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UC Santa Barbara Dissertation Template UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Ecosystem productivity and water temperature in coastal California streams Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d38q2nj Author Frazier, Heather Nicole-Berry Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Ecosystem productivity and water temperature in coastal California streams A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Geography by Heather Nicole-Berry Frazier Committee in charge: Professor John Melack, Co-Chair Professor Hugo Loaiciga, Co-Chair Professor Scott Cooper January 2018 The dissertation of Heather Nicole-Berry Frazier is approved. ____________________________________________ Scott Cooper ____________________________________________ Hugo A. Loaiciga, Committee Co-Chair ____________________________________________ John Melack, Committee Co-Chair December 2017 Ecosystem productivity and water temperature in coastal California streams Copyright © 2017 by Heather Nicole-Berry Frazier iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation was made possible due to financial support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE 1144085), a UC Regents Special Fellowship, and a grant from the UCSB Associated Students Coastal Fund (WIN13-17). The research was supported by the Santa Barbara Coastal Long Term Ecological Research program, funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (OCE 9982105, 0620276, and 1232779). Additional support was provided by the UCSB Geography Department and the Marine Science Institute at UCSB. I would also like to thank several others who made this work possible: Matt Meyerhoff for providing laboratory and field support; The Land Trust for Santa Barbara and John Warner for providing access to the Arroyo Hondo Preserve; Professor Ed Keller for providing access to Rattlesnake Creek; Professor Josh Schimel for providing access to Sycamore Creek; Professor Dar Roberts and the VIPER lab for providing the AVIRIS classification maps; and staff from the County of Santa Barbara Public Works and Public Health Departments for providing access to County data. I would also like to thank Professor Sally McIntyre, Steve Sadro, Blair Goodridge, and Mike Alonzo for providing additional ideas and discussion related to this work. I am grateful for the seemingly endless patience and good humor I received from everyone who helped me collect data in the field, including Michael Ackel, Javier Aguilar, Miguel Arteaga, Dylan Berry, Theresa Berry, Taylor Berryman, Matthew Chan, Helen Chen, Julian Consoli, Nathan Dias, Michael Habitz, Sean Harwood, Anna Hou, Fernando Idiarte, Tim Kershaw, Trace Martin, Sarah Shivers, Neha Subramanyam, Cary Snyder, Caitlyn Teague, Patrick Turner, Cody Wilgus, Danielle Yaconelli, and Erik Young. In iv particular, I would like to thank Kaitlyn Smith, Ryan Fallgatter, and Kimberly Yom for being consistent and enthusiastic assistants; I enjoyed working with each of you and learning more about you with each field excursion. The guidance and feedback of my committee was an integral part of this document and my personal academic formation. I would like to thank Professor Scott Cooper for always asking questions and providing extraordinarily detailed feedback; you have a wealth of knowledge and I appreciate that you shared some of it with me. I want to thank Professor Hugo Loaiciga for teaching me hydrology; your classes were some of my favorite as an undergraduate, a graduate, and a teaching assistant and learning from you was the foundation of my decision to pursue a graduate degree. I would especially like to thank Professor John Melack for being a patient and understanding mentor; your scientific guidance was critical to this work, but your willingness to see the big picture in life was invaluable to me. I would like to thank the UCSB Department of Geography for providing direct and indirect support to me throughout my time as a graduate student. I would especially like to thank the Geography staff members, who were always a joy to work with, providing cheerful support to me and my fellow students. In particular, I want to thank Mo Lovegreen, who is an amazing advocate for students and a force for good. Your ability to multi-task and still engage on a personal level astounds me. A special thank you is also reserved for the late Jose Saleta, who was a source of inspiration, always willing to listen, to offer advice, and to provide academic and emotional support. Jose, you were a unique soul and someone I aspire to be like. I also need to thank my fellow Geography students, especially the cohort of 2010. I feel fortunate to have such a wonderful network of smart and social people in my life. I v also want to thank my fellow Outreach Committee members for enriching my time in the Geography Department and for giving me the opportunity to share my passion for water and the environment with a broader community, both on and off campus. There are moments in the pursuit of a graduate degree that are isolating and lonely, but I have been blessed with family and friends to help me through it. I do not wish to fill dozens of pages with names, but I hope all my friends, from home, from UCSB, from soccer, and from all the other realms of life, know that you kept my life interesting and my outlook positive at times when I could not manage those things for myself. Thank you, SBX and CBTL for being my home away from home. I would like to thank, in particular, my long- time friend, Kelsey Tinkham, for always being there; I’m glad to have another “sister” with whom to share life’s joys and challenges. I have also been quite blessed to have a wonderful extended family. Every person in the extended Riebli, Berry, Cowan, and Frazier families has improved my life by offering support, love, and laughter without question and without the need for something in return. To Chuck, Margaret, Maegan, Angie, Danielle, and Momi, thank you for welcoming me into your family. To my sisters, thank you for being my first friends and a constant source of love and entertainment. To my parents, my first teachers, thank you for encouraging me while allowing me space to make my own decisions. Mom, as I am sure you know, I could not have finished writing this dissertation without your help. Thank you for watching Charlie and giving me the opportunity to work at such a critical time. Your generosity is humbling and I hope I can be more like you. To Charlie, thank you for bringing new joy into my life and giving me new challenges. Finally, to my dear husband, Charles, thank you for being by my side through all of this. I am so grateful to have you with me, nudging me forward and reminding me who I am and vi what I truly care about, every single day. You really are my other half, my twin, bringing me balance and peace. Thank you for getting me through this and giving me so much to look forward to in our life together. I love you. vii Heather Nicole-Berry Frazier December 2017 EDUCATION Doctor of Philosophy in Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA December 2017 Bachelor of Science in Hydrologic Sciences, emphasis in Geography, minor in Geologic Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA June 2009 AWARDS Jack and Laura Dangermond Geography Travel Award 2016 Academic Senate Doctoral Student Travel Grant 2015 David S. Simonett Memorial Award 2013 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship 2011 Regents Special Fellowship 2010 Outstanding Academic Achievement, Distinction in the Major 2009 Environmental Studies Outstanding Senior Award 2009 Academic Excellence Award 2009 Regents Scholarship 2005 TEACHING EXPERIENCE Teaching Assistant, Geog 162: Water Quality 2016 Teaching Assistant, Geog 116: Groundwater Hydrology 2016 Teaching Associate, Geog 3B: Physical Geography 2015 Teaching Assistant, Env S 2: Intro to Environmental Science 2013 Teaching Assistant, Geog 8W: Global Warming 2012 Teaching Assistant, Geog 135: Mock Environmental Summit 2011 PUBLICATIONS “To drink or not to drink: Assessing the feasibility of developing direct potable reuse in the south coast region of southern California,” Unpublished thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree in Hydrologic Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2009. viii PRESENTATIONS “Ecosystem metabolism response to urban development in coastal California streams.” Oral Presentation: Society for Freshwater Science Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA, May 25, 2016. “Stream ecosystem metabolism in urban California coastal streams.” Poster Presentation: Society for Freshwater Science Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, May 20, 2015. SERVICE Geography Outreach Committee Member and Volunteer 2010 – 2016 Graduate Students for Diversity in Science Outreach Volunteer 2011 – 2015 ix ABSTRACT Ecosystem productivity and water temperature in coastal California streams by Heather Nicole-Berry Frazier Land use change is a key driver of change in stream ecosystems worldwide and poses a significant risk to streams in areas with high biodiversity and large human populations, such as regions with Mediterranean climates. Two important characteristics of stream ecosystems, whole ecosystem metabolism and water temperature, are sensitive to the changes caused by urban and agricultural development. In the first section of this
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