DOCSLIB.ORG

Language Use and Attitudes of Kachok Speakers: Towards an Assessment of the Kachok Language Vitality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Language Use and Attitudes of Kachok Speakers: Towards an Assessment of the Kachok Language Vitality DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2012-038 ® Language Use and Attitudes of Kachok Speakers: Towards an Assessment of the Kachok Language Vitality Chitse E. Magaspag LANGUAGE USE AND ATTITUDES OF KACHOK SPEAKERS: TOWARDS AN ASSESSMENT OF THE KACHOK LANGUAGE VITALITY CHITSE E. MAGASPAG Philippine Normal University Manila May 2009 LANGUAGE USE AND ATTITUDES OF KACHOK SPEAKERS: TOWARDS AN ASSESSMENT OF THE KACHOK LANGUAGE VITALITY A Thesis presented to the Faculty of Linguistics, Bilingual Education and Literature Department College of Languages, Linguistics and Literature Philippine Normal University Taft Avenue, Manila in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Linguistics CHITSE E. MAGASPAG May 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study of the Kachok language could not have taken place without the help and enthusiasm of many people including the Kachok themselves; they have been my inspiration. For the writing of this study I acknowledge the following people with deepest gratitude in my heart: My Kachok informants for their kindness and patience in responding to the questionnaires, thus, sharing their language with me. Without them, this study would have never happened. Dr. Cecilia Mendiola and Prof. Alice Karaan, my thesis advisers, for their patient and diligent guidance, gentle encouragement, and significant comments. My thesis committee for their encouragement, pertinent comments, suggestions, and recommendations on the process this study has taken. Dr. Ramzi Nahhas: A wise advisor who provided invaluable direction and encouragement throughout the thesis process, from initial planning to analysis. It is a great honor to have learned from you. Helen Madrid, Sue Hasselbring, Todd Bequettes, and Phil Lambrecht: Friends and colleagues who guided me in the early stages of this study. Julie Barr who helped in developing and translating the Sociolinguistic Questionnaires (SLQs) to the Khmer language and in collecting data all throughout the survey. Cortney Kirkland for her invaluable help to develop and improve the questionnaires from the Research and Instrument Design Tool (RAID). Mess-sun Pawley, Rachel Hurley, and Ly Dane (លី េដន) for their invaluable assistance during the fieldwork in some Kachok villages. iii Sopheaya Sun (ស៊ុន េភ) and Phally Sok, my Cambodian friends who helped in translating the SLQs to the Khmer language. Sophea, my patient language assistant extended valuable help to pilot test and administer the questionnaires all throughout the survey. Romam Teung (រម៉ ម េឡើង), Phang Malak (ផំង ម៉ ក់), and Rochem Hyeung (រេឆម េយើង) : My Kachok interpreters - for patiently translating the Khmer questions into Kachok when the respondents could not speak and understand the Khmer language. Without them, locating some Kachok villages would have been next to impossible. A special thanks to Pheng Khamteung (ផីង ខំេឡើង) - Kachok Deputy District Leader - and his family, for always graciously welcoming us to their house every time we had our survey trip in the Andoung Meas district. Sakoeun Chhouk (ឈូក កីន) and Andrew Carson of International Cooperation Cambodia (ICC- RIDE): The former for his patience and enthusiasm in acquiring survey permission from the Governor in Ratanakiri Province and the latter for providing data for Tampuan and Kreung people groups. Also, I wish to thank other ICC-RIDE staff for their invaluable help during the fieldwork. My Filipino, Cambodian, and expatriate friends in Cambodia: Your friendship, encouragement and support carried me through the tiresome process of this study. I am blessed with Neil, Jean, Cienna, and Jed Mamon for their warm welcome and hospitality during our survey trips in Ratanakiri province, for sharing meals with us and especially for the relaxing and enjoyable treats in Yaklom Lake after fieldworks. Colleagues from the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL), International Cooperation for Cambodia (ICC) and Translators Association of the Philippines iv (TAP): Fellows who liberally shared their skills, expertise, encouragement, prayers, and support in accomplishing this study. Wycliffe USA through SIL: I owe you a great deal for providing the scholarship fund for my thesis writing. Rowena Cruz, Neri Zamora, and Millicent Guarin for editing and checking the text for accuracy and clarity. I am thankful to Cathy Carlos for translating the abstract to Filipino, to Joy Lañojan for helping in the lay outing of maps and conceptual framework, and to Mercy Ramos, Mila Cagape, Jing Castro, Elsie Tumlos, and Ate Dory Quiogue for their valuable contribution to this study. My church mates in the Christian Reformed Church, other friends in the Philippines and abroad, who believed in me, for their invaluable support, encouragement, and prayers. My family from the Philippines and afar for their precious support and for continuing to believe in me. I was refreshed and felt rested during a short vacation at home. Many others whose names have not been mentioned: Thank you very much! Above all, a final recognition is due to my Divine Master who has been my Source of strength, wisdom, and joy, for without Him this thesis would not have been made possible. I give all the glory to Him! v ABSTRACT TITLE: Language Use and Attitudes of Kachok Speakers: Towards an Assessment of the Kachok Language Vitality NAME: CHITSE ESCALAÑA MAGASPAG DEGREE: Master of Arts in Linguistics KEY CONCEPTS: Language Vitality Language Use Language Attitudes Vitality Assessment Kachok Language Language Development Endangered Language Language Use by Domains Intergenerational Language Transmission Minority Language ADVISERS: Cecilia M. Mendiola, Ph.D Alice M. Karaan, M.A vi OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the language use and attitudes of the Kachok speakers in order to assess the vitality of the Kachok language. This was done by using an orally administered sociolinguistic survey instrument. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: 1. What are the languages used by the Kachok speakers in different domains? 2. What are the attitudes of Kachok speakers toward their own language and the other languages they speak? 3. Does it appear likely that Kachok speakers of the next generations will continue to use their language? vii METHODOLOGY: The primary instruments used in this study included the five sociolinguistic questionnaires (SLQs), informal interviews, and observations. The five sociolinguistic questionnaires for Individual, Group, Christian Leaders, Teachers, and Village Leaders were orally administered to interview the respondents in nine Kachok villages. The individual SLQ was administered in four villages in which 12 subjects were investigated in each village. The group interview had four persons in each group and was administered in nine villages. The seven village leaders were interviewed as knowledgeable insiders of the Kachok villages. Three Christian leaders were asked regarding the church domain. A total of 12 teachers were interviewed both in formal schools and community literacy classes. One Khmer language assistant and three Kachok interpreters helped in gathering the data. The respondents for individual SLQ and group interviews were born and grew up in the Kachok area. Kachok is their first language spoken with parents who are both ethnically Kachok. Males and females were also interviewed with ages ranged from 17 to 35 for the young people group and 36 years old and above for the old people group. The results of five sociolinguistic questionnaires were analyzed to assess the vitality of the Kachok language by applying the two models: The UNESCO Nine Factors on Language Vitality and Endangerment (2003) and Fishman’s (1991) Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS). viii FINDINGS: 1. Languages Used by the Kachok Speakers in Different Domains Home • All respondents claimed that Kachok language is spoken in nine Kachok villages, exclusively used by the Kachok people at home when communicating with grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, and siblings. They use their own language purely in their homes except when the spouse is a non-Kachok speaker. • As reported, Kachok is the language that the Kachok children learn to speak first. In all nine villages, all the children speak their language clearly and fluently. Kachok is generally used by the children at home and in the community except when they are in schools where Khmer language is the medium of education. • Most Kachok speakers marry within their language group, although parents have ‘no problem’ if their children marry into another ethnic group as long as they continue to speak Kachok with them and with their children at home. In cases of intermarriages, the language spoken at home is determined by the location where they settle. If a Kachok marries a non-Kachok speaker and lives outside the Kachok area, the language of that village is used. • Based on Fishman’s (1991) GIDS, the Kachok language is at stage 6 in which the language is currently used and maintained at home with children. ix Friendship • Results show that Kachok people use their own language when talking with Kachok friends in their village. However, they use the language of their non-Kachok friends who do not understand the Kachok language. • As reported, some respondents do not visit other non-Kachok villages, do not have non-Kachok friends, and cannot speak any languages except Kachok. Social/Public Domain – weddings, funerals, village meetings, and market • The respondents reported that Kachok is used in the religious
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mon-Khmer Studies Volume 41
    Mon-Khmer Studies VOLUME 42 The journal of Austroasiatic languages and cultures Established 1964 Copyright for these papers vested in the authors Released under Creative Commons Attribution License Volume 42 Editors: Paul Sidwell Brian Migliazza ISSN: 0147-5207 Website: http://mksjournal.org Published in 2013 by: Mahidol University (Thailand) SIL International (USA) Contents Papers (Peer reviewed) K. S. NAGARAJA, Paul SIDWELL, Simon GREENHILL A Lexicostatistical Study of the Khasian Languages: Khasi, Pnar, Lyngngam, and War 1-11 Michelle MILLER A Description of Kmhmu’ Lao Script-Based Orthography 12-25 Elizabeth HALL A phonological description of Muak Sa-aak 26-39 YANIN Sawanakunanon Segment timing in certain Austroasiatic languages: implications for typological classification 40-53 Narinthorn Sombatnan BEHR A comparison between the vowel systems and the acoustic characteristics of vowels in Thai Mon and BurmeseMon: a tendency towards different language types 54-80 P. K. CHOUDHARY Tense, Aspect and Modals in Ho 81-88 NGUYỄN Anh-Thư T. and John C. L. INGRAM Perception of prominence patterns in Vietnamese disyllabic words 89-101 Peter NORQUEST A revised inventory of Proto Austronesian consonants: Kra-Dai and Austroasiatic Evidence 102-126 Charles Thomas TEBOW II and Sigrid LEW A phonological description of Western Bru, Sakon Nakhorn variety, Thailand 127-139 Notes, Reviews, Data-Papers Jonathan SCHMUTZ The Ta’oi Language and People i-xiii Darren C. GORDON A selective Palaungic linguistic bibliography xiv-xxxiii Nathaniel CHEESEMAN, Jennifer
    [Show full text]
  • Language in the USA
    This page intentionally left blank Language in the USA This textbook provides a comprehensive survey of current language issues in the USA. Through a series of specially commissioned chapters by lead- ing scholars, it explores the nature of language variation in the United States and its social, historical, and political significance. Part 1, “American English,” explores the history and distinctiveness of American English, as well as looking at regional and social varieties, African American Vernacular English, and the Dictionary of American Regional English. Part 2, “Other language varieties,” looks at Creole and Native American languages, Spanish, American Sign Language, Asian American varieties, multilingualism, linguistic diversity, and English acquisition. Part 3, “The sociolinguistic situation,” includes chapters on attitudes to language, ideology and prejudice, language and education, adolescent language, slang, Hip Hop Nation Language, the language of cyberspace, doctor–patient communication, language and identity in liter- ature, and how language relates to gender and sexuality. It also explores recent issues such as the Ebonics controversy, the Bilingual Education debate, and the English-Only movement. Clear, accessible, and broad in its coverage, Language in the USA will be welcomed by students across the disciplines of English, Linguistics, Communication Studies, American Studies and Popular Culture, as well as anyone interested more generally in language and related issues. edward finegan is Professor of Linguistics and Law at the Uni- versity of Southern California. He has published articles in a variety of journals, and his previous books include Attitudes toward English Usage (1980), Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register (co-edited with Douglas Biber, 1994), and Language: Its Structure and Use, 4th edn.
    [Show full text]
  • Collective Land Registration of Indigenous Communities in Ratanakiri Province
    Briefing Note Senate Region 8 Collective Land Registration of Indigenous Communities in Ratanakiri province Researcher in charge: Mr. KHAM Vanda Assisted by: Mr. NUN Assachan Ms. CHEA Malika Ms. WIN Moh Moh Htay April, 2016 Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia Notice of Disclaimer The Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia (PIC) is an independent parliamentary support institution for the Cambodian Parliament which, upon request from parliamentarians and parliamentary commissions, offers a wide range of services. These include capacity development in the form of training, workshops, seminars and internships, as well as support for outreach activities. Parliamentary research has been a particular focus and PIC has placed an emphasis on developing the associated skills of parliamentary staff while producing the research reports needed to guide Parliamentarians in pursuing their legislation role. PIC research reports provide information about subjects that are relevant to parliamentary and constituency work including key emerging issues, legislation and major public policy topics. They do not, however, purport to represent or reflect the views of the Parliamentary Institute of Cambodia, the Parliament of Cambodia, or of any of its members. The contents of these reports, current at the date of publication, are for reference purposes only. They are not designed to provide legal or policy advice, and do not necessarily deal with every important topic or aspect of the issues they consider. The contents of this research report are covered by applicable Cambodian laws and international copyright agreements. Permission to reproduce in whole or in part or otherwise use the content of this research may be sought from the appropriate source.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA)
    2014:48 Sida Decentralised Evaluation Mr. Alan Ferguson Dr. Sovith Sin The Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA) Final Report The Cambodia Climate Change Alliance (CCCA) Final Report June 2014 Mr. Alan Ferguson Dr. Sovith Sin Sida Decentralised Evaluation 2014:48 Sida Authors: Mr. Alan Ferguson and Dr. Sovith Sin The views and interpretations expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Sida Decentralised Evaluation 2014:48 Commissioned by the UNDP, which Sweden funded 30%. Copyright: Sida and the authors Date of final report: June 2014 Published by Citat 2014 Art. no. Sida61807en urn:nbn:se:sida-61807en This publication can be downloaded from: http://www.sida.se/publications SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY Address: S-105 25 Stockholm, Sweden. Office: Valhallavägen 199, Stockholm Telephone: +46 (0)8-698 50 00. Telefax: +46 (0)8-20 88 64 E-mail: [email protected]. Homepage: http://www.sida.se TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overall Objectives of CCCA ...................................................................... 1 1.2 Final Review Assignment........................................................................... 2 1.3 Context .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cambodia High Frequency Phone Survey - Idpoor - Round1
    Generated by Vanny_Pong, Nov 21, 2020 03:43 Sections: 9, Sub-sections: 1, Questionnaire created by Vanny_Pong, Nov 21, 2020 03:43 Questions: 205. Last modified by Vanny_Pong, Nov 21, 2020 03:43 Questions with enabling conditions: 126 Questions with validation conditions:35 Not shared with anyone Rosters: 5 Variables: 12 Cambodia High Frequency Phone Survey - IDPoor - Round1 SURVEY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION QUESTIONNAIRE DESCRIPTION [1] INTERVIEW INFORMATION Sub-sections: 1, Rosters: 2, Questions: 38, Static texts: 5, Variables: 7. [2B] BASIC INFORMATION RDD No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 18. [2C] SOCIAL ECONOMIC STATUS No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 3. [3] KNOWLEDGE, [4] BEHAVIOUR, [5] ACCESS, [6] EMPLOYMENT AND [8] FIES No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 91, Static texts: 11, Variables: 3. [7] INCOME LOSS No sub-sections, Rosters: 1, Questions: 8. [10] SHOCKS AND COPING No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 5, Static texts: 1. [11] SAFETY NETS No sub-sections, Rosters: 1, Questions: 11. [12] RESULT OF INTERVIEW No sub-sections, No rosters, Questions: 26, Static texts: 2. [CB] CALL BACK No sub-sections, Rosters: 1, Questions: 5, Static texts: 4, Variables: 2. APPENDIX A — CATEGORIES APPENDIX B — VARIABLES APPENDIX C — CATEGORIES FILTERS LEGEND 1 / 42 SURVEY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION QUESTIONNAIRE DESCRIPTION Basic information Title Cambodia High Frequency Phone Survey - IDPoor - Round1 SURVEY IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION QUESTIONNAIRE DESCRIPTION 2 / 42 [1] INTERVIEW INFORMATION Zone SINGLE-SELECT zone SCOPE: IDENTIFYING
    [Show full text]
  • 00836420 I:J~I!, A
    00836420 DI07/2.1 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Transcription of interview Interviewed by: Interview granted by: Mr OEUN Tan (UUB fOB) i:J~i!, 9 October 2008 TRANSLATIONITRADUCTION iy ill [1 (Date):.~.~:~.~~~?~.~.~:.~~.:.~~. (Partial transcription of the audio file Dl07/2R) CMS/CFO: ......~.~.~.~.~.~~!:I.~~.~.!'! .... Questions (Q) - Answers (A): [00:03:00] Q: [ ... ] made a living, gained wealth and got together with children and grandchildren. Uncle, dare you swear: "I state only the truth" ? A: I state only the truth, meaning what I am sure about, I speak about it. Q: Yes, yes. Thanks a lot. A: As for what I am not sure about, I will not speak about it. Q: So, Uncle, you will swear following this! A: Yes, yes. Q: Thanks. And for another thing, I would also like to tell of your rights. As a witness, Uncle, you have the right not to respond to any questions you think, when you respond to them, will implicate you. But if you want to respond, you can do so. If you do not, it is alright. As for any questions you think, when you respond to them, may implicate you, you may not answer them - that is also possible. This is your right recognized by our law. So, Uncle, thank you. I begin to ask you officially. Uncle, your name is OEUN Tan. You do not have any alias? A: No, I don't have. Q: And how about your wife-what is her name? [00:03:47] A: SOKH Oeun (tll2 Uf)~) Q: SOKH Oeun. And how old are you, Uncle, as of this year? A: Sixty five.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Narrative Report 2012
    GgÁkarGnupléRBeQI Non-Timber Forest Products __________________________________________________ Annual Narrative Report for 2012 to ICCO & Kerk in Actie from NTFP Non-Timber Forest Products Organization Ban Lung, Ratanakiri Province, CAMBODIA Feb 28 2012 1 Contact addresses: Non-Timber Forest Products Organization (NTFP) Mr. Long Serey, Executive Director Email: [email protected] NTFP Main Office (Ratanakiri) NTFP Sub-office (Phnom Penh) Village 4, Sangkat Labanseak #16 Street 496 [Intersects St. 430] Banlung, Ratanakiri Province Sangkat Phsar Deom Skov CAMBODIA Khan Chamkarmorn Tel: (855) 75 974 039 Phnom Penh, CAMBODIA P.O. Box 89009 Tel: (855) 023 309 009 Web: www.ntfp-cambodia.org 2 Table of Contents Acronyms Executive summary 1. Overview of changes and challenges in the project/program context 1.1 Implications for implementation 2. Progress of the project (summary) ʹǤͳ ǯrograms and projects during 2012 2.2 Contextualized indicators and milestones 2.3 Other issues 2.4 Monitoring of progress by outputs and outcomes 3. Reflective analysis of implementation issues 3.1 Successful issue - personal and community perspectives on significant change 3.1.1 Account of Mr Bun Linn, a Kroeung ethnic 3.1.2 Account of Mr Dei Pheul, a Kawet ethnic 3.1.3 Account of Ms Seung Suth, a Tampuan ethnic 3.1.4 Account of Ms Thav Sin, a Tampuan ethnic 3.2 Unsuccessful issue (implementation partially done) 4. Lessons learned to date, challenges and solutions 4.1 Reference to KCB 4.2 Reference to youth (IYDP) 4.3 Reference to IPWP 4.4 Reference to CC 4.5 Reference to CF 4.6 Reference to CMLN 5.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Cambodia's Highlanders
    1 1 CAMBODIA’S HIGHLANDERS Land, Livelihoods, and the Politics of Indigeneity Jonathan Padwe Throughout Southeast Asia, a distinction can be made between the inhabitants of lowland “state” societies and those of remote upland areas. This divide between hill and valley is one of the enduring social arrangements in the region—one that organizes much research on Southeast Asian society (Scott 2009). In Cambodia, highland people number some 200,000 individuals, or about 1.4 percent of the national population of approximately 15 million (IWGIA 2010). Located in the foothills of the Annamite Mountains in Cambodia’s northeast highlands, in the Cardamom Mountains to the southwest and in several other small enclaves throughout the country, Cambodia’s highland groups include, among others, the Tampuan, Brao, Jarai, Bunong, Kuy, and Poar. These groups share in common a distinction from lowland Khmer society based on language, religious practices, livelihood practices, forms of social organization, and shared histories of marginalization. This chapter provides an overview of research and writ- ing about key issues concerning Cambodia’s highlanders. The focus is on research undertaken since the 1992–1993 United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), when an improved security situation allowed for a resumption of research with and about highland people. Important areas of concern for research on the highlands have included questions about highlanders’ experience of war and genocide, environmental knowledge, access to land and natural resources and problems of “indigeneity” within the politics of identity and ethnicity in Cambodia. Early ethnography of the highlands The earliest written records of highland people in the region are ninth- to twelfth-century inscriptions from the Po Nagar temple near present-day Phan Rang, in Vietnam, which describe the conquests of Cham rulers “against the Radé, the Madas [Jarai], and other barbarians” (Schweyer 2004, 124).
    [Show full text]
  • Ratanakiri, Cambodia*
    Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 47, No. 3, December 2009 Understanding Changes in Land and Forest Resource Management Systems: Ratanakiri, Cambodia* Jefferson FOX,** John B. VOGLER*** and Mark POFFENBERGER**** Abstract This paper draws on case studies from three communities in Ratanakiri to illustrate both the forces driving land-use and tenure change as well as how effective community stewardship can guide agricultural transi- tions. The study combines a time series of remotely sensed data from 1989 to 2006 to evaluate changes in land use, and relates this data to in-depth ground truth observations and social research from three villages. The methodology was designed to evaluate how indigenous communities who had historically managed forest lands as communal resources, are responding to market forces and pressures from land speculators. Krala Village received support from local non-government organizations (NGOs) to strengthen community, map its land, demarcate boundaries, strengthen resource use regulations, and develop land-use plans. The two other villages, Leu Khun and Tuy, each received successively less support from outside organizations for purposes of resource mapping and virtually no support for institutional strengthening. The remote sensing data indicates that in Krala, over the 16 year study period, protected forest areas remained virtually intact, while total forest cover declined at an annual rate of only 0.86% whereas in Leu Khun and Tuy the annual rates were 1.63 and 4.88% respectively. Keywords: land use, land cover, forest management, resource management systems, Cambodia I Introduction Over the past decade, Ratanakiri Province has experienced unprecedented changes in land use and tenure. This study analyzes remotely sensed images taken in 1989 and December 2006 to assess changes in vegetative cover in three areas near Banlung the provincial capital, and draws on in-depth case studies from three communities in the research area.
    [Show full text]
  • The Silent Emergency
    Master Thesis The silent emergency: ”You are what you eat!‘ (The perceptions of Tampuan mothers about a healthy well nourished body in relationship to their daily food patterns and food habits) Ratanakiri province Cambodia Margriet G. Muurling-Wilbrink Amsterdam Master‘s in Medical Anthropology Faculty of Social & Behavioural Sciences Universiteit van Amsterdam Supervisor: Pieter Streefland, Ph.D. Barneveld 2005 The silent emergency: ”You are what you eat!‘ 1 Preface ”I am old, my skin is dark because of the sun, my face is wrinkled and I am tired of my life. You are young, beautiful and fat, but I am old, ugly and skinny! What can I do, all the days of my life are the same and I do not have good food to eat like others, like Khmer people or Lao, or ”Barang‘ (literally French man, but used as a word for every foreigner), I am just Tampuan. I am small and our people will get smaller and smaller until we will disappear. Before we were happy to be smaller, because it was easier to climb into the tree to get the fruit from the tree, but nowadays we feel ourselves as very small people. We can not read and write and we do not have the alphabet, because it got eaten by the dog and we lost it. What should we do?‘ ”We do not have the energy and we don‘t have the power to change our lives. Other people are better than us. My husband is still alive, he is working in the field and he is a good husband, because he works hard on the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Economic Land Concessions on Project Target
    Impacts of Economic Land Concessions on Project Target Communities Living Near Concession Areas in Virachey National Park and Lumphat Wildlife Sanctuary, Ratanakiri Province Impacts of Economic Land Concessions on Project Target Communities Living Near Concession Areas in Virachey National Park and Lumphat Wildlife Sanctuary, Ratanakiri Province Submitted by: Ngin Chanrith, Neth Baromey, and Heng Naret To: Save Cambodia’s Wildlife November 2016 Contact: Save Cambodia's Wildlife (SCW), E-Mail: [email protected] , Phone: +855 (0)23 882 035 #6Eo, St. 570, Sangkat Boeung Kak 2, Khan Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia www.facebook.com/SaveCambodiasWildlife, www.cambodiaswildlife.org Impacts of Economic Land Concessions on Project Target Communities Living Near Concession Areas in Virachey National Park and Lumphat Wildlife Sanctuary, Ratanakiri Province CONTENTS ACRONYMS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ii CHAPTER: Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Backgrounds and Rationale …………………………………………………..………...1 1.2. Aim and Objectives …………………………………………………………..………...2 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1. Data Collection Methods…………………………………………………..…………..3 2.2. Sampling Techniques and Sampling Frames……………………………………..…….. 4 2.3. Data Analysis Methods………………………………………………………..………..5 2.4. Limitations of the Study…………………………………………………………..….....5 3. STATUS OF INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY LIVELIHOODS IN RATANAKIRI 3.1. Profile and Characteristics of Ratanakiri Province……………………………..……....6 3.2. Livelihood Vulnerability of Indigenous Communities…………………………..……....8 3.3. Capital Assets of Indigenous Community Livelihoods………………………..………17 4. ELCs AND IMPACTS ON INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY LIVELIHOODS 4.1. Status of Economic Land Concessions in Ratanakiri Province………………..……....27 4.2. Impacts of ELCs on Indigenous Communities and Their Areas…………………..…. 29 4.3. ELC-Community Conflicts and Existing Conflict Resolution Actors …………..…… 36 5. LIVELIHOOD INTERVENTION PROGRAMS OF CONCERNED STAKEHOLDERS 5.1. Community Perceptions of Current Livelihood Interventions Mechanisms….…….
    [Show full text]
  • Engaging-The-Zhuang-2014
    ZhuangENGAGING THE A Strategic Prayer and Information Guide for the Language Groups of the Zhuang Table of Contents Introduction . 3 Zhuang Language Map . 4 Northern Zhuang Language Groups Guibian Zhuang . 6 Guibei Zhuang . 7 Liujiang Zhuang . 8 Central Hongshuihe Zhuang . 9 Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang . .10 Liuqian Zhuang . 11 Yongbei Zhuang . 12 Youjiang Zhuang . 13 Lianshan Zhuang . 14 Qiubei Zhuang . 15 Southern Zhuang Language Groups Yang Zhuang . 17 Minz Zhuang . 18 Zuojiang Zhuang . 19 Yongnan Zhuang . 20 Dai Zhuang . 21 Nong Zhuang . 22 Zhuang Cities and Special Topics Nanning City . 24 Liuzhou City . 25 Baise City . 26 Wenshan City . 27 Zhuang Factory Workers . 28 The Bouyei of Guizhou . 29 Vietnam Groups . 30 Agricultural Outreach . 31 Bible Storying . 32 Introduction Thank you for reading and praying through For more information on the Zhuang and this prayer guide for the Zhuang . Each page how you can be involved, use the following is devoted to a major language group of the email addresses and web sites . Zhuang, written by workers living among or near them . Some language groups have no one Zhuang Strategic Alliance: focused specifically on reaching them, and it zhuang@ywamsf org. is our hope that God would call more workers https://www ywamsf. org/nations/china. to plant churches among these unengaged groups . Joshua Project: The Zhuang as a whole have many cultural http://joshuaproject .net/clusters/322 similarities across their language groups and International Missions Board (IMB): dialects, but are cut off from communicating eastasia@imb org. with each other because the languages can be so dissimilar . Church planters are needed to target specific groups that are isolated by Explanation of Info Boxes language and geography .
    [Show full text]