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Professor Potholm Government 3600 Spring 2018

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Professor Potholm Government 3600 Spring 2018 Bowdoin College Professor Potholm Government 3600 Spring 2018 CONFLICT SIMULATION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION “When your opponent is drowning, throw the son of a bitch an anvil.” American CEO “Nothing except a battle lost can be half so melancholy as a battle won.” Duke of Wellington 1815, Dispatch From Waterloo “War is a crime. Ask the infantry and ask the dead.” Ernest Hemingway “Everything in war is very simple, but the simplest thing is difficult. The difficulties accumulate and end by producing a kind of friction that is inconceivable unless one has experienced war.” Carl von Clausewitz, On War Follow me if I advance. Kill me if I retreat. Avenge me if I die. Vietnamese Battle Cry “If you strike a king, you must kill him.” Ralph Waldo Emerson Department of Government and Legal Studies 9800 College Station • Brunswick • Maine 04011-8498 • Tel 207.725.3295 • Fax 207.725.3168 2 Table of Contents Housekeeping Details 7 Introduction: Malleability of History 8 World War II 11 Battles and the Hinge of History 23 The Nature of Leadership 26 The Search for Alternative Leadership Modes 29 Storming the Magic Kingdom 42 The American Civil War 44 The Gulf Wars of 1991 and 2003 52 War, Culture and Society 55 Women at War 58 Racial and Ethnic Conflict 64 The Vietnam War 66 Conflict in the Nuclear Age 71 3 Table of Contents (continued) Sexual Orientation and War Fighting Capability 75 Politics as Conflict 78 The Russian Civil War 81 Pornography, Censorship and Community Standards 84 The American Empire and the World Today 110 China’s Role in the World 117 The Long War? Radical Islam and the West 123 Contemporary Issues Through Contemporary Student Eyes 129 War Films 134 Peer Review 145 Class Schedules Debate Templates 145 Footnotes, Citations, and Formatting Styles 146 4 IMPORTANT NOTICE Please do not take this course if any of the possible subjects are offensive or disturbing to you and you do not wish to be disturbed. By their very nature such topics as war, slavery, human trafficking, pornography, racism, exploitation and pejorative speech or speech codes are disturbing. This is an advanced seminar. This is an elective course. It is designed for mature, tolerant and adult students who will behave respectfully to one another, but who are confident they can handle highly charged material without taking them personally. It is based on “uncomfortable discourse.” Uncomfortable discourse is not for everyone although that is too bad. In this regard, please note again the words of President Rose to the Class of 2021 for they are most relevant for this course: “Our education and experience are about questions more than answers. They are about challenging deeply held views and pushing ourselves to comprehend new material—to engage with new ideas and ideas we disagree with and, in doing so, to consider material that shakes us up, that unsettles us, and yes, that may offend us.” President Clayton Rose, Address to Class of 2021 5 Note: Because each year the students in the class choose from among the various topics and these therefore vary from semester to semester, it is impossible to know in advance the exact materials to be covered in the class. Therefore, after the class has decided the topics for the semester please feel free to drop the course immediately if you feel the material would be too upsetting. You may also opt out of any week’s topic if you think you will find a discussion about it too offensive. However, being disturbed about a topic is not the same thing as saying it is offensive. This course has always been about disturbing subjects. Note: Students will be held to high standards of personal deportment and respectful behavior toward one another, but the class itself has always been a free speech island with regard to the ideas and concepts to be examined and expressed. Forewarned is forearmed: for this course free speech is a non-negotiable essential. Note: In addition to the bibliographical works cited with each topic in the syllabus, students should also consult my Understanding War which is in the Bowdoin library and which has many more up to date works on all the subjects covered in this syllabus. 6 Please make sure you consult the latest edition, dated 2016. Note: Over the years Bowdoin students have made many suggestions as to the class readings and they are included in the various topics. In that tradition, please feel free to bring to the professor and the class any suggestions for materials which you deem relevant on these topics. Scholarship is indeed a collective enterprise. Note: Always remember “Rule 34” of the Internet. Anything and everything which is offensive is already located there should the topics of this course be too tame for your adventurous spirit. 7 Housekeeping Details Office Hours: Monday and Wednesday, 12:30 - 1 pm & 4 - 4:30 pm, and by appointment—email: [email protected] Note: On debate days, dress code is, of course, optional, but those who dress as if they are going for a wanted job interview almost always score higher than those who do not. In addition, I believe it is important that Bowdoin students neither look awkward, nor feel awkward, nor speak awkwardly when “dressed up.” You will eventually be up against other applicants from other schools who have not spent the last four years of their life in “Bowdoin Grunge.” Remember, “An opportunity is not a punishment.” P.S. These suggestions do not apply to the CEO who already runs the company. He will dress in “Owner Grunge” at his discretion. Or any other way for that matter. That too is a lesson better learned now than in your probable futures. It has something to do with the adage, “Do as I say, not as I do.” Remember that out of shape coach you had in high school. Note: Each group will put together a Team A or Team B recruiting portrait with individual and group photos. Each poster will measure no more than 10” by 13.” Photos may be digital only if they are large, clear, sharp and bright (7 mp). If your digital effort produces dark, blurry, back-lit or otherwise not up to high quality images, regular 35 mm must be used or posters will have to be redone. Plastic lamination is neither necessary nor desirable. Firm backing and clarity of design are critical, however. Make sure the name tags under photos do not fall off when used. “Red Eye” posters will have to be re-done. Examples of the best and worst from previous classes will be displayed in class. 8 UNIT I: INTRODUCTION: PERSPECTIVES ON THE MALLEABILITY OF HISTORY Required Reading: Recommended Reading: Paul Abramowitz, "Survival Game: Safety First, Fun Second," Maine Sunday Telegram, July 17, 1988. Poul Anderson, Guardians of Time (New York: Ballantine Books, 1959). (F) Robert Artigiani, "Chaos and Constitutionalism," World Futures, June 1992, p. 131 ff. Stephen Bates, "Historical Perspectives", Boston Globe Magazine, Dec. 8, 1985, pp. 12-conclusion. Isaiah Berlin, Sir, Historical Inevitability (NY: Oxford University Press, 1954). Colin Campbell, "Military History Making Comeback", New York Times, May 3, 1986. Orson Scott Card, Ender’s Game (New York: TOR, 1977). (F) Robert Cowley (ed.), What If? (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1998). Trevor Dupuy, Future Wars (New York: Time Warner, 1992). Tim Folger, "Beyond Chaos," Discover, Jan. 1991, p. 68. 9 Alan Green, "War Is Swell", Regardie's, September 1984. Lindsey Gruson, "Most Dangerous Game is Gaining as a Sport," New York Times, August 24, 1987, p. 12. (On reserve) Jesse Hobbs, "Chaos and Indeterminism," Canadian Journal of Philosophy, June 1991, p.141 ff. R.V. Jensen, "Bringing Order Out of Chaos," Nature, Feb. 13, 1992, pp. 591-592. Phillip Knightly, The First Casualty (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1975). Kim Stanley Robinson, The Years of Rice and Salt (New York: Bantam Books, 2002). (F) Thomas Schilling, The Strategy of Conflict (New York: Oxford University Press, 1963). Schelling, Thomas C., Arms and Influence (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966). Deborah Shapely, "The Army's New Fighting Doctrine", in New York Times Magazine, November 28, 1982. Martin Shubik, Games for Society, Business and War: Towards A Theory of Gaming (New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing, 1975). Duncan Snidal, "The Game 'Theory' of International Politics", World Politics (October, 1985) Vol. XXXVIII, No. 1, pp. 25-57. 10 William Stover, International Conflict Simulation (Notre Dame: Foundations Press, 1983). Margaret Ward, "Butterflies and Bifurcations," Journal of Marriage and the Family, August 1995, pp. 629-638. Bruce Weber, “Splat! Splat! It’s Paintball on the Rise,” The New York Times, November 16, 2004, p. A16. (2004) Film “A Day of Thunder” based on Ray Bradbury’s short story by the same name. Thesis: History is malleable. (A) Antithesis: History is not malleable. (B) 11 UNIT II: HISTORICAL MALLEABILITY: WORLD WAR II Required Reading: Please check carefully the books analyzed in my “Triumph of the Offensive,” in Understanding War (Lanham: University Press of America, 2016), pp. 481-429. Recommended Reading: By way of introduction, remember that 82% of ALL German causalities (killed, wounded and captured) occurred on the Eastern Front compared with 18% of German casualties on ALL other fronts. Thus warfare in the Eastern Front is clearly a worthwhile field of study, especially for those with little knowledge about World War II. There are a number of single volume histories of World War II which are a good place to start your study to provide an overview as to where the Eastern Front fits in the broader history. My personal favorites include: Antony Beevor, The Second World War (New York; Little Brown, 2012).
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