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Küçükçekmece ( Stanbul) Sarmas Yen (Üst M Yosen) Balik Otol Th'ler N N Ncelenmes

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Küçükçekmece ( Stanbul) Sarmas Yen (Üst M Yosen) Balik Otol Th'ler N N Ncelenmes İstanbulYerbilimleriDergisi,C.22,S.2,SS.141-162,Y.2009 KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE( İSTANBUL)SARMAS İYEN (ÜSTMİYOSEN)BALIKOTOL İTH’LER İNİN İNCELENMES İ INVESTIGATIONOFKÜÇÜKÇEKMECE( İSTANBUL)SARMATIAN (UPPERMIOCENE)FISHOTOLITHS BurcuÇEV İKÜNER,İzverÖZKARÖNGEN İ.Ü.MühendislikFakültesiJeolojiMühendisli ğiBölümü,34320Avcılar/ İstanbul YayınaGeli ş(Received):09.12.09,YayınaKabul(Accepted):21.05.10 ÖZ : Çalı şma alanı Küçükçekmece Gölü batı kıyısı ile Avcılar sahil kesiminde geni ş yüzlekler veren Çekmece Grubu’nun Çukurçe şme veBakırköyFormasyonlarınıiçermekteolup,Geç Miyosen ya şlıbusedimenteristifler acısu fasiyesinde(lagün) geli şmi ştir.Paratetis’ingüneydo ğukolununbiruzantısıolan,GeçMiyosen(Sarmasiyen)ya şlısedimentlerzenginbiyotasıylave lito-biyofasiyesiileayrıbirözelliktedirler.Paratetis’in yaygın oldu ğu orta Avrupa ve batı Asya’nın tüm havzalarına benzer olarak çalı şma bölgesindeki birimlerde Sarmasiyen’i simgeleyen benzer marker fosilleri içermektedir: Pelecypodlardan; Congeria ornitopsis Brusina, 1892, Mactra bulgarica Toula, 1892, Loripes (Lucina ) dentatus (Basterot) (Emd. Papp, 1974) türleri, ostracodlardan; Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850), Cyprideis pannonica (Mehes, 1980), Cyprideis compacta turgida Bassiouni, 1979, Limnocythere sp. ve Candona (Neglocandona ) decimai Freels, 1980 fosilleri ba şlıcalarındandır. Çalı şmada yıkama-elemeveayıklamayöntemiilesaptanan16familyave24balıkcinsineaitotolithbulgularıisebölgeSarmasiyen’iiçin yenilenenkanıtlardandır.İncelemebölgesindeyüzleklervermemesinekar şın,bölgegenelitemelinde İstanbulPaleozoyik’ineait Karbonifer ya şlıkırıntılılaryeralmaktadır(Dumanvedi ğ.,2004).Butemelüzerinekireçta şı-kumta şındanolu şanGeçEosen ya şlı Ceylan Formasyonu uyumsuz olarak gelir. Ceylan Formasyonu’nun üzerini ise; yer yer kumta şı ve çakılta şı arakatkılı kilta şından olu şan, Oligosen ya şlı Gürpınar Formasyon’u uyumsuz olarak üzerler. Çekmece Grubu olarak adlandırılan Geç Miyosen ya şlı sedimentler ise Gürpınar Formasyonu’nu uyumsuz olarak örtmektedir. Çekmece Grubu’nda sırası ile killi seviyeler içeren kumta şı ve çakılta şından olu şan Çukurçe şme Formasyonu, kumta şı arakatmanlı kilta şıyla temsil edilen Güngören Formasyonu ile kireçta şlarından olu şan Bakırköy Formasyonları yer alır. İstifin en üstünde ise; tüm birimleri uyumsuzluklaörtenalüvyonçökelleriyeralmaktadır. AnahtarKelimeler: Otolith,Balık,Sarmasiyen,Küçükçekmece ABSTRACT :RockunitsbelongingÇekmeceGroupÇukurçe şmeandBakırköyFormationscropoutbetweenKüçükçekmece LakewesternshoreandAvcılarshoreofMarmaraSeaconstituteourstudyarea.TheseLateMiocenerockunitsshowbrackish water(lagoon)characteristicsandbelongprobablytothesouthernbranchofParatethysOcean.SedimentaryrocksofSarmatian agehavearichbiotaandadifferentlithobiologicalfacies.LikethetypicalgeographyinMiddleEuropaandWesternAsiabasin areasweencountersimilarmarkerfossils:frompelecypodagroup; Congeriaornitopsis Brusina,1892, Mactrabulgarica Toula, 1892, Loripes (Lucina ) dentatus (Basterot)(Emd.Papp,1974),fromostracodagroup; Cyprideistorosa (Jones,1850), Cyprideis pannonica (Mehes,1980), CyprideiscompactaturgidaBassiouni,1979, Limnocythere sp., Candona (Neglocandona )decimai Freels,1980arethemostcommonguidefossils.Afterwashing/sievingthefieldsamplesweccouldbeabletocollectotoliths belonging16familiesand24fishspeciesthatweconsiderasanewproofforSarmatianinourstudyarea.Carboniferousclastic sediments forms basement of Istanbul region (not outcropping in our study area) and is covered disconfirmly by Ceylan FormationofLateEoceneage(Dumanetal.,2004).AnotherdisconfirmityseparatethisformationfromoverlyingOligocene agedGürpınarFormationwhichconsistsofsandstones,shalesandconglomeratehorizons.LateMioceneagedÇekmeceGroup buildthestratigraphicaltop.ÇekmeceGrouprockunitsaredividedintothreeformations,namely: 142 BURCUÇEV İKÜNER-İZVERÖZKARÖNGEN - Çukurçe şmeFormation:sandstone,conglomerateswithclayeyhorizons, - GüngörenFormation:shaleswithsomesandyintercalations, - BakırköyFormation:mostlylimestones. Alluviumdepositscoverthelowlands. KeyWords: Otolith,Fish,Sarmatian,Küçükçekmece GİRİŞ Formasyonlarındaki paleontolojik bulgular ara ştırıl- mı ştır. Çalı şmanın amacı; önceki incelemelerde Geç İncelemealanı, İstanbulilininAvrupayakasının Miyosen ya şlı olarak tanıtılan bu birimlerde mikro Küçükçekmece Gölü batı kıyısı ile Marmara Denizi fauna ve flora ile desteklenmi ş Sarmasiyen (Geç sahil kesimi ile sınırlıdır (Şekil 1). Bu çalı şmada, Miyosen)ya şınınfosilotolithleri(balıkkulakta şı)ilede incelemelersonucusaptanan balıkfaunasınaaitotolith kanıtlanabilmesidir. fosilleri ile birlikte Çukurçe şme ve Bakırköy Şekil1: İncelemealanınınyerbulduruharitası. Figure1: Locationmapofthestudyarea. KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE(İSTANBUL)SARMAS İYEN(ÜSTM İYOSEN)BALIKOTOLITH’LER İNİN İNCELENMES İ 143 Bu amaç do ğrultusunda Küçükçekmece 2003).BubirimlerinüzerindeGeçEosen ya şlı Ceylan kıyısından alınan iki şer kilogramlık yedi adet örnek Formasyonu uyumsuz olarak gelmektedir. içerisinde 8 familya, Kalinoraburnu’ndan (Avcılar) Kireçta şlarıyla temsil edilen bu birimi, yine uyumsuz alınanüçadetiki şerkilogramlıkörnekleriçerisindede9 olarak, sarımsı kahve renkli kilta şı ve kumta şından familyaya ait balık otolithleri saptanmı ştır. Her iki olu şan Oligosen ya şlı Gürpınar Formasyonu izler. bölgede ortak bulunan Clupeidae familyası dı şında Üzerine ise; Geç Miyosen ya şlı Çekmece Grubu Küçükçekmece Gölü (N 40º 59 ′ 25,4 ″-E 028º 44 ′ uyumsuz olarak gelmektedir. Çekmece Grubu’nun en 09,1 ″)’nde Clupeidarum, Oligopus , Sparidarum otolith alt kesiminde; ilk kez Sayar (1977) tarafından cinslerivebe şadetotolittürüileKalinoraburnu’nda(N adlandırılmı ş ve omurgalı fauna, gastropod, pelecypod 40º 58 ′ 22,1 ″- E 28º 44 ′ 10,1 ″) Sciaenidarum, ilebitkifosilleriiçeren,yarıtutturulmu şkumta şlarından Trachinus ,Gobiidarum, Pomatoschistus otolithcinsleri olu şan Çukurçe şme Formasyonu yer alır. Grubun orta ile oniki adet otolith türü belirlenmi ştir. Saptanan seviyelerinde ise; killi, marnlı ve kumlu katmanlar örnekler SEM ile foto ğraflandırılmı ş, örnekler içinden içeren Güngören Formasyonu bulunmaktadır. En üst Gobiidae ve di ğer familyalara ait fosil otolithlerin seviyelerde de ilk kez Sayar (1977) tarafından biyomineralbile şimleri(aragonit)XRDKırınımDeseni adlandırılan, içerisinde Mactra sp., Melanopsis sp. Deneyiiletestedilerekortayakonmu ştur. (Sayar,1960), Helix sp.(Sayar,1955), Unio sp.fosilleri bulunan ve kireçta şlarıyla temsil edilen Bakırköy STRATİGRAF İ Formasyonu yer almaktadır. Tüm bu formasyonlar İnceleme alanı çevresinin temelini İstanbul Kuvaterner ya şlı alüvyon tarafından uyumsuz olarak Paleozoyik’ine ait birimler olu şturmaktadır (Tüysüz, örtülmü ştür(Şekil2-3). Şekil2: Küçükçekmece-Avcılarcivarınınjeolojiharitası(YurtseverveÇa ğlayan,2002’dende ğiştirilerekalınmı ştır). Figure2: GeologicalmapoftheKüçükçekmece-Avcılararea(ModifiedfromYurtseverandÇa ğlayan,2002). 144 BURCUÇEV İKÜNER-İZVERÖZKARÖNGEN Şekil3: İncelemealanıveçevresininGenelle ştirilmi şStratigrafiKesiti. Figure3: Generalizedstratigraphicalsectionofthestudyareaanditsvicinity. Ara ştırmalardan bilindi ği gibi; Neojen dönemi, okyanusu önemli ölçüde küçülerek Merkez ve Do ğu Do ğu ve Batı Paratetis’te büyük bir transgresyonla Paratetis adlı denizleri olu şturmu ş, ayrıca Pannonik ve ba şlayıp,regresyonlasonaerer(Reichenbacher,2008). Karadeniz havzalarının denizlerle ili şkisi yer yer Karasalla şmanın çok yaygın geli şti ği Miyosen kesilerek, adını güney Rusya’da ya şamı ş eski Sarmat biyotasında; hem memeli hayvanlar geli şerek Kavimi’nden alan ve bir iç deniz olan ‘Sarmasiyen çe şitlenmi ş, hem de çiçekli bitkiler (Angiospermler) Denizi’geli şmeyeba şlamı ştır(Şekil4). oldukça çe şitlenerek evrilmi şlerdir. Bu dönemde Tetis KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE(İSTANBUL)SARMAS İYEN(ÜSTM İYOSEN)BALIKOTOLITH’LER İNİN İNCELENMES İ 145 Şekil4: Sarmasiyen’eaitlitolojikvepaleoco ğrafikharita(Popovvedi ğ.,2004). Figure4: PaleogeographicmapoftheSarmatian(Popovetal.,2004). 146 BURCUÇEV İKÜNER-İZVERÖZKARÖNGEN Türkiye, Bulgaristan, Kuzey Yugoslavya ve otolith ile çe şitli ostracod, gastropod ve balık di şi Avusturya(Viyana)’dakiönemlihavzalarıdaiçinealan destekli fosil bulguları Paratetis’in bu bölgelerdeki Sarmasiyen denizi ve çökelleri benzer transgresif bir etkenli ğine ve sınırlarına somut bir i şarettir (Rückert- istif sunarak Congeria ’lı kireçta şları ile ba şlar. Tüm Ülkümenvedi ğ.,2006). havzaların katmanlarında i şaretçi fosillerden: Congeria ornitopsis Brusina, 1892 , Mactra bulgarica Toula, PALEONTOLOJ İ 1892 ,Loripes (Lucina )dentatus (Basterot)(Emd. Papp, Çalı şma yöreleri olan Küçükçekmece kıyısı ve 1974) pelecypodları en yaygın türlerdendir . Kalinoraburnu (Avcılar)’ndan derlenen yıkama Mikrofosillerden; Quinqueloculina sarmatica Karrer, örneklerinde saptanan 24 balık cinsine ait otolithler 1877 (foraminifer), ostracodlardan; Miocyprideis bölgeSarmasiyen’inidestekleyiciveyenileyicikanıtlar sarmatica Stancheva, 1965 ve Fabaeformiscandona olaraköngörülmü şveçalı şılmı ştır. balatonica (Daday, 1894) ile nannofloraya ait çe şitli cins ve türler öne çıkmaktadır (Rückert-Ülkümen ve OtolithveÖzellikleri di ğ.,2007). Omurgalı hayvanlardan balıklara ait mikrofosil İnceleme bölgesi ile Türkiye’nin büyük bir olarak bilinen ve tanımlanan kulakta şları, dı ş ve orta kısmının sular altında bulundu ğu bu dönemde Sakarya kula ğı olmayan bu canlılarda iç kulakta, ba şın her iki ve Pontid kıtalarında gerçekle şen yakınsama ve daha yanında,gözleringerisindeyeralır(Şekil5).Balıklarda sonraki çarpı şmaya ba ğlı olarak bölge genelindeki bir işitme ile birlikte
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