine ~o~~~ ...... 31 1 Walboght ...... 19. 20, 21. 2% 28. 32, 33. 35 Woolsey Farm ...... 28 Van Corlear ...... -23 . Wallabout ...... 21. 92 Whitestone ...... 30 Woolsey House (Oyater B~Y).32 .28 Van Cortlandt. Stephen...... 35 1 Wallabout Village ...... 16 Whitney. Daniel ...... 33 Woolsey Mansion (Newtown). Vanderbllt. John ...... 29 Wampmissic ...... 27 Whitman Homstead ...... 34 WOwOPOg...... 36 Wright. Edmund 32 Van der Donck...... l7. 28. 42 Wampum ...... 17 Whitman, Israel ...... 35 ...... Van der Donck's Map, Wyandance, Wyandsnch. Wandell. Thomas ...... 28 Wlght. Isle of ...... 36. 40 17. 33. 34 193 23, 38, 39 Wandewenock .27 ...... Willett. Richard ...... 35 Wyckou Farm ...... z7 Vanderveer FarmhouseHomestead ...... 29,25 Wanequaheag ...... 35 Wlllett. Thomas ...... 35 ~yckoffHomestead ...... 25 .27 .32, 33 Van Duyn Hill ...... 29 Wantagh ...... WLlliams. Robert ...... wyckoff House (Bushwlck) ...27 Van Dnyn, Willem ...... 29 Wappingdr Tribe ...... I6 Willialnebnrgh and Jamalca Wyckoff House (Gravesend). .25 Van pelt H~~~~ (Newtown). ..28 Ward's Island ...... -16. 17. 42 Turnplke ...... 29 WyckoU House (Xew Lots). .-26 Van Pelt Manor House...... 24 Warwick, Earl Of...... 36 WilUamsburgh City ....19, 20, 27 WyckoK. Pieter Cl'...... 26 Van RenseHaer, Anna...... 35 Washington, George. 31. 32. 37. 40 Williamsburgh Ferries ...... 27 Wyllis. Samuel ...... 38 Van Rensellaer Family...... 35 Washington House ...... 28 Nilllamsburgh Fountaln Inn.. 27 Van Rensellaer, Klllian ...... 35 watermill ...... 39 Williamsburgh Methodist Meet- Y Van Rupven. Cornells...... 25 WatersLde, The ...... 17. 28 ing House ...... 26 Yaphank ...... 36 Van Siclen House (Graves- wawepex ...... 33 ~illi~m~burghTown ...... 20. 27 Ye Anchorage Inn ...... end) ...... 25 Webb Farm ...... 37 Williamsburgh Village. .19, 27, 43 Yellow Hook ...... 21. 22 Van Siclen House (New Lots) .26 Wecquaeskeek ...... 16 Wimbaccoe ...... 26 Yellow Hook Mill ...... -23 Van Tlenhoven. Cornelis.. -21 weehawk, Weehawken .42 Yennecock ...... -37 -...... Windsor Terrace ...... 25 ran Twiiier. Touter. .. .i7, 16.4% I werah ...... 32 . winganhauppauge creek .... .35 Pa o:8e ===P:=ee I==. ....-39 Van Twiller's Flat...... 26 Werpos ...... 21 Winthrop, GOY. John,. ..17. 36, 38 Yonkers ...... -16 Van Wercmoven. Cornelis.. ..23 west Brooklyn ...... 22 witte mip, de ...... 30 Yonken Island ...... 28. 29 Van Zandt, Wynandt ...... 3O Westbury ...... 31. 33 Wolphert Gerretsen ...... 26 Pork ...... 18 Varcken Eylandt ...... 42 Testchester County ...... 40, 41 Wolrer Hollow ...... 32 York, Duke of...... 17. 18. 42 Vechte-Cortelyou House ...... 23 I West Deer Park ...... -34 Wolver ~ollorR~L church.. .32 Yorkshin ...... IS Veer. bet ...... 19. 22 I western Tribes ...... IT Woodbridge ...... r,. ..42 Burial Place...... 32 Verbrande Meulen. de...... 41 Westhampton ...... 39. 41 woodburp ...... -33 YOungS House (Oyster Bar). .32 Vernon Valley ...... 34 West Hills ...... 34 Wood. Edmond ...... 36 YO~~ZSHouse (Southold). ... .37 Vlsschers' Eylandt ...... 38 West India Company, Wood House, Silas ...... 34 YOmgs. Rev. John ...... 37 Vlaeck. 't ...... 25 / 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 32. Woodhull, Gen...... 23, 30 Y~~ngs,Thomas ...... 32 Vlakke Bas, 't. .22. 25 j West Island ...... 32 Wood. Jonas ...... 35 -Y wakke Land ...... 26 West Neck ...... 34 Woodpoint ...... 26 L mLssin~en...... -29 West Riding ...... IS. 20. 24 Wood. Silas ...... I4 Zabriskie Homestead ...... 25 . West Setauket ...... 36 Wood. Timothy ...... 35 Zant Hack ...... 41 W Whaley House ...... 27 Woolsey. Rev. Benjamin...... 32 Zeewant ...... 17 Wadlng Brook ...... 39 Wheelers ...... 35 I ~oolseyBurial Places...... 32 Zout Zee ...... -30. 41 36. 39. 41 I .29 .32 Wading River...... 1 white Farm. The ...... 1 ~oolseyEstate ...... 1 Zwaanendal ...... 20

HE EAGLE is the recognized authority for Long T Island news. Constant effort is made to strengthen its service. Branch offices and staff employees are main- tained throughout the Island. No newspaper in the United States covers its territory so thoroughly as The Eagle. This Library number is one of a series of annual publications that are found invaluable to subscribers. The Eagle Almanac is acknowledged to be the best reference book of its kind. No home or office library is complete without a copy. The Eagle was founded in 1841, and the first edition of the paper was printed on the third floor of 39 Fulton street, on October 26. On October 26, 191 1, The Eagle celebrated its seventieth anniversary, and was in receipt of a most remarkable series of tributes from public men, journalists, business men and newspapers, as well as readers in all parts of the world. Visitors are welcome at The Eagle Building at all times. New improvements and additions are being made at the present time, in accordance with the dominant purpose of making it the most completely equipped newspaper plant in the United States, if not in the world. Eagle Libraw--SOME PROMINENT MEN . OF LONG ISLAND 49

DAYTON

As an example of a self-made paigner he has an unparalleled man, Dayton Hedges of Pat- reputation, possessing the unusual chogue occupies a unique position. ability to win friends and' support- By his own efforts Mr. Hedges has ers from all factions and parties. risen from a lifesaver to one of Mr. Hedges was largely talked the leading business men of Pat- of as a candidate for CongreSs in chogue and to the head of the 1912, and he was urged by many of largest asphalt concern in the his party iea6ers to make the iGn, United States, besides having held but he declined a nomination, many political honors. wishing for the time to be relieved Mr. Hedges was born at Bridge- ,of political worries on account of hampton, L. I., in 1885, the son of the stress of business. He had re- Mr. and Mrs. Nathan .O. Hedges,'I cently formed the Dayton Hedges one of the oldest families on Long gaged in the coal and feed business Asphalt Company in New York Island. The house in which he was under his own name. He was very City, and was engaged with large . born is said to be the oldest house successful. Last year his company street contracts in the metropolis. in New York State. It is a fa- was incorporated as the Patchogue This company has just been in- landmark and an object of Coal and Feed Company. He was corporated as the Municipal As- much interest to thousands of married in 1907 to Mary Elizabeth phalt Company, with Mr. Hedges tourists each year. McCormick, daughter of the late at the head, and it is said to be Mr. Hedges received his early James H. McCormick, a well- the largest concern of its kind in education in public schools. When known horseman, who dieh in Ber- the United States. a Young lad he went with his par- lin two years ago. Through his political and busi- ents to Centre Moriches, where Even when only a boy Mr. ness connections, Mr. Hedges has they took over the Moriches Inn, Hedges became interested in poli- a large acquaintance throughout 2 retreat fo; SZaIiiei vacationists. tics, and the year he became or" age New York State. He is a congenial Later they came to Patchogue and found him a candidate for assessor man, who never fails to make a ran the Mascot House, a famous of the Town of Brookhaven on the friend.. He is a member of the shore resort. Democratic ticket. He was de- Masonic orders, the Elks and sev- AS a young man, Mr. Hedges feated by a narrow majority. era1 other lodges. He is also a had a love for adventure, and one In 1909. when he was only 24 member of the New York Athletic of his first outsets in life was that years old, he ran for supervisor Club, the Transportation Club and of a lifesaver at the United States of the.Town of Brookhaven, and others. He is a director in several Lifesaving Station on Great South was successful in turning the nor- banks and institutions. Beach, opposite Patchogue. He has mally Republican town into a Mr. Hedges' office is at 1451 had some thrilling experiences in sweeping Democratic victory for Broadway, New York City, and his that position. himself. Two years later, in 191 1, home is on North Ocean avenue, In 1907 Mr. Hedges left his life he was renominated and re-elected. Patchogue. He has two children, of adventure on the beach and re- He declined a renomination for a James Dayton Hedges, 5 years old, turned to Patchogue, where he en-. third term in 1913. As a cam- and Burke Osborn Hedges, 3 years. 50 Eagle LibraryCOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISi

HENRY P. KEITH

Henry P. Keith of Hempstead is a 1 tempts he became recognized as the gressman secured the nomination. unique and spectacular figure in the I real leader of the Democracy of Nassau Owing to this friendship Mr. Keith has I civicJife of Nassau County. No ,man I County and every year there has been been able to secure his hold on the has a more loyal following and no man a useless and futile attempt to wrest leadership and to bestow a number of is more greatly admired than he by his i this title from him. He was recognized post office appointments. Mr. Keith plitical opponents. He is at the pres- 1 as an ally of the Tammany machine of was formerly counsel to the State ent time counsel to the Board of Super- / Manhattan. but two years ago. at the Controller in Nassau County. but re- visors of Nassau County and is the rep- earnest solicitation of his many Demo- signed from that office to become resentative of Suffolk and Nassau cratic friends he threw down the gaunt- counsel to the Board of Supervisors. Counties in the Democratic State Com- let of war to the Tammany leaders and He is a lawyer of keen acumen and mittee. Although a young man, he has ! has absolutely divorced the party ma- his services to the Hempstead Village I I been the leader in the Democratic chinery of Nassau County from the Board will be remembered for the party of Nassau County for the past Tammany interests. The representa- soundness of his advice, when the decade. He is a native of Brooklyn, tive of the Democratic party in the sewer system was being inaugurated. but has lived in Hempstead Village State Committee was former Senator Although his numerous political activi- ever since his boyhood. He is a law- / Edward Bailey of Patchogue, a recog- ties necessitate his frequent absence yer by profession. His early profes- nized Tammany ally. Notice was served from his office and home, he devotes a sional career is interesting. He was on the Suffolk County resident that his great portion of his time to the prac- one of the trial lawyers for the Brook- seat was to be contested by the anti- tice of his profession and enjoys a Iyn Rapid Transit Company and it was Tammany faction. It was thought that large and lucrative practice. He is a here that he learned those qualities the position of former Senator Bailey keen student and is known as an om- which fitted him for the leadership of was impregnable, but despite the over- niverous reader. At the eIection this men. As a boy he was employed in whelming odds Mr. Keith became the fall he will play an important part and the office of former Lieutenant Gov- candidate and when the votes in the at this early time he is holding confer- ernor Sheehan, with whom he became convention were canvassed the Nassau ences with the end that there shaII be very intimate. Upon his attaining the County leader was declared the winner. larmony in the Democratic party. He age of 21 he attempted to seize the Ever since that time he has been the resides in Hempstead Village on Fulton party machinery ahd was but barely recognized leader on Long Idand of Street with his family in a large, old- defeated. It was during this campaign the anti-Tammany faction. He is a fashioned mansion, where he may be that he secured the title of "boy great personal friend of Congressman seen evenings with his beloved books. orator," a name that has been applied Lathrop Brown and it was through the to him ever since. After several at- activities of Mr. Keith that the Con- Eagle Library4OME PROMINEIV MEN OF LONG ISLAND 51

GEORGE H. FURMAN

George H. Furman of Pat- was elected District Attorney of chogue, a prominent lawyer of Suffolk County in 1905, taking the Suffolk County Bar, is a man office on January 1, 1906. In whose name will figure in the 1908 he was re-elected by a large political history of the county as majority and served until Janu- passing time will make that his'- ary 1, 1912. tory valuable. Not only as a As District Attorney, Mr. lawyer of prominence, but as a Furman made a record for the public servant of various offices, large number of convictions, but will Mr. Furman be known. he also gained popularity among Born in Brooklyn, the son of the people of the county for his Joel N. and Sarah Homan Fuk- I fairness as a prosecutor, always man, he has a claim to member- views in mind. He had always working in the ends of Justice, ship in one of the oldest of Long had a leaning toward the law, but scorning the opportunity to Island families. Furman street, and that fall he entered law build a personal reputation at in Brooklyn, is named after his school at Columbia University, the sacrifice of the guiltless. On branch of the Furman family. New York City. Four years the other hand, however, he was He is a member of the Sons of later, in June, 1893, he gradu- a relentless and uncompromising the Revolution, his forefathers at4 with honors, and corn- antagonist of the real criminal. having taken part in the strife rnenced the practice of law. He In the fall of 1912 Mr. Fur- for liberty in 1776. was admitted to the Bar in May, man was the Republican candi- Like many other self-made 1893, shortly before his gradua- date for County Judge. The men, Mr. Furman's early life tion. Progressive split in the party was given up to school teaching. Mr. Furman took up his prao defeated him, but he polled a Following his academic &u=- tice in suffo& County, where he flstteling vote, considering the tion, he engaged as a teacher, had been successful as a teacher, odds against him, running far and was principal of several and where he had many friends. ahead of the rest of his ticket. schools on Long Island, his last He soon built up a large prac- Six years ago Mr. Furman being at Brookhaven near his tice, among his clients being married Margaret Conklin, present home. As a pedagogue some of the most prominent peo- daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Smith his success can be best measured pie of Suffolk. He gained an W. Conklin of Patchogue. Mr. by the fact that during his last enviable reputation, not only for and Mrs. Furman have one son, year at Brookhaven, he was of- his broad and thorough knowl- named after his father. fered the principalship of River- edge of the law, but also for his He is a member of the Masonic head High SchooI, one of the ability as a pleader and a cross- and other fraternities. He is also largest and best paying schools examiner. a member of the Patchogue Vol- on Long Island. After holding several minor unteer Fire Department in which But Mr. Furman had other honorary offices, Mr. Furman he takes a great interest. 52 Eagle Library3OME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

Mr. Daniel J. Hegeman, treasurer of Savings Bank and takes an active in- oldest son, George D., resides on the -

Nassau County, is now serving the terest in all affairs pertaining to Nassau fh,and his daughter is at home with fourth year of his second term, and is County, as well as the Village of Sea her parents, and his younger son re- a man big enough to handle a big job Cliff, where he resides. Mr. Hegeman sides at Hempstead Harbor, Port Wash- euccessfully. Mr. Hegeman is a rep- is a native Long Islander, having re- ington. Nassau County is a busy one resentative man of the county, and for sided in the county all his life, and the and Mr. Hegeman, as its treasurer, is eighteen years has been assessor of the Hegeman farm, owned by his consin, very busily engaged looking out after

Township of Oyster Bay: Besides hold- has been in the family since 1 71 7. Mr. its finances. Many wealthy families ing many important positions in the Hegeman's own farm has been recent- have here very beautiful estates, and be large financial institutions of Nassau ly sold to Cox & Willetts, who are it said to the credit of Nassau County

County, he is a director of the Glen going to develop it into a high-class officials its affairs are governed by

Cove Bank. a trustee of the ROS!~Eresidential property. Mr. Hegeman? men of ability. Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 53 --

JAMES F. RICHARDSON

The career of James F. ~ichardson,I , course. In 1909 he was re-elected by the present highly efficient County the biggest majority ever given any i candidate in that town. In 1911 he Clerk of Suffolk County, has not been I of that meteoric sort that goes up was elected -again. During his incumbency he brought new ideas of like a rocket and comes to naught just as speedily. Rather, it has been of a steady, solid growth-a growth gained by strict honesty, square deal- I ing with all, and a close application 1 made such a success of the to business. I Mr. Richardson was left an orphan I a nomination as County and homeless at the age of 12 years, 1 but, having been born with the "stuff 1 in hlm" that makes men of value to ) the community, m matter under what j blemished public and private reputa- trying conditions they are placed, he 1 tion had preceded him all over the was not unduly cast down by what, to, big county, and voters were pleased others, might have seemed an insur- / 1 to'record themselves under his banner. mountable barrier. Inheriting his l I This is one of the most important parents' integrity and good business ' ( offices in the county. It needs a man and imbued with the knowledge started in as a newsdealer. Soon he, of capacity; such a man is now in a that to succeed his probity should be also obtained a position as newsboy I very business-like, yet courteous, way above reproach, he started out to on a Long, Island Railroad train run- / attending to its intricate details- Be- his way. worhing with I ning from Long Island City to Pat- "g public Wirited to a large desee* such an ambition, it is not surprising chogue. Here he was enabled to dis- j he has spent large sums of his private that within a few years he should play his talents and ability. Here Purse in modern5zing the indexing have reached a high round on the lad- He proved that a smiling face, a relating proceedings der of influence and affluence, that,I courteous manner and magnetic per- and other matters. This is indeed a ladder of real success. sonality, coupled with careful detail 1 vast improvement for public benefit- new ideas for the betterment Born at Bay shore, L. I., on juneto business and strict honesty, are the I Other have been 3, 1811, a son of ~h~~~~ ~li~~stepping stones to success. For @-Iof the Richardson, he moved with his parents teen years James F. Richardson / duced by him. Mr. Richardson married Bertha E., in a short time to Brooklyn, where he worked on that train. He was hailed, 1 of attended Public School N~.6 for a ! as "Jimmy" then, and though digni- ' daughter Of Joshua few brief years. At the age of 12 ir:; fied and a man of affluence now. he Brooklyn. They have one daughter, Miss Marguerite, now in college. As was necessary for him to go to work. 1s not get above being hailed as "Jim- a fraternity man he is also well His first employment was in a real ! my" to this day, which, to .the mind known and esteemed. He has asso- estate office, where the remuneration of his friends, marks the finer char- 1 I ciated himself with Meridan Lodg,e, was small, yet out of which he man: / acter of the man. F. and A. M., Islip; Awixa Lodge, aged to pay his way and save a little; During his years on the train nat- besides. He was likewise determined urally he met thousands of men. He : I. C. C. F., Islip; Snffolk Conr~i!, Royal Arcanum, Bay Shore; Islip to obtain more bwk knowledge,so, ip treated them so squarely and did 1 1 Council, Jr. 0. U. A. M., Islip; Court stead of fooling away his time nights, 1 business so capably that practically I East Pslip, F. of A.; Suffolk Encamp- he "plugged away" at- night school all became fast friends. 'i! Many of ment, Bay Shore, and the Freeport Caking up principally bookkeeping and I these were his own neighbors, and 1 Elks. He has been honored as DiP- other business subjects. i their friendship proved later to be a trict Deputy Grand Master of his odd Completing his course, he sought ! great business asset. / Fellows' district, serving with un- and obtained employment with Fred- / Naturally a man of his character usual capacity. erick Loeser & Co., Brooklyn, as a 1 and ability, and a man of his friend- I He is a self-made man in the best bookkeeper. There, as in other subse- ships, Was sought by politicians- Hav- 1 gnse of that term. His career shows quent positions, he made good in a i ing previously identified himself with / what can be accomplished by any poor way that mas a credit to himself and ! the Democratk party, he was first boy who starts with a determination brought pleasing acknowledgment chosen as an assistant to the tax col- I to be honest and industrious, and who from his employers. Still he was lector, then he was appointed on the 1 sets his eyes on ihe goal of suecesn hardly satisfied with his lot. It seemed Election Board, and given various I to be reached only through good too confining for his progressive other positions. His party leaders 1 mans. Naturally his friends are nature. He wanted to do something pleaded and coaxed for him to accept ' legion, and naturally they are proud through his own initiative-he wanted, a nomination for Town Clerk of Islip. 1 of him, both as a citizen and as a a business of his own. 1 Being "all business" he declined many public official, and it will be strange Imbued with a broadening-out policy such overtures. Finally, in 1907, he indeed if he is not further rewarded he went to Islip, L. I., in 1889, and I consented to run. He was elected, of! in public way. Eagle Library--SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND THOMAS P. BRENNAN

Thomas P. Brennan, one of Pat- lican victories, and Mr. Brennan, with chogue's foremost citizens, has had a the rest of his ticket, was naturally varied and interesting career. defeated. As a candidate he won a Brennan is agent of the Patchogue reputation as a campaigner and public Terminal of the Long Island Railroad speaker. His eloquent addresses won Mr. Company, which position he has held I for him the popular title of the "silver- for the past fifteen years. tongued orator," and he is still in de From coal miner, telegraph operator, mand as a public speaker, both for newspaper man, politician, real estate his party and at social gatherings and man and railroad man, Mr. Brennan dinners. has grasped his opportunities until he He is reputed-and does not deny has risen to several places of promi- the mild impeachment-to have a quick nence as a holder of public office, both temper, and that other quality of men in his native State of Pennsylvania of Celtic blood-a ready forgiveness. and in the State of his adoption, New In addition to his other literary qualities, Mr. Brennan occasionally York. writing, and engaged in newspaper "drops into verse." His spirited poem, Born at Tamaqua, Pa., in 1860, he work for local and city papers. "The Superannuated Life Saver," won was educated in pu'blic schools and,by I Being prominently identified with such spontaneous welcome, in its mer- private tutors. Of Irish parentage, he the literary and debating societies of ciless arraignment of the powers at was an lad, like Hazleton, Audenried and Wilkes-Barre, Washington, that a request was sent of the boys of his neighborhood, found Pa., Mr. Brennan was recomized as to him to have thousands of copies a fascination in the hazardous calling one of the gifted speakers and ready printed, at the expense of the Life of the miner. He ran away from debaters of those communities. Mean- Saving Service at Washingt0n, and school to enter the dark mouths of the while, he devoted his spare hours to . the copies were sent every member coal mines and take his place among study for ten years under some of of Congress. They were alleged to the men of the little mining commu- the best private tutors of the State. have done more to arouse Congress nity. His first occupation in life was coming to N~~ york city, M~.B~~~- to grant pensions to the life savers that of coal miner. He rose rapidly nan was for a time on the reportorial than any other single factor. with the company with which he was staff of several of the New York Brennan is a great favorite with tue connected, but soon realized the fact dailies. life savers and is usually a guest at that he must look higher and, with that 1, 1889 he came to Long ~slandand purpose, studied telegraphy and later first located at Lq=brook and later at their dinner. On January 1, 1910, Mr. Brennan taught his brothers-the boys becom- Hempstead. He was in the railroad became financial clerk of the Senate ing a "family of telegraphers." He and steamboat business, and as a side of the State of New York, serving four afterward taught a number of Young issue ran a news syndicate to the New years January last- In men, but refused to accept a dollar for York daily papers. the same time his services. he was the publisher and editor of a office he made the acquaintance of politicians and prominent througu- When a young man, Mr. Brennan local weekly, the south Shore Adv,-,- men became interested in politics, and on cate. I out the State and developed a host of becoming Of age he was elected TO- He has also always been active in friends. Clerk of the township of Kline, in the real estate investments and holds con- Unassuming in Mr. Brennan County of Schuylkill, Pa. siderable property in different parts of is, nevertheless, always alert, and his Such was the efficiency of his ad- Long Island. opinion is frequently sought on mat- ministration in his first public office In 1900 Mr. Brennan came t~ Pat- ters Of by friends and neigh- that the following election found Mr. chogue as terminal agent for the Long bors. Brennan re-elected town clerk of the Island Railroad. An efficient, pleasant He 'laims to have "few Of the township of Kline. man, he has made many friends in that virtues and many of the faults" of his At the expiration of that term he capacity, and has a wide acquaintance and thinks "that is the Was nominated for justice of the peace among the travelers and residents 1 average Of a representative citi- by the Democratic party and indorsed generally of Long Island. zen." by the Republican party, and elected Mr. Brennan has been interested in Mr. Brennan is, primarily, a for five years. He was the youngest local and State politics, and is re man and is popular with his fellow justice Of the peace ever elected in garded as an active and potent factor men, and em- Kline township. in the Democratic organization on ployees. He is a widower, with four During his political activities Mr. Long Island. He has twice been a married, T. David Bren- nan of Sayville and Mrs. William Reil Brennan was not idle in other respects. candidate for member of the State As- of Rockville His younger chil- BY his own efforts he secured a busi- sembly from the First District of Suf- dren-R. Gerard Brennan and K. Bea- ness education while engaged at the folk County, on the Democratic ticket, trice Brennan-live with their father work of telegraphy. He had ability for but both years were sweeping Repub- at his home on Baker street. Eagle Library4OME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

CHARLES J. ODEU

Many real gentlemen and men of been similarly treated by the voters, so capacity in public and private business for sixteen years he has been con- affairs have been graduated from the scientiously transacting the town's school of hard knocks, a school that is business in that direction. From 1893 bound to broaden the mind and which to 1913 he was p:esident of the board. makes more optimists than pessimists. From 1881 up to the time he was first With this preamble let us introduce elected the bay had been leased to Charles J. Odell, the Sheriff of Suffolk private parties. He was elected on a County. free bay ticket, and as soon as he took There are many people, yes, several his seat the bay became a free bay to thousand, in Suffolk County and else- , the oystermen. His accurate knowl- where who agree that Suffolk and not 1 edge of conditions and his conscienti- the man himself is the gainer because 1 ous work in treating bay subjects has he consented to listen to the leaders of ( been of incalcuable benefit to the town the Republican party and accept the and the baymen. job of Sheriff. These same people will His great executive ability is best likewise say that the brief introductory seen in the management of the jail, herewith fits Sheriff Odell to a nicety., he being elected Sheriff in 1913. He For Sheriff of Suffolk nowadays it 1 I understands human nature thoroughly. needs a real man, a humane man, yet believes there is some good in the going to sea. For three years or more I'H~ one with grit; a man of executive abil- I worst of us, and is proving it by the he sailed up and down the Atlantic ity, a man of uprightness, and a man prisoners themselves who are placed on coast in coasters, which in those days of business ability. To treat the public their honor in the big building, and be- were anything but comfortable. Dur- i right and to treat the prisoners right, 1 cause of considerate treatment they ing the last year of this hard life he as well as to attend to the intricate have not broken faith with him yet. was wrecked off Cape Hatteras. To / civil duties and privileges of the office / He allows no abuse of prisoners or pro- be precise, it was on August 18. a man must have those qualifications, fane language in handling them, yet in gale was a memorable one for many and those who didn't think "Charlie" that dignified, courteous way of his not then at sea, for the tornado was Odell possessed them before he was felt along the coast and did great dam- I they are made to understand that rules elected are sure of 'it now. age. The subject of this sketch was in] must be obeyed. His is a business ad- Literally he has knocked around the the rigging with other members of the \ ministration of the correct sort, tern- world considerably. He has even par- crew for fourteen on a stretch. I pered with justice. ticipated in a real shipwreck, one in 1 Eventually all hands wen rescued by 1 During 1893-4-5 he was assistant wliich death stared him in the face. I lifesavers. financial clerk of the Assembly, a job Yet every time he got a bump, instead F~~~~~~~~this for seven years he in which he made good, as in all of of souring his nature against men and was engaged in the menhaden fishing I his other public and private undertak- the world in general it had the oppo-,I business, shipping on the ~~~~~d~~~ 1 ings. For years he was a prominent site effect-it expanded his smile and I and the J. W. ~~~ki~~,both of which volunteer fireman and headed the big his bump of geniality; it increased his boats were singularly enough lost dur- I Patchogue department as chief. He is determination to hew to the straight ing the ~~~~i~h-~~~~i~~~war while also well known in the Masonic fra- and narrow path that leads to the suc- engaged in filibustering. ternity. cess attainable through right living and Then he entered into the commercial In January, 1885, Sheriff Odell mar- the square treatment of Your neighbor. life of Patchogue by establishing a ried Miss Harriet Dayton of Patchogue, Charles J. Ode11 was born in Harlem I grocery store, which he conducted for a daughter of Samuel and Phebe Day- December 14, 1862, the son of George twenty-two years. He disposed of his ton. They have three children-Miss H. Odell, sr., and Hannah Jennings interests just after being elected. Bernice, now teaching school at White Ode11 of Patchogue. When a little, Sheriff. In 1890 he was asked to ac- I Plains; Miss Hazel, now teaching at shaver his parents moved to Patchogue, cept a nomination as town trustee of Oceanside, and Miss Arminda, a stu- moving back again to New York after a I Brookhaven. He was beaten by one dent at the Riverhead High ~chool. short residence in Suffolk County. He vote, and that was his own ballot. 'As to personal probity, he is as attmded school in Fordham and Kings- Frank Tuthill had been on the board stanch as a rock; as to geniality, he bridge, and later for a little while at and his public work was liked by Mr. radiates sunshine. Hence it is small Patchogue. At the age of 14 years he Odell, so he voted for him instead of wonder that he is considered a citizen returned to Patchogue alone, and im- for himself. In 1891 he ran again and of the best sort and that every new mediately started his life's career by was elected. Three times since he has acquaintance is a firm friend. 56 Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG bMD

BENJAMIN GRAHAM (BAR'IZETT'S) For over a quarter of a cen- favorably with any metropolitan Elk, of pleasing personality and tury, on Main street, Patchogue, hotel. This new innoGation will a man mentally fitted to cater to has stood the best known cafe on make the new Bartlett's the only the public. Bartlett's in the past, Long Island. Bob Bartlett, European hotel on Long Island as we feel sure it wili in the fu- known to every one touring the outside the city of Brooklyn. ture, has entertained every Island, passed away last fall, While Bob Bartlett during his prominent man going through leaving Bartlett's without his life was a genial soul, well and the Island, as the slogan always genial presence. favorably known to everybody is, Chauffeur, when you reach Mr. Benjamin T. Graham has for many years, it is such a hard Patchogue, be sure to pull up at just taken over the business from 1 proposition for a new man to Bartlett's. Success to you, Mr. the estate and is very busily en- step in and take his place. But Graham, and in the thriving vil- gaged renovating the entire in Mr. Ben Graham you will find lage of Patchogue you will meet 1 premises from top to bottom, and 1 a man equipped in every way to and make very many good I is filiing a iong-feit want by fur- ifiil your wants to your complete friends, and never, we trust, re- I nishing in the most modern and Isatisfaction. Mr. Graham is a gret leaving Flatbush to make beautiful manner fifteen rooms, !hotel man of experience, an this attractive place pour home. I that when finished will compare I I Eagle Lbrary-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 57

C. MILTON ROGERS

Perhaps no ma; in Suffolk So it was not surprising when the amount of money the oeople County is better known than C. the seafarer, at the age of 35, gave were paying. His past experience Milton Rogers of Sayville, who is up the mariner's life and settled in of road construction told him just chairman of the Suffolk County his native village, that he soon be- what was needed to accommodate Democratic Committee and also came a factor in the political life the heavy traffic along the main chairman of the Suffolk County of the town. That was over twenty highway of the South Shore. Mr. Board of Supe~isors. Mr. Rogers years ago. Mr. Rogers engaged in Rogers lod a delegation of citizens has had a varied and interesting the ice business, and the present who went to Albany and waited on career that ranks him among the large Hygeia ice plant at Sayville Governor Sulzer in the matter, who foremost of Long Island's self- bearing the firm name of C. M. took it up with the Highway De- made men. Rogers & Son is evidence of his partment, with the result that the Born in Sayville, and always ability as a business man. The undesirable contract was canceled, - making it his home, the best Rogsrs plant is one of the most up and with the further result that the tribute that can be paid to him is to dgte on Long Island, equipped road is now being constructed at that he is most popular in the with every modern device for man- State expense just as the people thriving village of his birth, where ufacturing the best and cleanest ice want it done. It will be one of the he is best known. that it is possibie to make. best highways in the State when Mr. Rogers comes from an old Although often solicited to en- completed, and experts estimated Long Island family. His father ter the field of office holding, Mr. that the road first proposed would was Thomas Halsey Rogers, a sea- Rogers for many years avoided any not last a year. man. The sturdy son, who spent activity in politics except that Two years ago the popularity of many of his boyhood days fishing which he could render to his party Mr. Rogers in the Board of Super- at Fire Island Inlet, or cruising on as a private citizen. In 1900, how- visors was shown by the fact that the bay or going on a voyage with ever, when Julius Hauser of Say- he was elected chairman of the his father, naturally leaned toward ville, who was then Commissioner board, which office he still holds. the seafarer's life. After his edu- of Highways of Islip Township, be- He is a fair and dignified presiding cation had been completed in the came New York 'State Treasurer, officer, giving everybody an equal public schools, he went to sea. Mr. Rogers was prevailed upon to voice, regardless of party or faction. The art of navigation came natu- accept an appointment as Commis- Mr. Rogers has also been chair- rally to the boy of Great South sioner of Highways to fill the un- man of the Suffolk County Demo- Bay, and at the age of 16 young expired term of Mr. Hauser. cratic Committee for two years. A Rogers had charge of a small coast- Always interested in good roads, man of ploasing address and cour- ing vessel. He loved the life of the Mr. Rogers made an excellent Com- teous manner, Mr. Rogers makes sailor. He followed it until he was missioner, and served until 1904. friends easily. He has a faculty of 35 years of age, and with a great In 1905, Mr. Rogers was elected keeping the ones made. Tact and deal of success. Supervisor of Islip Town, and he diplomacy are among his chief There was only one thing that has held that office ever since. characteristics, and he has made Navigator Rogers liked better than During his term of office he has an able head for the County Com- the sea. That was politics. There been identified with every move- mittee. was only one thing that he liked ment that has tended to public wel- During the term of his office better than politics. That was the fare in the Town of Islip and in Mr. Rogers has been interested ih Democratic party. Arid let it be the County of Suifoi'~. He has aii real reform movements. He said for Mr. Rogers, that since he been particularly keen in fighting has been an advocate of adopting has come into power in the Demo- the battles of his town, and through some means of straightening out cratic party, he has done his best his efforts, in a great measure, the the piesent method of handling to keep it free from politics in the town has received some of its best county tax matters. He is a strong interest of the community which it State and town roads. advocate of an inland waterway has been his privilege to serve. An instance of Mr. Rogers' fight constructed along the South Shore Ever since he was old enough to for good roads was shown two at State and National expense. He vote, the young follower of the sea years ago, when the Bayshore- believes in assessment reform for took a deep interest in the political Patchogue State highway was the various towns. discussions and problems that con- started under State construction Mr. Rogers is a membor of the fronted the State and Nation from with specifications that were in- Masonic Order, of the Odd Fellows time to time. On voyages he had ferior and objectionable to the peo- and Royal Arcanum. He is also a plenty of time to read, and he read ple living along the line of the member of the Sayville Fire De- the sort of literature that was in- road. Mr. Rogers was one of the partment, and is an enthusiast in structive,and, when he came ashore, first to stake a stand in fighting the all firemanic matters. he was by no means "rusty" on the construction of.the road, although At the age of 23 he was married political and economic problems it was being done under Democratic to Miss Alice A. Smith, who was of the day. He surprised the old- rule. the daughter of Henry Smith of time politicians with his store of In a strong letter which he wrote Smithtown. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers information, and the force of his to the then Governor Sulzer, Mr. have one son, Clarence M. Rogers, arguments, which were always ad- Rogers pointed out wherein the who is in the automobile business vanced in behalf of Democratic specifications were inadequate, and in Sayville, and also connected with principles. were not what they should -be for his father in the ice business. Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND

LEONARD RUOFF Through the efforts of Leonard Ruoff, For a number of years past it has Clerk of the County of Queens, a bill been the custom in the oface to take from two or three months before a for the purpose of establishing a block recorded paper is returned to the party index of conveyances, mortgages, etc., recording it. All this has been done in his office, has been placed upon the away with, and papers recorded on one Statute Books. day are in the hands of the copyists This bill passed both Houses of the before two o'clock on the following day, so that a paper is now returned to Legislature, was approved by the its owner in about ten days. This in- Mayor and has been signed by the cludes comparing, checking, indexing, Governor. It provides for the estab- copying, etc., and is tfie shortest period lishing in the ofEce of an index under of time that has been known in cases every block of all transfers, mortgages, of this kind in the County of Queens incumbrances, etc., against .the real since the establishing of the Greater City. estate in that county, and is similar Of great advantage and convenience to the block and section indexes in the to the members of the bar who have counties of Kings and New York, but business dealings at the Court House it goes even further than that and at Long Island City has been the es- provides for indexing against the lot tablishing of a branch office of the County Clerk's OfEce in the Court also. It is considered an improvement House. In this office almost any busi- on the system now in use in both New ness of the County Clerk's Office can York and Kings counties. It is an be transacted, with the exception of improvement very much needed in filing and recording papers wherein Queens County, and through the action the hour and minute are essential. Of now of Mr. Ruoff, the County Clerk, course, it is impossible to have two offices 'in the one county, as where it it can be installed in the office at the is necessary in the recording to have present time and relieve a congested the hour and minute an it this could condition of indexing now in the, office. be done in only the one place. Lawyers This is only one of the many im- throughout the county and other coun- provements that Mr. Ruoff has in con- ties have found the branch office a tem of deeds there is the record num-! great convenience, and Mr. Ruoff had templation, and during his term of ber, and a separate deed number, and a bill introduced in the Legislature, office he has made many improve- in that of mortgages the same system, I which bill was passed and has become ments in the matter of public records. in addition to that of the serial number 1 a law, permitting the installing of a His activity in forcing the matter of 1 under the mortgage tax. All the re- duplicate County Seal at that office. contracts for the reconstruction of the ports on these -papers are made in Where the law was heretofore silent building is too well kno- to require carbon, and every delivery made by on a matter of this kind while the clerks from one to another is receipted Court House was located at such a any mention here. for, so that by a simple examination distance from the County Clerk's Office Among the many changes made in 1 of the re~ortsthe location of a DaDer the act introduced by Mr. Ruoff has the office, one which has been a/is made.* Every paper receive; ?or: been made general, and it is not only a great advantage is that of having a record or file receives a number, so benefit to Queens County, but also to separate index of judgments for each that at the end of each month it is other counties in the State similarly but a small matter of addition of but situated. letter of the alphabet, while heretofore a few minutes to just how His attitude since he has assumed the judaent dockets were divided many papers of any particular kind his duties as County Clerk has been into three parts, one containing the are f e&fved for that month. Sin= 1 one of public spiritedness, acting in judgments indexed against the names I larly active in his endeavors to make the interests of the public, and in an from A to G, another from H to p, and the office as fireproof as possible, he 1 endeavor to make the office of the has purchased nothing but steel furni-1 Clerk of Queens County as efficient as a third from to Z. This permitted ture, cabinets, desks, tables, etc., and is possible. only three books in the office which has endeavored, as far as lies A very important addition made to could be used by the ofEce at any one his power, to place the public records the office by Mr. Ruoff is that of the time.-, whereas now the indexes are so 1 in as safe and secure receptacles as bookbindery. In former years it was divided that it takes but a few minutes has been within his power-so to do. the custom to give out the binding of for the examination of a judgment I Owing to the uncertainty as to the re- books to private contractors, and for contruction of the building, he has this purpose the city appropriated record under the one letter. The en- / been unable to Drocure any a~~ro~ria-from $2,000 to $7,000. Mr. Ruoff has larging Of the system of indexing ne tion of she and to Gee< the ~ succeeded in having the position of tices of pendency of action, where one I needs of his oflice in this respect there bookbinder established in his office, index was used in the ofice, now three is considerable uncertainty as to just ~ and by an appropriation allowed by the indexes are made. one of the most what will be furnished with the new i Board of Estimate has established the . desirable improvements was that of building, and for that reason the Board, bookbinding plant, at a cost of less of Estimate and Apportionment has than $1,000. separating the tickler indexes of deeds not seen fit to make an allowance for I In examining records in the Coun- and mortgages. Heretofore all Papers this steel furniture. The purchases ! ty Clerk's ofice and seeking the liber recorded were indexed in one set of I which he has made were from funds / it has been found that the libers are ticklers, whereas now they are divided that were him in the regular very often in use, and in order to asso that the deeds, leases and agree- course of business for ofece furniture, certain just who is using the liber it and while he has had to make sacri- was necessary to turn it over to see ments are indexed in one set of tick- fices in some instances, still the ad- the number or nature of the record. lers and mortgages ahd assi~nmentsvantages to be gained by the ~urchas-This has all been dispensed with, as indexed in another set. 1 inz- of steel furniture will be iwefold. / the County Clerk has had little leather The system of numbering and check- 'Lne purchases have been inade with tags or titles put on the margin of the ing all papers recorded and filed is an eye to the distant future, and are cover of the book, so that no matter not for the present time .only. Steel which way the book is placed a search- such that it is almost an impossibility furniture is the most and er can see at a glance the number or for a Paper to go astray- On the sYs- is fireproof and the most sanitary. nature of it. ' Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 59

GEORGE H. KENNAHAN OF THE LONG ISLAND FARMER

A daily newspaper, published large force of men and is strict- in Jamaica by Mr. John C. ly a union shop in every sense Kennahan and his son, Mr. of the word. The Long Island ~eorge H. Kennahan, repre- Farmer also publishes the sents to what heights a small North Hempstead Record and beginning can grow. The Long the Oyster Bay Pilot. Mr. Island Farmer presents the a,p- George H. Kennahan is busi- pearance of a metropolitan ness manager of the Long Is- daily, has a large circulation land Farmer, proprietor of and is the representative paper the North Hempstead Record, of the town. Mr. John C. /which is the Democratic paper Kennahan was for many years press, three linotype machines, i of Nassau County- He is Prom- on the staff of The Eagle, hav- each and every machine in the inent in politics, a member of ing entire charge -of the Long plant run by individual motors. long standing of Typographical Island Department, in those The plant has ,its own bindery Union No- 6, known the world days covering the entire Island. and is equipped to turn out any over as "Big Six"; a native Connected with the Long Islarid job from a business card to a Long Islander, being connected I Farmer is a modern printing 2,000-page book. This plant is l on his mother's side with the I plant, comprising three large the largest printing estzblish- Webb and Giffing families, cylinder presses, three jobbing ment outside of Kings County both of whom date back to the presses and a Colt Armory on Long Island, employing a early settlers of Long Island. 60 Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND '

E. POST TOOKER

No young man on Long Island 1 Kappa Sigma fraternity, Lehigh has enjoyed a more rapid rise to j Club and the Kappa Sigma Club success in his chosen profession of New York. Leaving college, he than E. Post Tooker of Port Jef-' started out in earnest to carve his ferson, head of the architectural name. The letters have been well - and landscape engineering firm of cut and deeply .set. He heca~i~e Tooker, Marsh & Barnett, of 101 !the landscape engineer for the Park avenue, Manhattan, and Port ] I Dean Alvord Co. at Belle Terre an.1 Jefferson, but it is a success that I elsewhere; from 1908 to 1913 was has been won in the correct way landscape engineer for Charles W. and is therefore permanent. Leavitt, Jr., and during 1913 he A good old Long Island trait is' organized the firm of which he is for one's neighbors to lay aside 1 at the head. Though young in jealousy and be proud of the suc- years, the firm has already per- cess of a native son, when that formed a vast amount of work success is obtained through honest with its skilled staff of assistants endeavor and doing business in ai ' Here's a partial list: Five resi- way thzt stamps one as a good i the most modern and elaborate dences and landscape work at Al- citizen in every way; the.refore it 1 public cow barn and dairy building bertson, L. I.; estate of Felix 11. is quite natural that in Port Jef-1 in the state, to be erected at the Warburg, Hartsdale, N. Y.; estate ferson the residents boast that Mr. Suffolk Almshouse farm at Yap- of Francis E. Osborne, Derby, Tooker "belongs to us." They sa) hank, he had the Conn.; landscape engineer to the it with real pride, and mean it. /build the modern high school National Fair and Exposition As- There is probably no class of /.building in the county- This h h~1 sociation; fifty residences in Nlw work that an architect is called ! his native village of Fort Jefferson- ark for Andrew Radel; estate A. E. upon to do that is subject to as I The superintendent of schools says Atkinson, Allendale, N. J.; estate much criticism as public work. In 1 it the nearest to the idea1 rchool Johr? G. quinby, Brewsrer, N. Y.; this line the architect deals with building he ever saw. Shortly estate John K. Branch, Pawling, many minds. At first he workslafter this he again entered the N. Y.; estate Dwight J. Baum, through committees, generally of 1 arena and secured the job of de- Fieldstone, N. Y.; landscape layout several members. Naturally there / signing the $50,000 addition to the for Indiana Hospital, Indiana, Pa. are "many minds." Later, when 1 clerk's office at Riverhead -all in addition to the public work the building begins to prow, the :-three big public jobs in a small in this county mentioned above. . public in general seer ;i.e full re- county in less than two months, Thus will it be seen that much sult of the work, and again comes and all secured from a largeclass of Mr. Tooker's time has been the "many minds" to be satisfied. of competitors. His friends may taken up with public work-a work When one can fully satisfy all of well be proud of his success. I,that bears inspection and approval the committee members and get Mr. Tooker was born at Port 1 after the severest of all tests. the contract, and later can hear the Jefferson, November 1, 1886, the / One of his mottoes has been to public express themselves as satis- son of Wallace H. and Endora I first have the work right and then fied with the final result, then is Frances Davis Tooker. In 1903 he make all of those performing the one entitled to be -stamped a de- graduated from the Port Jefferson I services under him do their parts signer of the first order. Briefly High School. Little did he think'exactly right. This is evident from let it be said that Mr. Tooker has then that he would within a few I his bearing and his past perform- worked chiefly on large public 1 Years be called upon to design a I ances, and is one of the chief key- buildings and has won open ad-'new building to take the place of notes of success. Personally of a miration for originality, careful-Ithe old one where he spent his likable disposition and a genial, ness and accuracy-his work has happy school days; but for once whole-souled manner, and a deter- been of more than a pleasing sort.' this is the justness of fate. mination to win success by deserv- At present he niay be referredlI After leaving his home town ing it-these are characteristics to as the "designer for Suffolk school, he entered Lehigh Univer- that indicate a still more brilliant County." A week after winning I sity, graduating in the class of \ future for this prominent young the contract to provide plans for1 1907. He is a member of the; son of Port Jefferson. Eagle LibiarySOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 61

ROBERT S. PELLETREAU

Robert S. Pelletreau, one ofm is often heard at campaign meet- the most prominent lawyers in ings, and is much in demand as Suffolk County, Long Island, a lecturer and speaker at festive comes from a family whose functions. names are linked with the his- Coming from an old Long Is- tory of Long Island. land family, Mr. Pelletreau is a Mr. Pel etreau, the son of member of the Sons of the Revo- Jesse WOOA hull Pelletreau, was lution. He is a life member in born at East Moriches October the Huguenot Society of New 1, 1867. Following his prelim- York and is also a life member inary education, he entered Yale of the American Bible Society. University from which he grad- He is a member of the New York uated in 1890. In 1892 he was State Bar Association. He was admitted to the Bar of New for several years vice president York State, and the same year of the Suffolk County Bar Asso- he began practice in Patchogue, ciation, until he was elected where he has followed his pro- president of that body on Janu- fession ever since. ary 1, 1914, in which capacity he During his twenty-two years is still serving. He belongs to of practice Mr. Pelletreau has the Blue Lodge and Royal Arch built up a reputation that is the Masons. envy of many of his less success- 1895 to Mary Rogers of Bridge- Mr. Pelletreau is a trustee of ful contemporaries. As a realty hampton, daughter of Hiram S. the Union Savings Bank of lawyer, he is, perhaps, the best Rogers. Patchogue, a director of the Citi- known. He is a trustee and ex- Although an orator of ability zens National Bank of the same ecutor of many estates, a director who has lent his voice to the in- place, a director of the Nassau- in many banks and institutions, terests of the Republican party, Suffolk Bond and Mortgage and a member of a number of in which he is a firm believer, Guarantee Company, Mineola, societies. Mr. Pelletreau has, 'however, and a trustee and director in Mr. Pelletreau was married in never sought political office. He many other institutions.

WILLIAM J. McVAY ,Mr. William J. McVay, who began I in this department and surveyed every his term as postmaster of Far Rock-, State road on Long Island. away on April 1, was born in the'York- / Mr. McVay was at one time proprie- ville section of Manhattan on April 19, tor and editor of the "Wave," a local 1861. His parents, Mr. and Mrs. Pat- newspaper of Rockaway Beach. He rick McVay, wisely enabled him to \ was also at oile time a inember of the secure the advantages of a public / reportorial staff of a Manhattan news- school education. Upon graduating paper. from the public school he entered St. Mr. *McVay has always been active Mary's Nautical School. When he had / politically and has always been a con- completed his course in this school he I sistent Democrat. It is agreed that was one of a crew of eight young men 1 Congressman Dennis O'Leary, in act- selected by the captain of the school to ' ing on the indorsement of the Queens County Democratic Committee and man the bark "Iron .Age." bringing about his appointment as post- was wrecked on the coast of Java. master, acted in accordance with the Mr. McVay followed the seaThe for somebark. wishes of the greater part of the peo- time. He made seven trips on the mail 1i ple of the Rockaway section. steamer Colon to the Isthmus of Pan-' Mr. McVay is married and has six sons. His wife was Miss Matilda ama, serving as quartermaster. He ) Broadhurst. His sons are John C.. then took a post-graduate course in the ; Joseph, George, William, Theodore and nautical school, serving as an instruc- Francis. His home is at 16 Kane ave- tor and earning a first mate's certi- I nue, Rockaway Beach. ficate. I Several prominent organizations of the Rockaway section claim Postmaster He came to Rockaway Beach twenty- McVay as a member. He is an Elk, a seven years ago and has been promi-,i Forester, an Eagle and a Knight of nent in the social and business life of ( Columbus. He is a member of the the section. For the greater part of! Holy Name Society of St. Rose of Lima this time he was in the employ of the Church, of the Cardinal Players, the foremost dramatic organization of his State or the County. For eight years I the State Highway Department. Dur- section, of the Rekawaha Democratic he was foreman and general foreman ing the six years immediately preced- Club and of the Queens County Demo- on the Queens Bureau of Highways i ing his appointment as postmaster he cratic Committee, Volunteer Firemen's and for seven years was connected with I acted as an ins,~ectorof construction Organization, State of New York. 62 Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG. ISLAND

* WOODHULL RAYNOR Woodhull Raynor, the only un- j him in business. He has an up- dertaker in the progressive vil- / to-date undertaking establish- lage of Sayville, is a widely 1 ment with monumental works known man in his locality, not connected. only through his business, but as 1 In 1889 he was appointed post- a prominent fireman and citizen. / master of Sayville under Presi- He has been for many years the 1 dent Benjamin ~a-mison. He chief of the Sayville Volunteer l made an efficient and popular Fire Department, and is enthu- 1 postmaster. siastic in his support of any Mr. Raynor was married in measure that tends to benefit jI 1878 to Ella Bella Woodhull of the volunteer firemen. Sayville, daughter of the late Mr. Raynor was born in Say- Charles A. Woodhull and Anna ville on October 9,1854. He was Greene Woodhull. Mr. and Mrs. the son of the late Charles L. Raynor have six children. Raynor, who was a member of, For several years Mr. Raynor an old Sayville family. Educated 1 has been chief of the Sayville in public schools, Mr. Raynor, as 1 Fire Department. He was re- a yqung man engaged in busi- elected at the annual eIection this ness with his father, who was in year and now stands at the head the produce business. Later he era1 years. He entered the un- of the local fire fighters. He is became interested in lumber, dert;aking business with his fa- a member of the Royal Arcanum following that business for sev- ther years ago, and succec?ded and the Odd Fellows.

JOHN T. DARE John T. Dare, posimaster of the a Republican. He sewed in that posi- thriving village of Patchogue, is prob- tion until 1908, when he was appointea ably the most efficient postmaster the postmaster. He was reappointed by village has ever had, and as a result, / President Taft in 1912 solely upon his his record at Washington won for him l merits of efficiency and without po- a reappointment regardless of other l litical backing. His term expires in party indorsements in 1912. i 1916. I Mr. Dare is a native Long Islander, 1 Mr. Dare is a charter member of the born at Stony Brook, May 5, 1870, the I I Union Hook and Ladder Company, was son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph R. Dare of 1 a substitute member of the famous old that place. / "Honey Bee" Company, and a member He came to Patchogue in 1881, where j of the Exempt Firemen's Association. he entered the Patchogue High School, 1 j He is an enthusiastic vamp. He is a of which he is a graduate. Following\ member of South Side Lodge No. 493, his educatio~!he entered the law of- I F. &A. M., and also belongs to the Odd fice of Arlington H. Carman and took He served for six years as secretary I Fellows, Woodmen, Junior Mechanics up the study of law, which he intended of the Patchogue Board of Education, I and other fraternities. * I to be his life profession. He later en- and has held other positions of honor! He was married October, 1899, to l tered the office of the Iate Justice of and trust. ;Lucille Gillette Roe, daughter of Mr. I the Supreme Court Wilmot M. Smith, In 1896 Mr. Dare was appointed as- I and Mrs. Thomas R. Roe of Patchogue.

where he remained until his health I sistant postmaster of Patchogue under / Mr. and Mrs. Dare have two children, broke down, and he had to retire from the postmaster, Charles E. Rose, who George Roe Dare, 14, and Norma Lu-

the confining office. t was a Democrat, although Mr. Dare is cille Dare, 6 years of age. Eagle Library--SOME PROMINENT MEN OF .LONG ISLAND 63

HORACE GREEIEY KNAPP, A. I. A., Architect A Few P~elsClippings From the Manniactnrer and Bnflder. Mr. Horace Greeley Knapp Is an archi- Concerning tect of superior ability.

Horace Geeley Knapp From the Buffalo Courier. Architect Mr. H. G. Knapp, one of our brightest and best architects, has successfully New York City solved the problem of a perfect portable building system. From the N. Y. Journalist. Horace Greeley Knapp, architect, lafd 1 From the New York Press. the foundation of his rapid and continu- ous success in thorough training and Mr. Horace Greeley Knapp is the practical experience. He was a master genius who has given us such gems of builder at 18, a member of the American architecture, and whose creat!ons are SO Institute of Architects when scarcely 21. in harmony with the surroundings of na- and soon thereafter originated the scien- ture. The marvel is how Mr. Knapp com- tific system of building construction bines the elegance and workmanship of which now bears his name and is popular a costly structure in buildings of very in all parts of the world. ( moderate cost Xrom the N. Y. Scientific Tlmes. From the Jewish Messenger. Mr. Horace Greeley Knapp is an architect of rare originality and skill, whose HORACE GREELEY KNAPP, beautiful buildings dot the landscape in Architect. almost every State in the Union, stamp- The distinguishing characteristics and ing their author as one of the master established rules of practice of this able minds of that noble profession. and talented architect have met with I From the Toledo Chronicle. From the Wyoming (llllnois) Herald. 1 widespread appreciation dufing the past Some of the most beautiful buildings eighteen vears, and consplcuOusly Illus- The handsomest buildings in Northern we have seen were designed by Mr Hor- trate the -value of a thorough, practical, Illinois were designed by Mr. Horace ace Greeley Knapp. He is an architect and theoretical training united with Greeley Knapp. They may be called of very superior ability, and .we Bo not tistic feeling and a faithfu1 truly the Knapp style, and are a good both patrons and profession. Buildings study for those interested in architecture. 1 his can be surpassed- erected from Mr. Knapp's designs have invariably wtaaned a valuation far %n From the (N. Y.) Home Journal. advance of their cost. This Is accom- The buildings do credit to the skill and From the Centreme, Md.. Record. plished by scientific and skilled con- taste of the architect, Mr. Horace Greeley Maryland is indebted to Architect struction, originality, and artistic excel- Knap~.to whose thorough knowledge of Knapp for many of its best and most lence, without extra cost: personal and his art and fine perceptions of the fitting beautiful buildings. There were some prompt attention to every detail; active and becoming some of our suburbs owe individuals who would not vote for the and thorough supervision, with practical so much of their architectural beauty original Horace Greeley for President, but experience and skill to execute as well and good taste in landscape embellish- everybody will vote that Horace Greeley as direct; clear and explicit SPeCifka- ments. 1 Knapp is a first-class architect. tions and full-sized working details.

STEPHEN P. PETI'IT

Stephen Petitt, Sheriff of Nassau I expanse of lawn. The jail, over his office. He is well and favor- I County, holding this-important of- 1 which Sheriff Petitt presides, is a ably known to the residents of the I lice and fulfilling its many arduous / model prison in .every sense of the county, who find, in having busi- i duties to the satisfaction of all. i word, and one larger communities ness with the sheriff's office, their Nassau County Courthouse and jail /could well pattern after. Sheriff matters are handled with dispatch are buildings any county might 1 Petitt has to his credit of perform- and in an intelligent manner by i well be proud of. The courthouse, l ing his many duties (some of the Sheriff and all his efficient staff I presenting a beautiful appearance, I which are necessarily bound to be under him. is situated in the midst of a wide 1 unpleasant) in a rnsnner befitting 64 Eagle Library--SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND -- -

"A man n-ho can make such a Success lcuted the big contract at Suffolk's new of his private life and private business jail; it has the big contract for the new ought to make a good public offi~ial" 'sciool at port Jefferson. mese no said tlie electorate of Southampton town- lalone are sufficient to illustrate the size ship in the spring of 1913, SO they prompt- of the business. ly chose Charles H. Redfield of West- I Practically ever since he first went to hampton Beach to head their town gov- !Westhampton Beach he has been one of ernment and represent them on the the prominent men there, taking an ac- Board of Supen-isors. Taking a back- jtive part in every good work that seek ward glance now and carefully mentally as its end the advancement of the vil- itemizing his very business-like admin- Ilage. For years he was a member of istration and noting his square, open and the Board of Education, is now a tire- above-board way of doing thine they man, is interested in the development are inclined to congratulate themselves I of real estate, and, generally speaking. on their wisdom. I is a part and parcel of the civic as well In discussing Mr. Redfield we )as the political and governmental ma- ichinery of the town. Fraternally, he is Long Island sx-apping good men--Suf- prominent in the Masonic orders. belong- folk County born men go to the City of i ing to Riverhead Lodge, Suwasset Chap- Churches and make good ; Brooklyn's / ter, Patchogue; was a charter member sons come to Suffolk County and do like- I of Patchogue Comrnandery, and belongs wise. Mr. Redfield was born in Brooklyn, to Kismet Temple. He is also a member April 16, 1870, the son of Edwin H. and , lof the Mechanics and the Oddfellows. Carrie Cullum Redfield of Sag Harbor, ' ( He married Lena Heidingstelder of citizens of whom Sag Harbor had just 1 Manhattan. They have no children. cause to be proud, because of many ex- I U r member of the Supervisors he not celleat traits of citizenship. Charles H. only looks carefully after the interests moved to Sag Harbor when 9 years old. Iof his town constituents, but of the There he spent his boyhood, attending [whole county. He is a member of the school under that well-horn instructor. / most important committees-Repair .and the Rev. John J. Harrison. whose mem- I I Supplies and Roadsand is extrenialu ory is revered by many Suffolk County that he wanted a business of his own, ]valuable in both. As to claasieication, he "boys." Subsequently. Mr. Redfield en- so hz learned the plumbing business and ;is a Democrat but with him politics tered the employ of the Fahys Company entered into partnership with William S. Come last when the public's business is and learned the engraver's trade, work- Grimshaw, establishing a business at being considered. He has a pleasing per- ing as an expert in that profession for Westhampton Beach. By strict applica- sonality that converts an acquaintmce several years, filling positions in Phila- tion to business and square dealing with ,into a friend, and this knack, coupled delphia, Trenton and elsewhere, as well the public, the business prospered from lwith his business ability, makes a man as in Sag Harbor. the start. It is now one of the biggest to whom, it is reasonable to except, the Seventeen years ago it occurred to him and best known in the countv. It exe- I public will give frlrther hon.>rs.

JAMES EARLY m selecting clerks for the large and 1 charitable without self consciousness. prosperous town of Southampton, there 1 Seven years "on the road" in commer- has been an unbroken record of suc- ( 1 cia1 lines made him a close student of cesses for over 250 years. Not the 1 human nature, and being quick in in- least of these successes came when I tellect he was able to turn his knowl- James A. Early of Sag Harbor was !edge to good account when the occa- chosen in that capzcity in the spring 1 sion demanded: Naturally, a man with of 1913. Southampton is peopled by these attainments and one living the a steady-going, conservative class, who I good life he had lived, is popular where look before they leap, who consider 1 1 best known, so when he was nomi- well character and fitness before 1 nated for Town Clerk in a big Republi- they elect, and who naturally, because can town to defeat C. Arthur Payne it of their pure Americanism, believe in was confidently believed by his friends "by their work ye shall know them." that he could accomplish the trick, and And that's how they know Mr. Early he did. Since taking charge of the of- and that's why they believe in him- ! fice he has accomplished many reforms because they had closely followed his! I for the benefit of the town, and the career from boyhood and believed, he 1 ! people generally are glad they put him would serve the town well. He has. i there. Mr. Early was born in the good old and being honored by carefully critical Another remarkable instance of pub- town of Sag Harbor on August It,, neighbors. lic honor came a few days after his 1881, a son of Thomas and Bridget Mr. Early's schooling was received selection as Town Clerk when the Early, citizens held in high regard for in the Sag Harbor Parochial School 1 SUP~N~SO~S,representing ten towns, their sterling qualities, and who and in that broader school of mingling picked him from a large class of aspi- reared their family in that careful way! closeiy with the public, absorbing and, rants for the important job of Clerk of that impresses on them the necessity/ exchanging.ideas by keeping eyes and i the Supervisors. This position is not of a strict adherence to moral virtues ears open. Reaching his majority, he only a most important one, but the if one would reach the most success- I affiliated himself with the Democratic' work is arduous and intricate, yet Mr. ful goals in life. Starting out with that party and did much good work for that I Early is performing his duties in a equipment, i: is not surprising that we political cause. His temperament is way so capable to the Board that he find the subject of this sketch holding genial to the last degree without being, has just been re-elected for another important positions in early manhood1 burdensome; he is broadminded and : term. Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 65 CAMPBELL & DEMPSEY A history of Suffolk County would be the most modern jail in America to- j buildings and churches and schools, be far from complete without reference 1 day. It is a beautiful building inside ! and big private residences, as well as to the work of Campbell & Dempsey in and out. Since its completion hun- business blocks and jails. Speaking of erecting public buildings. Although I dreds of promi-nent people, many of jails, it is pertinent here to add that not to the "manner born" these men are I them officials from distant places, have the handsome jail at Monticello, Sulli- almost as well known personally visited and closely inspected the plant, van County, and the one at Poughkeep- throughout the county as some of the / and nothing but words of praise have, sie were both recently erected by the native sons; and in passing it can be i been heard, particularly as to the ex- / Campbell & Dempsey firm. said that they are thoroughly known cellence of the construction. Returning to their part in the history by reputation, and a mighty good repu- / juries have placed an official Grand0. K. I of Suffolk it is interesting io note that tation at that. 1 upon it, and have publicly commended1 while this is being written they are The headquarters of the firm is in I the builders for giving so much valuelerecting the county's most modern Kingston. There they are rated as 1 for the money. I school house-the Port Jefferson High among the best contractors - wood,' These contractors think nothing of School-which is to cost nearly $100,- steel, concrete, brick or stone-in that taking hold of a $250,000 contract. 000, and they are also erecting the large addition to the Suffolk County Clerk's office, to cost about $50,000. In these two latter jobs the work so far done is spoken of as comparing very favorably with the completed jail at Riverhead. And when these are completed the Campbell & Dempsey firm will need no further recommendations to Suffolk County people as builders ago when it secured a contract to of skill and conscience. Both members of the firm are personally popular wherever known, and make friends by the score-friendships cemented by a jovial nature and a well grounded impression of strict honesty and square dealing.

So Fo ROBINSON Samuel F. Robinson, Supervisor 1 nomic interests of the taxpayers, I of the Town of Brookhaven, is a 1 yet he ever had an open ear and member of a historic Long Island I open heart to the appeal of the family. Mr. Robinson is promi- real needy. nent as a business man, and in The spring of 1913 found Mr. public office he has shown himself I Robinson a candidate for super- 1 visor on the Democratic ticket, and to be in favor of business admin- I istration of the people's affairs. 1 he was elected. During his term Mr. Robinson was born in East of office he has manifested an in- Patchogue in 1870. He is a son terest in the economic and efficient of the late Terry Robinson, and administration of the people's up to his death a few years ago I I business, and directly as a result was associated with him in busi- I of his work several needed reforms ness. Mr. Robinson and his father have been made. He was a leader were the first of Long Islanders they have one adopted daughter. in the fight against paying out the to engage in the artificial manu- Mr. Robinson's entrance into town's money for poorly construct- facture of ice, and in that business politics was in 1911, when he was ed state roads, and the result has the firm has been most successful. elected overseer of the poor of been that some indictments and In 1893 Mr. Robinson married Ada Brookhaven Town. .He served in convictions have been found, and Tuttle of Wading River. They that office efficiently, and while he the people of Brookhaven vindi- have no children of their own, but was always mindful of the eco- cated. 66 . Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND DR. FREDERICK CHARLES Dr. Frederick Charles Mer- Long Island seeking restoration ritt, for twenty-two years a for his broken health. He served practicing physician and sur- for a time as a surgeon at the geon, whose residence and office Kings Park State Hospital, and is now at Sayville, is well known later he came to Sapille, where among Long Island's prominent he started the building of his physicians. He has a large prac- present large praltice. tice extending from Blue Point Dr. Merritt was married in to Islip. - 1906 to Evelyn Woods of Brook- Dr. Merritt was born in lyn, daughter of John A. Woods, Waterford, Ontario, Canada, on corporation counsel of the West- July 4, 1868, the son of Dr. inghouse Electric Company. Joseph A. Merritt and Sarah They have no children. Mariah Dolson Merritt. Fol- Dr. Merritt is a Mason and an lowing in his father's footsteps, Odd Fellow. He is also medical he had a liking for the medical special leaning toward the sur- examiner of the Royal Arcanum. profession, and following his gical science of his profession. He is a member of the Suffolk preparatory education at the He graduated from Trinity County Medical Society, the As- Collegiate Institute, Toronto, he with honors in 1892, and at once sociated Physicians of Long Is- entered the University of Trinity entered the General Hospital in land, the New York State Med- College, Toronto, where he took Toronto, where he served as in- ical Society, the American Med- up the study of medicine. He terne for one year. ical Association and the Cana- was a keen student and had a In 1893 Dr. Merritt came to dian Club of New York.

HIRAM R. SMITH Hiram R. Smith, Supervisor of position owing to the stress of public known to the residents of Nassau Hempstead Town, is a resident of Free- business, but the directors insisted County. This position has occupied port, where he has lived all his life. upon his retaining an interest in the a great portion of his time, but not- He was elected to the Board of Super- institution and he was urged to become withstanding his numerous activities visors on the 15th of march, 1913,-as chairman of the board of directors, he has devoted himself unselfishly to the candidate of the Republican party, which position he reluctantly consented the interests of the Nassau Hospital. despite the fact that the Progressives to take. He has large real estate hold- I Two years ago when a financial cam- also had a candidate. He was in st^- ings on the south side of Hempstead'paign was being made for that insti- mental, to a great degree, in securing Town, and is one of the leading men I tution he gave up weeks of his time. the preferential primaries, and the first of affairs in that section of Nassau, Since his incumbency of the office of held in New York State were the pri- County. Prior td his incumbency of supervisor he has made a study of road maries in Hempstead Town at which the office of supervisor he was keenly conditions. Hempstead is the largest he was nominated for the office .of interested in educational matters, and 1 and richest town in New York State, supervisor. He has always taken a for fourteen years was a member of and the upkeep of the roads is the vital keen interest in governmental affairs, the Freeport Board of Education. The question. Although not familiar with and is considered one of the leaders of latter part of his term of service he road building, Supervisor Smith has thought in Nassau County. In private was chairman of the board. In ad- made an earnest study of the condi- life he is a banker, and until a few dition to his service in the cause of tions and when his term of office will weeks ago was the president of a well- education, he is well known as a philan- be completed the Town of Hempstead known financial institution of Rock- thropist. As vice president of the Nas- will have a thoroughly modern system ville Centre. He retired from this sau Hospital Association he is well of roads. Eagle Library-SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND 67 LE ROY J. WEED LeRoy J. Weed of Garden City is an 1913, and although defeated ran far, the residents of the county. What has up-State man, but to use his own ex-,I ahead of his ticket. Last fall at the 1 brought him particularly to the atten- I pression, "A Long Islander by choice." earnest solicitation of his friends he tion of the taxpayers of the county was He was born in Schenectady and was became the candidate of his oarty for his attempt to remove the administra- graduated from Union College. After the Assembly and was subsequently tion of water district from the realm of the completion of his college course indorsed by the Democratic party. Al- politics. The water systems of the he engaged in the school book business though his opponent was Controller county are supported by the taxpayers, and is very well known to the school John Lyon, one of-the most popular and he will have the undivided support men not only of Nassau County but and strongest men in Nassau County, of the property owners of the county. throughout the State. His political as- he was elected by a handsome plural- Mr. Weed has made great sacrifices to pirations have been with a view of ity. His career in the Assembly has serve the people of the county, and his securing better educational facilities, been an eventful one. Representing as I constant devotion to the duties of the and in this he has had the support of he does the Democratic and Progres- office has necessitated his absence the school men of the county. In fact, Sive parties with greatly divergent in- I from his business. He is doubtful it was at their solicitation that he be- terests, SO tactful has he been that he] about becoming a candidate for the of- came a candidate for the Assembly. lwill no doubt receive a renomination fice again, but a non-partisan organi- when the Progressive party was organ- from the Democratic party. He has zation has been formed with the ized he was one of the original organ- been the author of many very striking avowed purpose of securing his re- izers and has been a consistent member articles of legislation, and his cham- election. He may be prevailed upon of the party ever since. He was a can- pionship of a county commission for to again become the candidate. He re- didate for the office of assessor on the the revision of the government of sides in a pretty home in Garden City Progressive ticket in the spring of Nassau County has endeared him to with his wife and children.

HARRY B. HOWELL

It is an acknowledged fact that bank- a hand ready and a heart eager to help one in distress, it is little wonder that ing institutions have played an import- he became one of the most popular young ant part in the development of Suffolk men in the village. With the same quali- County. They go hand in hand with fications becoming more pronounced as he its prosperity. Speaking of banks, one accumulated years it is again little wonder that he became popular as a busi- that naturally comes first to mind, be- ness man, and that prosperity smiled on cause of its size and standing, is the his business efforts. Aside from making Suffolk County National of Riverhead, a success in the banking line he en- and in thinking of this bank the name gages in a whoiesaie fish and retail store business at Montauk, as the head of Harry B. Howell, its efficient cashier, of the Montauk EYsh and Supply Company, is immediately linked with it, because which is also eminently successful un- of his prominence in the banking world der his management. i;'ikewise he be- of the county. came a realty investor, and has been successful in that, too. Mr. Howell is a native son of River- In 1907 he was elected Supenlsor of head, and the village is proud of it. the town of Riverhead on the Repub- He is one of the country boys who lican ticket. His majority was the largest has stayed at home and made good in ever given to any candidate in his town. It was a fittinr recoenition of his DODU- many different ways, and in making larity and qua6ficati&s. He served &o good personally he has also been ma- years with distinctive credit to himself terially responsible for the wonderful and his town's affairs were most care- growth of the bank with which he is fully looked after. He declined a renomination. For many years he was connected. treasurer of the Suffolk County Agricnl- He has been associated with the bank tural Society, and a manager of that so- almost from the time it opened its doors ciety's big fair. He resigned that PO- in 1892, first as assistant cashier and sition to give more time to his private business and the bank. for several years as cashier. Though His wife was Miss Frances E. Wells. bearing the title of assistant, he was who also formerly lived in Brooklyn. virtually the "head and tail" of the bank They have no children. Generally speak- in those early days. The institution pros- ing. Mr. Howell has for many years pered mightily from the very beginning. taEen a most active interest in all the Even many of the directors will say that civic and social affairs of the town and its commanding position now is most village, and is considered one of the most largely due to Mr. Howell's pleasing per- prominent citizens. His acquaintance is sonality and business capabilities. In a delightful one to possess, and he num- fact the bank has prospered so greatly bers intimate friends by the score. His under his management that it has paid great drawing card OF personal popularity 15 per cent. annually to the lucky stock- dent of Brooklyn. The subject of this is in meeting all, rich or poor, on the holders. sketch was born November 18, 1866. Hls level and acting on the ssuare. Mr. Howell is a son of Benjamin F. education was obtained only In the high Fraternally he has held various of- Howell, also a prominent man here, and schools of his village. Always courteous, fices in Riverhead Lodge. I?. and A. M.. who at one time was a well-known resi- always smilingly optimistic, always wlth and is also an Odd Fellow. 68 Eagle Library--SOME PROMINENT MEN OF LONG ISLAND -

now holds as justice of the peace and to which he was elected five years ago. His pres- LEMUEL Bo GREEN ent term expires on December 31. of thls year. He ran'flftv votes ahead of hls ticket In hls Justice of the Peace L. B. Green of Pat- own eleciiod district. chogue. one of Long Island's prominent men. Judge Green was marrled in 1&90, on No- was born at Belmar. N. J., on January 26. vember 24, to Minnie Bunce of Northport. lE6. He was the son of the late Samuel X. They have two sons. Arthur P. Green and Alden W. Green. both of whom are associated and Deborah Green of Brooklyn. with their father In the newspaper business. nt the age of 4 years he went with his Judge Green has been an officer in the New parents to Montpelier, Surry County. Va-. York State Press AssociaUon. New York State where his parents had a plantation. Hls Democratic AssociaUon. and is Dresident Of father was morta:ly wounded in the Battle of a member of the ~ssoalcorder and for sixteen Gettysburg. years was secrem of South Side Lodge No. In 1868 he came North and located at Hemp- 493 F. & A. M. and secretary of Suwassett stead. L. I. He entered newspaper work as a c&Dter No. lS.'~ovalArch Masons, for fif- compositor in the sDrlna of 1876. and later teenn years. ~e'is a charter member of Pat- became associate editbr Gf the ~uffoikCo-&G chogue Commandery No. 65 Knights Templar Journal, then published at Northport. In Sep- and is a member of Kismei Temple. A. A. 0: tember, 1884, he established the Patchogue N. M. S. of Brooklyn. He hae served as Agzus, a live weekly Paper, of which he is district deputy grand msster of the Odd Fel- st111 owner and edltor. lows of the First District, and In that office Judge Green took a keen interest In ~olitlcs formed the Second District of Suffolk County. as a young man, always leaning towaid the He belongs to other fraternities. He is a plnciples of the Democratic party. Although member of Engine IOSe Company of Wtchogue, he ha always loyally sun~ortec?his aawv ~n and has been its treasurer for twenty-one his newspapei, he-ha; ne%-=i-&irtedrii-Ib be years. He is enthusiastic in his support Of a party organ where public welfare was in anything that tends to promote the interests of jeopardy. He has never sought ~oliticaloface. the volunteer fire fightera. He is dso a His only public office is the one whlch he member of the executive committee of the New York State Waterways Association.

When the Suffolk County Shellfish r as a skilled engineer, has a large prl- Commissioners learned. in 1904. through 1 WALLACE H, HALSEY vate practice. He has held many im- a legislative act, that It was necessary I portant positions in his professjon. For- to employ a skilled engineer to &k merly he was connected wlth Peter maps of the vast waters of Gardiner's Elbert Nostrand, the present county su- and Peconic bays and their tributaries: perintendent of roads. He is chief en- for the :purpose of [plotting the val- 1 gineer for the Devon Estates at Amagan- uable oyster grounds and the natural sett For a bme he was one of the shell beds of those bays, they selected 1 leading engineers in the construction of Wallace H. Halsey of Bridgehampton to the joint sewer in New Jersey. Still do the work. It was soon found that 1 again he was a, special engineer for their selection was a wise one indeed. the Consemation Commission. These are For two years he worked unde; the di- but a few of the important posts he has rection of Erastus F. Post, then he was held, but which speak well of his fit- made the official county engineer of shell ness in the engineering Wrld. Otto fisheries, a position that he still holds W. Van Tuyl is one of his chief assist- with credit to himself and the county. ants, the two making a team that lead He has charge of 40,000 acres of oyster in their profession. Mr. Halsey also lands and 36,000 acres of natural lands. maintains an office at Greenport as well The work necessary to prepare the maps as Bridgehampton. was intricate and arduous, yet he ac- He was born at Bridgehampton, July complished it with an ease that betokens '4 1881 the son of C. E. and Isabel his skill and the charts and maps fur- fiaines 'Hahey, and was educated princi- nlshed the county are models of ac- :I pally at the Bridgehampton Acaaemy. In curacy, prepared in such a way as to ( January, 1911, he married Elizabeth be readily understood by even a layman. 1 Barnes of Amagansett. He has a wide The service he performed for the county l acquaintance is personally popular, and has been valuable indeed. 1 is regarded Hs a citizen of the highest In addition to this work, Mr. Halsey, 1 type.

ROBERT Eo BISHOP

Town Clerk of the town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, is now serving his sec- I on6 term, first taking office April 15, 1911. Mr. Bishop is a native of Long Island and one of Patchogue's progressive business men, being the proprietor of large bottling works. Mr. Bishop has to his credit the fact that both times he has run for office of running far ahead of his ticket.

ELKANAH S. ROBINSON Elkanah S. Robinson, postmaster of free life on Great South Bay, he be- On May 24, 1912, Mr. Robinson was Centre Moiiches, comes from an old came a bayman as a young man. He appointed postmaster of the village of Long Island family, and Mr. Robin- acquired a knowledge of conservation Centre Moriches, and his term will ex- son's name is a familiar one on the and supply that made him a popular pire in 1916. pages of the public records of Brook- candidate for a member of the Town Mr. Robinson married Sarah M- haven Town. He has held several im- Board of Trustees, whose duty it is to Baker of East Moriches in 1874. They portant public offices and is widely regulate town property and public have five children, all living. Mr. known throughout the town. waters, and he was elected to that body Robinson is a member of the Odd Mr. Robinson was born in Centre in 1892. He served as a member for Fellows. He has. been an elder in the Moriches in 1851. He is the son of sir years, his final term expiring in Presbyterian Church for forty years, Hiram Robinson, now enjoying good 1898. having been ordained at the age of 22. health at the age of 91. His mother In 1898 Mr. Robinson WRS elected He is associated in various lines of is dead. Mr. Robinson was educated Highway Commissioner of the Town village improvement work and served in public schools at Centre Moriches. of Brookhaven. He served in that office as President of the Village Improve- Having a love for the charms of the until 1904, being elected three terms. I ment Board for one term. I Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 69

Be a Lifter Not a Leaner! c Spend some hours each week getting capital in your head where nobody can steal it from you. Read good books like The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac and all The Eagle Libraries as they appear each month. Get a good insight into everything worth knowing at a cost of only $1.50 a year for a year's subscription to all the libraries, including the high-class and very instructive Eagle Almanac. Be a lifter, not a leaner. People will soon see that you have a good head on your shoulders and they will seek your opinion about different happenings; your family will look to you for the good, sensible advice you will be able to give, and your neighbors, your employer and acquaintances will all respect you. Try a year's subscription to The Eagle Libraries. 70 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DE~OPMENT.

PATCHOGUE GARAGE COMPANY

is situated at North Ocean avenue and Oak street, a few feet north of Main' street. They are the selling agents for the Cadillac, Case and Ford cars, which can be delivered

immediately. Mr. J. A. Udall, jr., is president and treasurer. Mr. S. L. Tuthill, man-

.ager. The business is conducted in the most modern style and the garage is equipped

with every improvement. They carry a full line of supplies. Expert mechanics are employed on repair work. Ample room for storage in the garage, which is fireproof. Up-to-date cars can be rented with competent chauffeurs, at moderate rates. Here the

automobilist touring the Island will find perfect service and satisfaction. Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 71

THE CLARENCE M. ROGERS COMPANY

At Sayville, Long Island, is located the new automobile garage of the Clarence M. Rogers Company, erected about a year and a half ago. It is on the ~errickroad, that great highway of automobilists touring Long Island. The garage is equipped with all the modern and latest improvements, and has constantly in attendance expert mechan- icians. The Rogers Company are the agents of the famous Ford cars, carrying in stock always from 12 to 20, thus insuring instant delivery, and report they are delivering a car a day. This is undoubtedly- the best equipped garage on Long Island, and is the only one you meet on the Merrick road after leaving Sayville, until you reach Patchogue. The new State road now being built will pass directly in front of their door. Auto- mobilists using the Parkway, and upon reaching Ronkonkoma and following Lakeland avenue, will lead them directly into the Merrick road at Sayville, from which they can continue their journey the entire length to the South Shore. 72 Eagle Libraxy-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS -ANDDEVELOPMENT.

CENTRAL HOTEL PATCHOGUE The Central Hotel location on Main Street, directly opposite the Postoffice, has been established over40 years and is the best known hostelry to commercial men on Long Island. Here all the boys put up. The present proprietor, Mr. Fred C. Thurber, has been the host for the past eleven years, and is one good, genial fellow, making you feel at home from the time you register until you settle. The Central Hotel entertains many automobile parties touring the Island and one is insured a good meal at prices that you do not have to sell the car to pay for the dinner checks, as is the case with many road resorts. The rooms are large and airy, well screened and comfortable. The Great South Bay is only a mile away, easily reached by permanent guests by stage or trolley, running every few minutes. Mr. Thurber is an enthusiastic yatchsman and has the reputation of being the most skilled sailor of ice boats in the country, his scooter, "The Eagle," holding the championship of the Great South Bay. Mr. Thurber is Commodore of the Scooter Club, and the coming winter will see him competing with the cracks of the Shrewsbury.

Art in Portraiture Legal, Commercial, Scientific Lighting ESTABLISHED Architectural, Landscape Artistic Posing and Flashlight Snappy Styles FI Photography I Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 73 Farmhouse for rent, on Huntington Bay-$500 season. FOR SALE A farm of 106 acres, near Greenlawn Station; views of the Sound and Ocean, at $350 an acre. Farm of 1 12 acres near Huntington Station; fine, level, fertile fields, with excellent building site. Price $350 an acre. Five-acre farm at West Hills. All kinds of fruit. Price moderate. Fifteen room house, located on Huntington Bay, with two acres of land; bathing and dock privileges. Price $18,500. Rent $900. For sale on Huntington Harbor, a boathouse lot, with 50-foot shore front. For sale, beautiful building plots, located on high ground, ir; Hunting- ton village. Oyster Bay Cove-Fine farms of 65 acres each, high elevation; lake on property. RICHARD M. CONKLIN AGENCY Box 375, Huntington, L. I.

TIMOTHY F. SCUDDER SIGN PAINTER Auto and Carriage Painting

NEW YORK AVENUE Opposite L. I. Express Office HUNTINGTON, L. I. 74 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT,

-- - -- I Telephone, 358-M Huntington P. 0. Box 129, Hmtington, N. Y. I J. H. HEMINGWAY

Gasoline

Greases Batteries

Soaps Etc., Etc.

Steam Vulcanizing and Garage I AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES I NEW YORK AvE., HUNTINGTON, L. I. CYLINDERS CLEANED BY THE NEW OXYGEN CARBON PROCESS

TELEPHONE 1 38

Plumbing AND Heating

Main Street Huntington, N. Y. Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; US EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 75

J. DmMARTENS WHITESTONE, LONG ISLAND Telephone, Flushing 777-M I Groceries, Paints, Hardware, Etc, Etc. J. D. Martens is one of the most progressive men of Whitestone. In all matters pertaining to the welfare of Whitestone the name of Martens has always been prominent In the establishment of J. D. Martens can be found a most complete line of Groceries, paints, Hardware, etc. Here, under one roof, you can.find all the necessities of a home, from the time you build your foundation until its occupancy, while the Grocery Department is fully equipped and well stocked to minister to your needs. The business, originally founded by Mr. Martens' father in 1865, was successfully carried on until his death in 1882, at which time Mr. Martens then conducted the business for his mother until 1906, when he assumed control. All interested in planting can find a most complete line of Seeds' and Garden tools at Martens'. J. DmMARTENS,.. EIGHTH. AVENUE AND EIGHTEENTH STREET WHITESTONE, L. I.

TELEPHONE 166 Freeport Artificial Stone Company

CONCRETE BLOCKS Made by High Pressure Hydraulic Press CORNER LONG BEACH AVENUE AND LONG ISLAND RAILROAD (Adjoining Standpipe) FREEPORT, NEW YORK - 76 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

FAR ROCKAWAY GARAGI-MOTT & SNIITH, Proprietors Cars Stored and Cared for by the Week or Season. First Class Cars to Hire-Expert Mechanics in Attendance Agents for Hudson and E-M-F Cars-Automobile Supplies and Ties 338-360 Central Avenue Far Rockaway, New York I Garage Telephone 148 Far Rockaway Knapp Portable-Permanent Building System NEW YORK, N. Y., U. S. A. TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS CABLE : "KNAPPORTA" DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF Portable-Permanent Portable-Permanent COTTAGES a VILLAS Port ableqqmanent Buildings BuImwGs STORES, STABLES IR WOOD, STEEL, STUCCO AND OTim MATERIALS HOTELS, SCHOOLS CHURCHES. THEATERS FACTORIES. WAREHOUSES BOATHOUSES & PAVILIONS Folding- Furniture and Household Accessories TUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL! BUNGALOWS. CABINS BOOTHS, PLAYHOUSES (Patents Pending in the U. S. and AII Foreign Counbier) RUTOMOBILE GARAGES BUILDMGS FOR EXPORT

Pronounced by Eminent Architects and Engineers "The System to Supersede AU Others" "A Revolutiogi in the Science of Construction" "No Make of Partable Houses on the Market Today Equals Those of the happ System" United States Trade Reports. Portable Garages Dwellings and AU Other ~ddin~s Designed and Constructed Under the KNAPP SYSTEM Whether of Steel. Stucco. Wood or Other Ma- terials. Invariably Sustain an Appraised Valwatlon o: Nedy Double Their Actual Cost . We are Origlnatora and PLoneers In Portables and have devoted over a Quarter of a Century to the development of this marvelous innova- tlon In building methods. whereby we Cut the Cost at least One-thlrd and at the eame tlme enhance the Standard of Metlc and Structural Excellence. Whether you wlsh a Modest Bungalow or a Mammoth Hotel, a Garage or s Forty Story Structum, this office will Most Faithfully and Elfciently Serve and Ssteguard Your Interests. Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 77 THE OLD OAK HOTEL About one-half mile east of the center of Patchogue, on Main street, one is attracted by the splendid old oak trees in the front of mine host hotel, very appropriately named The Old Oak Hotel. The genial boniface presiding over this truly rural hostelry is Mr. George A. Link, an old-time Eastern District man. Mr. Link is progressive in every way. The grounds. adjoining the hotel are the meeting place of the ~atcho~ue'baseballand football teams. Here automobilists will find an excellent meal awaiting them at prices commensurate with good service. Permanent and transit guests accommodated. The latest bowling alleys are installed, and for a good time The Old Oak Hotel is the place to go. Garage on grounds. with expert mechanic in charge. -- -. - - -- .------

MORTGAGE LOANS NOTARY PUBLIC JOSEPH B. SWEZEY REAL ESTATE AND INSURANCE Roe's Block, Ocean Avenue (ROOM I) Farms and Country Seats My Specialty PATCHOGUE, N. Y.

------I J. M. HORTON ICE CREAM CO. 1 Freneh and Ameriean lee Cream, Bisques, lees, Charlotte Russe, Faney Cakes and Pastry of All Descriptions. Prices as Reasonable as Quality Will Allow Orders From One Quart to Any Amount Promptly Delivered 1 1416 Fulton St., BROOKLYN. 521 Fulton St. I I Phone 3010 BEDFORD I

Why Not Live in Amityville?

The Home of the Amityville Sun ' Paul Bailey, Publisher 78 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. BOROUGH PARK CLUBHOUSE - Under New Management. Now I 1 CALLED BOROUGH PARK INN Block front 13th Av.. 60th to 6lst St*. An establishment of superiority for Weddings, Recep tions, Entertainments. An unexcelled spacious Dancing FIoor. MEALS A LA CARTE. Unexcelled Cuisine at All Times. Unusual facilities for private club meetings. Organiza- tions will be shown speciaI attention. The management will be pleased to show facilities and quote rates. Tel. 8169 Borough Park EXCELLENT BOWLING ALLEYS ERNEST -%V&IUMS,Owner and Manage?. ------

LEO'S INN, PATCHQGUE, L. I. Just as. you enter Patchogue from the west you notice Leo's Inn, a resort for automobilists conducted by Mr. Leo Waldheimer and his good wife, Mrs. Waldheimer. Mr. and Mrs. Wald- heimer are a genial pair and this being their first year, have to their credit the entertaining of many prominent people. Facing the famous Merrick road, directly in front of West Lake, makes the popular resort a delightful place to visit.

------.------.-- -- I GRAVEL ROOFING A SPECIALTY I

'1 Steel Portable Buildings Fireproof Garages MANUF'ACZURED IN BROOKLYN WILLIAM BUCHANAN 1 48gq90-490% Sumner Avenue 1587 Fulton Street, BrookIyn ( Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 79

LONG ISLAND'S I NORTH SHORE I

Estates, Shore Fronts, Farms and Acreage at Very Attractive Prices. Furnished Cottages for Rent All Inquiries Receive Prompt and Personal Attention. I Daniel M. Gerard, H,&@O,, L. I. I

I SWAN RIVER NURSERIES I As you journey from Patchogue toward Bellport you notice a sign, Swan River Nurseries, conducted by Mr. C. W. Avery. Mr. Avery comes from an historical family and the ground covering over 60 acres, occupied by the nursery, has been in the family over 150 years. The Swan River Nurseries have a large and varied assortment of beautiful ornamental and shade trees, showing many different varieties. A visit to this establishment is well worth while. Swan River Nurseries have furnished trees and plants to many of the beautiful estates of Southampton and other towns in Suf- I folk County. I I L, F,.LUDWIG UPHOLSTERING AUTOMOBILE TOPS AND TRIMMINGS Telephone Huntington 358-R New York Avenue, Huntington, L. I. 80 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; TTS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. THE THIELER BIRD STORE H. G. SUTTON, Manager Dealer in All Kinds of Song Birds, Parrots, Etc., Cages and Supplies "Our Song Restorerp'-the Best on the Market Also a Fine Assortment of All Goldfish, Japanese Fantails and Fringetails, Telescopes, Shubunkins, Medaka (the New Fish), Golden Orfe, Etc AQUARIUMS AND ALL KINDS OF SUPPLIES 33 FMBUSH AVENUE, BROOKLYN, N. Y. Telephone Main 7798

9 Instead of Paying 2%. for This Book Why not subscribe to the EAGLE LIBRARY At a Cost of $1.50 a Year? . Which includes The Eagle Almanac, City Charter and all the valuable Eagle publications. Address Eagle Library, Eagle Building, Brooklyn 6

------r THE DAILY ISSUES OF THE NEWS THURSDAY The six week-day issues of The Brooklyn Eagle Home Dressmaking Department, Weekly Public ~orum. represent the most complete afternoon newspaper pub- FRIDAY lished in the city. It is the only daily io Brook!y~! that , The Jewish Review-An article on Beauty and Hygiene receives the world-wide service of the Associated Press. -H~~~~~club news, letters from members, new meme In addition, it has experienced correspondents in Wash- bers, etc. ington, Albany and in all important cities. A valuable SATURDAY feature of the daily edition are the financial pages, N~~~ of Churches, both catholic and with complete tables and news of the stock market weekly real estate page-Reviews of the new boob quotations and other financial news. News of women's club's-Missionary societies and ~f you live in ~moklynyo" can't afford to be an- W. C. T. U.-Table and kitchen notes. informed about what is going on in the borough. The SUNDAY Eagle will keep you posted on the Of Bright, snappy and filled with many features in its affairs, civic, financial, political and social. enlarged form-Magazine Section, freely illustrated Special Stories by special writers-Two pages of for- EACH DAY eign news and gossip. Many pages of sports, profes- in addition to the above, The Eagle has a wide range sional, aInateur and scholastic. A Junior Eagle Section of features. Here is a schedule of some of them: I and the gews, local and general, fully covned. MONDAY EVERY DAY Two full Pages of sermons by noted ministers of aii The Eagle contains special features of interest to men, I denominations with special religious news. women and children. For instance, here are some de- TUESDAY partments you will find EVERY DAY: Review of all the new attractions in Manhattan and PICTURE SECTION SPORTS Brooklyn playhouses. WOMEN'S DEn. SOCIETY WEDNESDAY I WALKS AND TALKS PAGEBETWEEN OF LONG THE LINES ISLAND . Junor Eagle puzzle solvers' names-New pnzle club CHILDREN'S DEPT. NEWS , members. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES i Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 81

Merrick Park-The Choice of Long Island It possesses attractions not offered by other subdivisions, ging destined to advance in value more rapidly than any other site around New York City. Merrick Park lies in the heart of Jamaica, in the Fourth Ward of the Bor- ough of Queens, in the healthiest section of Long Island. The climate is equable, tempered by the mean, and is an ideal all-year-round place of residence.

Beautiful homes surround Merrick Park. Within a few minutes' walk are schools, churches, libraries, theaters, banks and up-to-date stores. If you are seeking ideal transportation, splendid home appointments, beautiful and healthful surroundings at a comparatively moderate price, you will find Merrick Park the place offering more advantages than any other in Greater New York. Purchasing lots in Merrick Park at present prices is like buying gold dollars at a liberal discount. Write, phone or call for booklet and full particulars. The Nicol-Smith Company, Telephone Greeley 430. 820 Marbridge Building, 34th St. and Broadway, New York City

I Mr. S. Gottlieb of 43 Ocean avenue, Patchogue, is an importer and wholesale dealer I in wines and liquors, has been established eleven years and carries in stock a full selection of goods in his line, all well-known brands being represented. Mr. Gottlieb's establishment is the largest of its kind on the eastern end of the Island. He is the special agent appointed by S. Liebmann's Sons to handle the famous Rheingold beer, brewed by this well-known brewery. Rheingold beer has been indorsed by physicians everywhere as a healthful and nourishing beverage.

"The Golden Rod" 5c and 10c and Variety Store A thousand different things, useful in the home, shop, ofice, in camp and on the road MACHINE SHOP ANNEX Mechanical drawings, pattern making and machine work. Light automatic labor-saving machinery and devices designed and constructed. There's Money in Simple Inventions We develop mechanical ideas and give you free advice as to their probable commercial value. EDWARD F. SHORE, Broadway, Arnitydle, L. I. ------.- BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE Gives All the Latest Items of Interest Every Day From All Over Long Island The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Is 73 Years Young Its Reliability Is Undisputed. A Great Home Newspaper. 82 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

I I Palrns,Vines and Fresh Flowers I I Supplied and Artistically Arranged for Weddings at Reasonable Ratea

FLORAL

Th irty-f ive Green houses HORTICULTURIST 734 Fifth Avenue Bmche~: Fort Hamilton Parknay, Gravesend Av, and 291-313 24th St. BLOTS IN GREENWOOD CEMEl%RY IMPROVED AND CARED FOR.

COLLECT YOUR ACCOUNTS OUR SYSTEM PRODUCES MAXIMUM RESULTS. WE COLLECT AT A MINIMUM COST. WE COLLECT FOR EVERY ONE GIVING CREDIT. WE ARE BONDED FOR $10,000.00 TO PROTECT OUR CLIENTS FROM ALL LOSS. The Only Bonded Collection Association in the World. Write Us and a Representative Will Call. The Allied Mercantile Protective Ass'n (Inc.) 43 CEDAR STREET, NEW YORK Phone 1745 John I Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; TI EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 83 1 FOR SALE. I A Private Residence I YOU 1 Near Sea Beach Sub\hiay Station I This 7-r00m house is a beauty. No one who has ever seen it has said otnerwise. Tiled bath, tiled vestibule; handsome com- KNOW bination gas and electric light fixtures; par- quet floors; steam heat and automatic hot that it is easier to gq to the nearby North water plant. Cement cellar, with laundry and gas heater. Large kitchen gas range. Shore of Long Island than to the crowded Duo-tone shades in every room. Will dec- apartment house sections of the city? orate to suit. On beautiful, quiet street. Congenial neighbors. All street improve- that the L. I. R. R. (Penn. System) runs ments. Exceptionally fine drinking water. the finest suburban electric train service in Typhoid unknown. Macadam roads, city sidewalks. $500,000 school in course of the world? construction. All churches. that a home at MALBA provides all the joys of country life on the waterfront, yet is THE SUBWAY close to the heart of Manhattan? ' which will run from Columbus Circle down that Malba is in the Borough of Queens, Broadway (in Manhattan), across the Man- hattan Bridge, up Fourth avenue (in Brook- which at present is the most favored of the lyn), to Sixty-second street, and down to ' boroughs in point of rapid transit improve- Coney Island (5 cent fare), will have three ' ments being constructed there now? stations within reach of my house. Sub- way now 25% completed; guaranteed to be finished April, 191 that the money that now purchases your 5. rent receipts could buy you a charming TODAY'S PRICE, $5,500 country cottage at MALBA-built to your Value in 12 Mon'ths From Today order if desired ? Is Conservatively Predicted at $7,600 ACCEPT Information concerning the above sug- I WILL $250 cash and allow the balance to remain gested facts is more fully given in our on mortgage. The chance of a lifetime to pamphlet C, sent free upon request. buy a cozy 7-room home and make a good investment.

MALBA ESTATES CARE OF CORPORATION ALCO BUILDING CO. 60 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK 60 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK Telephone-Cortlandt %52 84 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND ; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. I I HARRY 6. MAYBECK MANUFACTURER OF AWNINGS and FLAGS FLAC DECORATOR m 2396 JAMAICA AVENUE I Telephone, 1034 Richmond Hill RICHMOND HILL, N. Y. I I

Presided over by Will Graham. whom i YE ANCHORAGE INN 1 hurried look around you will see everybody knows. is a different place! i records of the visits of many famous . . I than any you have ever visited. men who many times have enjoyed the originality stands out everywhere.Here It I hospitality of Ye Anchorage Inn. You would take volumes to describe what / are now ready to attend to the inner you see as soon as you enter, yes,) man and this is one place he is well before you enter. Motoring along the I attended to. Merrick road at Blue Point you are Space does not permit us to do this attracted by a Sphinx on the lawn. Ii subject justice. but a motoring trip on Your turn in. alight from your car. and! Long Island without making a stop at there is Will Graham to welcome you. 1 /Will Graham's Anchorage Inn is by Every niche of the walls is hung with no manner of means complete, and you _en the z*nts .n bm, ind the I all sorts and kinds of curios. After a i ,entze ahmazoo-. I will remember it as long as you live

THE FLUSHING DAILY TIMES Published at 70 Broadway, Flushing, N. Ye

Is THE local newspaper of the Third Ward of Queens. The only newspaper which has consist- I ently and persistently worked and fought for the upbuilding of this section. The only newspaper in the Third Ward which has an opinion, and expresses that opinion straight.

CHILDREN TEETHING Baby Is Very Comfortable and Laughs During the Teething, Period, THANKS TO Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup Contains Neither Opium nor Morphine nor Their Derivatives PURELY VEGETABLE NOT NARCOTIC Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 85

- > -- - - - * ------.. - - - - fiery band of reformers, who felt called to work out their theories of social freedom: and its historv is woven full of faith and as~iration: I of high ideal and noble resolve. And as it now lies peacefully basking in the sunshine, waiting and Ady fo; its new destiny, it seems as though the shades of the fathers still walk its streets and breathe their bene- diction upon it. It was back in 1851 that the loyal band of reformers, with Josiah Warren at their head, founded on the Islip plains the village of Modem Times. Among them were Horace Greeley (whose heirs still own property here), then looming up as the forceful editor of the "Tribune"; Charles A. Dana, who had not yet founded the "Sun," but was still writing editorials for the "Tribune"; Stephen Pearl Andrews; George Ripley, the historian, and others. Most of them had taken part in the "Brook Farm" movement in Massachusetts, which Hawthorne made famous in his "Blithedale Romance." But it did not go to the bottom of the economic theories of the day, especially so far as the interchange of labor was concerned; and these choice spirits felt that in the newer environment they could work out their plans to better advantage. So a large tract of land near (the then) Thompsons Station was purchased and laid out on broad, comprehensive lines. The pioneers toiled with great energy. Blocks of four acres were laid out; and the curb and lot lines set with evergreen and deciduous trees, as well as many fruit trees. The latter owe their presence to the broad humanitarian spirit underlying the movement, even though their presence did not practically carry out its demands. One of the fathers said: "Brethren, let us plant fruit trees along our streets, so that the wayfarer may not have to demean himself by begging at our doors"; and to him they all agreed, despite the cap- tious query of a brother of weaker faith: "What will the wayfarer do in winter?" So they dug in the rich, warm soil which the leaders had shrewdly and wisely chosen; planted their orchards and berries, their trees and shrubs, their school and village hall; and all prospered under the glow of ardor and enthusiasm. One of the cardinal principles of the movement was the interchange of labor; and, to facilitate this, scrip was issued, signed by the Village Treasurer, which was received among the members as currency. The values of a bushel of wheat, a pair of shoes, a day's labor were fixed by schedule; and scrip of appro- priate value was issued to the man or woman who had created anything tangible wherewith he or she might procure the necessaries of life. The plan worked well in theory afltd among themselves, or until the "outside barbarians who sold them goods demanded greenbacksin payment, as the former Treasurer (the late Charles A. Codman) quaintly expressed it; and it naturally fell of its own weight. But they had a paper-box factory, a harness shop, and raised wonderfully good fruits and berries, and developed into a prosperous community. They were all bright and brainy. The writer recalls summers spent there fifty years ago as a boy, in which wit flashed against even brighter wit, debate ran high, and the fountain of literary culture was full to over- flowing. All the old dramatists found exponents at the village hall before appreciative audiences. The glee club sang, artists painted, poets wrote, philosophers poured forth copious streams of wisdom, and a peace too idyllic for this practical world hovered over the community. It is quite untrue that free love ever had any foothold in the scheme. To the minds of its followers it was too serious a problem to admit of any lower ideals. They hoped to regenerate the world, to cut out wrong and misery, to stimulate a general and lasting brotherhood of man which should place even the weakest brothzr on a par with those more capable. It was a sharing of ideal and substance if needed; and? like most altruistic notions, was not appreciated by the coldly practical life in the world about it. A?ld so lt passed, gradually. A faithful few, +thin their intimate circle, clung to the old brotherhood idea. But the grim Reaper gradually thinned their r=ks until now only four of the old guard are left with a wealth of memories to sweeten their declining years. But the village still feels the impress of the founders. The wide street5 and ample grounds of the old part of the village, with its magnificent growths of trees planted over sixtj years ago, testify to their love of nature and the beautiful. The houses nestle behind bowers of shrubs and vlnes or tall hedges. One acre was allotted to each person and each was expected to show his indnstq- thereoil by tis fruits. An2 it is still a sing-~larlycnltivatec! village, with the old spirit of self-help so dominant that there is not a person within its limits on the poor- funds of the town today. As a natural sequence of thls history, the village is now the seat of a great institution of learning as well as a large sanitarium. A strong and capable development movement has taken the newer portion of the village in hand, and along lines of perfectly good taste has made it into a graceful and dignified enlargement of the old village and in perfect harmony with it. Twinkling electric lights shine under the old trees; stores and a garage with auto delivery meet the temporal wants; three churches supply the spiritual demands, and several hotels house and feed the wayfarer. And in no derogation of the older idea is the newer one that here health of mind and body may be best served by nature's own beneficent provision. Lying "In the Heart of the Great Plne Belt" of Long Island (the largest in the State outside the Adirondacks)-the trees, the air, the soil, the pure water, give off their combination of healing influences to tired and sick humanity. The island itself is a great sanitarium. projecting as it does like a huge dock out into the broad Atlantic. It has its own climate, not that of the Continent, from which it is detached. Swept on every side by breezes that are not only absolutely free from germ or taint, but laden with the salt breath of the sea as well as the fragrant balsam of the pine, it furnishes an ideal retreat for the tired and overworked toilers of the city. And Breirtwood is the Capital City in this work of healing. NO other spot on the Island quite so admirably combine all these features. It is far enough from the sea so that the rawness is taken from the air, and yet near enough so that the roar of its breakers can be heard on a south breeze, and all of its attractive features be made available. If the plans . of the nresent leaders in the . 86 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY .DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

We desire to call your attention to the fact that we are now ready for our Summer season, and we make Summer Suits and Dresses (from your own material) at the usual Summer prices, ranging from SUITS, $6.50 DRESSES, $4.00 SKIRTS, $1 .SO RELIANCE DRESS CO. BUEERS GF Women's and Misses' Outer Wearing Apparel of All Description 234 LIVINGSTON ST,, BROOKLYN, N. Y. OPPOSITE ELM PLACE

/ Any Book in the World, \ in any language, promptly safely delivered to any pomt on the Globe, through

Mail, Cable, Telephone, Tala graph, and Messenger Sefi vice given fmmediate and intefient attention. I Eagle Libray-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 87 ( E,vang9a Montauk Storage Go. and Moving 'Vad BOXING, PACKING AND SHIPPING TO ALL PARTS OF THE WGRLD Storage Rooms $ZmO0Per Month and Upwards AUTO VANS FOR CITY AND COUNTRY MOVING OFFICES AND WAREHOUSES 189 TO 199 SO. PORTLAND AVE. BROOKLYN, N. Y. Telephones 4500 & 4501 Pr~spect

I ITHE DAVIS & WEIS§\ SPECIAL $18 MADE TO I IORDER SUIT OR TOPCOAT- Cannot be Duplicated $ Elsewhere for 25 OPPOSITE BOROUGH HALL 361 FULTON STREET BRANCH STORES: IBROADWAY at Gates Ave. 80 WALL ST., N. Y. 1 88 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPM.

THE AFTERNOON PORCH IN NASSAU COUNTY Summer the Suburbs is attractive because you are in a position to see nature unfold, because it indicates the coming of summer pleasures that abound in Nassau County, the great residential section of Metropolitan New York. WINDSOR LAND AND IMPROVEMENT CO. offers several substantially built houses that embody all the features of city conveniences at very low prices, and choice building plots in subdivisions that' are thoroughly improved with curbs and sidewalks, electric light, gas, telephone, etc., all within easy commuting distance. We have successful developments at Hempstead, East Rockaway, Oceanside, Floral Park, Valley Stream, Lynbrook, Rockville Centre and Rosedale, all on Long Island in the southern half of Nassau County. Send for a booklet. It will show you the way to own your own home. Windsor Land and Improvement Co. D. MAUJER McLAUGHLIN, President LONGACRE BUILDING, Entire Eleventh Floor 1476 Broadway Telephone, Bryant 146 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; lTS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 89

SAFETYAND SECURITY IN THE PURCHASE OF REAL ESTATE

WE INDORSE the campaigns for the protection of real estate investors by exposing the real estate companies selling worthless stocks and bonds, represented as being secured by real estate. THESE CAMPAIGNS deserve the support and co-operation of all real estate interests, and the public should appreciate the efforts in their behalf. ESTABLISHED IN 1897, this Company owns and controls over 10,080 acres of real estate on Long Island and has developed and sold 7,000 acres. NO BONDS of any kind have ever been issued. NO STOCK has ever been offered for sale. NO MORTGAGES are on any of the properties of this Company.

NO ENCUMBRANCES of any kind whatsoever on any property offered for sale, every parcel being absolutely free and clear. NO HIGH PRICES asked for property, due to the fcresfght of the president of the Company in purchasing holdings prior to the great activity in Long Island real estate. IN HEMPSTEAD and vicinity we have concentrated our efforts to develop and sell suburban real estate, being confident that property in this section offered the most desirable and con- veniently located home sites. WE ARE NOW OFFERING houses, bungalows, acreage plots, villa sites and lots at attractive prices and on easy monthly payments. Call, Write or Phone Worth 4657 for Hempstead Booklet and References 0. L. SCHWENCKE LAND & INVESTMENT CO. GENERAL OFFICES 277 Broadway, New York Established 20 Years 90 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

I Wonder If You Can Tell Me? Yes! WeCan!! If you desire information about Travel, Resorts, Hotels, Railroad and Steam- ship Lines, Auto Tours, Walking Trips, Educational Instruction or data in regard to any kindred subjects, use the free services of The Brooklyn Daily Eagle Information Bureau Your question will be answered cheerfully and promptly. Over 10,000 varieties of free literature for distribution to you or your friends. Eagle Bureau-J ohnson and Washington Sts. BROOKLYN- JAMAICA-No. 354 Fulton St. Bath Beach, Bath Ave., near Bay 19th St. MANHATTAN- Bedford Ave, No. 1248, near Fulton St. Fifth Ave, No. 225, Room 321. Broadway, No. 210, near Driggs Ave. World Bldg, 21 Park Row, Room 305. Ninth St, No. 321, near Fifth Ave. WASHINGTON-608 14th St. Flatbush Ave, No. 838, near Linden Ave. PARIS-53 Rue Cambon. Gat.Ave, No. 1022, near Eiroadway. LONDON3 Regent St. Classified ! Quick Results==Econornyof Tirne==Savingof Money HREE REASONS why The Brooklyn Eagle is both the LEADING and practically the ONLY classified advertising medium in Brooklyn. When a Brooklynite or Long Islander wants anything, he can find it without waste of time in its proper classification among The Eagle classified ads. Naturally, the advertiser gets Quick Results at a Saving of Money. Advertising in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle Both Advertiser Pays and Reader Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 91 THE EAGLE LIBRARY A Series of Publications onTop;cs of Contemporaneous Interest (Rumbers out of Print are marked thus*. Copies may be seen on appll~tlonat The Eagle Information Bursru) (Libraries from 1 to 28 are out of prlnt.) NO. 77-Wanhlngton Guide. 1801. Prla 16c NO. 18O-Clvil Servlce Qulde. Price Y Centa. No. %New York State Canal Brrada. &~~~&t~Rpri~dFd NO. 181-Educat1one.l Dlrectory. all yearn. - AUSUEt. 1B98. RlCB 6 ats. No. 79-*od- aellglomr no-t 10~.R$z 6~~~aturallzatlonand NO. 80--*The PoUtld Oamplllgn of 1888. No. SO--Pope Leo XUL (Ill111)lrated.) FTIae L~W; Price 16 mm. No. 31-The Federal Bankruptcy Lsw of 16 cellta No. 133-Clvil Servlce Examlaatton Qnes- SBS, with Tabulated 1nde.x. by Theodore Aub. No. 81-Chrter of the Clty of New York. tlma For Patrolmen and Flrernen. mce 100 Cloth Cover. small &e. Rlcs $LOO. 1832. Rice W cents: Cloth Edttloa 8l.00. No. 1-Amerieau Pulplt. Prlce 15 cents No. **The Clvil Servlce Lsw of New NO. 82--F&pld Tranat Act and the Fran- York State: the Ford Ttu Fraachl~sLaw and chlse Lam. Price 25 cants d~'bf"N,",~Ece~~",;~ts.La~ and Su11- tbe Ahearn and McCsrrsn Teachers Bflla No. %Tar LBua bireetlnp New York Clty. mNz$3ete z.rOOklyn's Call to Homed%ekers. NO. 32-a~ Complete Raview of the Span- Price 25 cents. NO 137-The Tomens System. Pnca 26 centa lah-Amaricsn War. (Illumrated.) 1899. -IOrtsman'a with Oame NO: 138--The Emmanuel Movement Prloe NO. WMltnlalpal Ownerstip. &~clea by Price 26 wts. 10 centa Wm. E ~daoon.(nlnatr~tee.) NQ. SBulldlng and Health Lawn of New No. l39-Summer ~esmr~lrectorg. a11 y- No. 84-Spoopendyke Sketches by Stanley York CitY. Price 25 cents: Cloth. 75 cent& -1, 5 Htmtley. Papar aovar, price 26 'cants; Cloth No. 86-Book of Plctores and Storlea for No. 14bThs NaUonal Partles. Prlce lw. cover, 60 cents. Yomr Paople. Rice 60 mra No. 141-Amerlcan Board of Forel- Miti No. 85--The Charier of the Clty of New No. 87-Cmmt Religions Thonght Rice dons. Prlce 10 cants. Yak. wlth Amendmcnta 15 cents. No. 142-Prlaon Shlp Martyrs' Monument No. 36-'The Primary and Electlon Laws as No. WEducatlonal Dlrectow. Prlce 1- Amended by the Le@slatun, of 18BB. D$~~~~~~~~n~&l~~&?;teen-. No. 88--Sve~lal Laws Enacted the State FollowlnS issued dnrfng 1909. inelrd- No. 87-Th3 Enlldlng Chde of New York of New York Leglalatare. 1903 RlC0 lo amta ing ~~~l~ and lm, Clty. 1899. No. 90-*Civil Servlce Qulde. Rlcs 16 cents 127 65 139 1% 119. NO. 88-LFnther Malone Marnorla. (Illnu- No. 01-Eagle Cartoom. Rlu, 25 cents NO.'~&TO&~ &w and aarnlshw LSW. tmted.) January. 1900. Rlce 6 cent.. No. 92--*The American Sulplt Rice 10 cents. NoPo.89-*Plymouth Church Annala (Illua- No. gS--.Gulde to pda and the Princlp~l No. 146Llnedn Cent-. Price 10 centa Uated.) Febrnnm, 1900. Rice 6 oeats Counules of ~urope. No. 146-Proposed New York Charter. No. 40-Annual Meetlne SuUolk Conntg No. WSummer Resort Oulde. Prlce 10c lo Elatorleal Society. 1900. Price 5 cant& No. 06-The Democratto Handboo& 181 No. 41-Workers and the Trnat. (nlnstrat- Rlce 15 eenta No 14SQmvar Cleveland Memorial. Prim ed.) ~p.C~M. M. sunner. my. WIO. ~lce6c. NO -e Rapuhll- mdbook. 10~.10 &ts. No. 42-Vbe Charter of the City of NOW ~rice.15 cents. No. 149-4 I. Antomobne Gulda Prlce 50 York wltb imendmenta NO. 97-Edutatlonal Number. (Illustrated.) Cmta No. 4S-B~llding Code of New York Clty, September, lsOl No. 150-Theodore L. Cuyler MemorW. m. Price 6 cents. Scot*sh Chnrcb %:- y53_"zD!dTranalt kw. Price I0 cents, NO. 44-Tbe New York Primary and Qen- We. October. 1901. Price -15 cents 86 era1 Election IAW.1908. Rice eente. No. Ot+*Sermom by Rev. Wm. J. Damon. ~6~~~L~~m~,"1~~~t~m NoOo.4S-Saaltary Code of the Bomrd oi Rlce 10 centn. No. 164-Penal Coda Priea 25 cents Health. Clty of New York, m. No- 1cW-Queatlona and humera. 190~Prfce NO. 165--~merican ~~lpit.mce 10 cent#. No. 46-*Questions and Anmvem. 1900. 10 cents Followi~p:issued durin~1910 lnelud- NO. 47-~dmostlon DIM-. p,qm 5 -ts NO. 101-~aae Alma~ta~a, to 1909. in- ing Ea& Almanac and ~oslSJ 128, 121, 127, 771,119, 181. lS9. rcds'ca. cl~~~lO!Z-Cntskfl~Onlde. Prlce 10 cents. No 156-0~~Taxes. Prlca 25 cents. p~~$~~~t"t~~~~~~Impmvement. No. 4-e Propolled Chvter oi Q-tID No. 10S-Problems of LUB Insurance. Prlce 10~&2~7--~-aics 10 New York. ps ??m$m~Mby the m- centa 15SQovernrnent Book' lo slon C0mml6slan. Docembar, ll)OB. No. 104--The Royal Arcanurn pad Fraternal c$zt"a No. 60- he harkan communes, M-~~"anea. Rice 10 cents. No. l69-The Llquor Tax Law. Prlce 26 C81 Soclallen in the Vnlted Statea a- No. 106MortOa4s Tax Lsw. Prlce 10 cents cents. trated.) BY C. hf. Skinner. No. 106--r8ummar Resort Directory. Rice No 160-Employers Ltabllltp Lsa Inherlt- No. 61-AChrialm Sclenee Clalms-Unsclea- 6 cents. ance' Tax Law, and Antomoblle IA'w. Alee tl5c and Un-Chrlstlm. BY Wm E Mnldoon. NO. 107-*~olde to Paria md the mipal 25 cents No. 52-Cbaraaer Rketchea of pm-mt Countrlea of Europe. 1W3 Price 16 cent.& No. 16l-Queatlons and Answara. Rice 10 Am0rl- (Illneted.) Prlce 10 tents, NO. 10&%e ~mericsn~ulpl+ ~lce10 No. 162--American Publt. Prlca 10 centa No. 68--.Tenernent Honue Law* 1901. 1centa. Following isaaed alurfng 1911, Snelud- No. 54-WMrter of the ClW of New York, No. 109-Questlone and An~nawera Prlca 10 Ins Eagle Almanac and Nos. !I&.121 1DOL cents. 128, 131, 189, 149. 156. 18% revtsd: No. 66A aids to the pan-~merlc~n NO. 1x0-*practld ~ot- on ~botograp~y. No. 1-pman-Ale-der Evzmmfatic dtlon, BoffaIo. N. Y.. 190L Prim 6 ants, Prlce 25 centa Mlsslon. Price 10 centa. No. 66-*Summer Resort DIrectwy. 1901. No. Ill-Two Amerlcsna in r Motor Cu lSN,"dzt',-Resl Estate IaWa Rev'ised. (nlnsttated) mee 10 mu. Tourlng In Europe. W-ce 50 centa and rim. KO 6T-The Am&- &Idler. Btudlem ln No. 1lZ-Dlnsendlefer, Cltizan and Pt~bllcl~~twNz &:SFd ChMar' *. A& Zlfe. by Charles M. dar. Septsm- Prlbe 10 cents. NO. IS&LCW Electlon LUW and ~latlon em, 190L (nlnstrsted.) mm10 cmta No. 11-e herlean P&lL Wee 10 ~i~ltrictBoundarles. Price 26 cents No. -ucatld Dhctory. 'mice loo. cents No. 167LDlrect Prlmdes Lsw. N. Y. State. No. 6B--.The McKinley MEBIO~WI. (III~u-No. 114-LUe Insurance. &mstrong Racom- 1911 Prlce 25 cents. brted) Price 10 COnts; Cloth cover. 60 cants mendauona and Bllls. Prlcs 10 cents ~oiiowinglsmed durinlc 191% Inelud- NO. 60-public mclpls ~n NOW ~orkSmte NO. llwnmmer ~esonD-W. In= Eaxle m~lmae No*. a 11% mu, 121 I= 181 189 154 186 rcdmed md Clty. December. 1WL Prlee 10 cents. 10 cents. m~n~~rhmeniBoo'' new. Bi-Aison. of the ~ruonmd them- No. 116-Qrdde to Pu4 YO(L Prlm l6 1 auter by Chulcs Y. sldnnor. mc0 lo cants centk No. Tmemr Law and 2: i:"7-~-av~o=tio~m~tof 1~8.wee 10 1 l~~~e~~ Bnlldhg Coda of the ClW of New York. No. -Excise of New york 8-to NO. mlmmte hmmd * I~$."1~2rnertmu WI~. u -ts. banded tbe of ls~b ~nes.1~~%z.Fe&rs zs,".N. y. Redsee. Following ismed durfng 1918, Inelad- No. 64-*The Clvil Sarvlee m. Prlee 50 eSnta. ins Eagle Almanac and Xos. 66, I=, No. BbRDlley EXPI- hut N~Wyork. NO. z~~orurdarieuof Eleetlon Dlsflcm, 128. 151, 130 revlad. IW adltlon. (m~s~rated.) 10 cent.& NOW Task Cle. Price 10 cents. NO im-~arn& MY Mind Ylnd Me. LO sn~. No 121-Bnlldlnp and Baslth Lawa. New NO' 1'18-P0dtW R81sins-lo No PoulsQulde. (IUn.trrted.) NO' 174-xotorlst'a Manual. I cent% NO: 67-nmmer Besort Qllide. 1902. Prlce k y$~:c~t&~~~e~&pulpit pdg 100 fi. llb~ab01uw. 10 cenm NO. 68-Tbe United SbtaS and the Phlllp No 128-.Autoblosaphy of Emma Bullet- NO: 17GUnlted State8 TariffLUW of 191% pine Wdm. F'rlee 10 cent.. parioPsrLcorrespondentof the Eagle. men 101~ Prlce 10 cent%. No. 6t+Watar -I-. Price 10 -ts. No. 1ZP-"Conetltutlon of the Unlted states. No lV-Be*een Lfnes. 35 enft. of I0 NO: 178--bmerlc~n~nlplt Wce 10 en-. No. 70-Mdclpal Cow MCQ mm 10 and New York State. Prlu, cents cgta Ibvb~d1008 Following ilslsaed during 1914, inelrd- . ;~~A&t,"m~;LBsnS","~$B. No. 71--%dnutld Number. Price 1- p4 Z+gmmin ing Eagle Almanac and No. 63 re- NO. I-M~OP. 8W 1~11~em.P~CB 10s Bgz?~~7yi%%: %%% to P~J~o(1- Ba- and Cllrreney Lav. NO. 7-0 Modern Pulpit Rice 10~. dltloa ) mce10 cents Prlce 26 centn. No. 74-me Beher Memo-

A Good Buy!

-- -

Real Estate on Long Isiand

Men of Wealth Purchase .It!

Long Island property is becoming more valuable year after year. The reason of this is Long Island today is being searched by the discriminat- ing man for a location for an all-year-round home. When you are ready to join the Long Island Colony be certain to.consult the classified columns of The Eagle. Many bargains of this charming section are daily advertised. Are You Familiar

with what is going on in your neighboring town? If not, The Eagle will tell y0i.i. It prifits all of the social, business and all other reliable news of the entire island. It's one of The Eagle's distinct. features. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3 Cents And Worth It! Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 93

Andrew Carnegie once said:

'HER men's brains 'have made ' '0me rich-I seldom fail to read their catalogs. 'Tis said I've more money than some. If so, 'tis because I've had more courage than some. I let the slow-coaches use the old ma- chinkI chucked into the scrap- heap-quick. "The latest machine I bought from the latest catalog. That plan is the earliest by which to make money in a staple business. "There's brains in catalogs-but only for brains."

Try the stimulating effect of Catalogs in pushing your business. We'll be glad to talk it over with you, suggest styles and qfiote p.:?ices. 94 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPP.lENT. C. W. RULAND; Funeral Director, Embalmer and Undertaker PATCHOGUE, L. I.

The undertaking and embalming establishment of C. W. Ruland, situated at North Ocean Avenue and Lake Street, Patchogue, is one of the most up-to-date concerns of its kind on Long Island. Mr. Ruland's experience of forty years in business has been marked with success. Every modern device known to the profession is found at Ruland's, and efficiency, combined with prompt, courteous, honest service, has met with a large and merited patronage. Mr. Ruland can well be called the pioneer in his profession on Long Island by reason of his leadership in modernism. He is the first man in Suffolk County to erecl a funeral chapel, morgue and embalming par- lors, all In one building, fully equipped with the most modern devices. This beautiful building, just completed on North Ocean Avenue at the corner of Lake Street, is one of the show buildings of the village. The funeral chapel on the first floor, accommodating over 100 persons, and fittingly decorated and equipped, is the first of its kind in this section of Long Island. A deep underground basement is used as a morgue. The upper story is used as an embalming laboratory. This up-to-date establishment has a vault in Cedar Grove Cemetery for the use of its patrons. Associated with Mr. Ruland in the business are his two sons, Clarence W. Ruland and John Ruland, both licensed embalmers.

=-!?!!!!E-77------1 SEEK HEALTH When you stop to think just where you would like to seek health this year, let The Eagle's Free Information Bureau aid you. Many good places will be spoken of and booklets, photographs and circulars can be secured-all to help you. BROOKLYN DAILY EAGLE Fourth Floor, 307 Washington Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.

~ele~hone6200 Main. OPEN ALL NIGHT. Eagle Librav-LONG ISLAND; ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT. 95 Mrs. TYLER-MILLER Importer and Manufacturer of Fine Hair Goods Shampooing,80 and 82 Manicuring,FLEET STREET, BROOKLYN Hair Dressing -

fK&<*&@'&yj#~~~2:*>* ;alp- and Facial Massage LARGEST LINE OF HAIR GOOD6 IN THE CITY-LOWEST PRICES Private Room for Each Patron For erav. bleached or faded hair I - a* recommend and use in my establishment

E~D~~ss* --- Immved* ~ Hair Stain-does not rub off or stain the scalp, leaves the hair 11 soft and glossy, so that it can be curled or waved beautifully. Guaranteed abso- I lutely harmless by the leading derma- toloeistsw of the Universities of Berlin and Lei~sic.Germany, and Paris, France. lg

80-82 Fleet St., Brooklyn Opp. Loese9.s and New Dinw Samngs Bank Tel. Main 1319

WANTED-OLD SILVER CHINA AND ANTIQUE FURNITURE

Highest Price Paid for Old American and English Silver

and Antiques i C. R+MORSON, 301 Fulton Street, Brooklyn 96 Eagle Library-LONG ISLAM); ITS EARLY DAYS AND DEVELOPMENT.

Photographic Reproductions and Local View Post Cards Made to Order Developing and Printing for the Amateur Photographer We Do All Kinds of Photography Everywhere by Appointment WRITE FOR SAMPLES OF WORK AND PRICES - ROTOGRAPH COMPANY, 523 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn TELEPHONE 7959 MAIN

MUSIC ROLLS FOR PLAYERPIANOS ALL $1.75 and $1.50 Rolls...... 75c. only ALL $1.25 and $1.00 Rolls...... 50c. only ALL 75c. Rolls...... 35c. only

From Manufacturer Direct to You ORDER BY MAIL Local Parcel Post Rate, 5 'cents for one roll-l cent for each additional roll.

238 LIVINGSTON ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y. SEND NAME AND ADDRESS FOR CATALOG AND WEEKLY

Special list of new Tangos, One-Step, Hesitation Waltzes and Popular Songs. . .. - .

......

, i Factr Better Than Manufacturers ' claims . . . , , ". . .. , .+. . 8 .,.., . ... or Salesmen's Arguments , . .. . . (' . . . .. , .. N'-the-;old.days, when you were on the market to purchase .. , ..) :. .. . , ' -. : r machinery or appliances for your business, a salesman called '., I . . . I:on you, showed you a few pictures of the article you were inter- ...'. - - ' - ested in: and told you what the manufacturer claimed for it; and , .- '..r' . if the salesman talked well and the pictures looked good, the sale . .. .. ,, . . ... /. %.wasmade. 1 ,. . ' ., ...... Our method changes all this, completely discards.rnanufacturers' .- . ' . '. . . : ' 'claimsand :enables you to "know" that the appliance meets your ,-

- I . . .needs before you purchase. .! : . . . L. . . . . : There are on display at our new building, 1022 to, 1028 Fulton . j: Street, between Grand and Franklin Avenues, over two hundred . ... - types of apparatus and burners. Some of them will be of popu- . . ; ,. . . lardinterest inyour line of business. " , ...-,. . . :: ~ver~appliance is connected with a test meter, so that you may ., . . . . . 'not. only see. the work done for which it is intended, but also note - 3:: - . . . .,'.... - ,.. . - , . - {theexact :amount of gas.used in the operation. - . . .. _ .. r, r'. > - - I,. - +.t ;!><... , :. 'we show .you exactly what gas does when correctly used. :'we . .: ' . - , . ,.-illustrate ' to .you why our appliances work efficiently. You see ...... ' =-foryourself why gas is the ideal fuel; clean, economical, starting' . . land ceasing work and expense at the turn of a lever.

...... , .. . . -:, ring a sample of your work here. We can then tell you exactly

, . - ,what appliance is most usefhl to you and you can try it and learn . . -. - f6r+.yourself.I< : ' . .

,. . Our-se~ces,our appliances and our gas at the demonstration are.

. . at your disposal without any obligation on your part. . .%.

. s .-I . . '*.IT.H-E~.. ,. BROOKLYN UNION GAS C 0.-. . .. 1022-1028 FULTON STREET I . . . ,. Telephone Prospect 8096 - 1 ,- secure the best care, telephone our Estimate Department. 5560 TE ain. for the storage of &ur household goods and valuables. Expert Carpets cleaned by electric or vacuum machinery 25 to 44 FcYton St., Brooklyn I. The Eagle Warehonse and Storage Co eTELEPHONE. 6560 MAiN

OFFICERS ahd DIRECTW?S of EAal-E W"REH0USEAND STORAOECOMPANY ! OFFICERS . JOHN H. HALLOCK, rrc-!c!cnt JOHN E CASSIDY, Vice-president &- Mgr. IIEXDE:: I I'. I;U?;NISON. Sccrctar: at~cl Treasurer D! RECTORS ANDREWD. BAIRD JULIA;, r). i: II~;LIIIIi) T. 31. LLOYD P. J. CARLIN JOHN E. CASSIDY ~IFRJ-Z~r 1;. Lr!:::~rqnx \$'>I. ?,I.VAX :INDEX J. H. HALL~CK DANIELJ. CRF iVlr1.1 t-. !I~~TFI: " I: 1.~C;R\SD BEERS IV. V. HFSTER

7 .";p 'j' % b" ' -:.2%2g?&?s&&?:w+------~~,--%&?+a.=7~~~~"",~~I -&'