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Perlindungan Hukum Atas Karya Cipta Permainan Video Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta

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Perlindungan Hukum Atas Karya Cipta Permainan Video Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta DIPONEGORO LAW JOURNAL Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Website : http://www.ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/dlr/ PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS KARYA CIPTA PERMAINAN VIDEO MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA Iqbal Abdul Malik*, Budi Santoso, Siti Mahmudah Program Studi S1 Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Diponegoro E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi dalam bidang hiburan menghasilkan jenis-jenis sarana hiburan baru, salah satunya Permainan Video. Permainan Video merupakan sarana hiburan yang merupakan suatu barang hasil Ciptaan, yang dalam proses penciptaanya memerlukan pengorbanan baik itu waktu, tenaga, pikiran, dan juga biaya, sehingga sebuah Karya Permainan Video wajib mendapat perlindungan. Permasalahan yang akan diteliti adalah menjelaskan bagaimana Permainan Video bisa dikategorikan sebagai objek perlindungan Hak Cipta dan implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dalam menyelesaikan masalah pelanggaran Hak Cipta Permainan Video. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian hukum ini adalah metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian didasarkan pada pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait yang berlaku meskipun fakta yang dipermasalahkan dan dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian untuk dikaji adalah suatu keadaan empirik. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa Permainan Video merupakan Karya seni dan sekaligus Karya Cipta kompleks yang terdiri atas gabungan beberapa Karya Cipta seperti musik, tarian, gambar, lukisan, pemrograman, fotografi, karya sastra dan karya Cipta lainnya, sehingga layak dijadikan objek perlindungan Hak Cipta. Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Karya Cipta, Permainan Video, Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014, Hak Cipta ABSTRACT The development of technology in entertainment has created new forms of entertainment, one of them is video gaming. video gaming is a form of entertainment, a creation that takes time, energy, mind, and money in its process of creation, thus a video game is a creation that is obligated to obtain protection. The case that will be researched in this paper is how video gaming can be categorized as an object of copyright protection and implementation on law no. 28 of 2014 on copyright in order to solve a problem on violation of copyright in video gaming. The method used in research is normative judicial approach. Based on the research conducted, it is found that video gaming is a form of art and a complex work that consists of the combination of other works such as music, dance, picture, painting, programming, photography, literature, and other works, thus makes it a proper object of copyright protection. Key Words: Legal Protection, Copyrights Work, Video Games, Act No. 28 of 2014, Copyrights 1 DIPONEGORO LAW JOURNAL Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Website : http://www.ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/dlr/ I. PENDAHULUAN menambah pengetahuan, atau Didalam kehidupan, manusia mengembangkan keterampilannya selalu memerlukan hiburan untuk secara objektif atau untuk menyeimbangkan kebutuhan jiwa meningkatkan keikutsertaan dalam mereka, karena hiburan adalah bermasyarakat setelah ia melepaskan kegiatan yang dijadikan sebagai diri dari pekerjaannya, keluarga, dan pelepas beban dan tekanan atas kegiatan sosial. 2 segala macam rutinitas hidup sehari- Apabila kita kaitkan hari yang manusia hadapi, serta teknologi dengan hiburan, hal ini kebutuhan akan hiburan ini semakin dapat kita saksikan bagaimana dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat modern perubahan teknologi pada perangkat yang tinggal di perkotaan dengan hiburan berupa film. Apabila sekitar berbagai kompleksitas permasalahan beberapa puluh tahun yang lalu film hidup. diputar dengan menggunakan Hiburan sendiri berisikan proyektor film dan memakai media berbagai macam kegiatan yang mana berupa pita film yang terkesan sangat seseorang akan mengikuti tidak efisien, belum lagi penonton keinginannya sendiri baik untuk harus mendatangi bioskop-bioskop beristirahat, menghibur diri sendiri, untuk menontonnya. Seiring dengan menambah pengetahuan, atau penggunaan televisi yang semakin mengembangkan keterampilannya memasyarakat diperkenalkanlah secara objektif atau untuk penggunaan kaset video yang lebih meningkatkan keikutsertaan dalam praktis sehingga mereka yang ingin bermasyarakat setelah ia melepaskan menonton film cukup menyalakan diri dari pekerjaannya, keluarga, dan televisi di rumah dan kegiatan sosial. 1 menghubungkannya dengan video Didalam kehidupan, manusia selalu player. Perkembangan lebih lanjut memerlukan hiburan untuk adalah penggunaan keping laser disc menyeimbangkan kebutuhan jiwa yang menghasilkan kualitas gambar mereka, karena hiburan adalah dan suara yang lebih bagus daripada kegiatan yang dijadikan sebagai kaset video. Kemudian pada dekade pelepas beban dan tekanan atas terakhir ini diperkenalkan segala macam rutinitas hidup sehari- penggunaan keping compact disc hari yang manusia hadapi, serta (CD) dan digital video disc (DVD) kebutuhan akan hiburan ini semakin sebagai penyimpan data termasuk dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat modern berupa film yang dapat diputar yang tinggal di perkotaan dengan dengan menggunakan VCD/ DVD berbagai kompleksitas permasalahan player yang lebih praktis dan efisien. hidup. Hiburan sendiri berisikan Selain perkembangan berbagai macam kegiatan yang mana teknologi pada film, teknologi yang seseorang akan mengikuti berkembang pesat dalam bidang keinginannya sendiri baik untuk hiburan adalah permainan. beristirahat, menghibur diri sendiri, Permainan adalah setiap kontes 1 Tolkidsen George, Leisure and Recreation 2 Miarso Yusufhadi, Definisi Teknologi Management, Routledge, New York, 2005, Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2007), P. 27. hal. 62. 2 DIPONEGORO LAW JOURNAL Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Website : http://www.ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/dlr/ antara pemain yang berinteraksi satu karya, entah itu berbentuk tulisan, sama lain dengan mengikuti aturan- lagu, lukisan, atau bentuk karya aturan tertentu untuk mencapai lainnya, adalah sebuah aset. Aset tujuan tertentu pula.3 Permainan adalah sumber daya yang dikuasai sekarang ini bagi sebagian besar oleh seseorang atau badan hukum, orang muda maupun tua menjadi sebagai akibat dari peristiwa masa kebutuhan yang tak terpisahkan, lalu dan diharapkan dapat bahkan tak jarang diantara mereka menimbulkan keuntungan di masa sangat menggilai permainan. Jika depan. Seniman atau Pencipta yang dahulu kita mengenal permainan ular membuat musik, lukisan, atau bentuk tangga, monopoli, catur, dan jenis karya lainnya, dapat menjual karya permainan konvensional lainnya, mereka tersebut dan mendapat pada era millennium sekarang keuntungan dari itu, sehingga karya- permainan sudah dimainkan melalui karya cipta tersebut adalah aset. alat elektronik yang canggih dengan Begitu pula Pencipta Permainan tampilan yang sangat realistis atau Video, semua sumberdaya berupa yang biasa disebut Permainan Video karya-karya yang ada yang (Video Games). digunakan dalam mencipta Proses penciptaan Permainan Video Permainan Video, beserta Permainan dilakukan dengan memprogram data- Videonya sendiri, adalah aset karena data elektronik, lalu pencipta juga motif mereka mencipta adalah untuk memasukan unsur-unsur lainnya mendapatkan keuntungan ekonomi. seperti gambar, foto, desain, suara, Kemudian Permainan Video beserta dan lagu. Dilihat dari unsur yang aset-aset lainnya tersebut haruslah membentuknya, tidak heran jika mendapat perlindungan. permainan video merupakan sebuah Selain itu Pencipta Permainan produk yang memiliki banyak Video juga mengerahkan sumber muatan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, daya lain, seperti rekan/mitra kerja, khususnya Hak Cipta. sejumlah uang, dan hal lainnya untuk Seseorang atau perusahaan menghasilkan sebuah karya yang yang mengembangkan Permainan dapat dibanggakan serta tentunya Video mungkin menghabiskan waktu memiliki nilai jual ketika nanti bertahun-tahun untuk dipasarkan, sehingga laris dan mengembangkan suatu karya menghasilkan banyak keuntungan. permainannya. Melalui berbagai Disebarluaskannya penggunaan macam pengorbanan yang dilakukan floppy disk drive pada PC hingga alat oleh sang Pencipta baik secara yang saat ini populer yaitu CD-RW materiil maupun moril, pada dan DVD-RW membuat kasus akhirnya kita dapat menikmati karya pembajakan software khususnya mereka sebagai sarana hiburan. Permainan Video semakin marak di Bagi para pelaku ekonomi kreatif, seluruh dunia. Kemampuan alat ini ide yang dituangkan ke dalam sebuah untuk menciptakan software lebih banyak dimanfaatkan oleh pengguna 3 Sadiman, Media Pendidikan: Pengertian, komputer untuk menggandakan Pengembangan, dan Pemanfaatannya, software dengan mudah tanpa (Jakarta: PT. Raya Grafindo Persada, 1996), mengurangi kualitas produknya. hal. 76. 3 DIPONEGORO LAW JOURNAL Volume 6, Nomor 2, Tahun 2017 Website : http://www.ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/dlr/ Bahkan produk hasil sistematis, dan konsisten. penggandaannya akan berfungsi Metodologi berarti sesuai dengan sama seperti software yang asli. metode atau cara tertentu, sistematis Selain mengakibatkan kerugian pada adalah berdasarkan sistem, pengembang dan penerbit Permainan sedangkan konsisten berarti tidak Video, pembajakan juga adanya hal-hal yang bertentangan mengakibatkan pelanggaran terhadap dalam kerangka tertentu.4 Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) Penelitian hukum merupakan khususnya Hak Cipta. upaya untuk mencari dan Pemerintah mengeluarkan menemukan pengetahuan yang benar aturan hukum berkaitan dengan Hak mengenai hukum, yaitu pengetahuan Cipta yang tertuang
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