DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH , DIRECTOR

B U LLE T I N 389

THE MANZAN O GROUP

O F TH E

' RIO GRANDE VALLEY NEW MEXI O , C

ILL LEE W IS T .

AN D

E E G ORG H . GIRTY

WA S H I N G T O N G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E 1 9 0 9

CONTENTS.

G P B ILLIS T STRATIG RAP IIY O F TH E MAN ZAN O RO U , Y W . n n I troductio .

Purpose of report. Preliminary sta tement r Field wo k . Location and charac ter of area Formation names

Explanatory sta te ment .

Magdalena group . n Sandia formatio .

Madera limestone . Manzano group Abo sandstone

San Andreas limestone g Stratigraphic rela tions Underlying rocks Subdivision of the Manzano group Overlying rocks i n Generalized sec t o . Descriptive deta ils of sec tions Galisteo Canyon Sandia Mounta in s

Mesa del Y eso

Alamillo

’ Blackinton s ranch Carthage Fra Cristobal Moun tains

Nogal Creek . Engle

Elephan t Butte . Caballos Moun tains

Extens ion of Manzano group to the northeas t Introductory statements Apache Can yon 4 C ON TEN TS.

PA LEO NTO LO GY or TH E MAN ZA N O GRO B E E H r UP, Y G O RG . G m n I troduc tion . Description of spec i es l n Coe e terata " "

Echinodermata .

Pelec ypoda Scaphopoda Gasteropoda

Cephalopoda . Ostracoda Trilobita Registe r of localities

ILLUSTRATIONS.

r n n M Map of the Rio Grande egio i New exico . °A Caballos Mounta ns B G sum eds in Gal steo Can on , i , yp b i y Columnar sec tions showing relations of the Manzano group to neigh boring formations M B l P F l M ins A esa del Y eso Sad e ea ra Cr stoba Ounta . , ; , d k , i

A W estern ace of Fra. Cristo al Mounta ns B Fault lane at the , f b i , p

western base of Fra. Cristobal Mountains 26 Fossils of the Manzano group 124—1 36 Partial sec tion of sedimentary roc ks exposed in Galisteo Canyon west of Cerrillos ec on o a ar of h a h nort end of the Sand a 2 . S ti f p t t e beds exposed t t e h i Mounta ns near Te on i , j Sec t on near Mesa del Y eso 12 miles northeast of Socorro i , Section 2 miles north of Carthage Sec tion at Sa le Pea near the sout end of Fra Cr stobal Moun dd k , h i

tains . Section in Caballos Mountains west of Upham Sec t on near the nort end of the San An reas Mountains near i h d , ’ Rhodes s ranch

Section of red be s 1 m le eas t of Rowe N. Mex d i ,

Section 5 m les northwest of Las V e as N . Mex . i g , HE MANZAN R P F THE IO GRANDE VALLEY T O G OU O R ,

NEW MEXICO.

' STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MANZANO GROUP .

B ILLIS LEE y W T . .

I N T R O D U C T I O N .

Purpose of report — The purpose of the presen t paper is to describe the red beds o f that part of the Rio Grande valley which lies be tween an a Fe and ncon a s an ce of a ou 200 m es and to es a s S t Ri , di t b t il , t bli h e r os on in the eo o c co umn The roc s cons s n of san th i p iti g l gi l . k , i ti g d s one an d s a e re a in red in co or and con a n in sum an d t h l , p v il gly l , t i g gyp m es one cons u e a ar of the so-c a e Red Be s of the oc li t , tit t p t ll d d R ky n n i n n un o f e r ene sim ri in o or n Mou tai reg o . O acco t th i g ral ila ty c l a d composition to the red beds that are exposed in the eastern foo thills o f the Rocky Mountains and that exten d from the moun tains east war and sou eas war n o ansas O a om a and e as e d th t d i t K , kl h , T x , th y e e n e Pe - in e hav b e regard d as rmo Triassic ag . While my prin cipal O bject is to presen t the eviden ce that ten ds to fix the eo o ic a e of the red e s of the Rio ran e a e the re a g l g g b d G d v ll y , l n f f n i n e How tio o these to o ther beds o similar ature s also co sid red . ever a e no n en on to scuss the ar ous as ec s of the com , I h v i t ti di v i p t “ ” plicated Red Beds problem or even to review the numerous con r u ons to it ur ose ra er to confine a en on to suc t ib ti . I p p , th , tt ti h phenomena as I have person ally O bserved in the field and to such considera tions as m ay have a direct bearing upon the interpretation f e e n o th s observatio s . Prelim r s men o results — The re e s of he o oun ina y tate t f . d b d t R cky M ain re on are un oss i erous in m an aces bu t on accoun of eir t gi f il f y pl , t th “ — stratigraphic relations have frequen tly been called Jura Triassic in n T n e Re B h een o on a term still comm o us e. he am d eds as b s c stan tly applied to these rocks that it has come to have more or less of a. me si nificance and red se imen s of un e ermine a e in the ti g , d t d t d g 5 N 6 M A ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY . “ Rocky Mountain region are sometimes referred to as the Jura ” r assic Re Be n h - n T i d ds . I t e Texas New Mexico region the occurre ce of red sediments that are older than the recognized Triassic beds an d that are referred by many geologis ts to the Permian has given the “ ” n e Fer o- ri i o o e of he e e in ou we am m T ass c t s m t r d b ds the S th st . Investigation has shown that some of the red beds of the Rocky Moun tain region are much older than Triassic and that o thers are “ m uc oun er the eo o ic a e e tend n rom Mississi ian Lower h y g , g l g g x i g f pp ( ” n o e e o l n Carbo iferous ) t late Cr tac ous . I have f rmerly ca led a tte “ on to the ac a the ase of the red e s in err ar Co ora o ti f t th t b b d P y P k , l d ,

‘ i ower C r on erous a e an d the e ence resen e in is a er s of l a b if g , vid p t d th p p shows that a large part of the red beds in cen tral New Mexico is o f

e Ca bon erous or enns an an a e. Fur ermore ere ar e upp r r if P ylv i g th , th e of a e Cre aceous a e ca e a is eo san s one red b ds l t t g , ll d G l t d t by n n a er escr e more u l o nson 0 a are s m Hayde } a d l t d ib d f l y by J h , th t i i lar in general appearance to the older red beds and that have some d en fo e e own a ed se men s o f times been mis tak r th m . I hav sh th t r di t

eou a e occur a so near En le . Mex . a ou 150 mi es late Cretac s g l g , N , b t l

f a s eo Can on the e oca of the a s eo red eds . south o G li t y , typ l lity G li t b ed e s of the Rio ran e va e here ca e the anzano The r b d G d ll y , ll d M rou are s own on auna e ence to cons i u e the u er ar of g p , h f l vid t t t pp p t n e n e us ie i no er the Pennsylvan ia Upp r Carbo if ro ser s . It s t c tainly known that the Manzano group is the exact time equivalen t n o f the red e s o f the ock oun ain or ains re ons of a y part b d R y M t Pl gi , as it has not been traced continuously from the one region to the owe er cer ain ata recen o ained in icate a the o ther . H v , t d tly bt d th t base o f the red beds south an d eas t of the mo un tains are of lower n n a e and is reasona e to assume a som e ar o f Penn sylva ia g , it bl th t p t these apparently conform able beds is to be correlated with the Man nn ni n rou zan o or upper Pe sylva a g p . Although the upper part of the red beds of the plains O f eastern o on a ne oss s to be of r ass c a e 6 New Mexico is known fr m c t i d f il T i i g ,

ose ec ause o f o o ic resem ance to corre a e the I am dis p d , b lith l g bl , l t n e e s o n on lower p art with the red beds of the Rio Gra d vall y . Thi pi i ’ n in er in in es a ons ma e Bee e has recently fou d support c ta v tig ti d by d , who has described a collec tio n of invertebra tes foun d in the Quarter

' m aster formation near the to p of the red beds in western Oklahom a f e as Bee e re ers the orm a on to the and in the Panhan dle o T x . d f f ti in Permian ; but after studying the Manzano fauna described this

G eolo of the astle Rock re ion : Am . Geolo ist vol . 29 1902 . 97 . Lee W . T . The areal g gy C g g , , , p , ,

1869 re ri nt 1873 . 166 . b den F . V . U . S . Geo". Sur e Terr. for 1867 and ; , p Hay , , v y p

w M o School of Mines uart vol. 24 1903 c D W . The eolo of the Cerrlllos Hills N e exic ; Q , , , Johnson, . , g gy , p . 36 . re ion in central New Mexico: Jour. Geolo 6 W . T . N ote on the Red Bed s of the Rio Grand e g , Lee, , g y — 1 . 52 58. vol . 15, 907, pp

6 I em . 55. d , p Perm n red bed s of Oklahoma and the Panhandle f Beede . W In ertebrate aleontolo of the u er ia , J v p gy pp - K as Uni . Sci. vol. 14 1907 . 115 171. of Texas: Bull . ans v , , , pp I N TROD UC TIO N . bulletin Girty finds that the Qu arterm as ter fauna O f Beede is more “ c ose re a e to the an ano an to the Guadalu ian aun l ly l t d M z th p f a, w c he has escr e as erm an and w c in urn is oun er hi h d ib d P i hi h , t , y g n he nz n n tha t Ma a o . He correlates the Ma zano and Quartermaster orma ons w the ueco w c un er es the Guadalu ian of f ti ith H , hi h d li p e as and w the Gschelian w c is sa to un er e he e n T x , ith , hi h id d li t P rmia e of u b ds R ssia . — Fi eld work The investigations forming the basis of this report were c arried on in the Rio Grande valley in central New Mexico during the summers of 1904 and 1905 in connection with economic wor w r r h r e r f For r o k hich equi ed t e g eat r p a t o my time. this eas n and a so ec ause of the n r c a e s ruc ure of the re on on accoun l b i t i t t t gi , t of which muc h detailed work would be required in order to map the orma ons no a em is ere ma e to s ow the area s r u on f ti , tt pt h d h l di t ib ti of the o r f e n were o r cks described . Pa ts o the various s ctio s n t accu rately measured where such measurements would h ave required con siderable me and the c nesses are es m a e as n ca e in ti , thi k ti t d , i di t d the e a e e f e d t il d d scriptions . On account o th ir conspicuous red color and o er s c al ecu ar es the roc s are read s in uis e th phy i p li iti , k ily di t g h d fr om both the underlying and the overlying form ations and little fficu is ex er enc e in i en if in em in the fie e ce w ere di lty p i d d t y g th ld , x pt h the younger or late Cretaceous red beds l ater referred to occur near t em . e er e ess oss c o ec ons were ma e where er oss e h N v th l , f il ll ti d v p ibl , and in every c ase the p aleon tologic evidence coincides with the physi c al ih m aking the red beds of the Rio Grande valley a sharply defined o gr up . Field work was discontinued in 1905 before the relations of the “ ” Manzano g roup to the Red Beds of the Great Plains region to the eas cou be e erm ne and a s or reconna ss ance was ma e two t ld d t i d , h t i d years l ater ( 1907) in the foothills east and south of the Rocky Moun f rr tains in New Mexico for the purpose o m aking co el a tions . All of the wor was ra d reco nna ss ance in c arac er and u ure inves k pi i h t , f t tig ations may require mo dific ation or c hange of opinions herein es expr sed .

LO C A T I O N A N D C H A R A C T E R O F A R E A .

The area ex am ne is in the Rio ran e a e of New ex c o i d G d v ll y M i , m a n eas of the r er and ex en s rom an a Fe sou war to i ly t iv , t d f S t th d

El aso a s ance of a ou 275 m es . The roc s escr e are P , di t b t il k d ib d e ose at numero s aces rom ac e Can on at the nor end xp d u pl f Ap h y , th of the re on sou war e on ncon a s ance of more an gi , th d b y d Ri , di t th 2 o f ncon e d sa ear enea the 00 miles . A few miles s uth O Ri th y i pp b th el r o s sa earance is not due surf ac e of the Jornada d Mue t . Thi di pp to an or na nnin of the e s for the e ence at an n y igi l thi g b d , vid h d i di

a Girt G . H . The Guad alu ian fauna: Proi. Pa er U . S . Geol. Sur e No. 58 1908. y, , p p v y , M AN ZAN O GROUP OF BIO GRAN DE V ALLEY. ca es a e or na c ene ow r t th t th y ig i lly thi k d t a d the south . It is c aused ra her recen eros on w c has remo e the e s ro e t by t i , hi h v d b d f m th i an s and the accumul a on of surfac e debris w c co ers h ghl d , by ti , hi h v any remn ants that may remain within the trough of the Jornada syncline. The red e s are not con inuous e ose ow n to ro o n b d t ly xp d, i g p f u d s acemen s au in some of the u i e ar s av een di pl t by f lt g , pl ft d p t h ing b ero e and the own rown ar s co ere w a r d d d th p t v d ith sub e ial deposits . The e osures are not far enou se ara e owe er to m a e diffi xp gh p t d , h v , k cult the tracing of the form ations or to render doubtful the identity of the e s and in severa aces the e s are racea e con nuo b d , l pl b d t bl ti usly for n an The o a e w ere h lo g dist ces . l c liti s h t e accomp anying sections were measured and where fossils were collec ted are indic ated by num rs on e The se on se f n be Pl at I . c d t o umerals corresponds to the perma r nent lot numbers of fossils colle c ted at the va ious localities and pre er e in he co ec o of h n e e e s v d t ll ti ns t e U it d Stat s G ologic al Sur vey . The opportunities for stratigraphi c study are exceptionally goo d rou hou the Rio ran e re o ow n to the occurrence of ma th g t G d gi n, i g ny sm all groups of mountains cons is ting of upturned bloc ks that expose to ew roc s ra in in e re- a r an t vi k ng g ag from p C mb i o Quaternary . The uplift of these mo untain bloc ks was accomplished app arently in a e eo o c me and the s ra a are e ose in scar like aces l t g l gi ti , t t xp d p f ,

us ra e in a e A . In s esc ar men cknesses of se era ill t t d Pl t II , thi p t thi v l thousand feet are exposed and the formations are traceable withou t break for long distances .

F O R M A T I O N N A M E S .

Expla na tory sta tement — Several of the form ation names used in this p aper are new to science and others are so unfamiliar that defi

i . r of a ers a e een u s e re a nit on is desirable. A numbe p p h v b p bli h d l t in to the eo o Of the re on but a aren e e ai e wor g g l gy gi , pp tly littl d t l d k has beendone in the field and m any of the n am es used have not been efine w suffic en c are to m a e em in e e e en to one d d ith i t , k th t lligibl v In some cases the s me familiar with the geology of the region . a am e has een a e a aren to fferen orma ons as sho n b ppli d pp tly di t f ti , “ or on and in o ers the escr on of e s and the a c a by G d , th d ipti b d ppli tion of names are too ambiguous to be interpret able. The names previously applied to form ations are ret ained where B t f r typ e localities and adequate descriptions have been given . u o the older group of the Pennsylvanian series (Magdalena) and for the subdivisions of the young er group (Manzano) it has been deem ed a n o e n ew n me dvisable to i tr duc a s .

0 Gordon . H . N otes on the Penns l anian ormations in the Rio Grande alle N ew Me ico : Jour. , C , y v f v y, x - lo o . 8 1 Geo gy , v l. 15, 1907, pp 05 8 6 . MAP OF THE RIO GRANDE REG O N IN NEW MEX O SHOW NG LO AT ONS OF SE T ONS I IC , I C I C I AND FOSS L LO A T E I C LI I S.

The nume rals in pare ntheses refe r to the lot numbe rs of fossils in the Ge olog ic al S urvey c o lle c tio n.

IO N AM FORM AT N ES. 9

The question of the nomenclature of the Carboniferous formations of N ew Mexico has been discus sed by Gordon in the article just re erre to and will be rea e more fu in a a e in re ara on f d , t t d lly p p r p p ti escr in the eo o of a ar of cen ra N ew e co to wh c d ib g g l gy p t t l M xi , i h

‘ r ea ers in eres e in s ues on are re erre . s ou be a e d t t d thi q ti f d It h ld dd d , owe er a oc or or on was wr n his escr on at the same h v , th t D t G d iti g d ipti i we om e the tim e that I was prep aring th s p aper . Together c p ar d era ure re a n to the eo o of N ew ex co he ma in the su lit t l ti g g l gy M i , k g g es ons and cr c sms re a in to the a a ena rou w e am g ti iti i l t g M gd l g p , hil I e o e for o e re a n o he an a o r The o ow n r sp nsibl th s l ti g t t M z n g oup . f ll i g c lassific ation is the result of our j oint labor :

m n San Andreas li esto e . z n o u Y s rm on Man a gro p e o fo ati . A s n s on bo a d t e . Pennsyl anian series v ros on l c orm t E i a un onf i y . m Madera li estone . Magdalena group orm Sandia f ation .

Magdalena gr oup — The name Magdalena is derived from the Mag a en a oun a ns in New e co w ere the orma ons are we d l M t i M xi , h f ti ll ex ose and has een a e to the ower rou of the Penns lva p d , b ppli d l g p y n an ser es or on who escr es em as c ons s n of se im en s i i by G d , d ib th i ti g d t to ee c m a e u of mes one w a su or n a e f t thi k , d p li t ith b di t a m ount of shale and s andstone . The Magdalena beds are found throughout the Rio Grande region and ' are readily recogni zed as the evenly bedded lim estone form ation in terveni ng between the massive c herty lim estone of Ordovician and Siluri an age that forms the con s icuous c ffs us ra e in a e A and the o er in red se p li , ill t t d Pl t II , , v ly g di en of he an n m ts t M za o group . The group is subdivided accordi ng to “ G or on n o the an a orma on a nam e en err c to d i t S di f ti , giv by H i k the ower is on and the a era mes one a n am e a e l div i , M d li t , ppli d by b Ke e o h er y s t t e upp division . Sandia f orma ti on — The Sandia form ation derives its name from

the an a oun a ns eas of u uer ue . Mex . is 500 to S di M t i , t Alb q q , N It 7 00 ee c and cons s s of mes one car on aceous s a e and f t thi k i t li t , b h l ,

uar t c s an s one . s c arac er owe er is not cons an . q tzi i d t Thi h t , h v , t t Accor n to or on the e s ecom e m ore ca careous sou ward di g G d , b d b l th , u ntil south of Socorro County the dis tinction between the Sandi a b e s and the o er in a era mes one i a aren d v ly g M d li t s pp tly l acking .

a H erric C . L. Geolo of the white sands of New Mexico: our. Geolo vol . 8 1900 . 115. A lso k , , gy J gy , , , p , re ort of a eolo ic reconnaissance in wes tern Socorro and V alencia count A t p g g ies , N . Mex .: m . Geologis , vol 1 . . 25 , 900 , p 235. b Ke es C . R . Un m t of th confor i e retaceous on older rocks in ntral N M : Am . our . Sci y , , y C ce ew exico J , — - 4th ser . vol. 18 1904 . 360 362 . Also Geolo and under round wat r condi tions of the om ad a del , , , pp , gy g e J - Muerto N ew Mexico: W ater Su l Pa er U . S. Geo". Sur e N 1 3 1 , pp y p v y o. 2 , 905, p . 22 . MANZANO RO F G UP O BIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

=— Mad era limestone. ccor in to the es nf orma on ava a e A d g b t i ti il bl , the e oc a i of the a era imes one is in the an ia oun a ns typ l l ty M d l t S d M t i , at the own of L Th t a Madera . e only reference to the origin of the “ “ name is t a of err c who s a es a the ee h t H i k, t t th t town s ms to be ” u on — — p a plateau of limestone. This limes tone the Madera here cons utes the u ermos mem er of he a aen tit pp t b t M gd l a group . Ac cordi n to or on the ad era is the u ermos m ember of the r u g G d , M pp t g o p a so in the a a ena oun a ns w ere is 300 to 500 ee c l M gd l M t i , h it f t thi k , an d is a ou 0 ee ic in h it b t 70 f t th k t e Socorro Mountains . Farther to the sou as revious s a e it is not rea i is n i e ro th , p ly t t d , d ly d ti gu s habl f m he t Sandi a formation . — Manzano group The name Manzano is derived from the Manzan o oun a ns one of the sem e ac e ran es of the oc oun a n M t i , id t h d g R ky M t i s s em s ou eas of u uer ue . Mex . The name wa fir y t th t Alb q q , N s s t “ applied by Herrick . as follows

At the top of the gray lime [Madera"is a large series of coars e red quartzites an d san stones interbe e w t ar earth lim s on nd s al s T r ar f d dd d i h d k y e t es a h e . he e e ew l ossi s exce t etrifie woo and the few oun still reser e a Carbon erous a tus . f p p d d , f d p v if h bi This Manzano series is everywhere in evidence where a sufficiently high horizon is reache but is o ten remo e from the crests of the ran e wh le it Occurs in the d , f v d g , i eastern aulte extension . Followin t is is the rou of red uartz tes san stones f d g h g p q i , d , “ s ales and marls wh ch we a e rec o nize as the e ui alent of the red ser es h , i h v g d q v i of Texas n Thr is ons c n m ll f a d Kansas . ee div i a be ade out in a parts o the territory examine w ch a e been name rom t e r re ai l n c aracter st c color t ou d , hi h v d f h i p v i g h i i , h gh “ it is no to e su ose t a h color m n i l or t b pp d, h t t e e tioned s constant. The ower red bed is on st ll reta ns some an s of l mestone or l me recc as the latter be n div i i i b d i i b i , i g a r ch ac ris l m n Som 500 ma h a r t ve y ar te tic e e e t . e feet y be estimated as t e ve age hic k ness of th s sion and rior to the wor recentl one in the alle of the wh e i divi , p k y d v y it san s we had no fin t n as to th of h r s n W e on l d de i e evide ce e age t e enti e divi io . y knew that a narrow bed of quartzite near the base at a point east of the Sand ia Mounta ns containe the well-known Perm an orms suc as Bakewellia arva i d i f , h p , H al na a 0 h or o on f h i ttenuata Pleuro homs subcuneatus etc . T e ma rti o t e ser es y , p , j p i ro e o s n l rr n th to of t s si on t ere are foun in the mos p v d b ti ate y ba e . At e p hi divi h d t w l r r n s l In ide y distant pa ts of the Territo y enormous deposits of gypsum a d a t . act the resence of sal nes ma be sa to charac rize the ser es but es ec all at f , p i y id te i , p i y h s r m h r n o h c ol The c ocolat ser s t e pas age f o t e ed i t t e hoc ate beds above it . h e ie has a t c ness of at least 600 eet and asses t rou uartz tes and ra and red hi k f , p h gh q i g y m rls n cl s of h r s So sandstone layers into the loose vermilion a a d ay t e uppe divi ion . far we have no positive evidenc e as to the age of the two upper divisions, but may presume the c hocolate beds to be Triassic and the vermilion division to represent w ate er of Juras s c t me is acc ounte for in the Terr tor or at least in the c entral h v i i d i y , o o d p rti n .

a Herric . L. The eolo of the San Pedro and Alb u uer ue districts: Bull . Uni . N ew Mexico k , C , g gy q q v , l 1 vo . , 1889, p . 104. b Herric . L . Geolo of the white sands of New Mexico: Bull. Uni . New Mexico vol. 2 1900 k , C , gy v , , , — fas . 3 . 4 also our . Geolo vol. 8 1900 . 112 128. , p ; J gy , , , pp c r m h of I is ib le th at Herric ma h e There is oo for d oub t regarding t e identity these fossils . t poss k y av mista en for Permian certain Penns l anian orms which closel resemble th e s ecies named as shown k y v f y p , 44- 45 b y Girty in th e accompanying paper , pp . . ’ d The name Manzano h as been a lied to other ormations as for exam le Ke cs s recent usa e of the pp f , , p , y g

r en u . See J r. G o vol . 14 1906 . Herrick was name for the lowe part of the Magdal a gro p ( ou eol gy , , , p the first h owe er use the name in a definite manner and in accordance with the law of riorit his , v , to , , p y , h n e usag e as bee follow d . u G I A N s . s. EOLOG C L suavev BULLETI a s PLAT E II

A . CABALLO S MO UNTAI NS

Showin the w e ste rn esc ar me nt consistin of re- ambrian ranite the Shandon formatio n amb ri an g p , g p C g , ( C ) ,

the O rdovic ian lim estone and im s n f Ma na ro u . , l e to e o the g dale g p

B . GY PSUM BEDS IN GAL STEO ANY O I C N.

Showin the sum at the base of the Y e so formation unde rlain b h b n g gyp , y t e A o sa dstone at the le ft.

ORMATION N AME F S. 11

It is clear from this and other writings of Herrick that he included in the anzan o rou onl the ree su divis ons men one name M g p y th b i ti d , ly , the ower or red s ands one Abo w w ic be ass oc a e the l t ( ) , ith h h i t d o verlying gypsum ; the middle or chocolate-colored sediments ; and the u er or ermi on e s the as two of w ch are ere combin e pp v li b d , l t hi h d ° he h as t Yeso form ation . Herri ck referred t e lower division to the Permian becaus e of the presence of certain fossils which be supposed to be erm an a ou wi ese oss s he foun we l- n own enn P i , lth gh th th f il d l k P l ani sy v an forms . He explains this occurrence on the groun d that the Pennsylvanian fossils were contained in fragmen ts of limestone derived from the older beds and cemented together by the lime that con a n he rm hi e n r r e “ t i s t fo s w ch h i te p et d as Permian . Some grounds for this suggestion of a mixed fauna are found in the irregular texture of the l m es one near the bas e of the an ano rou and the ar u i t M z g p , g m ent might have force were it not for the fac t that the same species of fossils are found at various hori zons throug hout the Manzano o gr up . The sam e writer in the article j us t quoted and als o in collaboration b w ohns on s a es a the u er be s are unfoss l erous and ith J t t th t pp d i if , on s tratigraphi c grounds these authors assign the chocolate ore h ri n h l n col d beds to t e T assic a d t e vermi io beds to the Jurassic . It should be stated in this conn ection that I found this threefold subdivision bas ed on prevailing color so uncertain that it could not a e e a l n h fi Th r s f ly b pp ied i t e eld . e color varies g eatly from place to ace and in the of a eon o o c ev ence the re erence of pl , light p l t l gi id f the lowest division to the Permian and of the upper divisions to the ri ass c and u ras s c rea s own s nce the w o e rou ro es T i J i b k d , i h l g p p v nn n to be Pe s ylvania . In the quotation previously given from the article describing the w e s an s and in ot er wri n s as we erri c s a es a the hit d , h ti g ll , H k t t th t

Man zano group contains beds of salt . I am not able to confirm s s ta em en a ou oo e for evi ence of sa e s in the thi t t , lth gh I l k d d lt b d va rious sections examined . It is possible that m ore careful exami na on m a es a s e r resence a ou it is not c ear rom the ti y t bli h th i p , lth gh l f literatur e that Herrick actua lly found s alt deposits in the red beds

Of the Rio ran e re on . His s a emen in s connect on t a G d gi t t t thi i , h t enorm ous deposits of sum and s alt are foun d in the m os t wi dely gyp ” is an ar s of the erri tor of New e co nd ca es a he d t t p t T y M xi , i i t th t m ay h ave had in mi nd the thi ck beds of gyp sum of eas tern New Mexico which overlie strata kno wn from paleontologic evidence to be of r ass c a e and the s a an d sum e s in the so-ca e T i i g , lt gyp b d ll d exas- ermian of sou eas ern New ex co as we as the sum T P th t M i , ll gyp

a f S n ro d the Alb u uer ue districts : Bull . Uni . N ew Mexi Herric C . L. Th e Geolo o the a Ped an co k , , gy q q v , vol . 1, 1899, p . 103.

b Herrick . L. and ohnson D . W . Th e eolo of the Albu uer ue N ew Mexico sheet: Bull . Uni . , C , J , , g gy q q , , v - w Mexico vol . 2 1900 . 49. Also Bull . D enison Uni . Sci . Lab . vol . 11 1900 . 175 239. N e , , , p , v , , , pp N 12 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GBA DE VALLEY .

bearing beds whi ch are here referred to the Pennsylvani an series of he Car oni erous but w ic be su ose to be of Permo- r assic t b f , h h pp d T i

age. The massive limes tone which overlies the gypsiferous shale and sands tone and which is here des cribed as the San Andreas limestone is not escr e in an of the i era ure of the Rio ran e re ion d ib d y l t t G d g , “ n a although Herrick includes it in his sections . It co t ins an abun dant fauna which clearly allies it with the red beds in the Pennsyl an an i is on of the Car oni erous and is ere ore nc u e in v i d v i b f , th f i l d d the an ano rou a ou was not or ina o nc u e M z g p , lth gh it ig lly s i l d d by

Herrick . — T e n Abo sand stone. he Abo sands tone deriv s its ame from Abo

Can on at the s ou ern end of the an ano an e. is the as a y , th M z R g It b l member of the Manzano group and rests unconf ormably upon the - a a ena rou . cons is s of coarse ra ne san s one ar red M gd l g p It t g i d d t , d k to ur e in co or and usua l con omera c at the ase w a p pl l l y gl ti b , ith su or n a e am oun of s a e w i c a a ns rominence in som e b di t t h l , h h tt i p

aces . is s an s one o e er wi the o er n sum pl Th d t , t g th th v lyi g gyp , ’ “ ” n fi app arent ly cons titutes Herrick s Permian . I the classi cation here ado pted the upper limit of the Abo formation is drawn below the gypsum for the obvious reason that in many places the overlyh g or Yeso form ation contains beds of gypsum and gypsiferous s hale a se era or ons rou a ic ness in some aces of t v l h iz , th gh th k pl

feet or m ore . — Y eso f orma ti on The Yes o formation deri ves its name from Mesa

- del es o a sma a e an 12 m es nor eas Of ocorro . Mex . Y , ll t bl l d il th t S , N ,

w ere is ca ex ose . See sec on . i es wi a ar h it typi lly p d ( ti , p It l th pp ent conf ormi u on the Abo sands one and cons s s o to ty p t , i t f

ee of s an s one s a e ear mes one and sum . The f t d t , h l , thy li t , gyp s an s one ar es in co or rom ra to m an s a es of n e ow d t v i l f g y y h d pi k , y ll , red and ur e and in e ure from so coar e- ra ne ri a e , p pl , t xt ft , s g i d , f bl

- m as ses to fine ra ne a ers e en e e and flint . The s a es g i d l y , v ly b dd d y h l , re uen s erous are s o n to el ow in co or and eds of f q tly gyp if , ft , pi k y l l , b e in massive white gypsum 100 to 200 fe t thi ck occur m any places . — S an Andreas limestone The third formation of the Manzano group er es its name r om the San An reas oun a ns at the nor en d iv f d M t i , th d of w c is ca e e o e as escri e in the sec on on e hi h it typi lly d v l p d , d b d ti p ag 29 cons s s essen a of m ass e l mes one w c is o en c er . It i t ti lly iv i t , hi h ft h ty and oor oss erous a ou se era oca es were oun w ere p ly f ilif , lth gh v l l liti f d h r un n hi no in fossils a e ab da t . T s lim estone was t cluded in the Man zano rou err c He re ers to it owe er in his escr on of g p by H i k . f , h v , d ipti b the region east of Socorro as an un fossiliferous limestone overlying

the an ano red e s an d nc u es in the i us ra on of his ec on . M z b d , i l d it ll t ti s ti

a - Herrick . L. A oal Measure orest near Socorro N . Mex.: Jour. Geolo vol . 12 1904 . 243 , C , C f , gy, , , p . b - Idem , pp . 237 251 .

N A 14 M AN ZA O GROU P OF RIO GBAN DE V LLEY . sands one and sha e and was ero e awa in the Rio ran e re on t l , d d y G d gi ev o i f pr i us to the depos tion o the Manzano . — Subdivisi on o the Manzano a The Manzano rou as use in f m p g p , d his a er inc u es all enns v nian roc s a ove the un on orm t p p , l d P yl a k b c f ity

us escr e . So far as now nown it consis s of ree orma ons j t d ib d k , t th f ti : the Abo san s one the eso forma ion and the San ndr eas ime d t , Y t , A l s one nn ni n e n h S n e i t . Pe sylva an beds you g r tha t e a An dr as may ex st near Car a e as escr e on a e 15 and the on ime in erva th g , d ib d p g , l g t t l re resen e the uncon orm at the to of the rou escr e p t d by f ity p g p , d ib d e ow ren ers oss e t a ese as we till oun er forma b l , d it p ibl h t th ll as s y g tions may at one tim e have exten ded generally over the region and have been removed by erosion previous to the deposition of the Creta n coons sedime ts . The o es an ano orma on the Abo san s one has a maxim um ld t M z f ti , d t , es m a e ckness of 800 ee and is cons cuous in e er ocali ti t d thi f t , pi v y l ty e in e i n n rou u he Rio n e xam ed . Its charact r s co s ta t th gho t t Gra d re on and its auna is a un an and easi reco n e a ou the gi f b d t ly g iz d , lth gh z n faun a has yet been foun d at only two hori o s . The most cons picu ous forms are the large pelecypo ds Allerisma capaa: an d Aller isma termina le whi c are er numerous in the lim es one near the as e. , h v y t b The eso orm a on cons s n of a erna n s ra a of sum Y f ti , i ti g lt ti g t t gyp , s a e ria e san s one and ear mes one is more ar a e an h l , f bl d t , thy li t , v i bl th

the Abo san s one in co or com os on an d enera a earance . d t l , p iti , g l pp The co or ar es rom the ure w i e of the m ass e sum hrou l v i f p h t iv gyp , t gh a rea varie of s a es in the s a e and san s one to the u ac g t ty h d h l d t , d ll bl k

of some of the ear imes ones . The co ors are usuall su ue thy l t l y bd d , contrasting strongly with the deep red and pur ple tones of the Abo san s one . The e s ar rea o atera and er ca and d t b d v y g tly b th l lly v ti lly , no stratum was found tha t could be traced with confidence for any

rea s ance. In com os on as in co or the eso orma t on con g t di t p iti , l , Y f i

trasts strongly with the Abo . It is very fossiliferous at m any hori

ons . The mes ones in some aces are com ose m a n of s e s z li t pl p d i ly h ll , and furnished most of the material described by Girty in the aecom Panying Paper Until further information is available the San Andreas lim estone can not be efini e se ara e rom the eso orm a on exce in d t ly p t d f Y f ti , pt its e ocal in the San n reas ounta ns w ere is 500 ee typ l ity A d M i , h it f t or m ore in thi ckness and is clearly separable from the un derlying

e s . In the Ca a os an d Fra Cr s o a oun a ns to the wes b d b ll i t b l M t i t, and at Car a e to the nor the u erm os m es one of the sec ons th g th , pp t li t ti is correlated with some confidence on lithologic eviden ce wi th the San An dreas limestone ; but since the San Andreas fauna is apparently ot suffic en c arac eris c for ur oses of corre a on is not n i tly h t ti p p l ti , it kn own whether the capping limestone shown in the sections from other localities is the San Andreas or one of the lim estones wi thin the

STRATIGBAP H IC RELATION S .

eso orma ion . The ar e coi e s e s of the enus Euom halus Y f t l g l d h ll g p , the long pencil-shaped scaphopods Pla giaglypta canna and Ben ta lium mexi canum d the enus Avic'uli inna are cons cuous in , an g p pi the upperm ost limestones provisionally correlated with the San

n reas but are not en ire a sent rom the ower ones . A d , t ly b f l The San An dreas limestone differs from the older formations of the M n ano rou i vin a ore res a z g p n ha g m tric ted geographic range. The beds provisionally correlated with it are well developed in the southern ar but ecome ess romi en nor a e n t r e en p t , b l p n t thward nd ar o epr s ted h in t e northern part of the region described . Overl in rocks — In on two ocal ies— near Car a e inc u n y g ly l it th g , l di g ’ Blackin ton s ranc and at the nor er end of the e o — ere h , th n r gi n w rocks foun d between those of kn own Manzano and those of Upper The r Cretaceous age. ed beds between the San Andreas limes tone a nd the bas e of the Cretaceous near Carthage m ay belong in the Man ano rou or m be oun er as no e ence of a e o er n z g p ay y g , vid g th tha r h s t atigraphic position was found . At t e northern end of the region a cons era e c ess of the U er ar of th n no s id bl thi kn pp p t e Ma za is mis ing . In the Sandia Moun tain sec tion the San An dreas lim estone is want in but the sum- ear n s a e an the r a e san s one of the g , gyp b i g h l d f i bl d t u er ar of the eso orm a on are c arac er s ca e e o e pp p t Y f ti h t i ti lly d v l p d , nd are o er a r e e e s e h a v l in by va i gat d b d that resembl t e Morrison . The Upper part of the Yeso and the San Andreas limestone are want in in the nor ernm os sec on a s eo and the orr son 2 re g th t ti (G li t ) , M i ( ) sts on the n s n s one of the e r f he r pi k a d t middl pa t o t Yeso fo mation . The Manzano group is therefore sep arate d from the overlying orma ons an uncon orm a e ce for the e s of ou fu f ti by f ity th t , x pt b d d bt l a e re resen s er o of me e en n rom near the c ose of the g , p t a p i d ti xt di g f l Pennsylvanian division of the Carboniferous to the beginn ing of the

' U er Cr t e us . e r ns r s pp e ac o Th se elatio a e hown graphically in Plate III . s ou be s a e in s connec on a a ou the Cre aceous It h ld t t d thi ti th t, lth gh t is s own in on hree of the sec ons occurs a o e the an ano h ly t ti , it b v M z

hrou ou the re on escr e . In e er oca exam ne w t gh t gi d ib d v y l lity i d , ith the exce ion of San n reas oun ains oss erous Cre aceous pt A d M t , f ilif t beds were found above the Manzano at no great dist ance from the he ec place where t s tion was measured . In m ost cases an unfossil iferous san s one 10 to 75 ee c occurs at the ase of the Cre d t , f t thi k , b taceous and s is o er a n s a e and mes one w c e e n , thi v l i by h l li t hi h yi ld d a

a bun dant fauna at every locality described . The collections of fossils

a e een examine . . an on of the Un e a es Geo h v b d by T W St t , it d St t - o ca ur e d oun to cons u e a we defin ed Ben on u . l gi l S v y , an f d tit t ll t fa na Generalized section — The position of the Manzano group in the geologic column and its relation to other form ations occurring in the n r Rio Grande regio a e shown in the table. The type localities of the various form ations and the authors of the formation names are als o

given for reference. 16 M AN ZAN O GROU P OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY.

G s e d fi m o U i fi w fi n a i < s s e n d d c o o c m v v v h 6 m a u 9 o a a s o c m 5 m n

S e 5 e 8 a S d “ 8 s m 8 e é “ g 8 S o a + o fi o 2 I a e w 8 n 8 S a e o o 3 o . v £ s m fi 0 “ 6 e O 3 8 8 3 § Z 2 m » 2 m

AN ZAN O or A 18 M GROU P mo GBAN DE V LLEY .

‘ D E S C R I PT I V E D E T A I L S O F S E C T I O N S .

GA LIS T E O C A N Y O N .

fi 1 of the an ano rou w as su nor of A section ( g . ) M z g p mea red th the c so n and an a Fe a wa in Ga s eo Can on At hi , Topeka S t R il y li t y

W es of Cerr l os oc a l of the m a . . The roc s are u urn e t i l (l lity p , Pl I) k pt d an d we ex ose as s own in a e B . The Abo san s one is ll p d , h Pl t II , d t overl ain by the massive W hite gypsum and the red and yellow se m en s o f the eso orm a on w c ere cons s m a n of san di t Y f ti , hi h h i t i ly d s one the s a es so a un an ar er sou ein m er ec t , h l b d t f th th b g i p f tly represented . Lying with app arent unc onf ormity upon the Yeso form ation is a group of sandstones and shales that resembles the Morrison formation

e i i i f Ben n re e Sandstone and shal conta n ng foss ls o to (C taceous) ag .

- 60 San dstone D a ota coarse white riable cross bedd ed . ( k ) , , , f ,

210 Sh ale arie ate d and sandstones in thin alte rnatin la ers . The sand , v g , , g y stones ar rom fine- rained fl int la ers to coarse- rained riable v y f g , y y g , f , - cross bedded m asses.

n n rmi U co fo ty .

- 10 Sandstone and shale in and b uff c olored li h ter to ward the to . 2 , p k , g p T re red min te nd re wel ind ura d r he sand stones g atly p o a a a l te , coarse n te d grained , a d spot .

h e in d hin la er f blue limes ne. 25 S al , p k , an t y s o to

e G s m whit m assive. 140 yp u , ,

5- G m b h a carb n in thin irre ular ates s r n 10 ypsu , lac k , s ly , o aceous, g pl ; t o g petroleum od or.

225 Sandstone red m assi e with a subord inate amoun t o f shale . , , v ,

B n e d ( ase ot xpose .)

— FIGURE l . Partia i n of dim n tar r s ed in G i n on f rri l sec t o se e y oc k expos al steo Ca y west o Ce llos. in c o or co m os on an d enera a earanc e but n o fo ss s w ere l , p iti , g l pp , il

oun to en ese e e m en ts are c orrec f d id tify it . If th variegat d s di tly re erre to the orr son the a aren unc on orm m us re resen f d M i , pp t f ity t p t the time equivalent of the San An dreas lim estone an d all succeeding orm a ons e ween and the orr son and ro a a so an eros on f ti b t it M i , p b bly l i n er a of cons era i t v l id ble importance.

The orr son 2 is o er ain W e coarse- ra ne c ross- e e M i ( ) v l by hit , g i d , b dd d san s one cong om era c near the ase an d s m ar in en era a ear d t , l ti b i il g l pp anc e to the a o a bu t w ou oss s so far as o ser e . s D k t , ith t f il b v d Thi s andston e is succ eeded in tu rn by fossiliferous shale and lim eston e of U er Cre a c eous a e n c u n e u a en s of the Co ora o a nd Mon pp t g , i l di g q iv l t l d

ana rou s . o ec ons of re aceous oss s were o a n e and t g p C ll ti C t f il bt i d ,

20 MA N ZAN O onoup or mo GBAN DE VALLEY .

The Madera limestone is overlain unconf ormably by the Abo san s one the con ac ein we e ose near the s rin nown as d t , t t b g ll xp d p g k f f i i er ear im one Ojo de San Francisco . A band o oss l f ous thy l est 1

‘ to 2 feet thick was found 40 feet above the basal cong lomerate of the Abo . The fossi s are a un an in some aces w e in o ers l b d t pl , hil th o i o e none were foun d for c ns derable dis tances along the outcrop . Ab v this limestone the massive dark-red sandstone (Abo) occurs c harac teristicall e e o e but was not e amine in e a l . y d v l p d , x d d t i The Abo is o er ain 400 ee of er co ore san s one s a e v l by f t light l d d t , h l , ear mes one me in c n n on and fossiliferous thy li t . So di atio of a unc form of eros on ro a of oca im or ance on was no e ity i , p b bly l l p t ly, t d between these lighter colored beds and the underlying dark-red arac er a he -c o or sandstone. In general ch t and appe rance t light l ed sediments resemble the pink and buff sands tone overlying the gypsum fi If e are to b o e a e w s of the Galisteo section ( g . th y e c rr l t d ith thi sandstone a time break should be found here representing the gyp sum of the Galis teo section which occurs between the light-c olored - sands tone of the Yeso and the dark red sandstone of the Abo . On the o er an a ou 2 m les nor eas of e on sum th h d , b t i th t T j gyp similar in every way to the gypsum of the Galis teo sec tion un derlies

- the light colored sediments . ere is a rea c n ess of red and e ow s a e r a e san Th g t thi k y ll h l , f i bl d s one and sum a o e the li -c o ore san s one of the an a t , gyp b v ght l d d t S di on ese o ro i a f n r a e w sec ti . Th utc p n a v lley o erosio that uns par ll l ith the s ri e and are not con inuous e ose . The a e is a ou t k , t ly xp d v ll y b t - half a mile wide and the strata on either side dip steeply to the east . The gyp siferous sediments are overlain by the variegated shales ro is ona re erre to the orr son and the a er in urn are p v i lly f d M i , l tt t overlain by the same succession of Cretaceous beds that occur in

Galisteo Canyon .

A B O C A N Y O N .

The next section in order southward is about 75 miles south of

a is eo Cree in Abo Can on ocal 3 . rom whi c the G l t k, y (l ity , Pl I) , f h i Th lim f na Abo sandstone derives ts n ame. e estone o the Magdale group occurs here in characteristi c development and is overlain by 6 50 ee of the ar -red Abo san s one the u er ar a n een f t d k d t , pp p t h vi g b he n f h o removed by erosion . T basal co glomerate o t e Ab lies uncon n o form ably upon the u evenly eroded surface of this limest ne. There are several thin layers of earthy lim estone 30 to 50 feet above the

ase whi c e e the o ow n oss s . b , h yi ld d f ll i g f il DETAILS OF SECTION S . 2 1

Fossils f rom earthy limestone near the base of the Abo sandstone in Abo Canyon .

L h h l M ali na chesi . o p op y lum? sp . y apa Se o ff robus hiz us l r ptop ra a . ta . Sc od whee e i . Meekella s ri ticosta Delto ten oc ci en lis t a ta . pec d ta . Pr ctus or D lto n nz ni us od u c a e pec te ma a c . Pro us neb nsi Del n cor us d uc t raske s . topec te eyan ? Com os sub tili Allerisma ca ax p ita ta . p Edmon ia ibbosa Ple r ho aff s bc tus? d g . u op rus . u osta Ch nom l ven or ensis Ple ho aff oblon ue m ya ea w th . ump rus . g . L o P los i ff n i os t m eda besa . atel t um a . od c ta u . Avi li inn c u p a? peracuta . Bucanopsis modesta ? Avi c li in neb nsis i o is f rmis u p na raske . Nat c ps de o .

M n . o opteria marian Solenisc us aff . altonensis . Pseudomonotis bawni ? Ort er s s hoc a p .

In 1905 . B . c ar son of the Un e a es eo o ica urve G Ri h d , it d St t G l g l S y , m a e a reconna ssance r rom Be en eas war across the err or d i t ip f l t d T it y , a on the ne of the Be en cut-off of the c son o e a and l g li l At hi , T p k an a Fe a wa and has in urn s e the o ow n n orm a S t R il y , k dly f i h d f ll i g i f tion for this paper : In Abo Canyon he observed the Manzano group in the oca escri e a o e and race eas war for a s ance l lity d b d b v , t d it t d di t

of 40 mi es . the eas end of a m esa 5 mi es sou of i ar a l At t l th W ll d , own on the an a Fe Cen ra a wa he m easure the o owin t S t t l R il y , d f ll g sec tion

S ection 5 miles south o Willard N . Mar f , .

Limestone ra c ert conta nin oss ls of Penns l anian a e as , g y , h y, i g f i y v g , o l M ali B le l ows : Cheetetes mille oraceus f Sdzizodus s . na f s . el f p , p , y p , rapkan sp

San stone ra friable . . d , g y,

B se no a t exposed .

ou the ase was not e ose c ar son n s ro a e Alth gh b xp d , Ri h d thi k it p b bl that the gypsum rests upon the red Sandstone exposed in Abo Canyon n i a d described n this paper under the n am e of Abo sands tone . Thi s accor s wi the re a ons s own in o er sec ons escri e w ere d th l ti h th ti d b d , h m e assive gypsum overlies this sands tone . Th fossils from the lime s one are enns ani an and hi s e ence a en in connec on t P ylv , t vid , t k ti w the c arac er and success on of the e s n ca es a the ith h t i b d , i di t th t sum and san s one ro a e on to the eso orm a on w gyp d t p b bly b l g Y f ti , ith o e r r a p ssibl ep esentative of the San Andreas limestone at the top .

M E A D E L E S Y S O .

The next section to the south is 12 miles northeast of Socorro and

a ou 100 m es sou of a is eo Cree oca 4 PI. . ou b t il th G l t k (l lity , I) Alth gh the rocks in the vicinity of Socorro are profoun dly faulted and 22 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF BIO RAN G DE VALLEY . o erw se s ur e an e ce en e th i di t b d , x ll tly xposed section of the Manza n o rou was oun a ou 2 mil u es s o th of esa del eso . IV A fi g p f d b t M Y (Pl , ; g he oc a io o t l t n f which is shown on the Socorro atlas sheet of th e Un e a es eo o a u ve it d St t G l gic l S r y. The rocks included in the sec tio n are ex ose rom o p d f Cany ncito de la Uva northward across the l o w s at the eas e e of the ocorro ua n hill t dg S q dra gle . It is from thi s

F ed .

75 Limesto ne fossili erous to erod , f ( p ed ) .

200 Sandstone , pink and white.

150 G sum with a subordinate am yp , ount of pink and yello w shale .

300 Sandstone .red and si erous shale with a subord inate amo , gyp f unt of earthy limestone.

50 Limestone fossili ero us . , f

S ndsto e ed d u e i 550 a n , r an p rpl , w th a subord inate amount of shale

and earth y limestone .

5 Limestone ossili ero us. , f f e 10 Shale, blu . ed 30 N ot expos . e d e b rown 20 Sandsto n an shal , to pink. te limestone ebbles in matri of 25 Conglomera p x sand . Erosional unconformity .

imestone massi e Ma dalena rou . L , v ( g g p)

— FIGURE 3. Section near Mesa del Y eso 12 miles north east of Socorro. For ossil contents see secti on , ( f on p .

o r s T Abo n s mes a that the Yeso form ati n de ive its name . he sa d ton e

er on the. r me T e h e rests unconform ably up Made a li stone . h bas a l con om era e is 25 ee ic and am on the e es of ar ou gl t f t th k , g p bbl v i s kinds of rock were found fragm ents of limestone and w aterwor n oss a e rom the u n r e f ils pp ar ntly derived f de lying Madera lim stone . n m es one 85 ee a o e the as e of the Abo e e oss s A thi li t f t b v b yi ld d f il , a s shown in the following S ection : U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURV EY BULLETIN 389 PLAT E iv

A . MESA DEL Y ESO .

Show ing the c haracte r of the Y eso formation.

B . SADDLE PEAK lN FRA R STO BAL MO UNTA NS C I I .

howin he Y eso form ion ov rlain b n r i S g t at . e y the Sa And eas l mestone .

DETAILS OF SEC TION S . 23

S ection near Mesa del Y eso 12 miles northeast o S corro , f o .

Limestone oss li erous to ero e . Contains P roductus ivesi Clino is tha ? , f i f ( p d d) , p

s M alina a achesi S chizodus aff . ma nus D elto ecten core onus P leuro p . , y p , g , p g ,

hori w aff . ta i Pleuro horus aff . subcostatusf Astartella sub n adrata P la i o p fl , p , g fi g

l ta canna Murchisonia ? aff . terebra P atellostium aff . nodicostatum Belle g yp , , ,

ro hon ma usculus Natico sis aff . altonen sis Orthonema s . a Temno p j p , p , a ? cheilus sp . S an stone n and w te d , pi k hi G ypsum with a subordinate amount Of pink and yellow shale S an stone red and s erous shale wit a subor nate amount O f eart d , , gyp if h di hy

limestone . ’ L mestone ossil erous . Contains P roductus ivesi i P roductus meai canus i , f if , ,

'

Productus nebraskensis S uamularia er lexa f Pu nax osa ensis var . usi lla , q p p , g g p , Com osita subtilita ? Nucula levati ormis Manzanella elli tica Leda O besa p , f , p , ,

M lina a a hesi S chizodus aff . ma nus l P teria s . a c D e to ecten core anus p , y p , g , p y ,

'

enamo ca ax Pleuro horus mexicanus Pleuro horus aff . ta i P leu r Ali p , p , p fi , o

hom s aff . meeki Astartella sub uadrata P la io l ta canna Phanerotrema p , q , g g yp ,

m Phanerotrema ? s . a Eu hemus ins eciosus f Patello iu nicu st m aft. manza , p , p p ,

ta um Bellero hon ma us culus Z leura aff . ru osa Ort nema nodicos t , p j , n p g , ho

corroense Orthonema s . a Coloceras mexicanum Temnocheilus aff . wini so , p , ,

wi Temnocheilus s . a Domatoceras s . Aniso e inornata lo , p , p , pyg San stone red and ur le w t a su or nate amount Of s ale and eart d , p p , i h b di h hy limestone

mes ne oss l erous . Conta ns Meekella stri a ticostata Productus n ebras Li to , f i if i , P roductus cora Edmondia ibbosa Chwnom a leavenworthensis Aviculi kensis, , g , y , ’ M alina a achesi D elto ecten o inna ? eracu ta f c r anus Allerisma s . p p , y p , p y , p ,

P leuro horus bi artitus P leuro horus s . Pla io l ta canna f Bellero hon p p , p p , g g yp , p

ma sculus Temnocheilus s . a ju , p S ale h , ( Not eXposed ) San ston e and s ale brown to nk d h , pi s ri x O f s n Conglomerate ; limestone pebble i n mat a d .

( Erosional u nc on formi ty .

L mestone mass e Ma alena rou . i , iv ( g d g p)

1 , 415

The Yeso form ation at this place is very fossiliferous at two ori ons one near the ase the o er at the to Of the ex osu re h z , b , th p p . The limestone near the base yielded one Of the most extensive and - oun in the an ano rou h well p reserved c ollections f d M z g p . T e lime r un a s u er m s tone at the top yielded a sm alle fa . Thi pp li estone app ar the o of the eso m r ently does n ot represent t p Y . Six iles fa ther sou th a limestone similarly situated with reference to the gypsum occurs within the Yeso several hundred feet from the top and is presum ably the same as the one at the to O f the esa del eso sec on a ou p M Y ti , lth gh ’ the fauna as s Of corre a on is oor Plenro hom s afl . subcosta t l b i l ti p , p us he on oss oun s m es one is o er a n s er being t ly f il f d . Thi li t v l i by gyp if ous e and n san s one w c in urn un er e the m ass e San shal pi k d t , hi h t d li iv m e o e Andreas li st n . 24 MANZANO GROUP or RIO GRANDE V ALLEY .

A LA M ILLO .

In a sm all canyon cut into the Yeso form ation 2 miles east of the

RiO ran e oca 5 . o os e the e can vi a e O f Ala G d (l lity , Pl I) , pp it M xi ll g millO the o owi n oss s were co ec te , f ll g f il ll d

r Fossils f om Y eso f orma tion near Alamillo .

Nucula levatiformis . Phanerotrema manzanic um .

n la elli ca Eu emus ins ec iosus . Manza el pti . ph p

P r s Z o leura aff . ru osa te ia p . yg p g . r Or hon soco ns Schizod us wheele i ? t ema rroe e . Ple m s Co oceras mexic m urophorus aff . e ki . l anu .

r r te Aniso nornata . Asta te lla subquad a . pyge i P i l ta cann lag og yp a .

’ B LA C KIN T O N S RA N C H .

ere is an e osure of the eso orm a on cons s n Of sum Th xp Y f ti i ti g gyp , ’ s rous s a e and ear mes one near C ar es F . Blackinton s gyp ife h l , thy li t h l ranc 18 m es eas Of ocorro oca 6 . . From a m es one h , il t S ( l lity , Pl I) li t near the top Of the gypsum the following fossils were obtained

Edmondia i bbosa f Schizodus wheeler it Pleuro hor us afi . su bcosta tus g , , p , and Temno cheilus aff . winslowi .

mes one 50 ee or m ore in c ness n s ra ra c a A li t , f t thi k , lyi g t tig phi lly o e the sum is esum a the S n n re m es on ab v gyp pr bly a A d as li t e. The roc s are not wel e ose at s ace and was n ot e e rm ne k l xp d thi pl , it d t i d whether the sp ace between the gypsum and the lim estone is occu pied by the light-c olored sandstone which underlies the San An dreas lim e s one in we l-e ose sec ons O oss s were oun in the m es one t l xp d ti . N f il f d li t , but stratigraphically above it there are beds Of red s andstone an d shale unlike any observed below the undoubted San An dreas lim e one n un on orm u on ese u er red se m en s i st . Lyi g c f ably p th pp di t s a coarse- ra ne - rown san s one a ou 15 ee c a c on g i d light b d t , b t f t thi k , th t stitu te s the base Of the Cretaceous and grades upw ard into shale and m o O n on e O oss li estone containing f ssils f Be t ag . N f ils were fou nd in ese u er red e s and e r rela on to the underlvin m e th pp b d , th i ti g li ne o ‘ e rm ne rem a ns an o en uestl on w e er sto was n d te i d . It i p q h th e e on to th an no rou or are oun er th y b l g e M za g p y g .

C A R T H A G E .

r fi 4 w as m e ure a fe The next section in Order southwa d ( g . ) as d w m es nor of Car a e a ou 120 m es sou Of a s eo Can on il th th g , b t il th G li t y

oca 7 . . The ower ar of the sec on is not we e ose ( l lity , Pl I) l p t ti ll xp d and the estim ated thickness Of 300 feet for the Abo sandstone and ee for the eso orm a on m a e in the fiel is ro a too sm a f t Y f ti d d p b bly ll , as these beds are known to be thicker both n orth and sou th O f this h u er r of the eso is we e ose in a wes war place . T e pp pa t Y ll xp d t d

N ZAN 26 M A O GROU P OF BIO GBAN DE VALLEY.

The u er fee are we e ose in the c iffs and were eas i pp t ll xp d l , ly m r o g e e eas u ed by barometer . Alth u h moderat ly w ll exposed the ower ar was not meas ure ow n to ac Of me and the c l p t d , i g l k ti , thi k n esses are es im t ated . The Fra Cris tobal Mountains form a part of the western limb of the Jornada synclin e and the strata are cut off abruptly on the west

au s as us ra e in a e . The o o ra s and the accom by f lt , ill t t d Pl t V ph t g ph p anying sec tion Show the struc tural con di ’ 200 Limestone mu si e containin Mar ini erai + . v g g f i ons at the nor en d m m nm u m mgfm m, Comm ,” “0 , t th

S olenom ’a ? m ic Clino tstlia s ' , p P Of the moun tams In i oriii t m m a num Murchiso levat f s, D mtaliu ezic ’ nia i afl . tercbra Bellero hon ma usculus. , p j order southward the ranl te the llmeS ton e g , m bedded . Li estone, pink , thin of the Magdalen a rou and fin al g p , ly the an ano rou M z g p , n llo cal eous . Sandstone. pi k and ye w, car plunge beneath the

“ ' detrl t’ al m aten al fill 75 Limestone containln Nucula levati ormis var . 0 o S chizoduswgt elmen t A starte la d i gn , , s ‘ 111 thD trough Of the and E ii emus sub a i llosus f . g ra n, p p 10 antistone el ow 8 , orna a . 25 Limesto ne contaimng Schizodus wheeler”. J d Shale si erous , gyp f

N O G A L C RE E K.

G sum in to ellow sh ale and riable sand yp , p k y , f Th ickness estimated . a os re stone. ( ) A sm ll exp u Of the Manz ano grou p was visited on Nog a l Creek west Of the Rio ran e o os e G d , pp it the n orth end o f Thic ness estimated . Sandstone, red . ( k ) the Fra Cris to b a l Mountains (loc ality

9 . . c , Pl I) A thi k ‘Ym‘t UPCOH O Y ness Of several hun Li mestone ( Magdalena group) . dred feet Of red an d — e Pea ne r south end of Fra ristobal FIGURE 5 . Section at Saddl k , a C yellow s an dstone an d Mountains. shale w as O bserved one r the m e Of s mes on e overlain by 300 feet of limest . Nea iddl thi li t

o s were O a ne : Schizodus wheeleri ? D elto ecten the following f ssil bt i d , p ' core onus P la i o l ta canna ? Mnrchisonia ? afi . terebm Bellero hon g , g g yp , , p ‘ ma nsculus Orthonema s . a ? Temnocheilus aff . conch em m . j , p , if Fifty feet higher in the sam e lim estone fossils were c ollected as

r uctu ivesi Productus leei Productus mexi ca nus Eu he follows : P od s , , , p ' mu i ns eci osus? Murchisonia ? afi . terebra Euom ha lus s . a ? s p , , p p ,

Orthonema sp . a . RV BU LET IN 389 PLATE V U. 8. GEOLOGICAL S U EY L

W ESTERN FA E O F THE R R T BAL MO UNTA NS. A . C F A C I S O I

how in wo S g t faults, a and b .

B . FAULT PLANE AT THE W ESTERN BASE O F FRA R STO BAL MO UNTA N C I I S.

how in ne ar vi w S g e O f a, above

DETAILS OF SEC TION S . 27

E N G LE .

The nex t loc ality to the sou th at which the relations Of the Manzano to the un derlying and overlying form ations were O bserved is near the nort en d of Ca a os oun a ns at the ea Of a om as an on h b ll M t i , h d P l C y ,

S ou wes Of En e oca 10 . . bed Of red san s one and th t gl (l lity , Pl I) A d t s hale here rests upon the mas sive limestone Of the Magdalena group and s en ow he T dip g tly t ard t east . he red sediments are overlain b y 300 ee O f mes on e rom w c the o owin ossils were f t li t , f hi h f ll g f o btain ed :

F ossils rom lim t ar th o b f es one ne nor end f Ca allos Mountains .

M eekella mex cana Pl o i . europh rus mexicanus .

P ro uc tus leei . Pla io l ta nna d g g yp ca . P seudomonotis hawn i? Euphemus inspeciosus? P seudomonotis oc c dental s? Bell r on m s s i i e oph aju culu . S chizodus w eeler ?? Euom alus eformis h i ph d . D elto ec ten ma nzanic us S h ma ff m l s p . p aarod o a . edia i .

s m es one is over a n a ou 200 ee Of s a e a aren Thi li t l i by b t f t h l , pp tly g y psiferous although not well exposed where the O bservations were i m a e w c in urn un er es ossi f erous mes one of Ben on a e. d , hi h t d l f li li t t g The red beds at this point were O bserved before I bec ame aware o f their real signific anc e and were no t ex amined with the scrutiny o ee m n in th at w uld later have b n given the . Havi g min d previously “ u s e escr ons re ar e the oss i erous m es one as a p bli h d d ipti , I g d d f il f li t ar Of the a a ena rou u to the O serve os on a u p t M gd l , b ght p b d p iti by f lt in a ou was un a e to fin d e enc e O f a u s w c wou g , lth g h I bl vid f lt hi h ld n he o ser e re a ons The oss e ence ro expl ai t b v d l ti . f il vid p ves that the m es one ns ea o f e on n to the a a en a is a m em er O f li t , i t d b l gi g M gd l , b n o ro the Manz a g up .

E LE P H A N T B U T T E .

the nor end of the Ca a os oun a ns oc a 1 1 . 10 At th b ll M t i (l lity , Pl I) , es n or of the En e oc a the anz ano es e ween the s ee m il th gl l lity , M li b t t ply

' u pturned lim estones Oi the Magdalena on the west and the Benton e h F om one Of the m s ones (Cretaceous) sedim nts on t e east . r li e t n ear the top of the Manz ano the following fossils were collec ted : M lla mexi cana Schi du wheeler ”Avicu li inna nebraske is f eeke zo s ns , , p , M a lina a a chesi D elto ecten ma nza ni cus Bellero hon ma uscu lus y p , p , p j ,

Euom ha lus s . a Euom ha lus s . b?. p p , p p

a Herric C . L. The occ urrence of co er and lead in th e San Andreas and aballos mountains : Am . k , , pp C

Geolo ist vol . 22 1898 . 289. Ke es . R . Structures of basin ran es : our. Geolo vol . 13 1905 g , , , p y , C , g J gy , , , p . 64. 28 MAN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE V ALLEY.

C A BA LLO S M O U N T A IN S .

i h o of he The next section meas ured (fig . 6) s on t e eastern sl pe t Ca a os oun ains wes Of U am a d a ou 200 mi es sou of b ll M t , t ph n b t l th

a is eo Cree oca 12 . . As a om Can on is sec G l t k (l lity Pl I) t Pal as y , th e tion was Observed before the true stratigraphic position O f the . r d

' Lim e t a sis ha otr ma afl . estone.blue, containing P roductus l ei .A vicul ptnn nebrasken .P ner e ' ’ braz e o M rch ta il . t a E uom ha us ail . erm oem , Murchis niaf ter ebral . u ison a erebr i , p l p

dom E ma . 5 . uom his sp . a , Orthom sp .

8hale.red , san y .

Z") Limestone bl Echi us aske s Schizodus . ue, containing nacrin erotic, A viculipinna nebr n ts ' wheeleri i m mezica1mm Mo ma . B ma usculus bucono sts " . D ental u , m ? sp , M j . p

modesta S hz rodoma ail . medial is and h rodom Wtesana . , p . S p c a

zoo Sh ale red a um no ntin o sl . , , nd gyps ( t co u u y exposed)

10 Limestone.

e l hund t ell S vera red fee not w exposed .

10 Limestone.

N o e t xposed .

800 dstone red massi e. Thic ness estima d . San , , v ( k te )

Unconformity .

Limestone ( Magdalena group) .

— FI URE 6 . Section in aballos Mountains west oi U G C pham.

e s was nown and the e amina on was cursor no effor ein b d k x ti y , t b g oss s or reco ni e su di vis on h made to find f il g z b i s O f t e beds . But although the thicknesses as given in the accompanying section are only es im es the e s are s own in e r correc se uence . The t at , b d h th i t q lime s one at the ase e on s to the a a ena rou as rove o i t b b l g M gd l g p , p d by f ss l DETAILS OF SECTION S . 29 e ence and the auna Of the u er imes one is vid , f pp l t that Of the upper ar Of the a a o resuma the S n p t M nz n , p bly a An dreas limestone .

S A N A N D R E A S

M O U N T A IN S .

Feet.

500 Limestone m assi e containin P roductus i vestf , v , g , no er s e c o n ’ A th t i . P roductus tectf P roductus mezicamisi Schizodus , , ‘ s wheeleri D eltO ecten ma nzan B elle a , p lcus, rophon fi . 7 was measure e ' ( g ) d r ma usculus M ar ini eraf manzanicai M ar ini j , g / , o f d ' eraf s . S uamularia r m p , q e plezat, Co posita ma i near the nor end n icana Euom ha . th A , p lus sp g Of the San Andreas an e in the c an R g , yon through whi ch the roa asses rom d p f 200 Sh ale and sandstone in and ellow soft iriable. , p k y , , ’ Engle to Rhodes s ranc oc a I3 Pl . h (l lity , G h m h 150 ypsum . I) . At t e ti e t e roc s were O ser e k b v d , 10 Limestone containin A vicutipinna nebraskensis ' nd ch od i was influence a S iz us whee er r. I d by 150 Shale alternatin bed of i . g s p nk to yellow, and fos si if u im A the o n on Of re l ero s l esto nes ( ) . pi i p Lim P fl‘ 50 estone containing arallelodon a . obsoletus, P seudomonotis hawnif P seud omonotis occidentalis vious w r e r s a n d , , i t a na a h wh Pl h My ii esi, S chizodus eeleril , europ o

fi . P s u p p o s e d that the rus a ta leurophorus sp . red beds b e l o n g e d in the PermO -Trias sic s s em . The fos y t G m d h an 700 su , re sandstone, and s ale, d earth y

imestone. Thic ness estimate d not continu s i l s w h i c h p r o v e ( k , ously exposed .) them to be Carbonif er o u s were di scov ered i n th e upper part Of the section as I was leaving the can on an d no o y , p portunity has been f o u n d s i n c e t h a t time for m aking more ex en e c t d d ollections . TO u e rom suc j g 700 Sandstone red massi e Thic ness estimated . d f h , , v ( k ) O b s e r v a t i o n s as I was a e to m a e bl k , it is probable that one Of the most complete sections of the Man

ano rou is o Un n it z g p t be co form y .

Lim ton Ma d n found at thi s place es e ( g ale a group) .

The im es one O f F E — i n near north end of San And reas Mountains ne l t IGUR 7. Sect o , ar ’ Rh odes s ranch . the Magd alena group ’ at Rhodes - s ranch is overlain by the dark red Abo sandstone . These orma ons were O ser e ‘ as as was a so the ower ar Of the f ti b v d h tily , l l p t M AN ZAN O R F A L 30 G OU P O RIO GRAN DE V L EY .

eso orma on but oss s were oun a ou 500 ee rom the o Y f ti , f il f d b t f t f t p of the red eds and the u er ar O f the e osure was e amined b , pp p t xp x c re he m e e as a fully as t li it d tim would permi t . The San n reas mes one w c er es its n me rom is A d li t , hi h d iv a f th oc a is the u erm os s ra um e ose nd has een ee l lity , pp t t t xp d a b d ply ero e . owe er on the wes ern s o e Of the ran e w ere so m e d d H v , t l p g , h w a e its or ina c ness rema ns is a ou 500 ee hi c . h t lik ig l thi k i , it b t f t t k

E X T EN S I O N O F M A N Z A N O G R O U P T O T H E N O R T H E A S T .

N T RO D U C R A I T O Y S T T E M E N T S .

My purpose to confine attention prin cipally to my own O bserva tions precludes any attempt at correlating the Manzano group wi th the red eds of wes ern New MexicO and Co orado s nce m Obser b t l , i y vations have been confined m ainly to the form ations south and eas t O h f t e Rocky Mountains . A h o h s previously stated (p . t e Manzan group as been regarded “ as ar O f the so -c a e Ferm o - r as s c red e s O f the ou wes p t ll d T i i b d S th t , and I found nothing during the course of my field work to indic ate a e are not correc S O re arde but ur er n es a on th t th y tly g d , f th i v tig ti e fi m ust be m ad before nal correlations are possible . There are at least two lines of investigation that promise good results by w ay Of

‘ determining the relations of the Manzan o to other red beds of the

Southwest . (1) Fro m the central and southern p arts O f the Rio Grande region the Manzano might be traced more or less continu ously eastward and its relation to the Ferm o-Triassic rocks O f eastern 2 h New Mexico be determined . ( ) Its relation to t e red beds eas t O f the Rocky -Mountains might be determined by tracing the latter h around t e so uth end O f the m ountains to the Rio Grande valley . i h i 1 . Altho ugh it s probable that t e Manzano group s to be corre a e w some ar of the red e s o f exas and eas ern New e co l t d ith p t b d T t M xi , as s own r in the accom an n a er e has een aecom h by Gi ty p yi g p p , littl b li he w O f l p s d by ay tracing the form ations . As previous y stated

(p . Richardson traced the Man zano beds for a distance of 40 m es eas O f the an ano o un a ns . He ound owe er a il t M z M t i f , h v , th t s l far er ow ard the cast for a s ance of 15 m es the sedim en ti l th t , di t il , ar roc s are n erru e cr s a nes e on whi c red se m en s t y k i t pt d by y t lli , b y d h di t again appear . But no thing was found to indi c ate whether the red eds eas of the cr s a l ne roc s are of enns an an an ano b t y t l i k P ylv i (M z ) ,

erm an or r ass c a e . Fur erm ore is not nown w e er the P i , T i i g th , it k h th crystalline area results from a loc al uplift around which the sedimen ar orm a ons m be race or is a r e orm n a arr er e ween t y f ti ight t d , idg f i g b i b t the Man zano gro up on the west and red beds of perhaps different h age on t e east .

32 M AN Z AN O GROUP or RIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

edges O f the beds north of the railroad . Lying stratigraphi ca lly above the beds described in the section and outcropping at the botto m of the canyon are a few hundred feet of red sedim ents who se o o u m er ded edges are now bsc red by valley accu ulations . One thousand feet or more of still younger red beds are exposed in the ffs ormin h u w f on cli f g t e so th all O the c any .

an ston with rt n s Of ink shale S d e, pa i g p

Con lomerate containin man su an ular e les Of lue limestone . g , g y b g p bb b

San stone re ail n l red in color with arti n s of red shale . d , p v i g y , p g San stone c on lomer t c locall cemented to an iron stone iron oxi d , g a i , y by de and containing small iron concretions and silicified trees San stone con lomeratic and s ale alternat n red ellow to whi te in d , g , h i g ; , y c lor t c n ss o ( hi k e estimated) " 1 s n n l m l ni tl Of lm n San to e co o erat c bes Os esto e d , g i ; peb y i l Sha e, red .

San stone coarse li t colored mas s . d , , gh , iv San stone rown calcareous containi n lant remains ment one below d , b , , g p ( i d ) S ale and sandstone red h , Conglomerate San stone and shale red alternat n d , , i g Con lomerate red consist n of an ular and suban ular ebbles Of arious g , , i g g g p v crystalline rocks and fossili ferous li mestone lithologically similar to the limestone Of the Magdalena group foun d in the Pecos V alley a few miles

to the east .

Gran ite .

The actu al contact Of the red beds and the granite was not seen at the oin w ere the sec on was measure but the a a ns whi p t h ti d , hill g i t ch the sedim entary rocks lie 1s granite and the field relations are su c h as to lead me to believe that the lowest conglomerate lies upon the ran e and its com os on su es s s ron a is a s g it , p iti gg t t gly th t it ba al on om c gl erate. The m es one Of the a a ena rou en fie its oss s is li t M gd l g p , id ti d by f il , res n in n m n h m rep e ted Ap ache Canyon by o ly s all re mants . T e for a tion is feet or m ore in thickness both east and west O f Gloriet a esa an r s m a is n enea h m s n M d p e u bly co tinuous b th t e e a . The u i formity in thickness and charac ter O f the Magdalena group over w e areas the narrowness of the s ac e rom w c is a sen in id , p f hi h it b t the cini Of or e a ass and the resence in the o er n c on vi ty Gl i t P , p v lyi g omera es of e es of mes one a aren er e rom the gl t p bbl li t , pp tly d iv d f Ma a ena are re ar e as suffic en e ence a ese e s on e gd l , g d d i t vid th t th b d c extended c ontinu ously over this region and were removed by erosion re ous to the orm a on O f h p vi f ti t e red beds . The only identifiable fossils O btained from the red sediments in Ap ache Canyon are certain plants that I found 2 10 feet above the asa con omera nd som e co m u b l gl te a llected by T . W . Stanton fro abo t the m d e of the - oo m em r of h e i dl f t be t e section . These hav EXTE N SION OF M AN Z AN O GROU P TO N ORTH EAST . 33

een e amine F . . n ow on and a e who s a e b x d by H K lt D vid Whit , t t a the orm s c an not be sa s ac or en fie but e ress the th t f ti f t ily id ti d , xp o n on a e ro a in ca e erm an or r pi i th t th y p b bly di t P i T iassic age. Since there are differences Of opinion among p aleontologists re ar n the a e O f the so—ca e erm an e s O f the ou wes is g di g g ll d P i b d S th t , it

- possible that .these plant bearing red beds are to be correl ated with the anz ano red e s w c a ou ere escr e on auna M b d , hi h , lth gh h d ib d f l e ence as a rou O f the enns an an ser es con a n a aun a vid g p P ylv i i , t i f s m ar to a Of the uar erm as er orm a on O f O a oma w c i il th t Q t t f ti kl h , hi h a Bee e and o ers re ar as erm an . On the o er an Per d ” th g d P i th h d , if mian in this c ase is to be interpreted as indic ating beds younger an the an ano ecomes fficu in the Of the ac s de th M z , it b di lt , light f t scr e in the o ow n sec ons to e a n the O ser e re a ons ib d f ll i g ti , xpl i b v d l ti , f r Of s o m m m and i the beds a e Trias ic age the pr ble is still ore co plex . In an case is c ear a som e n m ore an reconna ssan e y , it l th t thi g th i c m na on is n essar e or fina on us on n exa i ti ec y b f e l c cl i s ca be reached . The collections Of plant rem ains contain two types of coniferous cones— a cu r ous s em ranc es and ranc e s of a con er an i t , b h , b hl t if d m f rn nn r e o on m frag ents o a fe pi ule. In thei r p rt these for s Knowlton and White state that

The coni erous branc es and branc lets are robabl to b e re erre to Walchia Of f h h p y f d ,

the rou W . inni ormis t ou h somewhat slen erer t an the usual orms Of t is g p p f , h g d h f h W e find ra ments Of c ones w ch it oes not seem ssible i th th r l species . f g hi d po w e mate ia in an certa nl to se arate enericall rom the cones of Walchia and there are h d i y p g y f , h ne scales t at a arentl S w the same affinit Th re are l mi nu detac ed co h pp y ho y . e a so te r n f ern nnul t t e r to b l n t th nus f agme ts o a f pi e ha app a e o g o e ge Laccopteris . The lar er c ones are at least stron l su est e Of t ose Of V oltsia w le the cur ous stem g g y gg iv h , hi i mewhat the a arance Of the th Of one Of t ese ancient t es W th th s has so ppe pi h yp . i e e s l u esti e acts in mi n e re r the a e as robabl P rmia r Tri ss trong y s gg v f d w ga d g p y e n o a ic .

R O W E .

A section Of the rocks exposed between Pecos River and the top of

Glorieta Mesa was measured 1 mile east Of Rowe (fig . a railroad a of a n o a hi c n Of li station 10 miles e st Ap che Ca y n . A gre t t k ess me stone and shale of the Magdalen a group is exposed in the Pecos V al

le but on the u er 6 00 ee are nc u e in the ar meas ure . y, ly pp f t i l d d p t d

The red beds overli e the limestone with apparent conformity . The rans ona bed is a su cr s a ne limes one 50 ee hi c in whi c t iti l b y t lli t , f t t k , h are ang ular pieces of grani te and yellowish pink feldspar like that in f o n a n o he nor In some aces th oc the grani te O the m u t i s t t th . pl e r k O a on consists Of nearly equal parts f feldsp r and limest e . o e hi s m e recc a occur the red e s w c rou a ic Ab v t li b i b d , hi h th gh th k ness of 100 feet or m ore contain beds Of fossiliferous lim estone of

a Beede J . W . In erteb rate aleontolo th e u er Permi an red bed s Oklahoma and the Pan , , v p gy Of pp Of — h andle of Te as : Bu ll . Kansas Un i . Sci . vol . 4 1907 . 115 171, x v , , , pp — — — 84259 Bull . 389 09 3 M AN ZAN O 34 GROU P O F RIO GRAN DE VALLEY.

ar n c arac er . In som e aces the mes one is ra and mass e v yi g h t pl li t g y iv , in o ers oc th it curs in subcrystalline layers separated by red shale. I Obtained from the limestone fossils that Girty regards as more nearly a e to the a a en a an o h lli d M gd l th t t e Man zano faun a .

F eet .

175 S and stone ellow weather n b n r e- aine , y , i g to pink and row , coa s gr d , a e m ssiv .

2 Lime tone - s , impure, cement like.

350 Sands ne ar to , d k red.

300 S andstone red and white bed s a terna in - , l t g , coarse grained , locally conglomeratic .

on lomerate ebbles cr stalline and metamor hic roc . C g , y , Of y p k Possible unco ormipy .

Shale and sand stone, rod .

100 S andstone and shale red containin bed s subcr stalline red to , , g Of y , - gray limestone with irregular cemen t like surface. 50 Limestone f ent e bb , ragm al and subcrystallin , containing pe les and an ar e ts gul fragm n Of quartz an d feld spar.

400 Limestone blue massi e , , v .

200+ Shale with thin bed s Of coal; limestone and sandstone.

— FIGURE 8. Sec tion of red bed s 1 m ile east Rowe N . Mex . For ossil contents see f ollowin ection Of , ( f g s . )

T o un re ee a o e the ase of the red e s as s o n in w h d d f t b v b b d , h w the o lo w n sec on is a rom nen con om era e w c on fur er s u f l i g ti , p i t gl t , hi h th t dy m a e o n to m ar a m e rea but no oss s were oun a o y b f u d k ti b k , f il f d b ve

and the a e of the u er e s is not n own . it , g pp b d k

ctio o red beds 1 mile east o Rowe N . Mex S e n f f , .

San stone coarse ra n e mass e ellow weat er n to n and b rown . d , g i d , iv . y , h i g pi k L mestone m ure c ement-l e i , i p , ik San ston e ar red d , d k San stone c oarse ra ne loc all con lomerat c red and w te b ed s alter d , g i d , y g i , hi nating EXTEN SION OF M AN ZAN O GROU P TO N ORTH EAST . 35

Con lomerate ra e les of cr stalline and metamor c roc . g , g y , p bb y phi k Shale and san stone red d , San s ne and shale red containin be s Of subcr stall ne red to r lime d to , , g d y i g ay i rr l n -li e s T is l mestone iel the fol stone w th i egu ar ceme t k urface . h i y ded ’ lowi n oss ls : Lo ho h llumi s . Pol ora s . Fenestella 3 s . C clo ora g f i p p y p , yp p , p , y p

s Fistuli ora s . D erb a s . Chonetes s P roduc tus cora Productus p ., p p y p p , nebras e S ir er cameratus S im eii na s om osita subtilita Pu : k nsis, p if , p f p . C p , gnaa b M la osa ens is Dielasma ovidens H alina su b uadrata H alina s . odio g , , y q , y p , ’ su belli tiea D elto ecten occiklentalisi Acantho ecten carbon em s Ambuli p , p , p if ,

ecten s . Parallelodon carbonari us Pleuro horu s? s . Edmondia nebrasken p p , , p p , ' sis i S chizodus s . P leuro horella costata Euconos ira s . Bellero hon s . , p , p , p p , p p ,

S oleniscus altonensis f Orthonema ? s Natico sis s Plat ceras n . s , p ., p p . , y p ., M a i r etacoceras ? afi . walcotti N ut lus s . Tainooeras afi . occidentale O thoceras , p , ,

Lim estone su cr stall ne containin ebbles and an ular ra ments Of uartz , b y i , g p g f g q d f l s r Con ains Com ta su btilita an e d pa . t posi 50

Lim estone blue massi e . Contains Productus nebraskensis S in erina hen , , v , p f ' tuclc ensis S uamularia er lexa Com osita subtilita Cleioth ridina miss ri y , q p p , p , y ou

'

ensis Hustedia mormoni Cardiomor ha ? s . Astartella s . Aviculi inna , , p p , p , p 400

Shal e wit t in ed s of oal limes ne and s ne ontains Fistu li ora h h b c ; to sand to . C p s D erb a s P roduc tus semireticulatus Produc tus cora S im er cameratus p y p . , , p f Com osita subtilita H alina w min ensis f Metacoceras afi walcotti p , y yo g , .

B E R N A L .

About 5 miles southeas t of Rowe conglom eratic red s andstone li es un conf orm a u on m es one of the a a en a rou and a a n bly p li t M gd l g p , g i a ou 20 mi es sou eas Of owe at a o n on the ra roa 6 mi es b t l th t R , p i t il d l eas t of Pecos River and 1 mile wes t of the Mexican village of Old Berna the sam e red con om era c s ands one li es un conf orma l , gl ti t bly u on the a a ena whi c was ere arc e and ero e revi ous to p M gd l , h h h d d d p n of he r e e h n the dep ositio t ed s dim nts . At t e p oi t where the con ° tac t is bes t exposed the lim es tone dips 30 and the overlying red beds are horizontal . Their lowest m ember is a coars e conglomerate rec c a con ainin an u ar and su an u ar ra m en s some Of w c b i t g g l b g l f g t , hi h are s evera nc es in am e er com ose of neous and m e am or c l i h di t , p d ig t phi roc s red san s one and ue l mes one a aren er e rom k , d t , bl i t pp tly d iv d f l li n of h he the m der mg mesto e t e Magdalena . T limes tone pebbles c ontain crinoid stems and fragments Of spirifers and other brachio n f c n er p ods . The comp ositio O this o glom ate and its unconf orm able relation to the underlying beds are regarded as sufficien t evi dence th at the red beds at this p oint are younger than the lowest red beds at owe and at Las e as whi c are conf orm a e wi the un er R V g , h bl th d n im es one Oi the a a ena and a ou con omera c do not lyi g l t M gd l , lth gh gl ti , e e far n i c ontain lim es ton pebbl s so as ow kn own . It s p ossible that this conglomerate m ay be the sam e as the one 200 feet above the ase -of the red e s at owe a su es on a fin s su or b b d R , gg ti th t d pp t ZA 36 M AN N O GROU P OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY . in the lithologic resemblance Of the beds above the conglomerate at both localities and in their continuity in the cliffs between the two

oints . Fur erm ore ese u er e s are con nuous e ose in p th , th pp b d ti ly xp d the c ffs of or e a es a and is oss e a the con lomera e in li Gl i t M , it p ibl th t g t the sections at Bern al and at Rowe m ay be the s ame as the basal con om era e in ac e Can on owe er is m a be the n own gl t Ap h y . H v th y , k facts app arently warrant the conclusion t hat after the Oldes t red beds were dep osited an uplift Of the m ountains occurred and exten sive erosion took place. It is probable that this period Of erosion is the s ame as that during whi ch the Magdalen a beds were removed rom the ac e Can on re on and m a ro e o be the s ame as f Ap h y gi , y p v t that rep resented by the un conformi ty between the Magdalena and h n r t e Ma zano groups of the Rio Grande egion . The following fossils were collected from the lim es tone of the Magdalena group at Bern al :

Fossils f rom limestone of the Magdalena group at Bernal.

h llum r un lari r l Lop ophy p of dum . Squamu a pe p exa . irif rin kentuck nsis Eupachycrinus sp . Sp e a ye . r it su tili Septopo a sp . Compos a b ta . D r li ten s e bya sp . Avicu pec p . i Meekella striat costata . Myali na sp . Pro uctus u ctatus Bellero on c rassus ? d p n . ph

r Plat c r nebras kense . P oductus nebraskensis . y e as D n li m ? s Prod uctus nebras kensis? e ta u p .

Pr ir i ul tu Metac eras ? aff . walc tti . oductus sem et c a s . oc o

Ort ceras s . Dielasma b ovid ens . ho p r t Philli i aff m r Spirifer came a us . ps a . ajo . iri r roc k montan Sp fe y us .

LA S V E G A S

Be ween Berna and Las e as a s ance Of 20 mi es red s e i t l V g , di t l , d e mentary rocks are exposed continu ous ly . A section was m asu red a ou 5 m es nor wes Of Las e as in the oo hi s sou Of Ho t b t il th t V g , f t ll th ec n f e r n Springs . This s tio di fers from oth rs desc ibed i having rocks of nown a e o e ow and a o e the red e s whi c are ere k g b th b l b v b d , h h apparently conf orm able with the underlying limes tone ‘ of the Mag dalen a group and are overlain by the Morris on shale and the Dako ta F con a ne in he er 2 ee of the red e s an dstone . ossils t i d t low 00 f t b ds p rove that the lowest beds are Of Magdalena (lower Pennsylvani an ) a e but n o e dence o er an s ra ra c os on was oun g , vi th th t tig phi p iti f d ere are e era that tends to reveal the age of the higher beds . Th s v l con omera es s ome one Of w c m a be con nu ous w the as a gl t , hi h y ti ith b l con omera e at Bern a and ac e Can on a hou was m gl t l Ap h y , lt gh it y imp ression when I w as in the field that the erosion interval so con spicuous at these places is n ot represented by a hi atus in the EXTEN SION OF M AN ZAN O GROU P TO N ORTH EAST . 37

h e m en s Las Vegas section . T e s di t a re like those Of Gloriet a Mes a in that they are red and cons ist o f shale and conglomeratic s an d 250 ( 4) s one but oun no e s in the t , I f d b d Las Vegas section that resemble th ose Of Glorieta Mesa closely en ough to warrant even a provi 150 ( 5) i n l r e s o a co r lation . The red beds at Las Vegas are “ — - p arts of the s o called Jura Trias o f the eastern Rocky Mountains a n d were des cribed as such by Ha H ayden as early as 1873. y ’ d en s section was meas ured at Hot S r n s a m e or m ore nor Of the p i g , il th p oint where I m easured the follow in g s ection and where the strata a re mu ch less dis turbed than they e f he a r e near Hot Springs . Som o t u pper members of the Las Vegas s ection are presum ably equivalent to the red beds Of the plains to the eas t in which Tri as sic fossils a e een oun and the u er h v b f d , pp m os t m assive member is similar in a earance com os on and pp , p iti , s tratigraphi c relations to the Exter s a nds tone} whi ch I have p revi ous ly des cribed as resting with angular unconformity upon the uh d erlying red beds . 150 ( 12) It is p ossible that between the low er Penns ylvani an red beds Of the Las Vegas section and those of Tri 200 ( 13) as sic age m ay be found beds to be c orr elated with the upp er Penns yl v anian or Manzano group Of the Rio ran e a e and w the erm G d V ll y , ith P i n of the e as re on but no suc a T x gi , h s ubdivi sion O f the section c an be o r er ex am n m ade with ut fu th i ati on .

a l . Rept. U . S . Geo Survey OfColorado and N ew Me ico W ash ington 1869 ( Third Annual x , , f eet. ( 30) - 1 3 . 162 166 . Report) , 87 , pp — 5 Lee W . T . The Morrison shales southernCOl F IG . 9. Section 5 m iles northwest of Las V e as , , Of g , orad o and northern New Me ico : Jour. Geolo vol . N . Mex . Fi ures in arentheses re er to d e x gy , g p f

10 1902 . 45. tailed section i en ln te t. , , p g v x 38 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

The character and succession of the beds of this section are sho wn ra hi ca in fi ure 9 and e r re a ons to O er and oun er ro c s g p lly g , th i l ti ld y g k are as follows

S ection 5 miles northwest o a e as Mex . f L s V g , N .

Fire c lay (behaved to be northward extension of Comanche) a Sandstone (formerly referred to D akota) .

S ale and san stone arie ate Morrison . h d , v g d ( ) San stone massi e ink o rown d , v , p t b Limestone ac finel aminate sme lin stron Of etroleum , bl k, y l d , l g gly p San stone i ht rown massi e d , l g b , v San stone red with much red sha e and se eral e s Of con lomerate d , , l v b d g (thi ckness estimated) 2 San stone ra coarse raine con lom ratic d , g y, g d , g e Conglomerate S ale san red to ur e not continuousl ex ose h , dy, p pl ( y p d) San stone con lomeratic ink to ra d , g , p g y S ale and san stone red not continuousl ex ose h d , ( y p d) Limestone har rittle contai nin crinoi stems , d , b , g d Not exposed Limestone rittle con omeratic , b , gl

L mestone har britt e weatherin to roun e bowl ers . Contains Pro i , d , l , g d d d duc tus cora Produc emireticula tus Productus unctatus Com osita , tus s p , p ubtil i ls s ita , Alle i sma termina ? S ale red san h , , dy San stone ar ose n to ellow w th e s Of im ure imeston e d , k , pi k y , i b d p l San stone con lom eratic consist n Of coarse rai ns of uartz e es of d , g , i g g q , p bbl cr stalline and metamor hic roc s and an ular fra ments Of e s ar y _ p k , g g f ld p and blue limestone ; and subcrystalline limestone contai ning Lophophyl

lum ro undum Rhombo ora s . C clo ora s . Fenestella s . D erb a p f , p p , y p p , p , y

cameratus S uamularia er lexa S ir eii na hentuck ensis Com o ita , q p p , p if y , p s '

subtilita Dielasma bovidens Aviculi ecten s . M alina s Conularia s . , , p p , y p ., p Limeston su cr stal ine containin the same ossils as the limestone e, b y l , g f immediately above it San stone arkose coarse raine in to d , g d , p k Penns anian limestone Ma alen a rou man hiindred s Of feet mas ylv , gd g p, y ' si e b1ue containin Productus cora Productus nebraskensis S u amularia v , , g , , q er lexa Com sita subtilita Cleioth ridina missouriensis Hustedia mor p p , m , y ,

moni Cardiomor ha ? s . Astartella s . Aviculi inna eracuta . , p p , p , p p

a Sta ton T . W . The Morriso i an it l i ns with the omanche series and the D a ota n , , n format on d s re at o C k

ti n : ur. l - forma o Jo Geo ogy, vol. 13, 1905, pp . 657 669.

A 40 M N ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

escr ed as a rou of the enns an an ser es to wh ch the oss s d ib g p P ylv i i , i f il r prove that they belong . They a e also probably equivalen t to som e ar Of the re eds Of the eas ern oc oun a ns but fina corre p t d b t R ky M t i , l lations can not now be m ade. The San An reas imes one the oun es mem er of the an ano d l t , y g t b M z rou is a sen rom the nor ern ar of the re ion but w e er g p , b t f th p t g , h th because of nondeposition or because Of erosion is not definitely known . ear Car a e is o er a n red e s the owes mem er N th g it v l i by b d , l t b O f whi ch is a basal conglomerate containing pebbles of crystalline d me a or hi roc a s a ome ro s an t m p c k th t mu t h ve c f m di tant localities . In the nor ern art w ere the San An reas is a sen the ar e th p , h d b t , v i gated shales provisionally referred to the Morrison are in contact with the Yeso formation . It is probable that u plift and erosion o owe the e os on o f the anzano rou rem o n ar s of f ll d d p iti M g p , vi g p t it , and that the red beds above the San Andreas near Carthage m ay be - Of Permian or Triassic age. Red bed accumulation in the Ro cky Mountain and Plains regions is now known to have covered a period Of me e en n rom ss ss an to u rass c and the eo o c ti xt di g f Mi i ippi J i , g l gi history duriii g this time was complex . PALEONTOLOGY OF THE MANZANO GROUP .

E O GE . I T By G R H G R Y .

I N T R O D U C T I O N .

i e no means w ou n r ns c n eres the auna O f the Wh l by ith t i t i i i t t , f

Manzano group is perhaps more interesting for extrinsic reasons . It c on a ns a cons era e number of un escr e s ec es but at the same t i id bl d ib d p i , m e oes not resen a no e of ac es w en com are wi our ti d p t th t v lty f i , h p d th

ca enns an an aunas wh c is some mes oun in the es . typi l P ylv i f , i h ti f d W t Fur ermore the an ano s e s are a e to be ra men ar and th , M z h ll li bl f g t y m uch inferior in preservation to the Pennsylvanian fossils of the Mis i i i r u ecu ar of reserva on e are s ss pp Valley . Th o gh some p li ity p ti th y too O ften obscured in sculpture and in ou tline . Some 84 varieties have been discriminated in the collection exam in ed w ic rom one o n Of vi ew m a be s r u e n o ree , h h f p i t y di t ib t d i t th c asses : ecies escr e for the firs me and ese are reasona l Sp d ib d t ti , th bly n umerous ; identifications with kn own species whi ch have a purely w estern distribu tion ; and identifications with certain species which have a wide distribu tion and occur in the more eas tern faunas also . The firs t group is of value for correlation purposes only prospectively ; he secon carr es su es ons of cer a n corre a ons in a acen areas t d i gg ti t i l ti dj t , w i e the as m a w en ro er n er re ed n ca e cer a n re a h l l t y, h p p ly i t p t , i di t t i l i i I tionships with faunas of the Miss ss pp Valley Penns ylvanian . Intrinsically there seems to be no marked difference between the assemblages of species which occur in the three divi sions O f the r Manzano group that can be discrimin ated on lithologic g ounds . Collections made at different horizons in the same section show no g reater faunal distinctions than collections m ade at the same horizon in fferen sec ons . e ert e ess cer a n ecu ar es of ran e are di t ti N v h l , t i p li iti g , in ac n ca e and m a b e res a e in is connec on ou f t , i di t d , it y t t d th ti , th gh a mos a ru sm a the en enc of m er ec m a er a is a wa s l t t i , th t t d y i p f t t i l l y

ow r he era on of auna fferences . On the o e an t a d t oblit ti f l di th r h d, e er co ec on mus necessar l s ow cer a n ios n cras es in a n v y ll ti t i y h t i id y i , f ili g to re res en the rea ran e and s r u on of or an c es . a es p t l g di t ib ti g i typ T bl , en o in the fferences whi c e n c a e and in ose wh ch th , b th di h th y i di t th i 41 42 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

e ai to n ca e are mere a ro im a ons ha s oul be ver th y f l i di t , ly pp x ti t t h d i rr u a fied and co ected by subseq ent d ta . The subjoined tables are arranged to show the species identified at each locality and their known range in the different sections where e on collections were made . It would appear that in but a single s cti

4 r r e i o u a r r en . The Abo an d (No . ) a e the th e div si ns fa n lly ep es ted eso aunas a ear o e er onl in sec on 4 w e the eso and Y f pp t g th y ti , hil Y

San n reas a ear o e er in sec ons 4 7 8 and 13. uc s ace A d pp t g th ti , , , M h p might be covered in pointing o ut the species which are common to two or to all three formations and those which are restricted to one of em but an one who is n eres e can rea no e ese ac s for th , y i t t d dily t th f t

' i e e wo s ecies which are m os ers s en in hims elf n the tabl . Th t p t p i t t all the sec tions and at all the horizons are those identified as Schizodus wheeleri an Bellero hon ma usculus but in ese es the m of d p j , th typ li it error is especially great because of their imperfect preservation . Regarding the faun a from the biologi c rather than the stratigraphic si e is er a s wort of rem ar a the o usca e i m ore d , it p h p hy k th t M ll xh bit e usua a un ance and d fferen a on whi e the Brac io o a than th l b d i ti ti , l h p d are less abundant and differentiated than is usual in the ordin ary

Pennsylvani an fauna . f eren as e are in sica as ec is ro a e a the Di f t th y phy l p t , it highly p b bl th t r he an ano au nas Manzano and Hueco are equivalent fo mations . T M z f are m ore closely related to those of the upper Hueco than to those of the ower in whi c rac i o s are a un an . e er the Ma l , h b h op d b d t Wh th g a ena rou w c un er es the an ano is re resen e in the d l g p , hi h d li M z , p t d F u e u e o Hueco has not been definitely determined . a n ally th H c presents m any aspects not kn own in either the Magdalena or the

Manz ano . In the Grand Canyon section the Manz ano appears to find its rep i u r r u ro o e u er and resentation n the A b ey g o p . P bably b th th pp i e wo lower Aubrey correspond to the Manzano . The beds n th se t areas have in comm on the three very characteristic species Productus iussi Allerisma ca es and D entalium sauna w e no ou o er , p , , hil d bt th r i types can be cited when the faunas have been wo ked out n detail . Upon this bas is the lim estone (Magdalena group) whi ch un derlies the Manzano would probably correspond to the u pper part of the Redwall 0 imes one rom whi c a enns an an auna is c e er . l t , f h P ylv i f it d by Gilb t e ower ar of the Redwall w its ower iss ss an auna is Th l p t , ith l M i ippi f , more or less exactly equivalent to the Kelly and the Lake Valley

es ones of New e ico w ose os on is e ow the a alena . lim t M x , h p iti b l M gd o ora o the e u a en of the an ano is am now is ose to In C l d q iv l t M z , I d p d

e e e the co orm a on . o o ca s ra ra ica and b li v , Ri f ti Lith l gi lly, t tig ph lly, faunally the Herm osa and Rico form ations show m any points of i r e resemblance to the Magdalena and Manzano . It s p opos d to

“Gilbert G . K U . S . Geo . Sur e s W . 100th Mer. Re t. vol. 3 1875 . 178. , g v y , p , , , p PALEON TOLOGY . 43

S ea of the a a ena and ermosa in ano er a er bu t acce in p k M gd l H th p p , pt g the e u a ence as a wor n o es s the corre a on of the Man q iv l ki g hyp th i , l ti zano and Ric o seems j ustified in view of the close proximity geo ra h cal and the ac a o are Red Beds orma ons occu g p i ly f t th t b th f ti , i c i py n g orrespond ng positions in the section . The faunas of the Rico and Manzano Show a general resemblance in the limitation of the brachiopo d forms and the abundance of the pelecypods and gastero

o s . ener ca e e a s r n corres on ence w i e a p d G i lly th y xhibit t iki g p d , h l num er of s ecies are common to o aunas suc as Productus b p b th f , h com Com osita subtilita D elto ecten occidenta lis Pseudomonotis , p , p , ha wni Aviculi inna nebraskensi s Allerisma ter ina ls and Edmondia , p , m , bb Be e c u c f n re r gi osa . sides th se m any ins tances o ld be ited o ki d d fo ms s whi c u vi r e and form h pon re sion might p ove to be th same . The correl ations here a dopted of the Manzano group with the Aubrey on the one hand and the Rico on the other naturally bring the Ari zona form ation into alignm ent with that of Colorado in spite of the fact that the Rico faun a is very different from that O f the Aubrey. Although none of the characteristic Aubrey forms has been found in the co the anz ano auna to a cer a n e en resen s a com na Ri , M f t i xt t p t bi on of es whi c occur in the co but not in the u re and ose ti typ h Ri , A b y, th w c occur in the Au re but not in the co . hi h b y, Ri As to the relationship of the Manzano group to the Pennsylvanian sec ion as is e e o e in the ss ss V a e wou be na t it d v l p d Mi i ippi ll y, it ld i d r T visable to write at length at p esent . he Manzano fauna differs cons iderably from any of the Carboniferous faunas known from that

- re ion w e er of enns ani an or ao ca e ermi an a e . The g , h th P ylv ll d P g assemblage of forms which perhaps m ore closely than any other sug gests that contained in the Manz ano beds occurs in the Whitehorse “ o e u r r r r f sands t n and Q a te m aste fo m ation o Okl ahom a and Texas . ese roc s are re a ve s ea n not so er rem o e in the two Th k , l ti ly p ki g , v y t “ areas and the fact that in both cases they form part of the Red

e r r . i Beds m ak s the correlation a ather inviting one. M Beede in h s discussion of the Whitehorse and Quartermaster faunas seems to a o his corre a ion w the an ano rou at eas in a enera d pt t l t ith M z g p , l t g l u c r way. Altho gh the two faunas contain some losely elated and oss e u a en s ec es ere is on one w c at the me of p ibly q iv l t p i , th ly hi h ti wri n seems to be en c a in the two orma ons name D elto ti g id ti l f ti , ly, n ' e e r pecte van vleeti . The brachiopod el ment seems to be nti ely lack in rom the u ar erm as er and e orse aunas and ou g f Q t t Whit h f , th gh fairly abund ant in the Manzano the representation is distinctly

limited . On the w o e owe er seems ra er ro a e a the an ano h l , h v , it th p b bl th t M z and Whitehorse-Qimrtermaster horizons will prove to be in a general wa e u va en but so som e remar a e and n eres n re a ons y q i l t , if , k bl i t ti g l ti — a Beads . W . Bull . Kansas Uni . Sci. vol . 4 1907 . 115 171. , J , v , , , pp 44 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE V ALLEY .

e ween o er orma ons are o ene u . wou a ear in r e b t th f ti p d p It ld pp , b i f, u on is o es s a if the Guadalu ian e s are e uiva en to p th hyp th i , th t p b d q l t the uss an ermian the so-ca e ansas ermian is muc o er d R i P , ll d K P h ld ; an “ ” if on the o er an the ans as ermian is e u va en to a o f , th h d , K P q i l t th t

ussia the Guadalu ian re resen s a dis inc and s i l oun er e oc . R , p p t t t t l y g p h his in o es on the one an the e ui alence of the anzano e s T v lv , h d, q v M b d and the Hueco formation and the superposition of the Guadalupian series u on the ueco and on the o er the e ermi na ion of the p H , , th , d t t Whitehorse and Quartermaster rocks as higher than the highest fos “ ” siliferous ermian of ansas . en en the e u alence o f P K Giv , th , q iv the anzano and the hi e orse- u ar erm as er ori ons as h othe M W t h Q t t h z , yp tized a o e the Gu adalu ian mus be cons era oun er an the b v , p t id bly y g th “ ” Kansas Permian . As to the corre a on of the an ano and the ueco ee at l ti M z H , I f l resen er i e ou and is cer a nl rue a the anz an o p t v y l ttl d bt, it t i y t th t M fauna is extremely unlike that of the Guadalupian beds . At present also it seems practically impossible that the stratigraphic relations of the Hueco and Gu adalupian form ations are different from wh at they have generally been cons idered to be — that the form er un derlies the latter . Regarding the relations of the Whitehorse and Qu arter “ ” mas er roc s to the ansas erm an a e no n e en en t k K P i , I h v i d p d t f Opinion to advance. The crux o the whole m atter seems to lie in the relation of the Manzano beds to the Whitehorse and Quarter m as er roc s . As to the ro a of e r e n e u a en two t k p b bility th i b i g q iv l t , a on a o n s m a be no ce . In the firs ace on the m os dditi l p i t y ti d t pl , ly t remote relationship can be traced between the Guadalu pian faun a and the faunas Of the Whitehorse and Quartermas ter beds as at

resen nown . In the secon ace Bee e rem ar s a the Amer p t k d pl , d k th t ican types experience a decided decrease and the foreign ones a decided in creas e in p assing from the Whitehorse to the Quarterm as r ter horizons . Already I have called attention to the st ikin g foreign ac es w c a ears in the ueco orm a on rom whi c circu m f i hi h pp H f ti , f h stance the Hueco would appear to be no Older at leas t than the

Quarterm as ter beds . I have spoken more fully elsewhere as to what seem ed to me the probabilities of correlation between the Hueco and Gu adaIUpian o series and the Russian Permian . The Huec fauna in m any respects is s r in s m ar to the Gschel aun a whi c un er es the Per t ik gly i il f , h d li mi an and Ar tinsk in Russia . “ ” Herrick has employed the designation Permian for part of the an ano rou c in as erm an orms the ree o ow n s ec es : M z g p , it g P i f th f ll i g p i Bakewellia arva M alina attenuate and Pleuro horus subcuneatus p , y , p , M i a hési nd uro w c ro a are Pteria s . al na ac a Ple or us hi h p b bly p , y p , ph

a Herrick . L Bull. Uni . N ew Me ico vol . 2 asc . 3 1900 . 4 J our. Geolo vol . 8 1900 . 115 . , C v x , , f , , p ; g y , , , p PALEO N TOLOG Y . 4 5

He ff bcos atus of he resen re or . e en h s in m n in a . su t t p t p t vid tly a i d “ ” s corre a on the erm an of ansas and r s thi l ti P i K Neb a ka . That there is any substantial evi dence for correlating the Manzano with the uss an erm an am not s ose to e ie e but a m a R i P i I di p d b l v , th t it y “ be more or ess e ui a en to he ans as ermian seems as l q v l t t K P , a rea s a e not m ro a e l dy t t d , i p b bl . The accompanyi ng table shows the range and distribution of the an ano s ec es us far o a ne Mr Lee who m a e all the M z p i th bt i d by . , d o e ons on c hi s a eon o o c oun is s The fi s c ll cti whi h t p l t l gic a c t ba ed . r t ser es of co umns s ow the oc a aun as the num ers at the to i l h l l f , b p e n lot num ers w c re er to oca es escr e in e a in the b i g b , hi h f l liti d ib d d t il o re s e en on a es 19— 120 To the r are the com l cality gi t r giv p g 1 . ight osite aunas in co um ns rou e un er the orm a on names Abo p f , l g p d d f ti , es o and San An reas seeme es to m a e a eo ra hi c sub Y , d . It d b t k g g p i s on of the orm a ona aun as and conse uen the num ers d vi i f ti l f , q tly b ea n ese co umns s an for cer a n s r c s or sec ons as use h di g th l t d t i di t i t ti , d Mr Lee in his or on of the a er and s own on a e to wit : by . p ti p p h Pl t I ,

Can on . 8. Fra Cristobal . 1 . Galisteo y

n ins 9 No al Cree . 2. Sandia.Mou ta . . g k

an on 10 . En le . 3. Abo C y . g

d Y . 1 1 . Ele hant Bu 4 . Mesa el eso p tte.

mi l 12. Ca allos Mountains. 5. Ala l o. b ’ n 13. San An reas Mountains 6 . Blac kinto s ranch . d .

7. Carthage.

The lo ts combined to make u p the composite form ation al faunas in the different areas are as follows :

Abo sandstone

ia Mountains com risin lots 3796 3797 and 3798. Sand p g , , r in 7 7 Abo Canyon comp is g lot 3 5 s .

Meso del Y eso comprising lot 3751 . Y eso formation :

l Y eso com r sin lots 3751a 3751b and 37510 . Mesa de p i g , , s n 7 Alamillo compri i g lot 3 51e . ’ Blackinton s ranch comprising lot 3750 .

h e com risin lots 3753 3747s . Cart ag p g ,

ris bal com risin lots 3743a 3743b . Fra C to p g ,

M untains com risin lots 3742b 37420 3742d 3742s and 3742 . San Andreas o p g , , , , g San Andreas limestone : in 1 Mesa del Y eso compris g lot 375 d .

h 7 com risin lots 3746 3746s . Cart age ( p g , 4 Fra Cristobal comprising lot 37 3.

k com risin lot 3744 3744a . Nogal Cree p g ,

En com risin lots 3595 3740 3740s . gle p g , ,

El n Butte com risin lots 3741 3600 . epha t p g ,

oun ns com ris n lots 3738 3738a . Caballos M tai p i g ,

as M n ains com ris n lots 3742 3742f . San Andre ou t p i g , 4 6 M AN ZAN O GROU P OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

' 9 19L8 X IX

w a fl Q g g e Q e n n £ 8 fi a S B a b 3 38 3e o fl B a m m 3 ?2 n 3 m m 5 8 d E 8 c e S E 5 aa o 8 5 W m 5 m 0 u n 3 g m g o a s 5 E a 3a 3 e 8 8 O o m a m z fl e fl u g w a m e u fl b 8 2 e e8S a e m t e a m m fi fl m a a £ £ o —8 8 wa $Sg s g o o a £ 5 a 5 u g m S s 3 am 8 1 o 0 e 3 n £ 2 2 s s fi e fi 2 E e 5 2 wma m 3 g o 89 9 6 v fi s u ms 5 e 3 9 o 5 o a S 8—S i 8 u u u 88 ? v 5 o fi 5 5 m 5 mz E“m0 8mO m5 2 2

48 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF BIO GRAN DE VALLEY.

- F O O x x x fx x

X IX

X X I : IX X X Z

X X

ix x x 5x 5

5x 5x X X X X I Z I I I x x x xx 5x

ZX X Z I I I Z

' es | x § x x ZX X I 2X i X X X 1X 1X i X X X X X

h p x z j

ix x x

z m m s e m e . s a m q a c 5 n S e S a a e t e 8 8 o 3 a — £ c Efi s s s . . 8 w a . n £ 2 « 3 w n ; c c Bm 9 e —S a m 5 2 8 m o ma h E S a n 3 0 g 3 e e o a p « 5 a E m p s e n . W a 3 n o 8 3 8 e m s b o u 3 t s a . z s ”a e n E 8 E t a d w m 3 8 o s : o 5 s u e a fi 8 a A 0 —s e 8 8 8s £ : w c c E a e e o 83 m e n g 8 b 2 8 2 £ e 3 c 2 m v E 8 g S a fi 5 a5 g f 9 3 e Q 2 E a g x5 3 w fl m a 3— 83 c o o a 5 ° O 3 E —s 2 -s z m 2 e a : o 5 2 Q 5 5 O n a 6 8 - v 6 n v a c 55 s o 5 5 G 3 M 3 m 0 o o g w s— m e 9 0 o . e 85 Q r u s 8 e o é fi 8 H m5 5 : 5 5m m? ms0 a w o vv 2 3Em

50 MAN ZAN O GROU P or mo GRAN DE VALLEY .

DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES .

CCELENTERATA.

H L M ? s LO P O PHY L U p .

Of this species o ur collection has furnished a single specimen embedded in matrix and partially weathered through . The corallu m is s s x n in 15 . n 8 . in mall , traight , rather rapidly e pa d g, mm lo g , mm

end . u n i n n diameter at the larger Tab lae a d d ssepime ts wa ting . s in 1 in Fossula large and di t ct . Septa 9 number . Their ends uni te n and s s of of an ren at the ce ter, with the ide two them form appa tly

n nu us un ssu . N ss on se ns n co ti o wall aro d the fo la everthele , clo i pec tio s n un n of inn n s s in vis they are , by rea o of the io their er e d , di t ctly di ible into three groups . Opposite the fossula three of the septa form a -s ss s x s s wedge haped ma , who e e tremity project omewhat farther n n e in ns s and u toward the ce ter tha the oth r comb atio of epta , do bt

s s u u su s ru ur was s n . les form the p e docol mella , if ch a t ct e pre e t E s on s ss s n r u s u ight epta each ide , po ibly divi ible i to two g o p of fo r e u n f ssu and -s u mm ach , occ r betwee the o la the wedge haped gro p i e diatel s n s un n so as s n a y oppo ite , their e d iti g to be di ti ct from e ch and s ss f u s other al o , to a le degree , rom the third gro p , which lie between them .

— Horizon a nd loca lit Abo s n s n Abo n n s n 3757 a . y a d to e , Ca yo ( tatio )

E H N DE MA A C I O R T .

Ecnmocmmrs Agassiz .

I in n n Echinocrinus ns am , with regret , employ g the ge eric ame i tead and r Archaeocidaris but if of the more familiar more approp iate , the f u facts have all come be ore me no other co rse seems open . fi in ss i Echinocrinus was rst troduced by Aga iz n 184 1 . No com lete f s n was n but f n n n few p or ormal de criptio give , a ter me tio i g a characters the genus w as stated to include Oidaris urii and one or n 1 44 M “ f two other forms . I 8 cCoy gave a very good dis cussion o nus un s ss z n n n fa the ge , der the title propo ed by Aga i , me tio i g the ct that he had long before distinguished it in manusc ript by the n ame

Archaeocidar is . n s s s n Echi Meek a imadvert to thi fact , ayi g that nocrinus has usually been passed over by naturalists because Agas siz supposed the form to be a crinoid and the name is inappropriate for fi an echinoid Though by some considered adequate ground for rejec ting a name in z f n is n su es s s n oology , the act that a ame i appropriate or gg t mi take

a S n . Carb . Foss . Ire and D ub in 1844 . 173. y l , l , , p

b Re t. Geol . Sur e I no s vol . 2 1866 . 294. p v y lli i , , , p EON OLO PAL T GY . 51

ffini s is not n as n n and biological a tie ge erally regarded i validati g it , m ore than one example can be brought forward to illustrate the con f usion which would spring up were such a principle adopted . ' s s r f Archwomdaris has no s n n in It eem , the e ore , that real ta di g f n no s in u n omenclature . McCoy himsel evide tly did t eek to trod ce ’ is n Echinocfl nus ss z and A ass z s s it . It a ticipated by Aga i , if g i ome su fini n is u insufficient fix n Archae w hat ca al de tio tho ght to the ame , ’ ocidaris is still anticipated by McCoy s own defin ition of the genus

' u nder the title of Echinominus . The genotype of Echinom' inus Agassiz would undoubtedly have to ris m'ii in of Echinocrinus Mc o u be Oida Flem g , while that C y wo ld probably be the species which McCoy identifies as Echinom'inus man stemlanus D e The former has characters more like those o f the American Carbonif erous species usually referred to Archwoc'i aris munstem m is now as n in da ris . Oid regarded belo g g to the

‘ ' nus Eocida ms . n f if nus n ge Appare tly , there ore , the ge be give to Mc o as Archwocidaris Echinocrfinus C y at all , whether or , by the m ethod of generic fix ation by type species whichever name is adopted ss s u now Eocidaris f n n pa e to the gro p called , that term alli g , i to

synonymy . It has been a matter of some difficulty to ascertain the facts relating f A h to the literature of Echinocr inus and rc aeocidar is . McCoy states ss z n in n in u in u s n that Aga i had a ticipated him am g the gro p q e tio , ’ u s no n ss z s . In his No menclator b t give refere ce to Aga i work , Ag assiz cites the genus as described in the second of his Echinoid m onographs Goeppert and Meyer give the same volume and

and s na was not n ss z . Goe date , al o me the page , which give by Aga i p 1 of n u n pert and Meyer give page 5 the i trod ction . I the volume w hi nsu f n ss nus was ch I co lted , that rom the Library of Co gre , the ge

is ffi u in un in n 1838. d covered with di c lty a part bo d with Mo ograph I , s n n is n us for f s in u s n Thi arra g eme t , however, erro eo , the a cicle q e tio “ is subscribed Neuchatel en j uillet Although this date is the sa as of s n n is s n me that the eco d mo ograph , there good rea o to believe h not f of n ns s n t at it did orm part that work , the evide ce co i ti g partly o f the fact that this fascicle has a separate title-page and indepen dent

n n . is s n n s f s pagi atio There rea o to believe , i deed , that thi a cicle , “ ’ which is entitled Observations sur les rogres récens de l histoire ” p n u des E in s as s u n at relle ch oderm , appeared a eparate broch re betwee the firs and s n n s u n n f t eco d mo ograph , tho gh i te ded to orm a part of ’ the E n u . G and M s f n is chi oderm vol me oeppert eyer re ere ce , there o n not n as u but s as s n f re , i correct , o ly to the vol me , al o to the tateme t s n of Echinocrinu u s in n that the de criptio s occ r the i troduction . n has f and an n u n of its own Mo ograph II both a pre ace i trod ctio , while the fascicle in which this description does occur bears neither the one

title nor the other . 52 MAN ZAN O GROUP or BIO GRAN DE VALLEY.

Ecm N oomN Us GRATIS W hite.

Archz ocidmi a oratia. hite . . eo . eo . ur . Terr . econd Di ision W , U S G l G g S v , S v , ’ Po e s Re t . eo . inta ountains . 109. w ll p G l U M , p

Lo er Au re rou : on uence of rand and reen ri ers tah . w b y g p C fl G G v , U

Archz ocidaris cratis . W hite . . eo . Sur . F . . a den in char e , U S G l v ( V H y g ) ;

ont. to Pa eonto o Nos . 24 . 130 . 33 fi . 2a . C l l gy , p , pl , g

idd e ar oni erous : on uence of rand and reen ri ers tah . M l C b f C fl G G v , U

Archxocidam cratis . hite . eo . eo . urv. Terr . T e th Ann . Re t . W , U S . G l G g S , w lf p ,

for 1878 t . 1 . 130 . 33 fi . Za . , p , p , pl , g

idd e arboni erous : on uence of rand and reen ri ers tah . M l C f C fl G G v , U '

Archz omdaris cratia. e es Io a Acad . Sci . Proc . vol . 2 . 188. K y , w , , , p r L er A br : Coal Meas u es ( ow u ey) Utah .

Archaeocidaris cratis . irt . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 16 . 331 . G y , U S . G l S v , f p , p

e er imestone : rested utte district o orado . W b l C B , C l

ermosa ormation : Oura o o . H f y , C l

Lead i e district o orado . v ll , C l

1904 . Archz omldaria cratis . em St . Loui s Acad . Sci . Trans . vol . 14 . 47 . Kl , , , , p

This species is represented in our collection by only thr ee or four r n s ns n n u f agme tary pecime , which have bee wor abo t half way through as they lie flat on the rock surface . They are characterized n o by having a few stout spinules dis posed at rather long i tervals . S

as can min e wi E. crotts ex far be deter ed , they agr e th , cept that they

es in 5 . In s z and are larger , the larg t hav g a diameter of mm i e to a

n x n in s s s ns su s E. tri lex certai e te t other character the e pecime gge t p , but s n no i n c was i n u in s n I have ee ev de ce that the radi le tr a g lar ectio ,

r s f u of E. tri lex hi s nu s a characte i tic eat re p , w le the pi le are more pro longed and tapering . Hor i on and localit — San An s s n os un ns z y drea lime to e , Caball Mo tai (station

BRYOZOA .

‘

B . SE PTO PO BA aff . RO U S TA Ulrich

Thi s species is represented in our collection by two specimens exposed on blocks of limestone and for the most part considerably weathered . On thi s accoun t it has been possible to determine their

s nl in . nz n f is fin e s i s character o y part The Ma a o orm a large , pec e ,

n in flabellate s ss flexuous . appare tly hav g a hape , more or le The larger specimen measures 60 mm . in one direction . The branches n s s n and in n and s i s his ss i crea e by divi io by tercalatio , omet me t proce has been so much more active in one part of the zoarium than in another that there is W ide variation from point to point in the number T of branches whi ch occur in a given distance . en is perhaps the

nu in 10 mm . but n is f 8 1 1 12 . S average mber , the ra ge rom to or ome

9 or 10 fenestrules occur in the same distance . The fenestrules vary su ul ns s su u u from bcirc ar to tra ver ely bq adrate , tho gh the latter type o s d xi is n t common . U ually the length an breadth are appro mately P OLO ALEON T GY . 53

and s un is for s ns u n equal the hape ro d h , the characteri tic co tr ctio of the dissepiments as formed by the union of two oblique branchlets is

a i us . ss i n s ss ex only here nd there obv o The di ep me t are depre ed , panding at their ends and varying from larger to considerably smaller n n s n in s n i n tha the bra che , ma y of which rema le der for a relat vely lo g s is distance after their introduction . The obverse ide probably s and n s s n s n n s triated , the bra che al o appear to have bee wolle or odo e at their j un ction with the dissepiments . On the reverse the branches contain two rows of cells apparently

‘ - o ial ur s separated by a fairly well defin ed carina . The z cnc apert e come about four to the fenestrule or two Opposite the fenestrules and u 2 in a two more or less opposite the dissepiments . There are abo t 0

is n of 5 mm . and ns ss n r own d ta ce , they are co iderably le tha thei u i diameter apart . On the dissepiments the apert res are rregul arly distributed in one to three rows . The number and distribution of the f is accessory pores have not been determined . This orm evidently

S . robusta but s as n not n i it. related to , almo t evide tly ide tical w th

It is somewhat less robust and has the obverse face marked by nodes . — Hor i on and localit Abo s n s n Abo n n s n 3757 . z y a d to e , Ca yo ( tatio a)

B A H DA R C IOPO .

E E KE LL M A M EXICA N A n . sp .

— P ate V I ures 1 5 . l , fig

S u s z us u ul . n hell of medi m i e , growth ally reg ar Ve tral valve ' n su n u s u u in su ni a ss havi g a btria g lar or pat late o tl e , bco c l , more or le e and n s flatten d produced backward . Hinge narrower tha the greate t wi . fin s s . Ps u dth Area high , moderately well de ed at the ide e do u u i n u one-f ur of its i s i s deltidi m occ py g abo t o th w dth , omet me more , sometimes less . D s nsv s su u in u n s n n or al valve tra er e , bq adrate o tli e , tro gly i flated , especially in the umbon al region . P ns fin e and f n s i s s u f n inn n licatio rather ai t , omet me ob c re , o te beg i g s s n . rac fin e and n in ome di ta ce from the beak Li rigid , appare tly th and s n not x 16 19 in 5 . n su u l harp whe e foliated , to mm , ge erally beq a , s i s s n and ul un u and of e f u omet me di ti ctly reg arly eq al , thr e or o r n degrees of promi ence . Some of the variable features of this species have already been poin ted out. The area varies considerably in altitude and also in i n r in n n u n of u direct o , f om be g early perpe dic lar to the pla e the apert re in f to almost line with it. The width o the pseudodeltidium also is subject to variation as well as the degree of strength in the plications .

' In some cases the latter are so faint and begin so far from the apex that if only specimens were seen which were not quite mature one r would feel compelled to place them in the genus O thothetina . (See 54 MAN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

fi . 4 Pl . V I . Su see s in be as i our m terial g , ) ch m fact to the c e w th a r s n 3742d in i s s i ns x min no t f om tatio , wh ch the large t pec me e a ed do nd o ree exceed 16 mm . in length a show n trace of plications . They ag e f rred so well in other respects with typical M. mer icam that I hav re e them without much hesitation to that species . There can be little question that the present form is distinct from

' Meekella stmktticosta ta of the Mississippi Valley Pennsylvanian . A number of differences at once appear when characteristic specimen s

r and r in ns n in is ns . are compa ed , they ema rather co ta t all compar o The area of the ventral valve is generally more strongly inclined back

u n and ss is . li i ns are ward , freq e tly more flat le d torted The p cat o u n much less dis tinct . It is difficul t to make a count of the lirac po

M. str ia ticosta ta in a ns but be ow g to the plic tio , they appear to considerably fin er and less regular . Hor i on and localit — San n s s n En s n 3740 z y A drea lime to e , gle ( tatio ) d E n Bu s ns 3600 and s n San an lepha t tte ( tatio Ye o formatio ,

Andreas (station 3742d) .

ME E KE LLA STRIATICO ST ATA Cox.

P ate V I ure 6 . l , fig

’ - ’ 1857 . P licatula stna to costa ta . Cox O en s eo . ur . entuc Re t. vol . 3 . , w G l S v K ky , p , , p

568 . 8 fi . 7 . , pl , g

oa easures : Pro idence o kins oun t . C l M v , H p C y , Ky

1858. Orthisina Shumardiana . a o Acad . Sci . St. Loui s Trans . vol . 1 . 183. Sw ll w , , , , p

Lo er Pe mi an : a e of otton ood Kane. w r V ll y C w , ’ ' 1858. Orthisina Missouncmis . a o Acad . Sci . St . Louis Trans . vol . 1 . 219. Sw ll w, , , , p

er oa easures : Da as Mo . ansas . Upp C l M ll , ; K

1859. Orthisina Shumardiana ee and a den Acad . Nat. Sci . Phi ad e hi a . M k H y , l lp ,

Proc . 26 . , p .

er oa easures : Fort Ri e ans . Upp C l M l y , K ' ' 1859. Orthisina Mascourkrms . ee and a den Acad . Nat . Sci . Phi ad e hia M k H y , l lp ,

Pr c 26 . o . , p .

er oa easures : Lea en orth ans . Upp C l M v w , K

' 1859. S tre torh nchus Orthcsina Shumardianus . humard Acad . Sci . St. Louis p y ( ) S , ,

Trans . vol . 1 . 395 . , , p n ns Permian sandstone : Guad alupe Mou tai .

A d . Sci . St. Louis Trans . vol . 2 . 82 1863. Orthisina occidentalis . a o ca - . Sw ll w , , , , p

er oa easures : a d e ount Mo . Upp C l M C l w ll C y , ' - 1866 . Orthis stmato costata . Geinitz ar . und D as in Nebras a . 48 tab . 3 fi s . , C b y k , p , , g — 22 24 .

er oa easures : rescent it Io a . Upp C l M C C y , w - 1868. Meekella striato costata . hite and St. ohn hica o Ac ad . Sci . Trans . vol . W J , C g , , — 1 . 120 122 fi s . 4 6 . , pp , , g : I a Coal Measures ow . - 1872 . Meekella str iato costata . ee . . eo . ur . Nebras a Fina Re t. . 175 M k , U S G l S v k , l p , p , — . 5 fi s . 12a c . pl , g er oa easures : Nebras a it e e ue P attsmouth Otoe t and Upp C l M k C y , B ll v , l , Ci y ,

As in a Nebr . entuc Io a issouri I ino s . p w ll , ; K ky ; w ; M ; ll i

56 m nzrm o GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

OD ' I E r PR UOrus v s Newberry .

’ ' f 1861 . Productus I ves i . Newberr Ives s o orad o Ex l . Ex ed . Re t . . 122 l . y, C l p , p , p , p , p — 2 fi s . 1 . , g 8 idd e ar oni erous imestone : an s of o orado Ri er near mouth of Dia M l C b f l B k C l v ,

mond River . i This spec es has sometimes been regarded as identical with P . emireti c lat i P f ' s u us or as a mere var ety of it . . ivesi belongs to the semireti culatus u but is u u u s n s fi dis gro p , witho t m ch q e tio peci cally

n P . semi reti cula tus s l s f un ti ct from it e f , or at lea t from the form o d in the Pennsylvanian of the Mississippi Valley which passes under that n ame and which is probably closely allied to the original Eng

i P . we i is . st s n wi ss u s u u and l h var ety arrower, th le reg lar c lpt re more numerous spines . It more nearly resembles the Pennsylvanian s s hi was s n u S as P . cathouni pecie w ch de ig ated , I j dge , by wallow anus but u in in i in s n , I am q ite accord with Meek bel ev g the we ter “ form to be distinct . n s l n For the time bei g at lea t I shal not i clude with P . ivesi the

N hi M n fi as P . évasi f form from evada w ch eek ide ti ed , with the reversional name Of P . longus . f ss s un ns n u s The o il der co ideratio , tho gh omewhat imperfect, in appear to be typical every way . Hor izon and localit — San n s i s n N sta y A drea l me to e , ogal Creek ( n 3744 a M s s s n 375 1d and San n s s n tio ) e a del Ye o ( tatio ) , A drea ( tatio 3742f s n M s s s ns 375 1a 375 1b and Ye o formatio , e a del Ye o ( tatio , ,

D PRO U CTU S LE E I n . sp .

P ate V II ure 1 . l , fig

S s su u . s n hell rather mall , bq adrate Width lightly greater tha the s n s length and greate t at the hi ge . Ventral valve trongly convex .

E s s ss n u . S nus n ar mall , depre ed , tria g lar, arched i ge tle , more or less obscure . D s s n x s or al valve imilar to the ve tral , e cept that the vi ceral area n n is flattened or ge tly co cave . urf n s n s a S ace of ve tral valve marked by moderately tro g co t , u su n u and s i which are rather irreg lar , ba g lar, eparated by relat vely,

s ae. s is s u wide rounded tri The vi ceral area omewhat reg larly ,

n and fin n . s s n s s stro gly , ely wri kled A few mall pi e are cattered su but n n n and over the rface , alo g the hi ge li e they are large directed s u u of s i obliquely away from the beak . The c lpt re the dor al valve s of n but s un and similar to that the ve tral , the rib are more ro ded the striae more n arrow and angular .

’ a Mee comment real a l es to the N e a a she l and not to t cal P . ivest. K n Re t. U . S. k s ly pp i v d l ypi ( i g , p

Geo . Ex l . 4oth Par. vol. 4 1877 . l p , , , p PALEON TOLOGY . 57

his is r rs semireticulatus u T form elated to other membe of the gro p , n s n u s hi s ul n u bei g di ti g i hed c efly by the omewhat irreg ar, a g lar,

i s and ss n s n s . as s w dely paced , po ibly eva e ce t rib Of the ociated s s n ifi as P . exica nus is s s pecie , that ide t ed m probably the mo t clo ely

i . s n f is not n all ed The pre e t orm larger , broader , with o ly relatively bu n s u fin f t eve ab ol tely er costae. As to P . ivesi there c an be little n f question of ide tity . The orm which I described from the Hermosa n f her n s formatio O Colorado as P . mosa us is probably more clo ely s m n f n r f P leer?is i ilar tha any o the America P odueti known to me . . h ff n u smaller and as a di ere t distribution of the spines . I am not s re that the Manzano form should be regarded as more than a variety of bu t s ff n s in n un n ff n the other, with the e di ere ce , co j ctio with di ere t s s n and un ss n s s s tratigraphic po itio fa al a ociatio , it eem hardly wi e as s s s to regard them the ame pecie . Hor izon and localit — San An s n En s ns y drea formatio , gle ( tatio 3740 and Caballos Mountains (station Nogal Creek n 44 a an n A s n 42 i (statio 37 d Sa ndreas ( tatio 37 f ) .

PRO D U c 'rU s ME XICA N U S Shumard ?

P ate V II ure 4 . l , fig M 1858. Productus exicanus . humard St . Louis Acad . Sci . Trans . vol . 1 . 291 S , , , , p . hite Permian im estone : uada u o n W [ "l G l pe M u tains . M 1859. Productus exicanus . humard St. Louis Acad . Sci . Trans. vol . 1 . 389. S , , , , p W hite Permian imestone : uada u oun ins [ "l G l pe M ta .

?1877 . Productus Mewicanus ? W hite . . eo . ur . . 100 Mer . Re t. vol . 4 , U S G g S v W , p , , — 120 . 8 fi s . 6 a c p . , pl , g . ar oni erous : am otton ood Old ormon road Linco n ount Nevada C b f C p C w , M , l C y , ;

near a t La e New exico . S l k , M ’ ?1883. Productus Mexicanus . a ser Richtho en s hina vol . 4 . 182 . 28 K y , f C , , p , pl , s - fig . 7a b . - er ar oni erous : Lo Pin hina . Upp C b f g , C

?1902 . P roductus Mexicanus . Tschern schew Com . eo . St. Petersbur Mem . y , G l [ g", ,

vol . 16 No. 2 . 264 . 52 fi . 10 . , , p , pl , g h rina z one : ra un ins Sc wage U l Mo ta . — 1908. Productus mexicanus . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 58 . 255 256 . G y , U S G l S v , f p , pp

a itan imestone : uada u e ountains Texas . C p l G l p M ,

P . mexi canus was not fi u its u and us s g red by a thor, we m t almo t ’ rf W s fi u o f s s h s f pe orce go back to hite g re the pecie , w ich agree airly ’ i Shum ard s s n . At s as well w th de criptio the ame time , typical P e nu was f u in un ns in f un . m xica s o nd the Guadalupe Mo tai a a al ’ relation widely different from that in which White s specimen occurred it seems rather probable that the latter is n ot really identical with

Guad alu ian f . N ss u n ff n the p orm everthele , abo t the o ly di ere ce ’ ’ that can be pointed ou t between W hite s specimen and Shum ard s description is that the latter indicates a larger siz e than is possessed by the former. V ALL 58 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE EY .

The form here under consideration appears to be very closely ’ if not n s P . mexi a nus . is related to , ide tical with , White c It , how a in s s n s wi the ever , little larger, thi re pect agreei g more clo ely th

and is u n n . typical variety , it freq e tly more elo gate From observations here and elsewhere I have been led to believe n on x of i u of s that P . W es t may represe t e e treme a var ed gro p form

x s of hi n P . subhorridus P . mer i other e treme w ch have bee called , canus and P . leei . P . mexi ca nus as n fi and as n fi , here ide ti ed ide ti ed by White als o may possibly be thought of as a small and n arrow

P . ivesi in s u u ns but h n s , which the c lpt re remai little c a ged , the rib ,

f n for s z . P . subhmwidus there ore , bei g relatively very large the i e can be derived from the same stock through a tendency of the costae i n s e to become evanescent . Much variation s show by all three p

s and in n s s is not s s n uis s sf . cie , give ca e it ea y to di ti g h them ati actorily of f s is un n in s n s u f This group orm ab da t the lime to e at Clo dcro t ,

Mex . ff n e un s for s u n n N . , a ordi g b tter opport itie t dy tha the collectio

ll s n i f P . su b in hand . One form hardly if at a to be di ti gu shed rom ' s O s obsoles horvidus occurs in great numbers . The rib are b olete or

n and s n s ss un n . A s m ce t , pi e are more or le ab da t clo ely related for , nn n di s is s s s i co ected with it by i terme ate type , the ame pecie wh ch I P h s n and am here identifying as . mexi canus . It as more di ti ct more

P b rr us . A of closely arranged costae than . su ho id small variety

' ' i n f P . mexicanus as n fi P . m exicanus s indisti guishable rom ide ti ed by fi u W as White . The specimen from Fort W ingate g red by hite

n P . bhorridus and P . mexi canus . P . costa tus is intermediate betwee su

P f u and P . occidenta lis of N s n . costa ta s o Marco ewberry al o belo g h to t is group . Hori zon and localit — s f n s s s n y Ye o ormatio , Me a del Ye o ( tatio n An s f n N s n 3744 a and San 375 1a) ; Sa drea ormatio , ogal Creek ( tatio ) Andreas (station 3742f

’ i n PRO D U OT U s CO RA d Orb g y .

’ ’ 1842 . Productus cora D Orbi n o a e dans l Améri ue éridiona e Pal . . 55 . g y, V y g q M l , , p , — 5 fi s . 8 10 . pl . , g

arboni erous : A o e Pata atani on an is and in La e Titicaca Y arbichambi . C f b v p , l k ; ’ 1845 . Productus l elli . D e erneui L e s Tra e s in North Ameri ca vol . 2 . 221 . g V l , y ll v l , , p ountain imestone : indsor orton uf hub enacad e a s Ri er D eb ert M l W , H Bl f , S i , G y v ,

Ri er Minudie and a e reton . v , , C p B

Productus cora . D e oninc Soc . Ro . d . Sc i . L e e Mem . vol . 4 . 148 K k , y i g , , , p ,

4 fi 4a b 5 fi . 2a b c d. pl . , g . , ; pl . , g , , , Lo er arboni erous imestone of isé of ho ier and of Ratin en in the w C f l V , C k , g ; sha es of the median éta e near Toum a and in the er arboni erous l g y , Upp C f s ates of E ino near inche ainaut ban s of the issouri enda l p y B (H ) ; k M ; K l , estmore and Lo ic Y or shire D er shire Ire and an s of the W il i W l ; w k ; k ; by ; l ; b k j , an af uent of the Tarousa on the banks of the Lon a in the d strict of Med nsk fl j i y , province of Kalouga ; beyond Cosatchi-Datchi on the eas tern side of the ra s near Sterlitamack et een Perm and Serebriansk on the est side of U l ; , b w ; w PALEON TOLOGY . 59

the same chain rom Kachira on the Oka and rom n a near Kosimof F int f , f U j ; l Rid e Zanes il e uernse ount Ohi o b et een New armon and g , v l , G y C y ( ) ; w H y Mount Vernon (Indiana) ; Windsor (Nova Scotia) ; Leavenworth on the o i ian ateau abo e Pata atani in one of the is ands of La e Titicaca B l v pl , v p ; l k ,

and at Y arbichambi outh America . , S

1847 . Producta cora . De oninc Recherches sur les Animaux Fossi es t . 1 . 50 K k, l , p , p , — . 4 fi s . 40 b . 5 fi s . 2a d pl , g , ; pl , g . Car oni erous : uernse ount F int Rid e and Zanes il e Ohio et een b f G y C y , l g , v l , ; b w

New armon and ount ernon Ind . Lea en orth Ind . in dsor No a H y M V , ; v w , ; W , v

Scotia. o i ia etc . outh America . ; B l v , , S

1 848. Productus Martini . hrist Letters on eo o . 5 fi s . 6 8 9. C y , G l gy , pl , g , ,

arboni erous : Pinc ne i e Ill . [C f " k yv ll ,

1848. Productus s . hrist Letters on eo o 5 fi . 1 . p C y , G l gy , pl . , g

ar oni erous sandstone a o e the ac sha e : Elk Ri er Tennessee . [C b f " b v Bl k l v , ’ Productus semireticulatus. Hall Stansbur s Ex ed . reat a t La e Re t. , y p G S l k , p ,

. 41 1 . 3 fi s . 3 5a b p , pl , g , , . Carboniferous: Near Fort Laramie ; and Flat Rock Point and other places in the n i h h of rea a La e g bor ood G t S lt ke.

Productus cora . O en eo . ur . isconsin Io a and innesota Re t. w , G l S v W , w , M , p ,

. 103 136 . 5 fi . 1 . pp , , pl , g

ar on i erous : issouri Ri er e o mouth of Litt e P atte Ri er . C b f M v , b l w l l v

1 852 . Productus cora. Roemer Kreid . von Texas . 90 . , , p

arboni erous : San Sa a a e Texas . C f b V ll y , ’ 1854 . Productus cora . arc s Ex l . Red Ri er of Louisiana Re t. . 176 . M y p v , p , p

arboni erous: ashin ton and ra ford counties Ark . C f W g C w ,

Productus com . Nor ood and Pratten Acad . Nat . Sci . Phi ad e h a our . w , l lp i , J

vol . 3 . 6 . Entire o ume a eared in , p ( v l pp

oun limestone: hester Rosic are and arsa Ill . near Richmond M C , l , W w , ; ,

Mo. arrsville . ; , Ky

1 854 Productus Prattenianus . Nor ood Acad . Nat. Sci . Phi ade hia our . w , l lp , J - vol 3 . 17 . 1 fi s . 10a d . Entire o ume a eared in . , p , pl , g ( v l pp oa easures : rossin of Bi Nemahaw Ri er about 85 mi es n orth est of C l M C g g v , l w

St. ose h Mo. J p , ’ 1855 . Productus Cora . a ter e cher s Las t of the Arctic o a es . 387 . 36 S l , B l V y g , p , pl , fi 2 g . 1 . Carboniferous: Top of Exmouth Island

1855 Productus L elli . Da son Acad ian eo o . 219 fi . . y w , G l gy , p , g g m i Lower Carboniferous li estone : Nova Scot a .

1858. Productus cora . arcou eo . North America . 45 . 6 fi s . 4 4a . M , G l , p , pl , g , Mountai n limestone: Tigeras Canyon of San Antonio ; Pecos vi llage ; summit of

ierra de andia New exico . S S , M '

1859. Productus Prattemanus . ee and a den Acad . Nat. Sci . Phi ad e hia M k H y , l lp ,

Proc . . 26 . , p

Goal easures : Indian ree and Lea en orth ans . M C k v w , K

1863. Productus Cora . Da dson eo . Soc . London uart. our . vol . 19 . 174 vi , G l , Q J , , p ,

. 9 fi s 22 23. pl , g . , Lo er Car oni erous imestone: indsor orton uff hubenacad e a s w b f l W , H Bl , S i , G y Ri er a e reton Pu ash eas t ard of umber and Lennox Passa e v , C p B , gw , w C l , g , ’ Mc Kenzie s i at eastern extrem t of a ace arbor etc . No a cotia . M ll , i y W ll H , , v S

1866 . Productus Flemin i . Geinitz arb . und D as in Nebras a . 52 tab . 4 g , C y k , p , , — ’ fi 1 4 Not P . emin i De oninc . gs . . ( fl g K k )

er oa easures: e e ue P attsmouth and Nebras a it Nehr . Upp C l M B ll v , l , k C y ,

1866 . Productus Koninckianus Geinitz arb . und D as in Ne raska . 53 tab . 4 , C y b , p , ,

fi 5 Not P . Koninckianus De erneui . g . . ( V l )

er oa easures: Ne ras it ennetts i Nehr. Upp C l M b ka C y , B M ll , M AN AN O GROU P OF RIO GR N D V A L Z A E L EY .

'

1866 . Productus Calhoumanus . Geinitz ar . und D as in Nebras a . 53. Not , C b y k , p (

C lhouni nu o . P . a a a Swall w )

er oa easures : Diamond S rin anta Fe in a nsas . Upp C l M p g , S , K

1866 . Productus cora . Geinitz ar . und D as in Ne ras a . 50 , C b y b k , p . ar oni erous imestone and sha es : erman e ium En and Ire and C b f l l G y , B lg , gl , l ,

ain Russia North America o i ia etc . e e ie P attsmouth Ne r . Sp , , , B l v , B ll v w , l , b

1868. Productus com . Da son Acadian eo o . 297 fi s . 98a b. w , G l gy , p , g , ar oni erous imestone: indsor orton uff hu enacadie a s Ri er C b f l W , H Bl , S b , G y v , Minudie a e reton Pu ash east c oast of um er and Lennox Passa e , C p B , gw , C b l , g , ’ Mc Kenzie s i a ac e arbor etc . No a cotia . M ll , W ll H , , v S

18 . P ro t c . c ra To Kais . A ad . d r issensc h z l 5 69 duc us o . u a e W ien Sit b . vo . 9 f l , k , W , , ,

1 . Abth . . 441 . , p

ar oni erous imestone : 10 mi es rom ochabam a o i ia . C b f l l f C b , B l v

1872 . Productus Prattenianua . ee . . eo . ur . Nebras a Fina Re t. M k , U S G l S v k , l p ,

— - . 163 . 2 fi s . 5a c . 5 fi . 13 . 8 fi s . 10a b. p , pl , g ; pl , g ; pl , g er oa easures : Ne ras a it ennetts i edar uff Platts mouth Upp C l M b k C y , B M ll , C Bl , ,

e evue and Omaha Nebr . ansas Io a I inois . B ll , , ; K , w , ll Lo r ino we Coal Measures : Ill is .

1874 . Productus Com Der orne ni . cience u . vol . 1 No 2 49 by , C ll U v (S ) B ll , , . , p . ,

. 2 fi . 17 6 fi . 17 . pl , g ; pl . , g

Goal easures : Itaitu a and arreirinha razi . M b B , B l

1875 . Productus rattenianus ars . W hite . . eo . urv. . 100th Mer . Re t . p (p ) , U S G g S W , p , — vol . 4 . 113 . 7 fi s . l a c . Entire o ume u ished in 1877 , p , pl , g ( v l p bl ar on erous : Near anta Fe an d andia ountains New exico Pi onc i o C b if S S M , M ; l ll Ran e near a i an Pea and at the c onfl uence of hite ountain and ac g G v l k , W M Bl k ri ers Arizona E an Ran e 35 mi es south of E an Pass Fossi i hite v , ; g g , l g ; l H ll , W ’ Pin e ount Ro ert s ree Ran e Lander ount and to of rass oun C y ; b C k g , C y , p G M

tai n El Ran e 35 mi es north of Pioche Nev . near Be with ri n , y g , l , ; t Sp g,

edar Ran e near to of Mount Nebo and est ac e of O uirrh Ran e tah . C g ; p , w f q g , U

1876 . Productus rattenianus . hite . . eo . eo . urv. Terr . econd Di ision p W , U S G l G g S , S v ; ’ Po e s Re t . eo . inta ountains . 90 . w ll p G l U M , p

Lo er Au re rou : on uence of rand and reen ri ers tah . w b y g p C fl G G v , U

1876 . Productus Cora . Derb Mus . om . Zoo . u . vol . 3 . 281 . y , C p l , B ll , , p oa s r s : Y o t C l Mea u e amp pa a .

1877 . Productus Prattenianus . ee . . eo . Ex l . 4oth Par . Re t. vol . 4 M k , U S G l p , p , ,

. 72 7 fi . 7 . p , pl . , g ar oni erous : Fossi W h ite Pine d stric t Rai road an on Diamond C b f l Hill , i ; l C y ,

oun tains Ne ada . M , v

1878. Productus cora . Da son Acadian eo o 3d edition . 297 fi . 98. w , G l gy , , p g arboni erous mestone : indsor orton uff hu enacad e a s Ri er C f li W , H Bl , S b i , G y v , Min udie and a e reton No a c otia Pu ash on the eastern coast of , C p B , v S ; gw , ’ ’ um er and Lennox Passa e M Kenzie s i at eastern extremit of C b l ; g ; M ll , y

a ac e ar or etc . W ll H b ,

1884 . Productus Cora . W hite eo . ur . Ind ana Thirteenth Re t. . 126 . 26 , G l S v i , p , p , pl ,

oa easures : Fountain ermi ion Par e ont omer a O en Pi e C l M , V l , k , M g y , Cl y , w , k ,

Du ois and arric c ounties Ind . b , W k ,

Productus cora aa en Palaeontolo ia Ind ca ser . 13 vol . 1 . 677 . 66 W g , g i , , , p , pl ,

fi . 3 . 67 fi s . 1 2 . g ; pl , g ,

Productus mestone : atta Omar he he h udin an d abi India . li K , k yl , S k B , J ,

1886 . Productus Cora . Heil ri econd eo . ur . Penns ania Ann . Re t . for p n, S G l S v ylv , p

1885 . 452 . 440 fi s . 1 1a . , p ; p , g ,

er oa easures i ree imestone: es arre Pa. Upp C l M , M ll C k l Wilk b , PA ON OL LE T OGY. 6 1

188 . Productus Cor H il rin Pr n 6 a . e oc . a d o . omin ist. and eo . Soc . p , C ll Wy g H G l ,

vol . 2 . 268 fi s . 1 l a . , p , g ,

er oa easures il ree imestone : i es arre Pa . Upp C l M , M l C k l W lk b ,

1887 . Productus Cora . erric Sci . Lab . Den ison ni . u . vol . 2 47 2 H k , U v , B ll , , p . , pl . , fig ufl i

oa easures : F nt Rid e Ohio . C l M li g ,

1888. Productus cora. e es Acad . Nat. Sci . Phi ade hia Proc . . 227 . K y , l lp , , p

Lo er oa easures : Des oines Io a . w C l M M , w r 1895 . Productus co a . e es issouri eo . ur . Re t. vol . 5 . 47 . 37 K y , M G l S v , p , , p , pl , — fi s . 2 D te of im rin g a c . ( a p t oa easures : a houn and ansas it Mo C l M C l K C y , .

1896 . Productus cora . mith Am . Phi . Soc . Proc . vol . 35 . 238. S , l , , , p

er oa easures: Poteau ountain Indian Territor . Upp C l M M , y

Archimedes imestone : Inde endence ount Ark . l p C y ,

arsha sha e : Inde endence and tone counties Ark . M ll l p S ,

Fa ette i e shale : Inde endence ount Ark . y v ll p C y ,

1896 . Productus cora . mith Le and tan ord unior ni ersit Pub . ont io S , l S f J U v y , C . B l .

o ins easide Lab . No. 9 . 28. H pk S , , p

er oa easures : Poteau ountain Indian Territor . Upp C l M M , y Arc himedes imestone : Inde endenc e ount Ark l p C y , .

arsha sha e : Inde endence and tone counties Ark . M ll l p S ,

Fa ette i e sha e: Inde endence ount Ark . y v ll l p C y ,

1900 . Productus cora . eede ni . eo . ur . ansas Re t . vol . 6 . 75 11 B , U v G l S v K , p , , p , pl . , immg b df

er oa easures: ansas it Eudora La rence Lecom ton To e a Upp C l M K C y , , w , p , p k ,

ear ount Melvem Osa e ount Kane. G y C y , , g C y ,

1900 . Productus cora . erric and Bendrat Am . eo . vol . 25 NO . 4 . 240 . H k , G l , , , p

oa easures : andia ountains N . Mex . C l M S M ,

1903. Productus cora . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 16 . 364 . 4 . G y , U S G l S v , f p , p , pl

ermosa ormation : San uan re ion and Oura o o . H f J g y , C l

Rico ormation : San uan re ion o o . f J g , C l

e er and aroon ormations : rested utte and Lead e districts o o . W b M f C B vill , C l

n few x s of s f n O ly a e ample thi orm have come to ha d , all rather n n n s imperfect and badly wor . I ge eral a pect they are like specimens

rn f M ss ss i P nns n n . n ff of P . ea rom the i i ipp Valley e ylva ia O e di erence n n i s n s not n n can be oted , amely , that wh le pi e are e tirely abse t they u on f m are decidedly less numero s the or s from the Manzano group . Nor can thi s difference wi th much probability be ascribed to imperfect

s rv n . As s n of s n s n hin pre e atio to the pre e ce pi e alo g the ge , the

Man zano specimens leave one in doubt . ’ w of i n P Tschernysche s figure the type spec me of . cora makes it fairly clear that the Penn sylvanian species which has so Often been in our i u i s a called P . prattenianus l terat re s really the ame s the South

Am erican form . — Hor izon a d localit . s n s n M s s s n n y Abo a d to e , e a del Ye o ( tatio 37 n n s n 3757a and S n un ns s n Abo Ca yo ( tatio ) , a dia Mo tai ( tatio

a Tschern schew Th . Mém . Com té éol . Russ a vol. 16 N o. 2 1902 . 622 . y , , i g [ i ", , , , p 6 2 M AN ZAN O GRO U P OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY.

' ' PRonUc rUs N EBRASKE N S1s Owen.

P ate V II ures 5 and 6 . l , fig

1852 . Productus m brascemis . O en eo . ur . isconsin Io a and innesota w , G l S v W , w , M ,

Re t . . 584 . 5 fi . 3. p , p , pl , g

ar oni erous imestone : e e ue issouri Ri er Ne r . C b f l B ll v , M v , b ’

1854 . Productus Ro e m. Nor ood and Pratten Acad . Nat . Sci . Phi ad e hia our . g w , l lp , J — vol 3 . 9 . 1 fi s . 3a c . ho e o ume a eared in . , p , pl , g (W l v l pp

oa easures : Near untsvi l e Mo . C l M H l ,

1854 . Productus Nebrascensia. Nor ood and Pratten Acad . Nat. Sc i . Phi ade hi a w , l lp ,

our . vol . 3 . 21 . ho e o ume a eared in J , p (W l v l pp

oa easures : rossin of Bi Nemaha Nebras a Territor . C l M C g g , k y

1856 . Productus ro ersi . a Paci c Rai road Re t. vol . 3 . 104 . 2 fi s . 14 15 . g H ll , fi l p , , p , pl , g ,

ar oni erous imestone : Pec os i a e N . Mex . C b f l V ll g ,

1859. Productus Ro erai . eek and a den Acad . Nat. Sci . Phi ade hi a Proc . g M H y , l lp , ,

2 . p . 6

er oa easures : ansas Ri er a e e o mouth of ue Ri er ansas . Upp C l M K v V ll y , b l w Bl v , K

r as “. McCh sne D sc . New c . Pal . Foss . . 34 1860 . P oductus en e e e . p y, Sp , p

oa easures: Lasa e and rin fie d Ill . C l M ll Sp g l , ’ 1861 . Productus Ro ersi . Ne err I es s o orado Ri er Ex l . Ex ed . Re t . g wb y , v C l v p p , p , 121 p . . r s : P c os i s s Coal Measu e e V llag e and Kan a . r us r McCh sne I ustr i ns F 1 a- 1865 . P oduct as e . e at o New ec . oss . . fi s . 7 b. p y , ll Sp , pl , g

1866 . S h o ha losia horrescem . Geinitz arb . und D as in Ne ras a . 49. Not p , C y b k , p (

S . horrescens of urchison erneui and Ka serlin . M , V l , y g ) ’ oa easures : e e ue P attsmouth Nebras a it and ennett s i C l M B ll v , l , k C y , B M ll ,

Nebr .

1868. Productus nebrascensis . McChesne hica o Acad . Sc i . Trans . vol . 1 24 y, C g , , , p . , — 1 fi s . 7a b. pl . , g

oa easures : Lasa e and rin fie d Ill . C l M ll Sp g l ,

1872 . Productus Nebrascensis . ee . . eo . ur . Nebras a Fina Re t. . 165 M k , U S G l S v k , l p , p , — 2 fi . 2 . 4 fi . 6 . 5 fi s . 11a c . pl . , g ; pl , g ; pl , g ’ er oa eas ures: Ne ras a it omin ennett s i Rock uff Upp C l M b k C y , Wy g , B M ll , Bl ,

P atts mouth e e ue and Omaha Ne r . l , B ll v , , b

oa easures: I i nois issouri Io a ansas New exic o . C l M ll , M , w , K , M

1873. Productus Nebrascensis . ee and orthen eo . ur . I inois Re t. vol . 5 M k W , G l S v ll , p , ,

. 569 . 25 fi . 8. p , pl , g

Goal easures : San amon and Lasa e counties Ill . M g ll ,

1875 . Productus Nebrascemis . hite . . eo . ur . . 100th Mer . Re t . vol . 4 W , U S G g S v W , p , , — . 116 . 8 fi s . 3a d . ho e o ume u ished in p , pl , g (W l v l p bl

arboni erous : am A ache and arrizo ree arico a ount Ariz . C f C p p C C k , M p C y , ; Rub i e che ree Ran e and to of rass ountain El Ran e yv ll , S ll C k g , p G M , y g ,

Ne ada ead o ree south of Fi more tah . v ; M w C k , ll , U

1876 . Productus Nebrascenais . W hite . . Geo . eo . ur . Terr. econd Di ision , U S l G g S v , S v ’ Po e s Re t . eo . inta ountains . 90 . w ll p G l U M , p r : o nc of ran an r Lower Aubrey g oup C nflue e G d d G een rivers .

1877 Productus Nebrascensis . ee . . eo . Ex l . 4oth Par . Re t. vol . 4 . 65 . M k , U S G l p , p , , p

1883. Productus as eras . a New Y or tate eo . Re t . for 1882 . 19 50 p H ll , k S G l , p , pl ( ) , 5— figs . 7 .

oal easures: Las a e Ill . C M ll ,

1884 . Productus Nebrascensi s . hite eo . ur . Indiana Th rteenth Re t . . 122 W , G l S v , i p , p , — . 24 fi s . 7 9. pl , g

oa easures: Fountain ermi ion Par e and i o counties Ind . C l M , V l , k , V g ,

N 64 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF BIO GRA DE VALLEY .

his c s s n u n en ru ns T form la k the tro g , reg lar, co c tric cor gatio which

br . cross the surface of typical P . ne askensi s I have seen no evidence s n set r s n s in of the eco d of la ge pi e , which the latter project at right n s the sur u s ms u in xf a g le to face , tho gh it ee to be tr e that e oliated s ns n nebraskensis s s nes ot s pecime , eve of typical , the e pi are n ea ily seen . e At on time I thought to discriminate this form from P . nebraskan sis as s n but e n n hi w a di ti ct variety , hav withdraw the ame w ch as bes towed upon it . It is not certain that the characters in which the M nz n s if ns n and e u a a o form eemed to d fer are co ta t r al , tho gh ade quate if they prove to be so .

- Hori zon and localit . s n s n n n s n 3757 y Abo a d to e , Abo Ca yo ( tatio a) , Mesa del Yeso (station and Sandia Mountains (station

es f n M s s s 375 1a . Y o ormatio , e a del Ye o ( tation )

M IN IFE RA ? M Z I A . ARG AN AN C n sp .

P ate V II ure 3. l , fig

S s u n su u s ns rs . hell mall , o tli e bq adrate , lightly tra ve e n s n n x s n s n s n us Ve tral valve tro gly co ve , with a hallow , i di ti ct i , of which marks the anterior half the shell or a little more . Hinge

n s n an s in f n . E s s li e lightly lo ger th the greate t width ro t ar mall , depressed . Su rs s i u costse rface marked by relatively coa e , omewhat rreg lar , f w o about 18 in number . A e n t very distinct wrin kles cross the pos erior n s nu e of s n s s in t portio , while a mall mb r relatively large pi e pr g from the costae .

The dorsal valve is not kn own . A less typical specimen has this n n is n s ur valve , ge tly co cave over the v ceral portio , trongly c ved around the margin . The visceral area is marked by a number of fin e u n s n n n n s n hi rather , reg lar, i di ti ct , co ce tric wri kle , beyo d w ch,

in s no t s s . toward the marg , are coar e , very trong , radial rib s f is Mar ini era but Thi little orm probably a g f , the data at hand do not show clearly whether it is a member of that group or of

Productus .

is u s n s n f our n Penns lva It , with little q e tio , di ti ct rom commo y n n Mar iniferas . is s n M . wabashensis s ia g It maller tha , with coar er

s and ss n un s nus . is s n M . s lendens rib le pro o ced i It maller tha p ,

f . ha n na with a di ferent shape and fainter sinus . M yde ia is a similar f u its s is ff and its i s fin . M . in rata orm , tho gh hape di erent r b are er g is s s mi n n s s n n . is perhap more i lar tha a y other pecie me tio ed It ,

and has fi s ae. n however , broader ner co t The type which White ide tified as Productus mexi canus is also like the form under considera

n u and s s s . N ss tio , tho gh broader with di tinctly coar er rib everthele ,

' Marginif era ? manzanioc is possibly only a member of that series of PALEON OLOG T Y . 6 5

s s s of Productus n u s s P . ivesi P . clo ely related pecie which i cl de al o ,

n zi canus a d P . sa bhorridus . r e , n — Hori zon and localit . Sa An s f n s sta y n drea ormatio , Fra Cri tobal ( tion 3743) and San An dreas (station 3742f ?)

MARGIN IP ERA ? CRI STO BALE N SI S n . sp .

P ate V II ure 2 . l , fig

In general appearance thi s form much resembles that described as Mar i ni era ? ma nzani a f hi is s n u s n g f p , rom w ch it di ti g i hed by bei g

u s ae . V n l is s hi hl con witho t radial co t The e tral va ve very mall , g y vex s fiatten ed n s n but u s n , omewhat alo g the me ial li e , witho t a di ti ct s nus . is n s in x ss of en in i The width o ly lightly e ce the l gth , the h ge line being probably a little longer than the width at any anterior

n . s s l su u ss . su f i poi t The ear are mal , bq adrate , depre ed The r ace s

ss fine n s n n s s i n . cro ed by , i di ti ct wri kle over the vi ceral reg o The n costae seem to be altogether u ndeveloped . A umber of rather small s n s s u su f s n n f pi e are di trib ted over the r ace , pri gi g directly rom it without being mounted upon distinct bases . This form differs from any of the American Marginiferas in its noncostate n i n and s s n ff n s co dit o , re emble , amo g the di ere t pecies

n n s Productus la tidorsatus and P . subhorridus k ow to me , e pecially var . m atulus of Gu adalu ian f un n f . g the p a a , the latter more tha the ormer

is n and s t n P . subhorridus . ru atulus It arrower more globo e ha var g , f n s nus and ss s n n s es s n u with ai ter i le di ti ct wri kle , b ide bei g m ch s n smaller . I suspect that this al o will prove to belo g to that group

f hi P . s b rr of species of P roductus o w ch u ho i dus is a member . Hori zon and localit — San An e s f n s y dr a ormatio , Fra Cri tobal (station 3743) and San Andreas (station 3742f

NA X O S A G E N S I S . PU S ILL PU G var A n . var .

P ate III ures 2 and 3. l V , fig

s s es f but one in the n z n u We have thi peci rom locality Ma a o gro p ,

s e n n . where , however , it appear to have b e rather commo The eight s ns unif of s s z n u out pecime collected are ormly mall i e , early circ lar

n and hi n x . f has ns in one li e , gh co ve ity The old three plicatio (

ns n f u and s es one of n s n . i ta ce o r) the id three , them i di ti ct a ensi s This form is closely related to the common P . os g (usually P utah of P nns n n f un an d ff n in n . ) the e ylva ia a a , while di eri g certai osa ensi minor particulars from the common and typical form of P . g s it probably is indiscriminable from certain varieties which pass under fi n n f n z n that speci c ame . Because the specime s rom the Ma a o group so uniformly present this more or less individual expression and are associated with a fauna considerably different from the typical

4259— u 389— 09 - 5 8 B ll . 6 6 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF R10 GRAN DE VALLEY .

P nns ni n s em to me esi reco nize as e ylva a , it e ed d rable to g them a u n s n l since fur l e ns m a variety , tho gh o ly provi io a ly , ther co l ctio y show variations merging them wi th the typical form . — Hori zon and Zocalit . es ma i n Mesa del eso s a io n y Y o for t o , Y ( t t

3751b) .

SQ UAM ULARIA PERPLE XA McChesney .

1855 . S ir er lineatus . humard issouri eo . ur . Re t . . 216 . Not S . p if S , M G l S v , p , p ( p i lineatus Mart n . ) ures : i ouri Coal Meas [M ss ". — 1856 . S ir er lineatus . a Pac i c Rai road Re t. vol . 3 . 101 . 2 fi s . 6 8 . p if H ll , fi l p , , p , pl , g No S lineatus artin ( t p . M

arboni erous : Pec os i a e N . Mex . C f V ll g , — 1858. S ir er lineatus . arcou eo . North America . 50 l . 7 fi s. 0 . Not p if M , G l , p , p , g 5 5 (

lineatus artin . Sp . M )

oun tain imestone : Pecos i a e and Ti eras N . Mex . M l V ll g g ,

’

1859. S iri er lineatus . ee and Ha den Acad . Nat . Sc i . Phi ad e hia Proc . . 28. p f M k y , l lp , , p

er oa eas ures : Lea en orth ans . Upp C l M v w , K

1860 . S ir er er leza . Mc Chesne Desc . New ec . Pal . Foss . . 43. p if p p y , Sp , p Upper Coal Measures : Almost every part of the country where rocks of that ag e

occ ur .

’ 1861 . S ir er lineatus . Ne berr Ives s o orad o Ri er Ex l . Ex ed . Re t. . p if w y , C l v p p , p , p

127 . o S lineatus ar in . (N t p . M t ) Upper Carbon iferous : Cherty limestone west of Little Colorado River ; vicinity

of anta Fe N . Mex . S , — 1864 . S ir er lineatus . ee Pal . a i ornia vol . 1 . 13 . 2 fi s . 6 6 d. p if M k , C l f , , p , pl , g ’ ar oni erous : ass s Ranch hasta Count Cal . C b f B , S y ,

1866 S ir er lineatus . a o Acad . Sc i . St . Louis Trans . vol . 2 . 408. Not p if Sw ll w , , , , p (

lineatus art n . S p . M i ) es : ss ss e Coal Measur Mi i ippi Vall y .

1866 . S ir er lineatus var . er lexa . a o Acad . Sc i . St. Louis Trans. vol . 2 p i f p p Sw ll w , , , ,

408. p . i i i Coal Measures : M ss ss ppi Valley . - 1866 . S ir er lineatus var . striato lineatus . a o Acad . Sc i . St. Louis Trans . p i f Sw ll w , , , vol 2 408 . , p . . n i res : i ri Upper a d M ddle Coal Meas u M ssou .

1872 . S i r er lineatus ? ee . . eo . ur . Ne ras a Fina Re t. . 2 fi s . p if M k , U S G l S v b k , l p , pl , g a b 3 , .

er oa easures : P atte Ri er Ne ras a . Upp C l M l v , b k

1874 . S in era Mortinia er lexa . Derb orne ni . c ience ull . vol . 1 p f ( ) p p y , C ll U v (S ) B , ,

No . 2 . 16 . 3 fi s . 27 39 40 45 50 . 8 fi . 13. , p , pl , g , , , , ; pl , g

Goal eas ures : om ardim and Ita ituba raz and Ri er P c his Peru . M B j , B il , v i ,

1881 S ir era Martinia lineata ? hite . . eo . ur . . 100th Mer . Re t. p i f ( ) W , U S G g S v W , p ,

vol 3 A endix . xii . . , pp , p i i i r r i Coal Measures : Upper Mississ pp R ve eg on . M r hit eo Indiana E ev n 1882 . S iri er o tinia lineatus . e . ur . e th Re t. p f ( ) W , G l S v , l p , — 372 . 42 fi s . 4 6 . p . , pl , g

oa easures : Eu ene Ind . C l M g ,

1884 S ir er Martinia l neatus . hite eo . ur . Indiana Thirteenth Re t . p if ( ) i W , G l S v , p , — . 133 . 27 fi s 4 6 . p , pl , g . Coa eas ures : Fountain Par erm ion i o u an bson Pike l M , k , V il , V g , S lliv , Gi , ,

nox Pose anderbur and arric k counties Ind . K , y , V g , W , PALEON TOLOGY . 6 7

1886 . S ir er lineatus ? Heil rin econd eo . ur . Penn s ani Ann . Re t . for p if p , S G l S v ylv a, p

1885 . 453. , p

er oa easures ree imeston e : es arre Pa . Upp C l M , Mill C k l Wilk b ,

1886 . S ir er lineatus ? Heil rin Proc . and 0 0 11. omin ist. and Geo . Soc . p if p , Wy g H l ,

vol . 2 t . 2 . 269. , p , p

er oa easures i ree imestone : i kes arre Pa. Upp C l M , M ll C k l W l b ,

1887 . S ir era Martinia lineata ? erric Sci . Lab . Denison ni . Bul . vol . 2 p if ( ) H k , U v , l , , — 46 . 1 fi s 13a c. p . , pl , g .

oa easures : F int Rid e Ohio . C l M l g ,

1888. S ir era lineata . e es Acad . Nat. Sci . Phi ad e hia Proc . 230 . p if K y , l lp , , p .

Lo er oa easures : Des o nes Io a . w C l M M i , w

1891 S ir er Mortinia lineata . hit e d New Y or Acad . Sci Ann vol . 5 p if ( ) W fi l , k ., ., , — 603 . 16 fi s . 3 5 . p . , pl , g

oa eas ures : oc in ount Ohio . C l M H k g C y ,

1893. S ir er lineatus . a and ar e eo . ur . New Y or Pal . vol . 8 t 2 p if H ll Cl k , G l S v k , , , p . ,

10 11 17 21 30 39 . 38 fi s 2 4 7 8. Not S . lineatus art n . pp . , , , , , , pl , g . , , , ( p M i ) i n i (Advan ce distribut on i fasc cles .) : I Coal Measures owa .

1894 . S ir era er lexa . e es issouri eo . ur . Re t. vol . 5 . 84 . Date of p if p p K y , M G l S v , p , , p ( im rint p ,

er oa easures : ansas it MO . Upp C l M K C y , M r i a 1895 . S ir era a tinia l neat . hit e d eo . Sur . Ohio Re t. vol . 7 . 488 p if ( ) W fi l , G l v , p , , p , — 12 fi s . 3 5 . pl . , g

oa easures : oc in ount Ohio . C l M H k g C y ,

1895 . S ir er lineatus . a and ar e eo . ur . New Y or Pal . vol . 8 t . 2 p if H ll Cl k , G l S v k , , , p ,

10 11 17 21 30 39 . 38 fi s . 2 4 7 8. Not S . lineatus artin . pp . , , , , , , pl , g , , , ( p M ) es : Io a Coal Measur w .

1899. Reticularia er lexa . irt . . eo . urv. Nineteenth Ann . Re t . t . 3 p p G y , U S G l S , p , p ,

577 . 72 fi . l a . p . , pl , g s s : M Ale er r n Upper Coal Mea ure c st quad a gle . - 1900 . Reticu lari a er laza . eede n i . eo . ur . ansas Re t . . 102 . 12 p p B , U v G l S v K , p , p , pl , 4—4 c figs . . er and Lo er oa easures to ase of Permian : Fort cott Io a La renc e Upp w C l M b S , l , w ,

To e a ans . p k , K

1900 . Martinia lineata . erric and Bendrat Am . eo . vol . 25 No . 4 . 240 . H k , G l , , , p r s n L r r n r us : N ew ex i Coal Meas u e a d owe Ca bo ife o M co .

1 903 S uamu laria er lexa . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 16 . 392 q p p G y , U S G l S v , f p , p , — 6 fi s . 8 8a 9 9b 10 10a . pl . , g , , , ,

ermosa ormat on : San uan re on and Oura o o . H f i J gi y , C l

eber ormat on : rested utte and Lead i e distr c ts o o . W f i C B v ll i , C l

aroon ormation : rested utte distric t o o . M f C B , C l

Robinson imestone : Lead e distric t o o . l vill , C l

Of thi s species our collection from the Man zano group contains but x s one s silicified n e an two e ample , a mall ve tral valve , the oth r ex n in s n s of n hi us n ter al mold lime to e , al o a ve tral valve , w ch m t whe 2 f c omplete have been fully 5 mm . long . The ormer shows the sur

s s u . is ze b fine face character very ob c rely The latter characteri d y , r u but O s u ns rs ns s n eg lar b c re , tra ve e plicatio , which mark the po itio

O f closely arranged rows of very small spines . I am hardly prepared to state definitely that the Manzano form belongs to the Pennsyl v n n s s u ul ffi u s n a ia pecie , tho gh it wo d be di c lt to di crimi ate them AN AN O R F V 6 8 M Z G OU P O RIO GRAN DE ALLEY .

under existing conditions . The larger specimen suggests by its size Guadalu ian S uamnlaria uada lu ensis and f hi s the p form q g p , rom t species als o a separation will at present be difficult . — Horizon and localit . s f r n s s s n y Ye o o matio , Me a del Ye o ( tatio

375 10 San n s r n San n s s n 3742f . ) A drea fo matio , A drea ( tatio )

r' CO MPo s rA M EXICAN A Hall .

P ate III ure 1 . l V , fig

' ’ 1857 . Terebratula rmm cana . a Emor s Re t . . . and exican oundar ur . H ll , y p U S M B y S v ,

vol . 1 20 fi 2 . , pl . , g . [Carboniferous z Texas?" — 1908. Com osita mer rbana . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 58 . 389 390 p G y , U S G l S v , f p , pp .

De aware ountain ormation : omanche can on ass Mts . Texas l M f C y , Gl , .

The genus Composita is more or less abundant in several o f our ns f M nz n u and in n f collectio rom the a a o gro p , the dom a t orm , there can be no u i n is s H n Ter e q est o , the ame to which all gave the ame bratnla mer ica/na . is ize its s s z It character d by mall i e , rather trans

s s and s n f and s nus . ndin ver e hape , tro gly developed old i The be g downward of the sides near the fold tends to give the outline a

n n s . s ers no ns con pe tago al hape The e charact are , however, by mea s n . O s n s is n r ns of ns s ta t cca io ally the hape a row , i tead tra ver e , or z n i s r the si e somewhat larger tha n the mall typical va iety . More f n and s nus not as as in o te the fold i are well developed the latter , sometimes scarcely developed at all . I do not kn ow whether precisely this variety occurs in the Missis s but if so is li u u in ippi Valley , there ttle do bt that it wo ld that i ar region be called Composi ta subtil ta. (or gentea ) . It probably is not n n s and on n s commo there , at all eve t , , the other ha d , ome of the distinguishable Pennsylvanian varieties of Composita su bti lita z n e of are not kn own from the Man ano . While availi g mys lf the s fi si n n n u H s peci c de g atio i trod ced by all , I may tate that there - ’ appears to be no well marked boundary between C. mexicana and

0 . subtilita .

Hori zon and localit — s f n s s s i n y Ye o ormatio , Me a del Ye o ( tat o

375 1b San An s n San An e s s n 3742f . ) ; drea formatio , dr a ( tatio )

CO MPO S ITA S U BTILITA Hall ?

’ ’ ’ Terebratula Roiss i . D Orbi n non L Eveillé o a e dans l Améri ue y g y ( ) , V y g q

éridiona e Pal . . 46 . M l , , p h m i Carboniferous : Y arbic a b . - 1852 Terebratu la lana sulcata . O en eo . ur . isconsin Io a and nnesota . p w , G l S v W , w , Mi ,

Re t . . 5 fi . 9. p , pl , g i f s Carboniferous limestone : Near Counc l Blu f . ’ 1852 . Terebratu la subti lita a Stansbur s Ex ed . reat a t La e Re t . . . H ll , y p G S l k , p , p

409 . 2 fi s l a b 2a b. , pl , g . , , ,

ar oni erous : issouri Ri er near eston . C b f M v , W L N OL PA EO T OGY . 6 9

’ ?1853. Terebratula su btilita . humard arc s Ex l . Red Ri er of Louisiana Re t . S , M y p v , p , - Thirt second on ress second session enate Doc . No . 54 re rinted se eral y C g , , S ( p v

t mes ith d f erent a ination . 202 . 4 fi . 8. i w i f p g ) , p , pl , g

arboni erous : ashin ton ount Ark . C f W g C y ,

1855 . Terebratu la subtilita . chie Pac i c Rai road Re t . vol . 2 . 108 . 1 fi s. S l , fi l p , , p , pl , g 2a b , . l i f t rt Carboniferous imestone : 8 m les west o Wes po . — 1856 . Terebratula su btilita a Pac i c Ra road Re t . vol . 3 . 101 . 2 fi s . 3 5 . H ll , fi il p , , p , pl , g .

ar on i erous : Pec os i la e N . Mex . C b f V l g ,

1857 Terebratula su btilita . Da idson Mon . ritish ar . rach . Pal . Soc . v , B C b B , , p .

18 . 1 fi s . 21 22 . , pl , g ,

arboni erous : a en ais En and . C f M y W , gl - 1858 Terebratula lano sulcata . arcou eo . North America . 52 . 6 fi s . 8 8b. p M , G l , p , pl , g ,

ountain imestone : Ti eras N . Mex . Ohio Indiana I inois entuc M l g , ; ; ; ll ; K ky ; A n s rka sa .

1858. Terebratu la ro sii . arcou eo . North America . 51 . 6 fi s . 10 Mb. y M , G l , p , pl , g , ountain imestone : St La e it tah El Paso hihuahua head aters M l k C y , U ; , C ; w f th i h u t o e R o Colorado C iq i o . — 1858. Terebratu la subtilita arcou eo . North America . 52 . 6 fi s. 9 9 . . M , G l , p , pl , g f Mountain limestone : Sierra Mad re ; Sierra de Mogollon ; Great Salt Lake;

Ti eras and Pecos i a e N . Mex . summ t of ierra d e andia and ierra g V ll g , ; i S S S de o o on El Paso hihuahua unction of ri ers San Pedro and i a M g ll ; , C ; j v G l ,

Arizona sources of Rio o orad o hi uito hasta ount Cal . ancou er ; C l C q ; S C y , ; V v Is an l d .

1858 Terebratu la subtilita . a eo . ur . Io a Re t. vol . 1 t. 2 . 714 . H ll , G l S v w , p , , p , p Coal Measures : Ohio ; Indiana ; Illinois ; Io wa ; Missouri ; Kansas ; Nebraska

and Pec os i a e N . Mex . V ll g ,

1859. S iri era subtilita . ee and a den Acad . Nat. Sc i . Phi ade hia Proc p g M k H y , l lp , .,

28. p . r a es : Uppe Co l Meas ur Kansas . r r D i M n i i h ar h 1860 . Te eb atula? su btilita . a dson o . r t s . rac . Pal . Soc . . 86 . v , B C b B , , p ,

- . 1 fi s . 21 22 l . 17 fi s 8 10 . pl , g , ; p , g .

arboni erous : a en ais En and Toum a e ium . C f M y W , gl ; y , B lg

186 1 Ath ri s subtilita . a ter eo . Soc . London uart . our . vol . 17 . 64 y S l , G l , Q J , , p , pl .

4 fi . 4 , g .

arboni erous : Isthmus of o ac abana in the La e of Titicaca . C f C p , k ’ 1861 Ath ri s subti lita . Ne err Ives s o orado Ri er Ex l . Ex ed . Re t . . 126 . y wb y , C l v p p , p , p Upper Carboniferous : Cherty limestone on banks of Colorad o b etween Little

o orado and D amond ri ers Pec os a e east of anta Fe . C l i v ; Vill g , S

1862 . Terebratula subti lita . Da idson Mon . ritish arb . rach . Pal . Soc . v , B C B , , — 217 . 17 fi s . 8 10 . p . , pl , g r m : i m r l n Carbonife ous li estone Bolland ; Kendal n West o e a d . — 1866 . Ath ri s subtilita . Geinitz arb . und D as in Nebras a . 40 tab . 3 fi s . 7 9. y , C y k , p , , g ’ er oa easures : Omaha it P attsmouth ennett s i and Nebras a Upp C l M C y , l , B M ll , k ;

it Ne r . C y , b

1869 S in era A th ris subti li ta . Tou a ais . A ad . der W issensch . ien Sitzb . p f ( y ) l , K k W ,

vol . 59 1 . Abth . . 438 . 1 fi . 5 . , , p , pl , g

arboni erous imestone : 10 m es rom Cochebamba o i ia . C f l il f , B l v

1872 . A th ri s subtili ta . ee . . eo . ur . Nebras a F na Re t. . 180 . 1 y M k , U S G l S v k , i l p , p , pl ,

fi . 12 . 5 fi . 8 . 8 fi . 4 . g ; pl , g ; pl , g

’ ‘ er oa eas ures : Nebras a it ennett s i omin Cit edar Upp C l M k C y , B M ll , Wy g y , C

uf Roc uf P attsmouth e e ue and Omaha Nehr . Bl f , k Bl f, l , B ll v , , Coal Meas ures : Illinois ; Missouri ; Iowa ; West Virginia ; Ohio ; Kansas ; Pecos

il a e N . Mex . V l g , L M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VAL EY .

Ath ria subtilita . ee and orthen eo . ur . I no s Re t . vol . 3 . 570 y M k W , G l S v lli i , p , , p ,

25 fi . 14 . pl . , g

Coal Measures : Illi nois .

1874 Ath ri s su btilita . Derb ars orne ni . Sc ience u . vol . 1 No . 2 y y (p ) , C ll U v , ( ) B ll , , , = . 7 . 1 fi s . 5 8 not fi . 7 S iri erella Derb i . 3 fi s . 8 16 19 . 6 p , pl , g , ( g p g y ) ; pl , g , , ; pl ,

fi . 2 . 9 fi . 4 . g ; pl , g

oa easures : om ardim Itaitflba and Paredao razi . C l M B j , , , B l

S iri era su bti lita . W hite . . eo . ur . . 100th Mer . Re t . vol . 4 p g , U S G g S v W , p , , - 141 . 10 fi s . 6a c . ho e o ume u lished in 1877 p . , pl , g (W l v l p b ’ ar oni erous: Carizo ree arico a ount am A ac he Tenne s Ranch C b f C k , M p C y ; C p p ; y ; Kaibab Plateau ; confluenc e of White Mountains and Black rivers; Grass ountain 35 mi es north of Pioc he and oothi s of Dra oon ountains M , l , f ll g M ,

Arizona Fossi i hite Pine Count and am otton ood Nev . 15 ; l H ll , W y , C p C w , ;

mi es south of St . eor e near O hir it Roc an on asatch ran e l G g ; p C y; k C y , W g ,

near Pro o and near iners i e tah . v ; M v ll , U

S iri era subti li ta . hite . . eo . eo . ur . Terr . econd Di ision p g W , U S G l G g S v , S v ; ’ Po e s Re t . eo . inta ountains . 90 . w ll p G l U M , p Lo er Au re rou : on uenc e of rand and reen ri ers and near Echo w b y g p C fl G G v ,

Par tah . k , U

er Au re rou : eehi e Point near orseshoe an on tah . Upp b y g p B v , H C y , U ’ Ath ris subti li ta . ee im son s Ex l . reat asin tah Re t . . 350 y M k , S p p G B , U , p , p ,

. 2 fi s . 4a b . pl , g ,

Y e o imestone oa easures : um o dt ountains . ll w l , C l M H b l M ’ Ath ris subtilita . Ne err acom s . . Ex l . Ex ed . anta Fe to ran d y wb y , M b U S p p S G

and reen ri ers Re t . . 138. G v , p , p Upper Carboniferous : On the Colorad o ; west of the San Francisc o Mountains ; u i f r d d r en ri rs in th ierr la Pl t t nt Fe Pecos j nct on o G an an G e ve ; e S a a a ; a Sa a ; . ' M Z Ath ns su bti li ta . Der us . om . oo . u . vol . 3 . 279. y by , C p l , B ll , , p

oa easures : Y am o ata razi . C l M p p , B l

1876 . A th ri s subtili ta . ee . eo . eo . urv. Terr . u . vol . 2 . 355 y M k , U S G l G g S , B ll , , p ,

1 fi s . 2 2a pl . , g , .

arboni erous : Katlahwoke Roc ountains . C f , ky M

1877 . A th ris subtilita . ee . . eo . Ex l . 4oth Par . Re t . vol . 4 . 83 . 8 y M k , U S G l p , p , , p , pl ,

f s . 6 6a . ig , arbon erous mestone: Rub rou o een Pea n ear umbo dt Ri er C if li y g p ; M l k , H l v ,

Nevada .

1884 . A th ris subti li ta . hite eo . ur . Indiana Thirteenth Re t . . 136 . 35 y W , G l S v , p , p , pl , — figs . 6 9. n Coal Measures : I diana .

1887 Ath ri s su btili ta . erric Sci . Lab . Denison ni . u . vol . 2 . 44 . 1 y H k , U v , B ll , , p , pl , 1 1 a figs . 8 ( 6

oa easures : F int Rid e Ohio . C l M l g , ’ Ath ris su btilita . De oninc usée Ro a d Histoire Naturelle de e i ue y K k , M y l B lg q , — - — — Ann . vol . 14 . 73 . 18 fi s . 1 4 7 10 12 28 . 19 fi s . 47 56 . , , p , pl , g , , ; pl , g

1888. Ath ri s su btilita . e es Acad . Nat . Sci . Phi ade hia Proc . . 231 . y K y , l lp , , p

Lo er oa easures : Des oines Io a . w C l M M , w

1891 Ath ri s subtilita . hi t e d New Y or Acad . Sci . Ann . vol . 5 . 604 . 16 y W fi l , k , , , p , pl ,

- figs . 7 9.

oa easures : oc in ount Ohio . C l M H k g C y ,

S eminula subtili ta . a and ar e eo . ur . New Y or Pal . vol . 8 t . 2 H ll Cl k , G l S v k , , , p , — . 95 fi s . 66 67 on . 95 and fi s . 58 59on . 86 . 47 fi s . 17 31 . Ad anc e p , g , p , g , p ; pl , g ( v

distribution in fascicles .)

7 hester imestone: Ca d e ount K . hester Ill . ( ) C l l w ll C y , y ; C , oa easures: anhattan and iami ount ans ansas it and hariton C l M M M C y, K . ; K C y C

ount M . o ers ree and interset Io a Ohio . C y , o; C pp C k , W , w ;

N ALL 72 M AN ZAN O GROU P OF RIO GRA DE V EY .

" na s of s s . different from 0 . wr ica or young one a much larger pecie While no well-d efined lim its can be given to either one form or the s ms x n asse e un iff n other, it ee e pedie t to mbl them der two d ere t

u s . The es n u has n un e 0 . subtilita and gro p pr e t gro p bee placed d r , would unquestionably be so called if found in the Mississippi Valley . hile it o s not s n the do not fee W clearly d e repre e t typical variety , I l us ifi in n s M nz n i j t ed attempti g, e pecially from the a a o mater al , to establish any new subdivision . — Hori zon and localit . s f n s del s s n s y Ye o ormatio , Me a Ye o ( tatio 375 1b nd San n s n s s n a A drea formatio , Fra Cri tobal ( tatio

s n s n n n s n 3757a . Abo a d to e , Abo Ca yo ( tatio )

PELECYPODA .

‘ O MY IEN SO LE N A Q N IA W alcott .

M n 8 2 1884 . S an uino lites ? namia . a c ott . . eo . ur . o . . 49 . 19 fi . 9. g W l , U S G l S v , , p , pl , g

Lo er ar boni erous : Eure a d stric t Ne ad a . w C f k i , v

A single small specimen strongly resembling the form from the . - Eu dis but nl one f u t as . NO identific reka trict , o y o r h large better a tion c an at present be suggested . It is rather more probable that s f is S olenorn a n San uinolites in nus thi orm a y tha a g , which ge Wal cott provisionally placed it . — Hori zon and localit . San n s f n r s y A drea ormatio , Fra C i tobal (station L PI S H Z C IN O T A sp .

P ate X ure 5 . l , fig

is f is s n in our n s ns n Th orm repre e ted collectio by three pecime , no e

of n . them in very good co dition . They suggest at fir st sight 0 radi ate. . laevis and en s n of s s s s few var , ev a compari o pecimen how , and ss ot n ns n ff n s . Su as po ibly n importa t or co ta t , di ere ce ch have een n s en s of nz n f its ss b oted are the more l der hape the Ma a o orm , le inen n e x and n u n of prom t a t rior e tremity , the more co tracted o tli e s e x e has ss of u s s n the po t rior e tr mity , which le a q adrate hape by rea o ’ o f n s en n u the lower margi b di g pward more gradually . Until more u n z n f s s in complete data are available abo t the Ma a o. orm it eem ad

e 0 . ra visable eith r to identify it with di ata var . leer/i s or to describe

as new . In fa s uffi en is not n n mi it ct , ci t yet k ow to deter ne whether ’ e s to ee nd W orthen s s o li it b long M k a ingular genus or n t. T e general s is su es of Nucula but so far as n hape gg tive a , determined the hi ge a s to be eclen tulo us in w c o f c u s s ClinO ppear , hi h o r e it agree with

pi stha .

Hori zon and loca lit — San An reas f n es del so y d ormatio , M a Ye

' ‘ (s tatio n 375 1d) and Fra Cristob al (station PALEON TOLOGY .

ED MO N D IA G IBBO SA McCoy .

1844 . Astarte ibbosa. McCo S n . arb . Foss . Ire and . 55 . 8 fi . 11 . g y, y C l , p , pl , g r i : Ir Ca bon ferous eland .

1866 . Astarte ibbosa . Geinitz ar . und D as in Nebras a . 16 Tab . 1 fi s . 23 24 . g . C b y k , p , , g ,

arboni erous : P attsmouth Nebr . C f l ,

1 903. Ednwndia ibbosa . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er NO . 16 . 447 . 9 g G y , U S G l S v , f p , p , pl ,

fi s . 7 8 9. g , ,

Rico ormation : San uan re ion Col . f J g ,

i sco rou : raham Y oun CO . Tex . C g p G g ,

The fossils from the Man zan o group are unfortunately imperfectly s but h e s f f p re erved , t ey appear to agree v ry clo ely with the orm rom

Kansas which Geinitz identified as Astarte gi bbosa McCoy . In 1903 I identified with this same species a form from the Rico formation of Colorado which also appears closely allied to that under considera E m tion . At that time I cited the name as d ondia gibbosa Geinitz non

A starte i bbosa. McCo hi u un u s n g y, w ch wo ld q e tio ably be the proper ’ fo if McCo s n s s an Asta rte an nus rm y origi al pecie were , or y other ge h a Edmondia hi n f r u s n t an n , to w ch the America o m with little q e tio ’ h u M i belongs . But if one may j udge by is fig res cCoy s Astarte g bbosa is also an Edmondia and a form very similar to that from the Miss fi is sippi Valley which Geinitz identi ed with it . It seems probable that were good specimens of both brought into comparison distin uishi rs u dis but ot fi d rac g ng characte wo ld be covered , I do n n it p ticable on the strength O f the poor fossils which have come under s my ob ervation to attempt to discriminate between them . The form from the Manzano group has a subcircular or slightly ns s s i n x us s n tra ver e hape , with h gh co ve ity , rather gibbo , tro gly

- c u u n s and n . su f down rved mbo e , projecti g anterior portion The r ace is u s n n s marked by rather reg lar lamello e co ce tric ridge , which are

more closely arranged in some specimens than in others . This is not to be confused with the species described by Swallow

and n s n Edmondia i bbosa . e is re beari g the ame ame , g The latt r p sum abl a ff n and if s a Edmondi a y di ere t form , it prove to be n will

have to receive another name .

- Hori zon and localit . Abo s n s ne S n M un ns s n y a d to , a dia o tai ( tatio n n s n 3757a and s s s n Abo Ca yo ( tatio ) , Me a del Ye o ( tatio ’ s f n Blackinton s n s n 3750 Ye o ormatio , ra ch ( tatio

CHE N O MY A LEA V E N W O RT H E N S IS Meek and Hayden .

1858. A llori ma ? Leaven worthensis . ee and a d en Ac ad . N at . Sci . Ph ad e hia s M k H y , il lp ,

Proc . . 263. , p

oa easures : Lea en orth ans . C l M v w , K ‘ ( Kn l 1864 . Chamom a leavenworthem is . ee and a d en m thson an On t . o ed e y M k H y , S i i w g , — vol . 14 No . 172 43 . 2 fi s . l a c . , , p . , pl , g

oa easures : Lea en orth ans . C l M v w , K

1866 . Allorisnw Leavenworthemis . Geinitz arb . und D as in N ebras a . 15 . , C y k , p 74 MAN ZAN O GROUP or 310 GRAN DE V ALLEY .

1872 . C f a Leavm worlloemis. M k U. S . l . Surv. Nebraska Final Re t. hz nomy ee , Geo , p ,

. 216 l 2 . 9. p , p . , fig

er Coal Measures : Bock Blnfl Nebr. Leavenworth Km . Upp , ; ,

oal M res : Iowa Mimouri I linois . C easu , , l

1895. Chc nom a kam m rtloemic. e es Mimouri Geol . Surv. Re t. vol . 5 . 131 . y K y , , p , , p Date of im rint ( p ,

er oal Measures : ansas Cit Mo. Upp C K y,

1900 . Chm tmn a team wortlaemic. Beede niv . 6 0 0 1. Surv. Km Re t. vol . 6 y , U , p , , — . 19 fi s . 3 3b . p . pl , g

er oal easures : ansas Cit Lawrence Kan. Upp C M K y , ,

1903. Chz nom a team worthm is . Girt . 8. Geol . Surv. Prof . Pa er No. 16 . 436 . y y, U , p , p ermosa ormation : San Juan re ion and Sinbads alle 00 10 H f g V y , .

is e is e resen ed in our co l ction two s ecimens bo Th typ r p t l e by p , th e of them in a rather unsatisfac tory state of preservation . In th ir present obscured condition I am unable to discriminate them fro m s eci s i e a o and en more erfec s ecimens ould the p e c t d b ve , ev p t p c hardly do more than show that they are very closely allied to it. Horizon and localit — sandstone Abo Can on s ation 3757 a y Abo , y ( t ) and Mesa del Yes o (station

' NUCULA Lava rmonm s W alcott.

P ate X ures 7 and 8 l , fig .

8 ucula levat om c. a cott Mo 8 l 18 4 . N U . S . Geol . Surv. n . . 241 . 22 fi s . if W l , , , p , p , g 1 1 , a.

Lo er Carboni erous : Eure a district Nevada. w f k ,

S sm s a n n wi of m re an 7 mm . Sh e hell all , eldom att i i g a dth o th ap

su rian u wi not re in xcess of i . Su erior bt g lar, dth g atly e the he ght p f outline rounded . In erior outlin e more strongly curved than the r nd r in wi i supe ior a conve g g th t toward the front . Anterior outline

n r oun . Pos eri u ine subrectilinear n a er on a rowly r ded t or o tl , e rly p p dicular to that above and meeting it in somewhat of an angle defined by the umbones ; sometimes joining the lower outline more or less P s ri r en abruptly. Convexity high . o te o d of shell beneath the

beaks rather abruptly deflected or flattened . Sur face marked by

fine u ar n n s a . very , reg l , co ce tric tri e e a ou 6 s r e and 10 an e r nes 3 4 Th r are b t po te ior te th t rio o , the or

nearest the beak being rather small and obscure. ’ I feel little doubt that this species is the same as W alcott s N.

levati om uis . s s s N . er m if n in n the f It al o re emble p , d feri g havi g u ri u in n x ins of s ai or c n so is s pe or o tl e co ve , tead tr ght o cave , that it

somewhat broader behind . on and localit — s ma i n ami s at n 3751s Horiz y Ye o for t o , Al llo ( t io ) n s s i n 3742d San n s f rm n Fra and San A drea ( tat o ) ; A drea o atio , Cristobal (station 3743) and Engle (station P E AL ON TOLOGY .

NU U LA LEV ATIFO RM IS . O BLI C var Q UA 11 . var .

P ate X fi ure 9. l , g

At s tation 3743h occurs what appears from present indications to be a distinct variety of the Nevada s pecies to which the o ther fossils f u have been referred . This orm is distinguished by bein g m ch sm a an d s m u so din l and n ller o ewhat more obliq e , that the car a a terior m ins at an u an as in N . levati om is the arg meet ac te gle , where typical f i angle s usually almost a right angle . All of the specimens agree in ss ss n is u i c hi s e s r an ial po e i g th pec liar ty , a fa t w ch e m to wa r t a part s r eparation from the typical fo m . Hor izon and loca lit — s f n s s n y Ye o ormatio , Fra Cri tobal ( tatio

37 43h) .

MANZANELLA n . gen.

S s ns rs i n end . hell mall , tra ve e , elliptical , w der at the a terior Um bo n s su en s n u n n e rather large , bc tral , di ti ctly t r ed toward the lo ger side . The thickened hinge posterior to the umbones bears a small u n mber of taxodont teeth similar to those of Nucula . Anterior to the u n s are s s i in mbo e there developed two rather hort , lightly d verg g tee th which form an abrupt columnar thickeni ng of the cardinal i u m a rgin . In the right valve the lower of these two teeth s m ch r n i f la ger a d more prom nent than the other . In the le t valve the u pper is the larger . A large muscle scar seems to be situated at the an terior end of the shell at the foot of the column ar thickening which u f s pports the two anterior teeth . The character o the pallial line has o n t been determined . The i n or e tation of this shell can not b e positively made. On a nu of s i ns indi ns n in is in is mber pec me there are catio , ofte very d t ct it

ru of i en ust of x n . t e , a l gam tal area j above the row ta odo t teeth Th e beaks would therefore be normal in pointing toward the anterior en d but r s n u rs n run , the p e e t type wo ld trave e the commo of pele cypod shells in having the anterior end longer than the posterior. h s n n is T i orie tatio here adopted . The relationship of Manzanella to other genera is a matter of much un in and n i u v s certa ty , I a tic pate that it will ltimately prove ad i able

to new . In its x n n n make it the type of a family ta odo t de titio , at as u n one s and is u u n an le t po ide , the fact that it prod ced po the te io n s i end is nus s n su s s the r r rather tha the po ter or , th ge tro gly gge t uli but s u n i is u s u n Nu c dae, the pair of to t a ter or teeth of co r e q ite alie i to the typical Nuculo d dentition . The absence of a chon drophore an d the fact that the anterior extremity is broad instead of con

tractin g are also minor points of difference . 76 MAN ZAN O GROUP or mo GRAN DE V ALLEY .

MAN ZAN ELLA ELLIPTICA n . sp.

P ate X ures 3 and 4 . l , fig

S e l sm ans erse e i s i e the n e or h l all , tr v ly ll ptical , l ghtly wid r at a t ri end r is n i e . s i is in es s , othe w e early b lat ral The hape , wh ch other r pect u i ic as u n a e tu is in ru d rather reg larly ell pt al o tli ed by the p r re , ter pte u i is s n in and is in by the mbo , wh ch large , tro gly project g, d t ctly urn t ed toward the larger end of the shell . Al though one end is

n n is su en . n x clearly lo ger tha the other , the beak bc tral The co ve ity is rather high . The su is n s n s i e ul rface early mooth , marked o ly by omewhat rr g ar n stri n n s of conce tric se a d by occasio al inequalitie growth . In a few ns n s s of u s r n n n stri i ta ce trace reg lar, clo ely a ra ged co ce tric se have been noted . Upon the interior the hinge posterior to the beak is thi ckened and hears u u n i s and u s s s s abo t fo r arched de t cle ( fo r ocket ) , imilar to tho e i n Nucula . In front of the beak also the hi nge is thickened and su s s n i udi n li n i . pport a rather mall , lo g t al , plate ke , a ter or tooth S r n n of u dis n e p i gi g from the bottom the valve , tho gh for some ta c cons its in in s n n i is olidated with card al marg , a eco d a ter or tooth

e . is s u and i s s wi dev loped It very to t , d verge omewhat th the other , o i f s that a large socket s le t between . In the other (left) valve the n n is of u de titio co rse the complement of thi s . The upper of the n is in i two a terior teeth th s case larger an d more strongly projectin g . — Hor izon and loca lit s f r i n s n 375 1e . y Ye o o mat o , Alamillo ( tatio )

ED A O BE SA L White .

1879. N culana obesa . hite . . eo . eo . ur . Terr . ul . vol . 5 216 u W , U S G l G g S v , B l , , p . . ar oni erous : i d and Poc ets northern Arizona 15 m es south of Pi e C b f W l B k , , il p rin Sp g .

1880 . N aca lam obesa . hite . eo ur . F a den in char e ont . t W , U S . G l . S v , . V . H y g , C o - - Pal . Nos . 2 8 . 136 34 fi s 2a c. , p , pl . , g . er arbon i erous : i d an d Poc ets northern Arizona 15 m es south Upp C f W l B k , , il rom P e rin f ip Sp g .

1883. Nuculana obesa . hite . . eo . eo . ur . Terr . T e th Ann Re t . W , U S G l G g S v , w lf . p , - for 1878 t . 1 136 . 34 fi s 2a c , p , p . , pl , g . . er ar oni erous : d and Poc ets northern Arizona 15 mi es sou h Upp C b f Wil B k , , l t r Pi r n f om pe Sp i g .

Al u uns s i s is not u tho gh rather ati factor ly pre erved , there m ch ’ u s n but n z n q e tio that the Ma a o form belongs to White s species . One s im n ns i s us s in s u pec e retai part of the th ck hell , th how g the c lp u nsis s is n s s n t re , which co t of delicate ra ed li e eparated by flatte ed n s es of u e and i ter pac m ch greater width s Th y are apt to be wavy , e not s f l r n s runnin in s s s th y do alway o low the g owth li e , g ome ca e PALEON TOLOGY .

o blique to them . The fossils in the present collection are all some w what smaller than those upon which the species as founded . — Horizon a nd loca lit . s r i n M s s s i ns y Ye o fo mat o , e a del Ye o ( tat o

375 1 a and 375 l o Abo s n s n n n s n 3757 . ) ; a d to e , Abo Ca yo ( tatio a)

’ A ALLELO DO N fl . O B LETU S P B a SO Meek .

hi s but s n x has n s r as Of t form a i gle e ample come to ha d , pre e ved

an n n . is s size ou 18 . in i and i ter al mold It of mall , ab t mm w dth , the

posterior portion is marked by rather coarse radial ribs . The exact identification is at present hardly possible . — Hor izon and localit . s m n San An as s n y Ye o for atio , dre ( tatio

3742h) .

Av LIPrN N A ? PERACUTA Shumard .

1858. Pinna eracuta . humard Acad . Sci . St. Louis Trans . vol . 1 . 214 . p S , , , , p

er oa easures: Io a Point Ne ras a ansas . Upp C l M w , b k ; K

1860 . Pinna adamsi . McChesn e D esc . N ew ec . Pal . Foss . . 74 . y, Sp , p

oa easures : Las a e Ill . C l M ll ,

1872 . Pinna ercento . ee . . eo . ur . Nebras a Fina Re t . . 198 . p M k , U S G l S v k , l p , p , pl 6 fi s 11a 6 , g . , . ’ er oa easures : enn ett s Mi omin Ne ras a it P attsmouth Upp C l M B ll , Wy g ; b k C y , l ,

Rock uff and e e ue Ne r . Bl , B ll v , b

oal easures : Io a Ne ras a ansas Missouri and I inois . C M w , b k , K , , ll

1875 . Pinna araca tu hite . S . eo . ur . . 100th Mer . Re t . vol . 4 p W ,U G g S v W , p , ,

151 . 11 fi . 5a . ho e o ume u ished in p . , pl , g (W l v l p bl

ar on i erous : Near Re ie rin Ariz . C b f l f Sp g,

1884 . Pinna eracuta . hite eo . ur . Indiana Th rteenth Re t. . 145 . 28 p W , G l S v , i p , p , pl , fi s 1 2 g . , .

er idd e and Lo er oa easures : Indiana . Upp , M l , w C l M

1886 . Pinna eracuta . Heil rin om n st . and eo . Soc . Proc . and o . vol . p p , Wy i g Hi G l , C ll ,

2 t . 2 . 272 fi . 12 . 273 fi 12a . , p , p , g ; p , g .

er oa easures i ree imestone : i es arre Pa . Upp C l M , M ll C k l W lk b ,

1886 . Pinna eracuta . Heil rin econd eo . ur . Penns ania Ann . Re t . for p p , S G l S v ylv , p

1885 455 444 fi . 12 . 454 fi . 12a . , p . ; p . , g ; p , g

er oa easures i ree imestone : i es arre Pa . Upp C l M , M ll C k l W lk b ,

1892 Aviculo inna eracuta . att oston Soc . Nat . ist . Proc . vol . 25 . 338. p p Hy , B H , , , p

oa easures : idder Mo . La Sa e Ill . C l M K , ; ll ,

1895 . Pinna eracuta . e es issouri eo . Sur . Re t . vol . 5 . 116 . 45 p K y , M G l v , p , , p , pl , fi s 2a b date of im rint g . , ( p ,

er oa easures : an sas it Mo . Upp C l M K C y ,

1899. Pinna eracuta . irt . . eo . ur . Nineteenth Ann . Re t . t. 3 . 579. p G y , U S G l S v , p , p , p

er oa easures : McAlester uadran e Ato a uadran e Ind . Ter . Upp C l M q gl ; k q gl ,

1900 . Pinna eracuta . eede ni . eo . ur . ansas Re t . vol . 6 . 144 . p B , U v G l S v K , p , , p , pl

17 fi s . 3 3b , g , .

er oa eas ures : ansas it Lawrence To e a an s . Upp C l M K C y , , p k , K

903. Aviculo i nna ? eracuta . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 16 . 432 1 p p G y , U S G l S v , f p , p ,

9 fi s . 1 2 . pl . , g ,

ermosa ormat on : San uan re ion o o . H f i J g , C l

e er ormation : Lead i e d strict o o. W b f v ll i , C l 78 M AN ZAN O GROUP or mo GRAN DE VALLEY .

This form as it oc curs in the Manzano group is represented primarily s n s n i is s uis e its s n by a i gle pecime , wh ch di ting h d by very le der pro portions and subparallel upper and lower margins . This fragmentary specimen has a length of 155 mm . The height at the small end is

33 mm . and at the larger one about 45 mm . The rate of expansion is perhaps a little more gradual than in the specimen of Aviculopinna

eracuta fi u . is s as an n n p g red by Meek It pre erved i ter al mold , and while at present there are no characters which satisfactorily dis tin uish it f P nns n n s s ss n g rom the e ylva ia pecie , po ibly whe more com plete data can be obtained it will prove not to be the same . — Hor izon and localit Abo s n s n n n s n 3757a y a d to e , Abo Ca yo ( tatio ) , s s s n 375 1 a d S n s s Me a del Ye o ( tatio n andia Mou tain ( tation 3798. 8)

A IP B V ICUL IN N A N E RAS KE N S IS Beede .

’

1901 . Amc ulo inna nebraskensi s. eede ansas Acad . Sci . Trans . vol . 17 . 186 p B , K , , , p , — 13 fi s . l l d. pl . , g

Permian : a e ount Nebras a . G g C y , k

1903. Aviculo inna nebraskens is . irt U . S . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 16 . p G y , G l S v , f p , p

435 . 9 fi s . 1 2 . , pl , g ,

Rico ormation : San uan re ion o orado . f J g , C l

f ss s f s s s u i s ze s The o il re erred to thi pecie vary m ch n i , the large t n r fragme t having a height at the la ger end of 50 mm . They are at n u s f A once dis ti g i hed rom the form referred to . peracuta in being broader and in tapering more rapidly . So far as can be told this is the same species which occurs in the Rico formation and to which I

s n ifi n . is u the there gave the ame ide t catio It tr e , however, that present specimens leave many points in obscurity . The apical angle is u s as in A . nebraskensis but n xf n abo t the ame , owi g to e oliatio the sculpture and the posterior outline can often not be determined . In one or two ins tances the sculpture consists of regularly spaced lamellose lines having the character and direction shown by the

s ns . su u s n Colorado pecime U ally , however , tho gh perhap owi g to s n not s and e ss pre ervatio , they do appear to be lamello e are mor or le z obscure . Although attaining a si e larger than heretofore known for s s c an s an n f the n z n the pecie , I hardly do otherwi e th ide ti y Ma a o Avic i n’na n ras specimens with ul pi eb kensis . — Horizon and localit San n s f n s un y A drea ormatio , Caballo Mo tains (stations 3738 and and Elephant Butte (station 36 00) Abo s n s n n n s n 3757a and Sa un ns a d to e , Abo Ca yo ( tatio ) ndia Mo tai

s n 3798l s f n Sa An s s n 3742 . ( tatio ) ; Ye o ormatio , n drea ( tatio e)

M PT ERIA MARIA O N O N White .

’

1874 . Mono tena Mar ian . hite . . eo . ur . . 100th Mer . Prel . Re t. I p W , U S G g S v W ; p nv.

Foss . . 22 . , p

arboni erous oa eas ures : am A ache Ari zona . C f (C l M ) C p p ,

M AN AN O RO F 80 Z G UP O Ri o GRAN DE VALLEY .

' ' 1886 . Eumia otis Hawm . Heil rin Proc . and ol . omin ist . and eo . S p , C l Wy g H G l oc .,

vol . 2 t. 2 . 271 . , p , p er oa eas ures i Cree imestone : i kesbarre Pa Upp C l M , M ll k l W l , . '

1899. Ps monotis c f . eudo hawm . eede ansas ni . uart vol . 8 No . 2 . 83 B , K U v Q , , , p , pl .

19 fi s . 1 , g

er oa easures : Turner andotte ount ans . C ements To e a Upp C l M , Wy C y , K ; l , p k ,

La rence ans . w , K '

1900. Pseud omonotis Hawm . eede ni . eo . ur . ansas Re t. vol . 6 . 132 B , U v G l S v K , p , , p , — — l . 13 fi s . 11 11c l . 15 fi s . l l 2 2a . p , g ; p , g f , ,

er oa easures : Turner Lawrence near To e a ans . Upp C l M , , p k , K

1903. Pseudomonotis bawni . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 16 . 42 . G y , U S G l S v , f p , p 7

ermosa and Rico ormations : San uan re ion o orado . H f J g , C l

few s ns s of un ass P . w bkw is A pecime , ome them fo d ociated with ,

' are dis tinguished by having the scu lpture much more strong ly developed .

s s s s be s mi P . M iami bu i is u fu The e hell eem to very i lar to , t t do bt l whether they should be referred to that species or should be regarded

as un x s O f P . sublaevis in hi s r i n merely yo g e ample , w ch the t iat o , s n un s n e is s r alway more pro o ced at that tage tha lat r , more ha ply developed than common . — Hor izon and localit San An as f r n En s n y dre o matio , gle ( tatio 3740 es f n San An s s n 3742b Abo s n s n ) Y o ormatio , drea ( tatio ) ; a d to e , A bo Canyon (station 3757a) .

' PS E UD O MO N O rr S B LE IS . s U V n sp .

— P ate IX ures 1 3. l , fig

S e . S su e i u . H n s h ll large hape bovat , rather rreg lar i ge horter than

s s . the width below , ear mall u Surface of the left valve with O bsolescent sc lpture . In the um n n is fine i u ss s ae bo al regio it marked by , rreg lar, more or le wavy co t , few of i n u n s s t a wh ch , arra ged at rather reg lar i terval , are omewha r u s co larger than the othe s . In the co rse of growth the maller stse as u s n die out w i of n s f 1 12 a r le oo , h le a few the larger o e , rom to or

in nu u n s in s z ss on n . more mber , m ch i crea ed i e , pa to the ve tral border

More rarely some of the smaller costse are persistent . The whole

‘ su f is s ss s n r u nce ri r ace al o cro ed by clo ely arra ged , i reg lar , co nt c , lamellose lines and wrinkles .

hi s s es is P . ha wni but is is n uis its T peci related to , d ti g hed by O bsolescent sculpture and by the rarity or absence of spinelike scales f springing from the larger costaa. These could hardly ail to be pre s u n our s ns if n s n and r erved po pecime origi ally pre e t , they we e

n l e r s not . appare t y develop d ve y rarely, perhap at all Hor izon a nd localit — s f n San An s s ns y Ye o ormatio , drea ( tatio 3742h 3742c and 3742d San An s f n En s n , , ) drea ormatio , gle ( tatio 3740 P E N OLO AL O T GY . 81

MYALI APA H E I N A C S Marcou .

P ate IX fi ures 6 and 7 . l , g

H al u 18 m rica . 44 fi 58. ina a achesi . arco eo . North A e . 7 s 6 6a . y p M , G l , p , pl , g . ,

ountai n imestone : Near Pecos i a e New exico . M l V ll g , M

As identified in the present collection this species has an elongate

n u s s in n . n u n tria g lar hape , with rather hort h ge li e The a terior o tli e , n Of um n a s an n of u marki g the edge the bo al ridge , m ke a gle abo t ° 45 w hi n i e s u in s an n of ith the ge , wh l the po terior o tl e make a gle ° ° fr om 60 to possibly almost 90 with the same margin . The anteri or and s i ou in s us u po ter or tl e th grad ally approach each other below , u i u where they ro nd together n a regular c rve . The umbonal ridge is - hi in fr n n in n n u . s s very gh o t , projecti g a lo g dow c rved beak It pread f out and flattens down toward the in erior border . The anterior superior margin Of the shell bends downward and inward below the u n i in s n ms u in of s mbo al ridge , wh ch thi portio for the o tl e the hell r u i when viewed f om above . A distinct sinus occ rs n this deflected n but is s si exce t when s is at portio , it carcely vi ble p the hell looked

n s ns O f fr . su f is from the a terior ide , i tead om above The r ace marked u is s n ae n by reg larly d po ed , deeply imbricati g lamell , the developme t of hi u es n n s ae c u ns n w ch prod c co ce tric tri or orr gatio , a very oticeable n chara cter even on internal molds . The largest specime referred to

is s i s is s z . is bu t us su th pec e of large i e It imperfect , m t have mea red abou t 100 mm . along the umbonal ridge . It is not quite certain that the Manzano form is the same as that hi M u n M ali na a aches i for his s e w ch arco gave the ame y p , p cimens f n i u seem to have been imper ect a d h s ill strations poor . They show the same strongly elevated umbonal ri dge and deflected anterior margin which is a striking feature of the form under consideration ; ’ and Maroon s description seems to refer to the presence Upon his s m ns O f n n s ae due e n of ae peci e the co ce tric tri to the dev lopme t lamell , whi ch is also a character of the Manzano species . Myalina apachesi was s fr n Pe s N . Mex . and is de cribed om ear co village , , there good reason for believing that the Manz ano grou p ou tcrops near the rail s n P s in P s in i m road tatio called eco , the eco Valley, the m ediate i f u i V icinity of which it s presumed Marcou o nd h s specimens . On n M u niz s n f as n f us the other ha d , arco recog ed the re e t orm Carbo i ero , p ” “ B whereas he everywhere refers the Red eds to the Trias . In ferentiall not n his f ss s in y, therefore , he did obtai o il place , or they un n M n u nz n s came from the derlyi g agdale a gro p , or the Ma a o had lo t ” its c s c Red B ds s . On e n u haracteri ti e a pect the oth r ha d , Marco s mir icula says that M. apachesi is associated with Productu se et tns and ’ m r of Marcou s t Spirif er stfia tus . P . se i eticula tns repor I believe to be - P . i c esi i S iri er str iatus has s n e S . ma rconi . N e , wh le p f i ce b come eith r

r r i n f n u . P . ives S . ma coni no P . ivosi s know rom the Magdale a gro p i 425 — 389— 09— 6 8 9 Bull . 82 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF Rro GRAN DE VALLEY.

is s ss nz no and S . marconi a rather characteri tic fo il of the Ma a , , while s n not n n f nz n u s in Hu a at pre e t k ow rom the Ma a o , occ r the eco form

n nz n is i in i n . tio , with which the Ma a o bel eved to be correlat o The n u u n s s sm l M ali na s l Magdale a gro p, however , f r i he a a l y very imi ar and perhaps identical with the form under consideration . Of the figured specimens the larger retains evidence of a fairly well n e in s s en and s developed a t rior lobe , thi ca e partly brok away, a imilar s ru u has n s on s s n s is t ct re bee re tored the maller pecime al o , which

is en . s b is usu s n but in i us es likew e brok Thi lo e ally pre e t , var o degre e n i in x s s is n of d velopme t , wh le the larger e ample e pecially it ofte s u n s n is largely ob c red , whe the pecime viewed from above , by the retraction of the anterior-superior margin and the overhanging of i an u the umbonal ridge . Where the lobe s well developed d obvio s a achesi n this form looks less like M. p a d more like the type from the

o h n fi as M. w omin ensis Rico f rmation of Colorado w ich I ide ti ed y g . In n n is m s ou t not the latter the a terior margi ore pread , vertical or

but b n s s s . retracted , they may prove to elo g to the ame pecie a n fi e Myalina, pachesi as here ide ti ed app ars to be closely similar a kans asens s s ss to My lina i of the Mi si ippi Valley Pennsylvanian . is s e t n un ff en e in nfi u i n There perhap a c r ai amo t of di er c the co g rat o , s e u n n and sen f r so as o h e p cially of the mbo al regio , the pre t o m , far s is n e w u f n n in lamellse erved , e tir ly itho t the rilled co ditio to which the u of the Kansas species us ally develop . Typical Myalina apachesi is very closely related to the form which su s u n s b Eu s N as Walcott b eq e tly de cri ed from the reka di trict , evada , f Myalina congeneris . The associated aunas are similar and it is very probable that the Nevada species will prove to be a synonym of tha t described by Marcou .

- Hor izon and loca lit . s f r n s s s o n y Ye o o matio , Me a del Ye o ( tati 375 10 and San Andr as s n 3742h San An r s n ) e ( tatio ) ; d ea formatio , Mesa del Yeso (station 375 1d) and Elephant Butte (station s n s n Abo n n s n 3757a S n M un ins Abo a d to e , Ca yo ( tatio ) , a dia o ta (station and Mesa del Yeso (station

SCHIZO D U S W H E E LE RI Swallow ?

P ate X ure 6 . l , fig

1858. S chizodus obscuras . a o St. Louis Acad . Sci . Trans. vol . 1 193 Sw ll w , , , , p . . Not Azinus obscura s o erb ( S w y , n ns Lower Permia : Ka as .

C ricardia f W heeleri . a o St. Louis Acad . Sci . Trans . vol . 2 . 96 yp ( ) Sw ll w , , , , p .

er oa eas ures : a d e ount issouri . Upp C l M C l w ll C y , M

S chizodus obscurus . Geinitz arb . und D as in Nebras a . 20 tab . 1 fi s , C y k , p , , g .

Nebras a t Nebr . k Ci y , - S chizodus W heeleri ars . ee . . Geo . ur . Neb ras a Fina Re t . (p ) M k , U S l S v k , l p , — . 209 . 10 fi s . l a d . p , pl , g

er oa eas ures : a d e ount Mo . Nebras a it Nebr. Adams Upp C l M C l w ll C y , ; k C y , ;

and nion coun ties Io a. U , w ur s : I ino s Coal Meas e ll i . PALEON TOLOGY . 83

1876 . S chizodus W heeleri . hite . . eo . eo . ur . Terr . ec ond Di i sion W , U S G l G g S v , S v ; ’ Po e s Re t. eo . Uinta Mts . . 91 . w ll p G l , p

Lo er Aubre rou : on uence Of rand and reen ri ers tah . w y g p C fl G G v , U

1 877 S chizodus W heeleri . hite . . eo . ur . . 100th erid . Re t. vol . 4 W , U S G g S v W M , p , ,

. 154 . 11 fi s . 6a b. p , pl , g ,

ar oni erous : Near ear r n am W in ate N . Mex . C b f B Sp i g , C p g ,

1884 . S chizodus W heeled . hite Thirteenth Re t. eo . ur . Indiana . 147 . W , p G l S v , p , pl — 30 fi s . 3 5 . , g Coal Meas ures : Indiana '

886 . S chizodus W heelem. Heil rin econd eo . urv. Penns ania Ann . Re t. 1 p , S G l S ylv , p

for 1885 . 456 . 442 fi . 7 . , p , p , g

er oa easures i ree imestone : esbarre Pa . Upp C l M , M ll C k l Wilk ,

1886 . S chizodus W heeleri . Heil rin omin ist. and eo . Soc . Proc . and o . p , Wy g H G l , C ll ,

vol . 2 t. 2 . 275 . 270 fi . 7 . 274 fi . 70 . , p , p ; p , g ; p , g

er oa Meas ures i ree im estone : i esbarre Pa . Upp C l , M ll C k l W lk ,

1887 S chizodus wheeleri . erric u . Sci . Lab . Denison ni v. vol . 2 . 42 . H k , B ll U , , p , pl

3 fi . 15 . , g

oa eas ures : F nt Rid e Ohio . C l M li g ,

1895 . S chizodus wheeleri . e es ars ssouri eo . ur . Re t. vol . 5 . 123 K y (p ) , Mi G l S v , p , , p ,

. 46 fi . 36 . Date Of im rint pl , g ( p ,

er oa eas ures : ansas it MO . Upp C l M K C y ,

1896 . S chizodus wheeleri. mith tan ord ni . Pub . ont . io . IX . 36 . 22 S , S f U v , C B l , p , pl , fi 4 g . .

Lo er oa eas ures : on a oun t Ark . w C l M C w y C y ,

1897 . S chizodus wheeleri . mith American Ph . Soc . Proc . vol . 35 . 36 . 22 S , il , , , p , pl , fi 4 g . .

Lo er oa eas ures : on a ount Ark . w C l M C w y C y ,

1900 . S chizodus W heeleri . eed e ni . eo . ur . ansas Re t . vol . 6 . 155 B , U v G l S v K , p , , p , — 2 fi s . l Ic pl . 2, g .

er oa easures : ansas t MO . Upp C l M K Ci y ,

Shells belonging to the genus S chizodus are rather plentiful in the M nz n s but c u so xf l and n ll f a a o bed , they o c r e o iated ge era y imper ect h i l s u f that it as proved mpossible to make a specia t dy o them . It is s eldom that the true ou tline or configur ation c an be more than es ti

. S s can d s n one o f is f un m ated everal varietie be i crimi ated , which o d

t s n 3742 and rs c l s l S . wheeler a tatio , appea to be o ely re ated to i Swallow ; not the form which Meek identified with that species and

s n i n but the l one. e to which I gave a di ti ct ve ame , typica Mat rial from other poin ts shows the same general character and appears to

belong to the same species . One apparent difference is that the M nz n f has n s n u n l l a a o orm a very i di ti ct mbo a ridge , whi e that of

l S . wheeler i is su n u bu t s n n is in due typica ba g lar , thi co ditio part to the fact that the former are internal molds and show the umbonal l ridge ess prominen tly than testiferous examples . The shells from s n 3742 s s s s tatio , together with other referred to the ame pecie , pre s n a n n in n of n and d e t certai variatio the proportio le gth brea th ,

such that while the transverse forms resemble S . wheeler i the less

a n H ls . rt rm f ex tended ones suggest S . fi is errick and a o S cn if o is o the

E u s N . S s ns ef S . wheeleri reka di trict , evada ome pecime r erred to z a ttain a very considerable si e . A LE 84 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE V L Y .

Where the surface of these shells is preserved it is seen to be u s s n n se n s u n n in marked by reg larly di po ed co ce tric rai d li e , abo t i e

s f u not f u in S . wheeleri . 5 mm . This seem to be a eat re o nd typical

t has i n fi S . wheeler i f n N . Mex . and Whi e de ti ed rom Fort Wi gate , , his form is probably the same species as that here receiving the same reference . Horizon and localit — s n San An s s ns y Ye o formatio , drea ( tatio 3742b 3 37420 3742d and 3742e s l s ns 3743a , , , ) , Fra Cri toba ( tatio and 3743b l s n 375 1e s del s s n ) , Alami lo ( tatio ) , Me a Ye o ( tatio ’ s n 3747a l and Blackinton s n s n Carthage ( tatio ) , ra ch ( tatio San An s f n E n Bu s n En l sta drea ormatio , lepha t tte ( tatio g e ( ns 3595 3 and s un ns s n 3738a l N tio Caballo Mo tai ( tatio ) , ogal Creek (station San Andreas (station and Carthage (sta ns 3746 ? and 3746 a ? Abo s n s n Abo n n s n tio ) a d to e , Ca yo ( tatio 3757a ) and Sandia Mountains (s tations 3796 ? and

M A N S D . SC H IZO D U S aff . G U rake

What appears to be a second s pecies o f S chizodus is represented by a few specimens whose mos t s triking characteristic is an elevate d i and very angular umbonal ridge . They are n addition co nsiderably l n s l and u un and e s z is con e o gated po terior y abr ptly tr cated , th ir i e siderable u not n l n s o f s l s ef e , tho gh otably arger tha ome the he l r err d

r . s n su s D s e to S . wheele i They tro gly gge t the form which rake de crib d as S . ma nus x is not so n l n t and g , e cept that the beak ear y ce ral the

n x in ns u n is s . E n if a terior e tremity co eq e ce maller ve , however , this proves a cons tan t difference I feel that my Manzano material is almost too imperfect to j ustify describing it as new . — Hor izon and localit . San An s f n s del so y drea ormatio , Me a Ye s n 375 1d s f n s del s s n ( tatio ) Ye o ormatio , Me a Ye o ( tatio

’ D E LTO PE CTE N O C C ID E N TALIS Shumard .

Pecten occiden talis . humard ssour eo . ur . Re t . . 207 . fi . 18. S , Mi i G l S v , p , p , pl C , g

oa easures : Near P attsbur inton ount Mo . C l M l g , Cl C y ,

1858. Pecten Cleavelandicus . a o Acad . Sc i . St . Louis Trans . vol . 1 . 184 . Sw ll w , , , , p

Perm an : a e of outh otton ood ansas . i V ll y S C w , K ’ Pecten occiden talis . Ne berr Ives s o orad o R er Ex l . Ex ed . Re t w y , C l iv p p , p . ,

128. p .

oa Meas ures : an s of the tran er abo e Eas ton ans . C l B k S g , v , K

Avicu lo ecten ee and a den mithson an ont. no ed e vol . p M k H y , S i C K wl g ,

14 NO . 192 . 50 . 2 fi . 10 . , , p , pl g

Permian : Near ha man s ree 18 mi es abo e Fort Ri e ans . C p C k , l v l y , K

’

Amcu lo cten occiden talis . ee and orthen eo . Sur . I inois Re t . m M k W , G l v ll , p ,

vol . 2 . 331 . 27 fi s . 4 5 5a . , p , pl , g , ,

er oa eas ures : a ne ree a atin ount Ill . Upp C l M S li C k , G ll C y ,

1866 . Pecten missouriensis ? Geinitz arb . und D as in Neb ras a . 35 tab . 2 fi . 18. , C y k , p , , g

er oa eas ures : Nebras a t Nebr . Upp C l M k Ci y , P LEO N OLOG A T Y . 85

alis . . o r . Nebras a F na Re t . . 1872 . AvicuIO ecten occident . ee e u p M k , U S G l S v k , i l p , p

191 . 9 fi . 10 . , pl , g ’ er oa easures : Roc uf ennett s i omin and Ne ras a Upp C l M k Bl f, B M ll , Wy g, b k

it Nebr . I ino s issouri Io a ansas entuck . C y , ; ll i , M , w , K , K y

oa eas ures : ac i s Da ota . C l M Bl k H ll , k

1876 . Aviculo ecten occiden ta lis . hite . . eo . eo . ur v. Terr . econd p W , U S G l G g S , S ’ Di ision Po e s Re t . eol . nta ountai ns . 90 . v ; w ll p G Ui M , p

Lo er Aubre rou : 2 m es abo e e e ie tah . w y g p il v B ll v w , U

M r . t 1877 . Aviculo ecten occidentalis . hite . . eo . ur . . 100th e Re . p W , U S G g S v W , p ,

vol . 4 . 146 . 12 fi s . 8a b. , p , pl , g ,

ar oni erous : am A ache Ariz . C b f C p p ,

1884 . Aviculo ecten occidentalis . hite eo . ur . In diana Thirteenth Re t. . p W , G l S v , p , p

143 . 28 fi . 2 . , pl , g

oa easures : Pi e and i son counties Ind . C l M k G b ,

1886 . Avi culo ecten occidentalis . Heil rin econd eo . urv. Penns vania Ann . p p , S G l S yl ,

Re t. for 1885 . 455 fi . 5a . 442 fi . 5 . p , p , g ; p , g

er oa easures i ree imestone: i esbarre Pa . Upp C l M , M ll C k l W lk ,

1886 . Aviculo ecten occidenta lis . Heil rin omin st. and eo . Soc . Proc . and p p , Wy g Hi G l ,

o . vol . 2 t . 2 . 270 fi . 5 . 271 fi . 50 . C ll , , p , p , g ; p , g

er oa easures i ree imestone : i es arre Pa . Upp C l M , M ll C k l W lk b ,

1 891 Aviculo ecten occiden talis . hite . . eo . ur . u . NO . 77 . 29 . 4 p W , U S G l S v , B ll , p , pl , 1 fig . .

Permian : i itar rossin a or ount Tex . M l y C g , B yl C y ,

1895 . Aviculo ecten occidentalis . e es issouri eo . ur . Re t . vol . 5 . 110 p K y , M G l S v , p , , p ,

. 42 fi . 3. Date Of im rint pl , g ( p

er oa eas ures : P attsbur and ansas t MO . Upp C l M l g K Ci y ,

1896 . Avicu lo ecten occidentalis . mith tan ord ni . Pub . ont. io . IX . 34 p S , S f U v , C B l , p .

Lo er oa easures : on a oun t an d e se here Ar ansas . w C l M C w y C y l w , k ’

1897 . Amcn lo ecten occiden talis . mith Am . Phi . Soc . Proc . vol . 35 34 p S , l , , , p . . Lo er oa easures : on a ount Ark w C l M C w y C y , . '

1899. Aviculo ecten occiden ta lis . irt . . eo . ur . Nineteenth. An n . Re t. p G y , U S G l S v , p ,

t . 3 . 578. p , p er oa easures : McAlester uadran e Ato u ran Upp C l M q gl ; ka q ad gle .

' AvicuIO ecten occidenta lis . eede ni . eo . ur . ansas Re t . vol . 6 p B , U v G l S v K , p , , p .

114 . 13 fi . 7 . , pl , g er oa easures : Turner Eudora La rence To e a abaunsee ount Upp C l M , , w , p k , W C y ,

Kans .

Aviculo ectin occidenta lis . n ht ni . omin omin Ex . Sta . u . p K ig , U v Wy g , Wy g p , B ll

NO . 45 . 3 fi . 3. , pl , g

1902 . Aviculo aecten occiden ta lis . eede O a . eo . urv . Adv . u . First ien g B , kl G l S , B ll , B .

Re t . . 9. p , p

Red eds : hitehorse rin s O a . B W Sp g , kl

1903. Avicul0 ecten occiden talis . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er NO . 16 . 414 p G y , U S G l S v , f p , p ,

. 8 fi 1 . pl , g .

ermosa and Rico orm tions : San uan re ion o o . H f a J g , C l M roo rm r a n o ation : ested utte distr ct o o . f C B i , C l

This species occurs in the Man zano group in considerable abun n at s n 3757 and u s ns s u exfo da ce tatio a , tho gh the pecime t died are lis ted and imperfect it seems highly probable that the New Mexico ’ s ns n Sh m rd s s . h i n pecime belo g to u a pecies White as cited D . occ de

tal is f A and his s ns n . rom Camp pache , pecime agree well with mi e . — Hor izon and localit . Abo s nds ne Abo n on s n y a to , Ca y ( tatio

3757a) . AN AN O L 86 M Z GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VAL EY .

D E LTO PE CTE L 'r B N V AN V E E r eede .

P ate IX ure 5 . l , fig

1877 Aviculo ecten McCc i . W hite . . eo . ur . . 100th Mer vol 4 149 p y , U S G g S v W ., . , p . ,

11 fi . 2a . pl . , g

ar oni erous : Near ear rin am in ate N . Mex C b f B Sp g , C p W g , .

1902 . Aviculo ecten vanvlceti . eede O ahoma eo . ur . Adv u l First p B , kl G l S v , . B l ., — ien . Re t . . 6 . 1 fi s . 8 8b. B p , p , pl , g

Red beds : hitehorse rin s O a . W Sp g , kl

1907 . Aviculo ecten vanvleeti . eede ansas niv . Sc i . u . vol . 4 No . 3 . 159 p B , K U B ll , , , p ,

- 5 fi s . 2 2e. pl . , g

er Permian : W hiteh rse rin s O a . ; Dozier Tex . Upp q Sp g , kl ,

S n n a r s ze 50 mm . m re in n . hell attai i g rather la ge i , or o le gth h Hinge line somewhat shorter than t e greatest width . Outline of left valve contracting below the hinge and spreading again to its x u u one— n u ma im m , abo t third the whole le gth p from the lower n h margin . Axis nearly perpe dicular to t e cardinal line . Ears

r n u a fin an a ru e sse . large , t ia g l r , well de ed , the terior b ptly d pre d S u ur ns s n of nu us fine i n re se i s ze c lpt e co i ti g mero radii , wh ch i c a n i n from apex to lower margin . New o es are rather irregularly intro duced e n so rn n and of an by int rcalatio , that they are alte ati g m y z u six grades of si e . Abo t primary ones are much larger than any o f

s and u r n . the other , very m ch la ger tha what may be called the average s n n n s s s a n They ta d at varyi g i terval , mo t widely epar ted ear the

s . s fine n n middle , clo er together laterally There are al o , co ce tric , s n s n s s in s u s ae lamello e li e which te d to form calelike p e pon the co t , the size and frequency of the spines bearing a direct relationship to the size of the costse themselves . Those upon the large primary rib s u in n s u on and n s n are large , prod c g ode p them, they are a lo g di ta ce apart . is fi The posterior ear de ned by the last Of the primary costae. It is few fine s and n n marked by a , widely paced radii by co ce tric lamel

se n s . n car as r s is s n nd e lo li e The a terior , al eady tated , tro gly a rath r

u ss . s fine os abr ptly depre ed It appear to be marked by , cl ely a an but su u i s l s u of rr ged , beq al rad i imi ar to tho e pon the body the shell . There is a broad oblique cardinal area with a shallow triangular c t n an r n hi zes ar ilage pit be eath the beak , a ra gement w ch characteri n the genus D eltopecte . The foregoing description is based upon specimens from New M x u n one hi W hi s e and fi u e ico , chiefly po the w ch te de crib d g red n ifi n A li c ' d H under the ide t catio vicu pecten mc oyi Meek an ayden . e D elto ecten mcco i can u s i n While relat d to p y , there be little q e t o that s the Western form is a di tinct species . In the type specimen of

' D . mccoyi the primary radii are very nearly the same size as those of the s n e e so it is not s s n uis in s eco d d gr e , that ea y to di ti g h them ome s n n f e and ss u ca es . The i terveni g radii are there ore larg r le n merous

A 88 M N ZAN O GROUP OF BIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

is fine s i s is un n in M nz n u but is usu Th pec e ab da t the a a o gro p, ally i f s u in i in es e s i ns mper ectly pre erved , m ch fer or that r p ct to the pec me u ’ pon which the species rests . But little can be added to White s

s ri i n . is ss i s a n de c pt o It po ible , however , to g ve ome dat regardi g the

ri . is is nsi ss n x n f but n o ght valve Th co derably le co ve tha the le t , by ans n i has s s s as me e t rely flat . It almo t the ame hape the other , the

byssal sinus being not as deep as in some species . The surface I am inclined to believe is destitute of any radial markings but crossed by

fin e in s t s of i sublamellose. l e of grow h , ome wh ch are W hite describes the sculpture of the left valve as consisting of fin e ra n s ae fine in s ae but dis diati g co t marked by radiat g tri , I am rather

posed to doubt that this is the real sculpture . Amongst the typical one s i n i i - s su ce s s material pec me , w th fa rly well pre erved rfa , how

rather delicate concentric strise but no radiating ones on the ribs . The specimens which show this particular feature are more or less n so n n ri in s s u l fine radiat wor , that the co ce t c l e are ob c red , whi e the ing striae have much the appearance of having been produced by i s n inu us u u s in su s n Of sh del cate , probably di co t o t b le the b ta ce the ell i u i x i i n i s n O f wh ch , bro ght to v ew by wear or e fol at o , g ve the embla ce

fine liration superimposed upon the costse.

D . core onus s n i a g prove to have a broad beveled cardi al area , w th

triangular cartilage pit beneath the beaks . This structure is char acteristic nus Dimi ecten now i s n n m of the ge p , which I bel eve to be a y o y

O f D eltopecten . ’ D . cor eyanu s will need to be compared with Walcott s Croni

ecten Milo na s . s of t s s but s i Of the p The type bo h pecie , e pec ally N s in u u n n in s but evada form , leave the ob erver do bt po ma y po t , my comparisons seem to show that the two are extremely similar in

specific characters .

n Of 0 . hallo nns s ns s nul i ns The broad hi ge plate bear tra ver e cre at o , n ot O s on D elto ecten core ann s but e a character b erved p y , I have com to doubt whether this character of a crenulated hinge m ay n ot after all be an individual peculiarity or the result of some circumstance P rni of preservation . A parallel case may be found in the genera e ecten and Entolinm f i has nu h n an d p , the ormer of wh ch a cre lated i ge

not. W has Entolinm s n n Per ni ecten the latter eller made a y o ym of p , un and I am adopting the same course . If in the case immediately der consideration the difference in the character of the hinge plate can for one s n n he ss it s rea o or a other pa ed over , appear probable at present that Crenipecten Milona s will prove to be a syn onym O f

Deltopecten coregonus . D eltopecten coregonus appears to be rather closely related to the

form recently described as Aviculip ecten okla bo mensis Beede . Some of the specimens (all fr agmentary) which I have placed with the f r anus ormer species resemble the latter in a striking manner . D . co ey PALEON OLOG T Y . 89 a ns siz u an s ttai a e m ch larger than y pecimens Of D . okla homensis yet kn n but s s f and s of s s ow , de pite thi act the hape the Oklahoma pecie , w not ss n is ns n hich if deformed by compre io co iderably arrower ,

s i n i . On n the two form may yet prove de t cal the other ha d , the s m ri i B fi s as n all ght valve wh ch eede gure belo ging to D . oklahomensis is very different in shape from the right valve which seems to belong D c r to . o egonus . It appears to have the same characters as the right v a Of D . vanvleeti and if n s D . oklahom nsis lve , it really belo g to e there c an i u s i n l is s be l ttle q e t o that the atter di tinct from D . coregonus . In the Man zano specimens the right valves were in some cases found in n u si i n i f s u xf at ral po t o w th the le t , which , tho gh badly e oliated , se r em to belong with D . co egonus . Among the very imperfect Man z a n f ssi s s O f hi n D . core onus o o l , ome w ch are probably ide tical with g , n it may well be that more tha a single species is included . — ori zon and loca lit . s n s on s s s n H y Abo a d t e , Me a del Ye o ( tatio s 3751 and 3751s S n un ns s ns 3796 3797 and ) , a dia Mo tai ( tatio , , an d Abo n n s i n 3757 ? s n s s Ca yo ( tat o a ) Ye o formatio , Me a del Ye o (s tation 375 10 ) and San Andreas (station 3742d ?) San Andreas for n s es s n 375 1d and N s n 3744 matio , Me a del Y o ( tatio ) ogal Creek ( tatio )

' ALLE RISMA OAPAx Newberry .

’ 186 1 . A llo ma ca ax Ne b err Ives s o orado Ex l Ex 2 ris . . ed Re t . . 1 0 . p w y , C l p p ., p , p , pl — 1 fi s 9 9a . , g U er Carboniferous or Perm an imestone : A ua Azu n ear base of ount pp i l g l , M Ta or yl . As at present kn own there is nothing to distinguish this formfrom

A . ter minals s its us ns and s ll , ave rather more rob t proportio , e pecia y

. i the greater height in relation to the width . A capaa: w as descr bed f z n Of Au u and as s ns usu ll u rom the hori o the brey gro p , pecime a y occ r , is badly preserved . It seems probable that when good specimens of both species can be compared other differences will come to light in configuration or in sculpture .

Two types are found in the Allerism as of the Manz ano group . They can be distinguished with reas onable eas e on the bas is of the proportion Of length and breadth . The less slender ones wi th little

u s i n n A . ca es and c ns s z . q e t o belo g to p , reach a very o iderable i e The largest could hardly have been less than 150 mm . in width . Small and immature ex amples of this species resemble the form from the Rico formation which I referred wi th s ome hesitation to “ A . ter minals and as as in nz n , it may be that there , well the Ma a o

s s s u in ss n . s u n bed , the two pecie occ r a ociatio It ho ld be oted , h as no u x s Of A . ca ax owever, that yet mat re typical e ample p are kn own in the Rico . — Horizon and localit . Abo s n s n Abo n n s n 3757a y a d to e , Ca yo ( tatio ) an d s n s del s s n Ye o formatio , Me a Ye o ( tatio

0 Pro . Pa er U . S . Geol . Sur e N O . 16 1903 PI. IX fi . 6 . f p v y , , , g MAN ZAN O GROUP OF BIO GRAN DE V ALLEY .

ALLERtsrrA M ALE Hall .

’ ’ Allorisma ta minahs. Ha Stanbur s Ex ed . to reat Salt La e Re t . . ll , y p G k , p , p

413 l . 2 fi s . 40 b. , p , g , l Carbonifero us : Big B ue River . - 1852 . Allorisma re ularis 7 Owen Geol . Surv. W isconsin Iowa and Mi nn es ota g , , , ,

Re t tab . 5 fi . 13. p . , , g C i erous : Missouri i er at a ne t arbon f R v W y Ci y .

1858. Allo risma subcunoata . Mee and a den Acad . Nat. Sc i . Phi ad e hia Proc k H y , l lp ,

263. p . ‘ er ( oal Measures : Leavenworth ans . Upp , K - Allorisma armic. Swallow Acad . Sc i . St. Lo uis Trans . vol . 1 M , , , , p . 6 56 .

Coa easures : la Mo . l M C y , '

Allon rma m bcuncata . Mack and a d en mithsonian Co nt. no ed e v o l H y , S K wl g , .

14 No . 172 . 37 . 1 fi s . 10a b. , , p , pl , g ,

oa easures : Lea enworth ans . C l M v , K '

1866 . Allon rma subcuncata . Geinitz Carb . und D as in Nebras a . 14 . , y k , p

er oa Measures : Plattsmouth and omin Ne r . Kansas Upp C l Wy g , b ; .

Me U . . Geo . ur . Ne a F 1872 . Allorisma subcunoata . e ras nal Re t . . 22 1 k , S l S v b k , i p , p ,

2 fi s . 100 b. pl . , g , er oa eas ures : Roc uff 2 mi es south est of Nebraska Ci t W o Upp C l M k Bl , } l w y , y

m n and P atts mouth Nebr . Lea en orth and Atchi son ans . i g , l , ; v w , K i Upper and Lower Coal Measure s . Illino s .

ta W h te . . eo . ur 1 Mer 1875 . Allorism a m bcunca . . 00th . Re t . i , U S G g S v W , p ,

vol . 4 . 155 . 12 fi s . 70 b. W ho e re ort ub ished in 1877 , p , pl , g , ( l p p l

ar ni erous : Near A ua Az u N . Mex . C bo f g l ,

'

1876 . Allon ama m bcunoata . h te . . eo . eo . ur . Terr . Sec ond D ision W i , U S G l G g S v , iv ; ’ Po el s Re t . eo . nta ounta ns . 91 . w l p G l Ui M i , p Lo er Aubre rou : on uence of ra nd and reen Ri ers tah w y g p C fl G G v , U .

Allorisma su bcunoata ? hite De t . tat . and eo . Indiana ec ond Ann . W , p S G l , S

Re t . . 518 . 8 fi s 1 2 . p , p , pl , g , ,

oa eas ures : Edwards ort nox ount Ind . C l M p , K C y ,

Allorisma m bcunoata . hite eo . ur . Indiana Thirteenth Re t . . 148 W , G l S v , p , p , — 31 fi s . 1 3. pl . , g : n Coal Measures I diana .

Allorisma subcuncata . Heil rin econd eo . ur . Penns an a Ann Re t . p , S G l S v ylv i , . p

for 1885 . 456 457 fi . 100 . 444 fi . 10 . , p , , g ; p , g

er oa easures ree mesto ne : esbarre Pa . Upp C l M , Mill C k li Wilk ,

1886 . Allorisma subcuneata . Heil rin om n st . and eo . Soc . Proc . and COIL p , Wy i g Hi G l , ,

vol . 2 t . 2 . 272 fi . 10 . 276 fi . 100 . , p , p , g ; p , g

er oa easures Cree mestone : esbarre Pa . Upp C l M , Mill k li Wilk ,

1887 . Allorisma su bcuneata . err c Sc i . Lab . Denison ni . u . vol . 2 . 34 H i k , U v , B ll , , p ,

4 fi s . 1 2 . pl . , g ,

oa easures : F nt R d e Oh o . C l M li i g , i

Allorisma su bcuneatum . e es issouri eo ur vol 5 129 47 K y , M G l . S v . , . , p . , pl . , — fi s . 5a c . Date of m rint g ( i p ,

er oa eas ures : ansas t MO . Upp C l M K Ci y ,

' Allorisma su bcunea tum . eed e n . eo ur ansas Re t . vol . 6 . B , U iv G l . S v . K , p , , p — 169 . 20 fi s . I l b . , pl , g er oa easures : est ort issouri ansas t ont Ida Anderson Upp C l M W p (M ) , K Ci y , M (

ount La rence Lecom ton To e a E mont ra nd umm t ans . C y) , w , p , p k , l , G S i , K

A llerisma terminals . irt . . eo . ur . Pro . Pa er No . 16 . 437 l . 9 G y , U S G l S v , f p , p , p ,

fi s 4 5 6 . g . , , ermosa and R c o ormat ons : San uan re ion o o H i f i J g , C l .

92 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY . row elongate ligament Occurs j ust back o f the umbo and below the n sharp angulation defining the escutcheon . A s tout cardi al tooth is s u with a socket immediately above it it ated j ust below the umbo . The anterior extremity was the site of a large anterior muscle whose s is fin s s n x n n n car de ed po teriorly by a high , tro g ridge e te di g dow ward

at right angles to the hinge line . — Hor izon and localit . s f n s s s n y Ye o ormatio , Me a del Ye o ( tatio s n s n S n un ns s n 3798 San Abo a d to e , a dia Mo tai ( tatio An s f n En s n drea ormatio , gle ( tatio

L PH R B P S . P EURO O U s I ARTITU n sp .

P ate X ure 2 l , fig .

S of u s z s and . u n subcuneate hell medi m i e , rather hort high O tli e , n somewhat contracting i front and ab ruptly truncated behin d . B s eak mall and depressed . An terior extremity moderately project in n u i u -f u s n T g ; hinge li e eq al ng abo t three o rth the e tire width . he n is n x un n u u in f n er lower margi co ve , ro di g grad ally pward ro t , wh e

is s n un the . n x s e it tro gly retracted der beak Co ve ity rather high , e p i n n c ally toward the posterior portion . Umbo al ridge elevated i to a s s n s n of u s s z s n coar e , tro g co ta , while a other abo t the ame i e lie betwee

and n n u s f f . it the hi ge li e , tho gh omewhat arther rom the latter The n f of s l is n n strise n a terior hal the hel marked by broad co ce tric , leavi g A n f between them rather strong angular ridges . ppare tly rom the s n s no t ss n u n but type pecime the e do pa beyo d the mbo al ridge , they m ay occur on the postcardinal portion and be somewhat fain ter

there . This species is possibly identic al with on e of the several forms which Walcott includes under S anga inoli tes aeolus in his Eureka dis

o s fi u s 7 and 9 O f Pl XX . u s tri t report , e pecially g re ate Tho gh ome ff n s of nfi u n can n s u the di ere ce co g ratio readily be oted , e pecially abo t

n end n x ss n is n s . A u the a terior , the ge eral e pre io certai ly clo e bo t n of nz n f S henotus aeolns is ide tity the Ma a o orm with typical p there ,

n for s uss n . P . bi artitns s s s W al I thi k , call little di c io p al o re emble ’ s S an uinolites retusns but is u ns s s s . cott g , a m ch more tra ver e pecie s n is ss o f an n n but s s The type pecime more or le i ter al mold , eem to

s s fi s s n n ss . A s n how the peci c character with rea o able clear e eco d , s ss - s s n is s n n n in s s till le well pre erved pecime al o k ow , agreei g all re pect t o far s an n with he other s a c be determi ed . Besides the three types of Pleurophorus specifically mentioned in s s n es of s e s s thi report , there appear to be repre e tativ ev ral other pecie

of s nu s bu t f for s n . the ame ge , too imper ect de criptio — Horizon and localit . Abo s n s n es s s n 375 1 y a d to e , M a del Ye o ( tatio ) ALEON OL P T OGY. 93

H G PLE URO P O RUS aff . TAFF I irty .

This species is represen ted by some very imperfect and some imma x s s s n of s ture e ample . The large t pecime had a width at lea t 55 mm . Its n x is and its u n no t s n but co ve ity low mbo al ridge tro gly marked , s n n ss r s the specimen ha evide tly bee more or le c u hed . Another ex f s s n n n is ample re erred here how o ly the a terior portio , which m n P A hi x i ore stro gly produced even than in . tafi . t rd e ample s u n n u n and s n immat re , with a rather promi e t mbo al ridge tro gly pro n of s ns x in s s jec ting an terior extremity . No e the pecime e am ed eem to have any costae developed on the postcardinal slope save an angular n n n su l n of an ridge ear the cardi al li e , pre mab y marki g the limit n elongated escu tcheo . This form sugges ts the species described by Walcott as Modi o m or ha ? desiderata but f n n a p , both are too imper ectly k ow to permit n n of s determi atio their relation hip . — Hor izon and localit . s f n M s s s n y Ye o ormatio , e a del Ye o ( tatio 375 10 and San An s s n 3742b San An s f n ) drea ( tatio ) ; drea ormatio , M s s s n 375 1d Abo s n s n Abo n n s o n e a del Ye o ( tatio ) ; a d to e , Ca yo ( tati 3757a 2) and Sandia Mountains (station 3797

PLE U RO PH O R S ff . ME E KI U a Walcott .

s s s is e s n f u silicified s ns Thi pecie r pre e ted by o r imperfect pecime , s hi s 1 u s z the large t of w ch i 0 mm . wide or abo t half the i e of the type

specimen . They are characterized by very small and very nearly n u n s and a s su f s ae n s termi al mbo e by mooth r ace devoid of co t . I thi ’ su s of W a s s es but they are very gge tive lcott peci , whether they x n s s n s e e pa d a tro gly toward the po terior nd c an not be determined . A n no ppare tly they do t. They also resemble Modi ola sn belliptica of the Pennsylvanian fauna

s s s u fu w P mec i . a pecie which ho ld be care lly compared ith . k — Horizon and loca lit . s f n A s n 375 1e y Ye o ormatio , lamillo ( tatio ) .

' LE U PH US aff BL U S P RO O R . O O N G Meek .

Here belongs a single specimen having much the general app ear

n P . oblon a s u u the s z n en a ce of g , tho gh abo t twice i e . The a terior d is so s n of s is ss imperfect , that a compari o thi part impo ible . The s n ans se u a ex n s n hape o ly moderately tr ver , it wo ld appe r , pa d behi d ,

is su run . u n is s nc u not where it bt cated The mbo al ridge di ti t , tho gh

n u . is s s a x s u e e een a g lar There perhap a co t , e tremely ob c r , b tw the u n and n n s a n a e e mbo al ridge the hi ge li e , omewh t e r r to the latt r .

hi s f s s es P . tro ido horus but s s s T orm al o re embl p p , eem to how s n s n s s na s n ex n s tro ger re embla ce with the pecie med above , i ce it pa d s n hi n has no t an n u u n a d e and has more tro gly be d , a g lar mbo l ri g , s i n s a if s n ss d s n the po tcard al co t , pre e t at all , le i ti ct . — Horizon and loca lit . Abo s n s n Abo n n s n 3757a . y a d to e , Ca yo ( tatio ) 94 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF RIO GRAN DE VALLEY.

PLE PH U ff S UB S S URO O R S a . CO TATU Meek and W orthen .

Under this title is included a group of forms which might prove n us its ns u n s s s A rather heteroge eo if co tit e t were le imperfect . ll that it s s n ss sa s n is so as c an be eem ece ary to y of them at pre e t that , far in s z and n s es e and W or told , i e proportio they eem to r emble Me k ’ n s s the pecies rather closely . — ’ Horizon and localit . s n Blackinton s n s n y Ye o formatio , ra ch ( tatio 3750 and s n San n as r n s del ) Carthage ( tatio A dre fo matio , Me a es s i n Abo s n s n n n s n 3757a f Y o ( tat o a d to e , Abo Ca yo ( tatio ) .

' A ' E LA S UB U AD ATA As r R r L Q R n . sp .

— P ate X ures 10 13. l , fig

S s su u nd s i s s u hell mall , bq adrate , width a height omet me almo t eq al ,

in s s . d na a n the width be g , however , alway lightly greater Car i l m rgi and n n u ss s n n n lower margi ge tly c rved , more or le di ti ctly co tracti g s n n u u behind . Po terior outli e nearly perpe dic lar to the pper and ins n n x un in n n but lower marg ; ge tly co ve , ro d g i to the lower margi ,

n u on in n s u n . B B meeti g the pper e a Ob c re a gle eak small . elow it u n is n x n n n and s the o tli e co cave , e te di g dow ward omewhat forward - - s for about two th irds or three fourths the length of the hell . It then s u - u vi n n r end u n usu meet the pward c r g a te ior of the lower o tli e , ally s n x u in a rather di tinct angle . Co ve ity low . NO appreciable mbonal ridge . s u u ns s s of u n n n r lam ellse o f The c lpt re co i t reg larly arra ged co ce t ic , u nu s which 6 to 8 occur in 3 mm . tho gh the mber varie according to s z s s n u n sa s ci n s n the i e of the hell , i ce po the me pe me the di ta ce u e n between the lam ellre increases reg larly from b ak to margi . In its small size and less transverse shape this species most resem

s Astartella nrle i but ff s in nu n s . A . nrle i ble g y , it di er a mber of poi t g y s x n s s ns a n t n in n u ually e pa d po teriorly i te d of co trac i g that directio , co and the anterior extremity is ro unded and not pointed . The n v xi is ns an d e is ss s n e ty co iderably greater , th re a more or le di ti ct s n n ae s u umbonal ridge . The characteri tic co ce tric lamell are al o m ch

s n n n w A . sub uadrata mo re clo ely arra ged , bei g , whe compared ith q , n about in the ratio O f two to o e. — r n nd localit . s f n A s n 3751e and Ho izo a y Ye o ormatio , lamillo ( tatio ) s n 3743b San An s n s Fra Cristobal ( tatio ) ; drea formatio , Me a del 1 2 Yeso (station 375 d ) .

96 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF R10 GRAN DE VALLEY .

Though described by White as curved and marked by obscure

n u n i s s isfi P . canna was s and lo git di al r b , I am at ed that traight s is u s i without longitudinal marking . This tr e both of the type pec men and of the material found in the present collection . It appears probable that he may have O bserved the longitudinal striaa upon a s n D enta lium mexi canum i urs ss te i P . pecime of , wh ch occ a ocia d w th canna in .the Manzano group and doubtless elsewhere too . The type s n P . canna so as can o s r is n i u pecime of , far I b e ve , e t rely witho t l n s si icifie s ns s . o them . I the pre ent collection d pecime how n traces itudin al costm u ns rs n s and strise are of lo g , tho gh delicate tra ve e li e s n n is is s D enta li m O bviou . In ge eral appeara ce th form almo t like u mexi canum u s in s un u urse n , which occ r the ame fa a , tho gh of co whe costse mexi canum ff well preserved the of D . a ord a ready means of discrimination . In the case of internal molds it is hopeless to dis tin uis h . S s im ns s s ia u n the in bu t as g them ome pec e how tr po terior , they are only local it is doubtful whether even specific importance c an attach to them . In both species probably the shell is distinctly the x n u ns u n thicker toward ape tha toward the apert re , co eq e tly internal molds taper more rapidly than the shell itself .

The hypothesis that the more slender portions Of D . canna may hear costse so P . canna and D . mexicanum un u , that are fo ded pon f n ns s s be s iss n di fere t portio of the ame type of hell , may di m ed at o ce , s n s i ns P canna n n s are n i i ce pec me of . , eve whe very mall , e t rely s s n s . mooth , ave for growth li e — Hor izon and localit . s n s n S n Morlntains s s y Abo a d to e , a dia ( tation 3796 and 3797) and Mesa del Yeso (station San Andreas n s del s s n 375 1d No al s n formatio , Me a Ye o ( tatio ) , g Creek ( tatio 744 and En s a n 3595 s i n i s i n 3 gle ( t tio ) Ye o format o , Alam llo ( tat o 375 1e) and Mesa del Yeso (stations 375 1s and

A A G STEROPOD .

HAN ERO TREM A MAN ZA N IC UM n s P . p.

PI. XI ures 3 and 4 . , fig

S of u s z u ns s n u s n u s hell medi m i e , t rreted , co i ti g of abo t eve vol tion .

u ns n u ss su u s . u Vol tio a g lar , with depre ed t re The pper third of the external portion of each volution is nearly flat and directed obliquely ° u 60 x s downward at an angle of abo t from the a i . This upper por n is t in n s is nn and n ns tio erm ated by a cari a , who e top cha eled co tai

s n is un and s the lit ba d , which bo ded above below by the harp elevated d in n - i s u ri e ges . The rema i g two th rd of the o ter half of the pe treme is m r n u in lirae u 10 in nu s a ked by a g lar revolv g , abo t mber , eparated

‘ T by broadly rounded striae. he latter gradually diminis h in width

u us and ; that in is co n toward the mbilic , immediately below the car a PALEON OLOG T Y . 97

i l i sp cuous y wider than any of the others . It s also wider than the

in s . u ns n u d car a it elf The vol tio are deeply embraci g , the pper e ge one n u n fi s lirae of falli g po the r t below the carina or a little lower . is no s u u n s x s There other c lpt re tha thi , e cept ob cure incremental n s s i t and li e , , which are l ghtly deflected backward , bo h above below ot s n n the carina . These are n tro g e ough to produce nodes or crenu l i n li at ons upo the raa. s n s Umbilicu early clo ed . Inn er lip practically undeveloped .

Aperture subrhombic . A single specimen referred to this species has the upper surface (that between the suture and the carina) divided about midway by a s di tinct revolving lira . After reviewing with some care the Carboniferous Pleurotom ari oids s f N A no u i s s hitherto de cribed rom orth merica , do bt rema n that thi is new s s . In f find r n s s is a pecie act , I it ha d to ame a pecie which ff s closely related to it . It di er from a large number in having the upper surface of the peritreme without sculpture and in having upon no part of it those transverse lines which in so many forms produce n ns n l r nodes or cre ulatio upo the revolving irse. Phane otrema marcoui annm is s s s s but f n s perhap the mo t clo ely imilar , the di fere ce

n n x s s n and P . manzani c m me tio ed e i t al o betwee it n . The latter has s i s a d is l a omewhat h gher pire n a much larger she l . — Hor izon and localit . s f m on A s n y Ye o or ati , lamillo ( tatio 375 10 ) and Abo s n s n S n un ns s n 3796 a d to e , a dia Mo tai ( tatio

PH AN ERO T E M A aff . BR AZ E N E R O S Shumard .

s is r s n in our n s l f Thi type rep e e ted collectio by a ma l , imper ect , : silicified specimen . The characters shown are as follows

S z s u 7 . in s w ss in i e mall , abo t mm height , ome hat le diameter .

S n n u . u n pire low , rapidly e largi g , deeply t rreted The o ter portio of i the volution s subqu adrate in section . The upper surface is n and n i u x s s n us early flat perpe d c lar to the a i , with a rai ed ba d j t u o below the sut re marked by a row f large nodes . The lateral su f is u as as u su f and n r ace abo t wide the pper r ace early vertical . s ns s n n The e two portio are eparated by a thi , laterally directed cari a of x n e traordinary prominence . It co stitutes the peripheral por n s and s su f n s tio of the hell give the lateral r ace a co cave , omewhat ff u n of n d f retreating e ect . The j nctio the lateral a in erior surfaces is

s su n ul . nf su f is n n x un n al o ba g ar The i erior r ace ge tly co ve , ro di g n so s ns x u in rapidly i ward , that the three divi io are appro imately eq al

i . su f is nin s s n n he ght The lower r ace marked by e harp , tro g revolvi g lirae s n s ns w n s s and , eparated by i terval co iderably ider tha them elve . they apparently tend to degen erate in to rows o f nodes near the umbili

cus w c is s an d en . e fin e lirae , hi h mall op Two or thr e are developed

— — — 84259 31111. 389 09 7 M N O ALL 98 A ZAN O GROU P OF RI GRA N DE V EY .

on su a . n of and os the lateral rf ce The lower portio the peritreme , p sibl u s se s sse fine sublamellose h y the pper al o , em to be cro d by growt lines h en u nu ns on n lirae. E h , w ich t d to prod ce cre latio the revolvi g ac volution embraces the lower half of the preceding one up to the an gu n fi f latio which de nes the lateral and lower sur aces .

u su s of P . brazoense s f ff rs in in Tho gh very gge tive , thi orm di e hav g u su f u ss e and n the pper r ace m ch le levated the carina more promine t . Horizon and localit — San n s f n s un ns y A drea ormatio , Caballo Mo tai (station

N A ALA W O RTH E I MILLAN A n . sp .

P ate XI ure 5 l , fig .

S e l sm su n ns s n of s n u h l rather all , bco ical , co i ti g eve or eight grad ally

n u . S i fi r e larging vol tions pire about equ al n height to the nal chambe . V u ns n n n is s e ol tio cari ated alo g the peripheral li e , which lightly abov dl u in s n u s s s anc e the mid e , tho gh the pire the cari a occ r a hort di t f n i above the su ture . The outer sur ace above the cari a s strongly O u and s s nu us n n x n su u an d bliq e lightly i o , bei g co ve above , ear the t re ,

n n n . su f is n n x . co cave below , ear the cari a The lower r ace ge tly co ve u su f n in and su u is n s h The pper r ace betwee the car a t re early moot , v f s n fine s n u marked , howe er , by airly di ti ct , , clo ely arra ged , reg lar A transverse costae. sharp lira p as ses around the peritreme j us t n fin n n w un nn above the cari a , de i g with the latter a arro ro ded cha el , but with this exception the upper surface seems to be withou t revolv

in n s . su us s n n g li e A rather wide lc , omewhat wider tha the cari a , u s us but n su f is u occ r j t below the latter , be eath it the r ace reg larly . ss rs un strise and lirse O f u u s z cro ed by rather coa e , ro ded abo t eq al i e , of e is s nd nine or ten each . The ap rture trongly obliqu e a subrhombic

nn is n . in shape . The i er lip somewhat thicke ed s f s s Phanerotrema ma nzanicnm h Thi orm rather re emble , with whic is ss but n ff n s s d s n s it a ociated , ma y di ere ce be i e the more elo gate hape are disclosed by a detailed comparison . i h s W a W ortbz nia alam lla na as a higher pire than either . ta bula t or

' ' W n bscalm is and s n W . m arconia na . In s . s a lower pire tha ome s s s s s s n ot but s s con re pect it re emble the latter pecie a little , be ide the fi u n has n n n e ff g ratio , which already bee me tio ed , there are oth r di er ences su as n strise of of , ch the complete coveri g by the lower part the

n W . lamillana whorls i a . Of the American species usually placed under Pleurotomar ia few s n f s in nfi u n an d f s resemble the pre e t orm clo ely co g ratio , rom the e the absence of revolving lines on the upper half of the volu tion s will prove

a distinguishing character . ’ s f s es Beede s Murchisonia collin sworthznsis bu t Thi orm re embl g , is at once distinguished by having the lower portion of the volutions

striated . — Hor izon an localit . s f n A s n 3751e . d y Ye o ormatio , lamillo ( tatio )

M AN O G O V 100 AN Z R UP OF BIO GRAN DE ALLEY .

1879. BellerO hon sub a illosus . hite . S. eo . eo . ur . Terr . ul vol p p p W , U G l G g S v , B l . , .

5 . 218. , p ar oni erous : i d and Poc ets northern Arizona 15 mi es south of Pi e C b f W l B k , , l p S r g

1880 . Bellir hon sub a llo us i i s . h te . . eo . eo . urv. Terr Contribu z p p W , U S G l G g S .,

— ' tions to Pa eonto o Nos . 2 8 . 138 l . 34 fi 3a . l l gy , p , p , g . er arboni erous : North estern o orad o and n orthern Arizon Upp C f w C l a .

1883. Bell ro hon sub a illosus . W hite . . eo . eo . ur . Terr . Twe th Ann . e p p p , U S G l G g S v , lf

Re t . for 1878 t. 1 . 138 34 fi . 30 . p , p , p , pl . , g er arbon erous : North estern o orado and northern Arizon Upp C if w C l a .

1899. Eu hemus sub a illosus . rt U . S . eo . ur . Nineteenth Ann . t p p p y , , Re . Gi G l S v p ,

t 3 . 592 . l . , 1 ii h sub a i ? 903. E enfus liosus i Pr r rt U . S . eo ur . o . Pa e N O . 16 . 476 p p p G y , G l S v , f p , p .

B ero hon mestone : Diamond Pea inta ountains o o . ell p li k , U M , C l

This very characteristic fossil was O btained in considerable abun n at s n s in M nz n u but s of s da ce everal poi t the a a o gro p , mo t the peci mens are imperfectly preserved . It c an readily be distinguished E r bo s f from . oa narins . The revolving co ta are ewer and farther

and n u n s of n s . s apart , ear the apert re develop i to row ode The lit nd ns of n u of s a is ba , i tead bei g occ pied by two or three the co t , s n f smooth and defined upon each ide by o e o them . — Horizon and localit . San n s f n En s n y A drea ormatio , gle ( tatio 3740 s f n San An s s n 3742d and s ) Ye o ormatio , drea ( tatio ) Fra Cri to s n 3743b 2 s n s n S n M un ins s bal ( tatio ) Abo a d to e , a dia o ta ( tation 3797

EU PH E MU s IN SPE CIO SU S White ?

1881 . Bellero hon ins eciosus . hite . . eo . ur . . 100 Mer. Re t. vol . 3 p p W , U S G g S v W , p , , — u A end x . xxx . 4 fi s . 1a d . S pp . pp i , p , pl , g r ir s P arboni erous : Nea Taos a d at Tao ea N . Mex . C f k ,

1889. Eu hemus i ns eciosus . irt . . eo . ur . Ni neteenth An n . Re t. t . 3 p p G y , U S G l S v p , p ,

592 . p .

Only a small number of specimens belonging to thi s species have

n f un an d of u fu ffini . E. car bonarius bee o d , they are rather do bt l a ty E l osns s ss f s n u and . sn bpapi l may be di mi ed rom the compari o witho t

'

hi of u s s z as E. nodicar inatns a comment . W le ab o t the ame i e or s n and n - s n little maller , they are arrower lack the ode bordered lit ba d

f rs s n E . on the smooth outer lip . They are o cou e much maller tha ins eci osns and n ot s u ur u whi p , do how the irreg lar c vat re ch character

i z s s s . u ur u n n i e that pecie The irreg lar c vat re , I am i cli ed to bel eve , o f u s not f un 111 s s an d is a character the mat re hell o d the earlier tage , ’ the presen t specimens are referred to W hite s species on the hypoth esis that they are immature . — Hor zon and localit . s f n Al s n 375 1e i y Ye o ormatio , amillo ( tatio ) nd s s s n San An s f n N o al a Me a del Ye o ( tatio drea ormatio , g Creek (station 3744a 2) an d Engle (station PALEON TOLOGY . 101

BELL R P S E O HO N MAJU SOULU Walcott .

Plate XI fi ure 2 . , g

1884 . BellerO hon ma usculus. a cott . . eo . ur . Mon . 8 . 256 . 23 p j W l , U S G l S v , , p , pl ,

fi s . 1 1a 24 fi 6 . g , ; pl . , g .

Lo er arb on erous : Eure a district Ne ada . w C if k , v

n is in u e a n u of M nz n s ec ns U der th title are cl d d large mber a a o p ime , but as many of them are internal molds the identifications are pro

s na . is as f as s n vi io l What regarded the typical orm , how by the

s s s ns ss ss s l in s . be t pre erved pecime , po e e the fol ow g character The siz is but in n o ns n u of s ns u n e large, i ta ce eq al to that the pecime po

i s s was s and in s s s u s . wh ch the pecie ba ed , mo t ca e m ch maller The peritreme enlarges gradually and is not much ex panded at the

r u . u us is n s s in un ape t re The mbilic o ly partially clo ed , at lea t yo g

s i ns of s . s n is s n pec me , by a fold the hell The ectio omewhat arrow n d m s n in u - a hel et haped , co tract g rather grad ally to the keel like s n . su f is not s n u lit ba d The r ace marked by very di ti ct , reg lar, s r n ri s s di e n f l s of clo ely a ra ged dge , who e r ctio o low that the growth

n s . s s n ns s but s li e They are ometime early tra ver e , at other , par tic ularl in un s ns s n n y, it may be , yo g pecime , they are tro gly be t backward on approaching the band .

is s s is s B . crassns and is di s Th pecie clo ely related to , chiefly is n hi n u As tingu hed by the more poin ted a d ghly cari ated dors m . s n ot n as n i u s but ff n both form vary a good deal , o ly i d vid al at di ere t s s of t is u fu ff n s hi tage grow h, it do bt l whether the other di ere ce w ch n n su as and n of s u u have bee oticed , ch the character directio the c lpt re ,

l un . s wil be fo d valid The other character , however, appear to be in n f s s f depe dent o tage o growth . u s ns s f n u s n Altho gh my pecime are maller, o te m ch maller, tha s f N u n hi s e s was s c an not but tho e rom evada po w ch the p cie ba ed , I fi s make the identi cation with some confidence . They eem to agree B h B with . majuscnlns in j ust the points in w ich they differ from .

Hor izon and localit — S an n s f n En s ns y A drea ormatio , gle ( tatio 3595 and 3740s E n Bu s ns 3600 and San ) , lepha t tte ( tatio Andreas (station Fra Cristobal (station Nog al C reek (station Mesa del Yeso (station 375 1d) and Caballos Moun ins s n 3738a s f n San An s s ns 3742d ta ( tatio ) Ye o ormatio , drea ( tatio and 3742 an d s s s n 375 1a 375 1b an d g) Me a del Ye o ( tatio , , s n s n s s s n 375 1 an d S ndi un ns Abo a d to e , Me a del Ye o ( tatio ) a a Mo tai (station 102 M AN ZAN O GROUP OF BIO GRAN DE VALLEY .

' T PATE LLo s n UM aff . N OD ICO S ATUM Gurley .

Our n n ins nin s i ns of s s s but collectio co ta e pec me thi pecie , they are so s n n n and s of poorly pre erved , retai i g o ly here there patche the s n in but an i e s i n c an i n . The hell , that oth g mp rfect de cript o be g ve e i is i x n in ns s un p r treme rather rap dly e pa d g , tra ver e , broadly ro ded

o . across the dorsum . Slit band sharply defined but n t much elevated

Outer lip deeply n otched .

S ul u nsis n of fine v vin lirse u 12 in 10 . c pt re co ti g re ol g , abo t mm , h su u s rn in s n w ich are beq al or lightly alte at g , eparated by arrow,

n s in s na. s ss ns s un ul i ns rather i di t ct tri The e are cro ed by tra ver e d at o , h u s n and n su is w ich are reg lar , clo ely arra ged , whe the rface well pre o served apparently angular . They occur usually about 6 r 7 in 5 mm . v r s in i n n in s s im ns n They a y omewhat direct o , bei g ome pec e early s in rs s n u and s ss traight , othe tro gly c rved , they are alway more or le s bent b ackward near the slit band . The revolving lirae sometime produce nodes as they cross the transverse ridges . It is hardly probable that this is the same form which occurs in the Eureka district and was there identified by Walcott as Bellerophon teztilis ? — Hor izon and loca lit . Abo s n s n S ndi un ins s n y a d to e , a a Mo ta ( tatio 3796 and Abo n n s n 3757a San n s f n ) Ca yo ( tatio ) ; A drea ormatio , s d el s s n 375 1d s f i n s s Me a Ye o ( tatio ) Ye o ormat o , Me a del Ye o 1 (station 375 a ) . I 2 MO GUL1A sp .

' su O f is s is s n s s n silicified and The bject th ketch a i gle mall pecime , , s partially freed from matrix . It seems rather probable that the pre ent s so far as s r u character , they are ob e vable at all , are tr e to the n n n f has n s origi al co ditio , rom which probably little bee lo t or altered in u s of ss z n . f s n is co r e fo ili atio The act , therefore , that the pecime n s wi u ns s in strise and i u e tirely mooth , tho t tra ver e or revolv g w tho t

is s nd n s s i unusu n s . s n a v ible lit ba , i ve t it w th al i tere t The ectio u u and s n un ss su u wo ld be reg larly tro gly ro ded acro the dor m , the vol tions rather rapidly expanding in the same plane . The aperture was

su un ns s . nn was not hi n . probably bl ate , tra ver e The i er lip t cke ed The u unf un is n so in s n of an o ter lip , ort ately , broke , that the ab e ce y distinct growth lin es its shape c an not be even inferred . It projected s s and was u hi n u n s xis and at the ide m ch t cke ed , prod ci g a olid a o n obscuring any trace f a umbilicus . SO far as can be determined the generic affinities seem to be partly i Mo nlia and Warthia an d s n of w th g partly with , the deci ive evide ce n has the shape of the outer lip is unfortun ately wanti g . The shell the n as ect the s axis and n u of ge eral p , olid , the laterally projecti g o ter lip ulia but s ns s ns of nus hi Mog , lack the tra ver e plicatio that ge , w ch i s follow the growth lines and betray the shape of the lip . In t lack of

104 M AN ZAN O GROU P or Rro GRAN DE VALLEY .

broadly and somewhat deeply umbilicated . The upper surface of e was n n s z n s s in the peritr me early plai , almo t hori o tal , lightly lop g n f u r n was n u t dow ward rom the o ter ma gi , which probably a g la ed , effecting a marginal or submargin al carin a . The lower surface is also

n u n in n s 5 mm . cari ated abo t midway , the cari a be g marked by ode . apart . From the carina the lower surface of the peritreme slopes upward rather symmetrically in either direction . The characters thus briefly sketched indicate a species similar in

n E. ernodosns . SO far as can nz n a ge eral way to p be told , the Ma a o form has its upper carina more marginal and its lower one less mar

inal n v ri . O s ns mi g tha the typical a ety ther pecime , however , ght show that these characters are not cons tan t or not quite as described . ns n s s o of s ll Co iderable cha ge al o take place with the gr wth the he , x and the present seems to be an immature e ample . Horizon and localit — S an n s n s un y A drea formatio , Caballo Mo tains (station

E P UO M HALU S sp . a .

his is s n in our n s ns and T type repre e ted collectio by two pecime , although many: of its characters can be determined so that it is with out u h u s n new s c s f us ifi s n in m c q e tio a pe ie , I hardly eel j t ed at pre e t introducing for it a new name . At first sight one would hardly fail Enmn ba lns m odosus but fu x to compare it with p p , a more care l e am ination shows that the nodes in the present ins tance are situated upon

u ins of su f e . s z is s 45 the pper tead the lower r ac The i e large , at lea t

. in u surf n s sse . mm diameter , the pper ace flat , or eve lightly depre d un surf is s n n but is and The der ace carcely k ow , probably broadly ns deeply umbilicated . The volutio are about 5 or 6 . They are flat and s nd n d n above de ce ge tly towar the ce ter . The sides also are n and n n u su f e hi flatte ed early ormal to the pper r ac , with w ch they n in n un n u n n n s joi a pro o ced a g latio , marked at rather lo g i terval by

- r o n d s . 8 9 . la ge , moderately well devel ped o e The latter are or mm

in one s n but s n in . apart pecime , are more clo ely arra ged the other n u n u e u n u and They are developed o ly po the mat r vol tio , premat re s s n n postmature whorl howi g o ly the margin al angulation . The u ns so nn of u e su of vol tio overlap , that the i er edge the pp r rface one is a little lower than the outer edge of the upper surface of the

' other . The shape of the lower portion of the volution is imperfectly a s known . The vertic l lateral urface appears to be bent inward u l un u of an u rather grad a ly til , abo t midway the peritreme by abr pt n n esu s in n n its urse is cha ge of directio which r lt a media cari a , co inward and upward . — Hor izon and localit . San n as f i n s un ins y A dre ormat o , Caballo Mo ta (station Nogal Creek (station 3744s and Elephant Butte (statio n PALEON TOLOGY . 105

A EUO MPH LU s sp . b.

The species which is the subject of the following remarks consti tutes t n u of nz n un but of a rather impor a t feat re the Ma a o fa a , the sundry specimens examined the majority are more or less completely

u n n . n s f n and red ced to the i ter al mold Ma y are al o ragme tary, a few

su n s u s . si z is r pre mably belo g to a mall immat re tage The e la ge ,

55 . in and in nu of u ns 4 5 . mm or more diameter, mber vol tio or The u surf is nd su n pper ace gently a the lower rface deeply co cave . The U su f of is s n n u n pper r ace the peritreme marked by a tro g a g lar cari a , i in un u ns s ms m s n so wh ch the yo ger vol tio ee to be al o t margi al , that u su n a z n u ons the pper rface is early flat nd hori o tal . In the older vol ti

s n s n but is s u n nte . it till te d to be margi al , it ated earer the ce r The u su of is n n and s n s s n pper rface the peritreme the co cave , it de ce d tro gly n f n is f n ns i ward rom the cari a , which o te co iderably elevated above

the larval part of the shell . In these large volutions the lateral sur f u s n and s u f u n ace c rve dow ward lightly o tward rom the pper cari a , n s n s n u n the lightly i ward , where it receive a other abr pt deflectio u us u in s n n on su sub pward , th prod c g a eco d cari a the lower rface , . marginal and more or less directly below that upon the upper surface . A sufficient exten t of either the upper or the lower portion has not been observed to permit me to determine whether one or both of the

nae n s . So as s not but cari were odo e far ob erved they were , may n s n have had ode at rather lo g intervals . The lower surface of the is n and s peritreme nearly pla e trongly Oblique . The peritreme sec n es n nfi tio r ulti g from this co guration is strikingly triangular . f n un is s u s ns The oregoi g acco t compo ite , made p from ob ervatio u n s f n s but is ru of s s po everal ragme t , it probably t e mo t of the peci m ns in is u of u n of e placed th gro p , rather , however , the mat re tha the . younger stages . Still some of the fossils assembled here c an not be fin mi n for carinse u n n s de itely deter ed , the are prod ced by thicke i g s u s n u s of nfi u n of the hell , which take p mo t of the i eq alitie co g ratio

and leave the in ternal mold almost circular in section . In some cases car nw the i appear to have been hollow . his f s s s an un s s s but descri T orm al o eem to be de cribed pecie , the p tion which I have been able to compose is too incomplete and too open to question in some particulars to make the introduction of a new

name desirable . Horizon and localit — Abo s n s n S n un ns s n y a d to e , a dia Mo tai ( tatio San n s f n En s n 3740a San n s A drea ormatio , gle ( tatio ) , A drea s n 3742f E n Bu s n and s un ( tatio ) , lepha t tte ( tatio Caballo Mo

ns s n 3738a 2 s f n San n s s n 3 42 . tai ( tatio ) Ye o ormatio , A drea ( tatio 7 g) 106 MAN ZAN O GROUP OF Rro GRAN DE V ALLEY .

NA'rroo r srs D EFO RMIS n . sp .

P ate XI ures 8 9. l , fig ,

S s s u i ns n in n s hell mall , globo e . Vol t o rapidly e larg g , ve trico e , each one n s of in so s embraci g almo t the whole the preced g , that the pire s and s s not fin In project little , ometime at all , above the al whorl . s s n f s s s w i has of the large t pecime re erred to thi pecie , h ch a height 12 and n s fin is mm . a diameter very early the ame , the al whorl greatly n and u has n n x u and i flated irreg lar . It broad , ge tly co ve pper lateral u es nn n un ns s rfac co ected by more stro gly ro ded portio . lateral _The su u u ns u u s and is rface abr ptly t r pward at the obliq e lower ide , in: n u i ns one u marked toward the marg by two a g lar pl catio , abo t mid and s s n s ns way the other ome di ta ce below . The e plicatio may be due ushi n but s s not s s su f to cr g , thi doe eem to be the ca e . The r ace is fine ns s ae In s of fi u marked by tra ver e stri . the maller the two g red s ns s n n u su u n pecime the e are early perpe dic lar to the t re , or eve are s f In one directed lightly orward . the larger they are directed u obliq ely backward . I am not quite satisfied that the forms here distinguished as a new . species are not in fact mere immature ex amples of that cited as Natico sis aff altone si s In of fi u n p . n . the smaller the two g red specime s n ul u us u u n we ote a slight s c s j t below the s t re o the last volution . O s in of s n of r n s therwi e , the height the pire , the directio the g owth li e , and in n s it is ff n Natico si s aff altonznsis other poi t , very di ere t from p . . In the larger specimen figured the direction of the growth lines is as in s s s n n and fu lirse ss the pecie la t me tio ed , , rthermore , the are po ibly s s ul su u s s omewhat fa cic ated toward the t re . The pire appear to be u but s u n is not as n as m ch lower , the la t vol tio deeply embraci g the s and n nu on in s n u other , if co ti ed the ame pla e wo ld leave a moder in s n s z Natico si s aff alton nsis ately high spire pecime s the i e of p . e . No more than a passing reference is needed to other American spe s s n is s n u s its cie from which the pre e t form di ti g i hed by very , low nd n Nati a 22 ransverse B spire a i flated body whorl . cell t eede hardly n s n s n hi s s in nfi u n eed to be amed here , i ce w le omewhat imilar co g ratio ’ u i difl e d n the sculpt re s very er nt an the spire disti ctly higher . Horizon and localit — s n s n S n M un ns s n y Abo a d to e , a dia o tai ( tatio 3798 and n n s n 3757 San n s f n ) Abo Ca yo ( tatio a) ; A drea ormatio , En n 3740 gle (statio a) .

NATICO PSI S ff ALTO N EN SIS McChesne a . y .

Under this title are included two specimens ; only one of them o f and s B u s l n m derately per ect well pre erved . oth are m ch ma ler tha n N alto sis f n f un n f h ormal . nen . The ollowi g brie acco t is take rom t e better specimen :

AN O 108 M ZAN GROUP or Rro GRANDE V ALLEY .

SOLEN ISCUS afi . ALTO N EN SIS Worthen .

P ate XI ure 6 . l , fig

M r 1884 . ac ocheilus s .? a cott U . S . eo . ur . Mon . 8 . 260 . 24 fi . 8 p W l , G l S v , , p , pl , g . L r r n u owe Carbonife ous limesto e : E reka Distric t; Nev .

s s i s is es n in our i n s ns Thi pec e repr e ted collect o by two pecime , but as in rn s s an they are te al mold for the mo t part , they form unsatisfactory basis for comparison with species in the litera ture

which have usually been described from testiferous examples . The present form is intermediate between the elongated and the sub

s s s of nus and has i z . So globo e pecie the ge , l ttle to characteri e it as can in it is s n n s u far be determ ed related to everal k ow form , tho gh I hesitate to identify it definitely with any of them :

s . One of those mo t closely resembling it is S alton ensis . In that species the point of greatest convexity is farther from the top o f i hi i s u i ns s i ss n the per treme , w ch g ve to the vol t o of the p re a le i flated

n an d s i iff n s . s m appeara ce , a l ghtly d ere t hape to the whole The a e

is u of S . ba na nas Whi is s s s s as S . a lton» tr e , ch perhap the ame pecie

ensis . S . newberr i and S . la nns s t but to y p are al o rela ed , appear

have a more elevated spire than the Manzano form . The circums tance that the highest convexity of the volution in these specimens occurs so near the suture may be connected wi th i n i n as in n s and hi nin of s the r co dit o ter al mold the t cke g the te t ,

whi ch usually occurs near the suture . his is i u s n s m hi c i n fi d T , w th little q e tio , the ame for w h Walcott de ti e 2 from the Eur eka district as Macrocheilus sp . — Hor izon and l calit . s n s n n n s i n 3757a . o y Abo a d to e , Abo Ca yo ( tat o )

SPHE RO D O MA aff . M ED IALI S Meek and Worthen .

o n b s This species is represented in ur collectio by ut two pecimens . The one u s x n s has better , tho gh otherwi e e celle tly pre erved , the in i spire partly concealed by closely adher g chert . It s less than f s z O f s n fi u and W n but hal the i e the pecime g red by Meek orthe , the s is s si i s i i u V i hi hape clo ely m lar , e pec ally to the r apert ral ew, w ch

s s us s ni n s i . s i eem to be a little tilted , th fore horte g the p re My pec men has a lower spire than that shown in the opposite V iew of the

. u i in f s n s type The apert ral v ew , which , act , corre po d rather badly

is s s i us . n with the other , al o omewhat more g bbo A other related s i s u s u r one is S . intercala r ia. pec e , tho gh al o a m ch la ger , The

Manzano form is somewhat more gibbous an d has a lower spire . s c n s im n hi is i s wi The e o d pec e , w ch very mperfect , agree th the

in hi n x siz . is u r n r as first everyt g e cept e It m ch larger , ve y ea ly

large as the typical example . P LEON OLOG A T Y . 109

The fossil un der consideration has a fold or denticle on the col um ella n x i of ur f ur hi is ear the lower e trem ty the apert e , a eat e w ch

a h er r is Soleniscns . n it is s u r t cha acter tic of I deed , omewhat do bt ful whether any but an artificial line distinguishes Sphaerodoma from S oicn iscns as n are s n ni ze in me i , the two ge era at pre e t recog d the A r f c an Carboni erous faunas .

' — H ori on a nd loca lit . San An s f n s un z y drea ormatio , Caballo Mo tain s (station 3738a ) an d Engle (s tation

E A A . SPHJE RO D O MA aff . T X N Shum ard

P ate XI ure 7 . l , fig

Th s is s n s ns .One O f in f i form repre e ted by two pecime , them airly

s s ff fr S . aff . m ia lis in good preservation . It eem to di er om ed being i z m u c h smaller and rather more inflated . It s c haracteri ed by its low s i and i us and in is u su s s p re g bbo body whorl , th partic lar gge t

’ ’ s e s s i s but s is as n W s identifi ev ral de cribed pec e , perhap ear to hite

- . i o f z cation O f S . tezana as to any It s only about ne ourth the si e of ’ W hi s s i n but w s s it s . te pec me , however , other i e agree with clo ely n o s s of s n u x e A ther pecie the ame ge eral type , tho gh greatly e c ed in in s z is S . r imi enia . S . ond erosa is s si in g it i e , p g p likewi e milar configuration .

i s n n fi as S haerodoma aff . media li s s L ke the pecime ide ti ed p , the pre o en t o ne also has a denticle near the extremity f the columella . — Horizon and loca lit . San An s f n s un ins y drea ormatio , Caballo Mo ta

(s t a tion 3738a) .

ORTHONEMA.

The group of shells here assigned to the genus Orthon ema was at fi s visi n Mnrchisonia and n r t pro o ally placed with , it may eve yet prove

to be necessary to return them to the Pleurotomariidae. The carin a rr f s in s ome examples of 0 . soco oense has much the appearance o a lit n and hi s s in i in hand u ba d , w le it eem real ty to be a car a , a may occ r O fin f n n j us t below or even u pon it . N structure de itely unctio i g as a s n has n s i in n a lit ba d , however , bee di covered , wh le their ge eral p pearance these Man zano forms are certainly more like the Orthonem as l uro o than any Pennsylvanian species of Murchi sonia or P e t mari a .

ORTH O N E MA SO CO RRO E N S E n . sp .

P ate XI ures 12 13. l , fig ,

- S sm n . H of a hell all , terete , elongate co ical eight rather large

s n 15 mm . s 4 . u ns u 1 1 . pecime , diameter at ba e mm , vol tio abo t The sides of this gradually tapering shell are almost absolutely

s and s . u ns u traight mooth The vol tio have a flat , obliq e lateral f nd u one n us of the ace a , the pper edge of bei g fl h with the lower edge AN AN O V M Z GROU P OF RIO GRAN DE ALLEY .

n nu us su f f x ur . n other , form a co ti o r ace rom ape to apert e The cha ge f of direction rom lateral to inferior surface is abrupt . The in ferior su f is n n x and n n x s so s r ace ge tly co ve early ormal to the a i , that almo t n the e tire height of each volution is seen . The angulation formed by the lateral and inferior surface is the position of a somewhat broad n s n s n its s n is on very low cari a re embli g a lit ba d , or, rather, po itio the lateral surface j ust above the angulation . The volutions overlap n n u n and ns u n O f o ly to the a g latio , co eq e tly to the lower edge the in so is s en u n n s n un car a , the latter e at rec rri g i terval , marki g their j c

n r s n s . s f tio , which othe wi e might have bee hardly vi ible A ide rom in u ns en u in s the car a , the vol tio appear to have be witho t mark g or E o sculpture of any so rt . ven growth lines do n t appear on the silicified specimens . u 13 of P XI s s an x x n Fig re late repre ent e treme e ample , betwee which and the typical one there are intermediate gradations . The structure which in the typical variety has been referred to as a. n and i s s e ne s u f in s cari a carc ly elevated above the ge ral r ace , thi s o pecimen projects as a distinct ridge near the base f the peritreme . It tends to appear as a spiral elevation througho ut the whole length of the shell j ust above the suture . The tendency of some of the s n n v n s O f su f s and in whorl to have ge tly co ca e i tead flat lateral r ace , s s s e n one not us its bu t ome ca e to me t the precedi g , fl h with lower edge , s n n u ss u s s ff . omewhat withdraw be eath it , do btle contrib te to thi e ect c rr n The relation of this form to typical 0 . so o oe se is somewhat A w do ubtful . t first I as dis posed to regard it as a wholly dis tinct s s and s u n s f pecie , perhap it wo ld have bee at lea t pre erable to give

s i . c rr it rank as a variety . In many respect ts relations to 0 so o oense so s s s for s n ns are clo e , however , that it eemed be t the pre e t to co ider it merely as a variation within n ormal specific limits . To a certain extent this form may be said to be intermediate between typical

c ma . a 0 . so orroense and the much larger species designated Orthone sp

n . an d Ortho ema sp b.

0 . socorr oense is s 0 . carbona r in m s clo ely related to , e pecially the n n but e n so is less is n variety with more projecti g cari a , ve it a d ti ctly

u e n s n 0 . carbona ri um s s t rreted , more ev nly co ical hell tha , be ide u s e so if of s n u being m ch mall r , that the ame le gth it wo ld have per haps twice as many volutions . “ dozierense fi s w s s s This form is so much like 0 . that at r t I a di po ed A l to regard both as belonging to the same species . detai ed com

s n s s n e l s n . pari o , however , eem to i dicate that th y are real y di ti ct

0 . dozi erense is s u n s s n if e d ba ed po a maller pecime , which dev lope to z c rr ens n n s the same si e as 0 . so o o e wo uld have co tai ed a con iderably

. c rr n h s n n larger number of volutions . 0 so o oe se a a appreciable cari a un n of an d nf su f es and in s s s at the j ctio the lateral i erior r ac , ome ca e

i

a Beede J . W . Kansas Un . Sc i . Bul . vol . 4 N o. 3 1907 . 168. , , iv , l , , , , p

1 12 M AN ZAN O GROU P OF Rro GRAN DE VALLEY .

T b. OR HO N EM A sp .

s s i s is r s n s n f s e n and is Thi pec e epre e ted by a i gle imper ect p cime , s a u no ns ns n related to p . , tho gh by mea to be co idered ide tical with s n un ns n us n n it . The pecime der co ideratio m t have bee , whe com

lete u 22 . n s su n 8 . p , abo t mm lo g , the diameter at the ba e mea ri g mm n n n Probably 10 volutio s were prese t . The ge eral shape of the shell is n ni but not u so for u n s s elo gate , co cal , reg larly , the pper portio eem n r n n is sub to have bee more rapidly tape i g tha the lower , which ‘ n f ls hon ma l cylindrical . The ge eral shape o the whor is as in Ort e s . a s s in n n in p , the ide be g ge tly co cave , with the car a located where su ns one is u in s in the lateral rface joi the lower , th feat re be g more di t ct O upon the upper half of the shell . N sculpture seems to have been s n and in s s s n f ff s 0 rthonema 2 pre e t , thi re pect the pre e t orm di er from s . a in surf of s is s . p , which the lower ace the whorl triated is s s an un s s s but for s Th al o appear to be de cribed pecie , the ame reason as in other c ases it has seemed best not to give it a new name . — Hor izon and localit . San n as f n s un ns y A dre ormatio , Caballo Mo tai (station 37 A CEPH LOPODA .

C ORTHO ERAS sp .

P ate XII ure 2 . l , fig

Of this type our collection has furnished a single specimen pre serving the living chamber and a few of the septal chambers below .

The size is rather large and the taper rather rapid . The section is and s n s n somewhat elliptical the iphu cle di ti ctly eccentric . The

2 19 . in . smaller end is 0 mm . by mm diameter The longer diameter 2 n o O f the larger end must have been abou t 6 mm . The le gth f the

n is 4 6 . On s 12 fragme t mm the smaller en d the iphuncle is inm . from

s nd . f n . is the farther ide a 7 mm rom the earer It very small . The su u s not s i but v - u n t re are tra ght , ha e a well developed , broad lobe po what may provisionally be called the ventral side . It is this side near which the siphuncle is situated and upon which the flattening chiefly occurs . Upon the dorsal side the sutures are directly trans s but e n u n u in ss of f m n ver e , lat rally they at rally be d pward proce or i g n n of z the ve tral lobe . The ormal height the chambers at this si e is

- 4 mm . one fifth as s n fin or the larger diameter , how by the al chamber on the s n as fi u and f rs pecime g red by two imper ect detached chambe , but us e i n is s 8 . i the chamber j t b low the l vi g chamber almo t mm , wh le n o s 22 there is some i dication f another eptum mm . above that forming as o a i a as n the b e f wh t s here reg rded the livi g chamber . This n arrow u n n e n a a se u but is groove po the i t rior mold may i dic te pt m , pro n a ns r x o A visio lly co ide ed a vari f growth near the real aperture . t

‘ n s u a in i of s all eve t , the irreg l rity the he ght the chamber may probably PA EON OLOG L T Y . 1 13

n as an n i n s m nis u be i terpreted i d catio that the peci e mat re , with a

rather short chamber of habitation . s fi ns of s f in s u but The peci c relatio thi orm are ome do bt , it may be s aid to be probably distinct from any of the species yet cited from s f z ou r W estern Carboniferous . By rea on o its locality and hori on ’ Marcou s Orthoceras novamezi ca nnm would in vite comparison ; but ’ Maroon s description and figure give very few of the really important

e s . 0 . novamezi cannm is u and if charact r very m ch larger , however , s n s n is in u s s is the pre e t pecime deed mat re , it eem probable that it a ’ ' ff s . bacu lum is s s r s s . di erent species . Meek 0 al o imila in some re pect

The siphuncle is larger and less eccentric . — Hor izon and localit . Abo s nds n Abo n n s n 3757 . y a to e , Ca yo ( tatio a)

L OE RA s M E I AN M CO O X C U n . sp .

P ate XII ure 1 l , fig .

S s su se x n n . us hell rather mall , bglobo , rapidly e pa di g Umbilic of

m u s z . D of s i n u 55 mm . edi m i e iameter type pec me abo t , width at

u u 35 . of u us 8 mm . S n subcir apert re abo t mm , width mbilic ectio

cular s su u . s u s n or omewhat bq adrate Umbilical ho lder di ti ct , the umbilical portions of the volutions being almost parallel to the

x s . s s s n n n an d un n a i The ide are lightly flatte ed , co tracti g above ro di g u n n su f is n ss grad ally i to the broad ve tral r ace , which ge tly depre ed

S s . Su s s n . n n or concave . urface mooth ture lightly i uated I disti ct s se u u n n an d a su f s s a lobe em to occ r po the ve tral l teral r ace , ep rated u s u s es s s n is on u i i s u by eq ally ob c re addl , who e po itio the mb l cal ho lder - H and the ventri lateral shoulder . eight of the chambers 4 mm . S un s u u f n iph cle it ated below the middle , abo t hal way betwee the

middle and the dorsal surface . s e n s nus Ooloceras u Thi form probably b lo g to the ge , tho gh the ‘ fain tly impressed ventral surface and the presence of an obscure

. m n m i ventral lobe sustain some doubt on this poin t 0 . exi ca u s cer tain l s n f A n s s not n in os y di ti ct rom the two other merica pecie , o ly p s ssin f ur s us n i n but in n n as e g the two eat e j t me t o ed , bei g arrower

well . — Horizon a nd localit s f i n A i s n 375 1e . y Ye o ormat o , lam llo ( tatio )

I L I . TE M N O C HE ILU S aff . W N S O W Meek an d W orthen

The subject of this description is a single fragmen t having a closely

quadrate section 35 mm . in both directions . The sides are straight

he en s u f i n x . an d parallel . T v tral r ace s gently co ve The dorsal side is n for an un n s n and uns u co cave determi ed di ta ce , r pward rather s n s s n s su f on n x tro gly at the ide , maki g thi r ace the whole more co ve

than the other . The umbilical shoulder probably no t well defined . — 3 9—0 9— 8 84259 Bull . 8 V 1 14 M AN ZAN O GROUP or me GRAN DE ALLEY .

hi n al and su f s f i s n W le the ve tr lateral r ace are a rly di ti ct , they appar

n no t in an n . is n is e tly do, meet a gle Th li e , however , marked by of r r n s su i u s n a row ve y la ge ode , which are bc rc lar , omewhat elo gate , as a as in i n u n and r 20 b lly at le t , the d rectio of revol tio , are p obably mm . or more apart . The siphuncle is of medium size and is about

f . 7 mm . rom the ventral border The sutures are very nearly straight and very nearly trans verse . There is perhaps a faint ventral lobe .

rs u 4 . in n n su f . The chambe are low , abo t mm height alo g the ve tral r ace

s f rs T. winslowi but is Thi orm appea to be related to , with little

‘ u s n s n one iff n n the ss ns s s of q e tio di ti ct , d ere ce bei g le tra ver e hape the

- ss s n . nz n f is in kn n cro ectio The Ma a o orm too completely ow , how

in its ns s s . f ever, to determ e relatio hip to other pecie More per ect material would p robably verify the foregoing description in the main . — ’ Hor izon and localit . Y eSo n Blackinton s an s n y formatio , r ch ( tatio 3750) and Mesa del Yeso (station 375 10 )

I TEM N O CHE LU S aff . CO N CHI FE RUM Hyatt .

s f e is es n f n Thi orm , like the oth r, repr e ted by very ragme tary s c ns f n n s n n f one of e : pe ime , the ollowi g ote bei g take rom th m u ns e n u nl n an d The vol tio appear to have b e rather grad ally e argi g, but s so s was s d lightly embracing , that the hape of the whole di coi al , l i with wide umbilicus . The shape of the section is transversely e lipt

a e n n of s s . is 34 cal , with bar ly perceptible flatte i g the ide The width

. is fo mm and the height 24 mm . The dorsal surface impressed r

- about one third the entire width . Indistinct traces of nodes have s u been observed along the ob c re ventrilateral shoulder . The character of the suture is not shown by the specimen furnishin g and x s u fu n the above data , other e ample too do bt lly belo g to the same species to make it desirable to include here data derived from them .

hi s f su s s T. conch em m in its s n but is ss T orm gge t if ectio , a le rap

' idly enlarging species . — Hor izon and localit . San An s f n N sta y drea ormatio , ogal Creek (

n 3744 an d s n A s n 375 1e . tio ) Ye o formatio , lamillo ( tatio )

H s . a . TEM N O C E I L U sp

The form included under this title appears to be closely related to s and n n n the la t , may prove eve ide tical with it whe both come to be . n h s better known . The chief reaso for dis tin guishing them a to do with the septa . In the best and most characteristic specimen

s s n of s is u 6 . referred to thi divi io the height the chamber abo t mm , s or considerably more than in the other . The sutures are al o more e d dis strongly curved . Th re is a distinct ventral lobe or sinus an a in s s or ess u n t ct lateral lobe , with addle more l well marked po the ventrilateral and umbilical sho ulders .

1 16 M AN ZAN O GROU P OF BIO GRAN DE V ALLEY .

I s s s s es s s n some re pect thi peci appear to be clo ely related to H.

wtoidea s in of s . s f , e pecially the topography the hell The hape , how is iff n and II wtoidea s s r ll- ever , d ere t , f eem to lack the f i like lamella s H herrickana n its n En which project from . ear margi . The glish s s H radia te is s s mi but s s u n d pecie . al o i lar , eem to be witho t the i flate n n i in s s u s ridgelike media portio wh ch partially clo e the two t bercle . n su in is and s ri J n s and The projecti g bmarg al plate broader t ated . o e Kirkby represent that structure as abruptly terminating on the poste end but u o ne of n s ns s a rior , altho gh or two the America pecime how corresponding appearance it mus t in these cases probably be ascribed s s of is H ema ciata to breakage . Mo t imilar all , however , . from which it is distinguished by the extreme prominence of the ven tral ridge and its continuation as such to the c ardinal border behind the u s s s s in posteri or t bercle . It eem to lack al o the hort ridge the post H n nd rimlike s . emacia ta s s dorsal a gle a the border a cribed to . Thi i s s of Hollina s n s in its ss n s the clearly a pecie , re embli g, perhap , e e tial , n H kolmodini n nif us s c s Devonia . rather tha the Carbo ero pe ie . — Hor izon and loca lit s f n San n as s n 3 42d y. Ye o ormatio , A dre ( tatio 7 ) .

Y H E RE LLA BE N N IE I J o n s Ki and B C T e , rkby , rady .

- P ate III ures 7 9. l V , fig

‘ i s ir nd r P l M r 1884 . C therella Bennie . one b a ad a . Soc . on . tish Foss . y J , K k y , B y , , B i

Biv Entom . Carbf . orm . t . 1 No . 2 . 70 . 6 fi s . 30 b 40 b 5a b . f , p , , p , pl , g , , , , , ; — 7a b . 7 fi s . 120 d . , ; pl , g

s s f s s s s ll s x The hell re erred to thi pecie are rather ma , eldom e ceed

in 1 . in n u as n g mm diameter , very early elliptical , tho gh occ io ally one end s n n n x is with lightly arrower tha the other . The co ve ity one end is en d n ff n low , thicker at , which the wider whe di ere ce of is Su f s width developed . r ace mooth . Two vari eties of this species are already known from the Ameri can P nns n n but f un ns n is s e ylva ia , the orm der co ideratio perhap more n En l s f u x diffi ul early like the typical g i h orm . It wo ld be e tremely c t o o n o ut ns n ffe n n s t p i t co ta t di re tiati g character . Horizon and localit — s f n San n as s n 3742d y Ye o ormatio , A dre ( tatio )

BA rRD rA O ID E N ALI S n s CC T . p .

P ate III ure 6 . l V , fig

S n ns s u n of s s hell very elo gate tra ver ely . O tli e dor al border lightly s nu n n x s s n in dl i ate . Ve tral border co ve , mo t tro gly bowed the mid e . An end un un P s r end um n Con terior bl tly ro ded . o te ior ac i ate . vexit hi so ss s n is n ul ne y gh , that the cro ectio early circ ar . O valve s n n u n s Su s tro gly overlappi g po the traight border . rface mooth . s f ff s f B cestr iensi s n A n Thi orm di er rom . , the o ly other merica rep resentative nus but is x in s mi of the ge , e traord arily i lar to the Waverly s ies i es as Pontoc r is ? acnmina ta su es n pec wh ch Ulrich d cribed yp , gg ti g , PALEON OLOG T Y . 1 17

an n Bai rdi a nz n f however, that it might be elo gated . The Ma a o orm s n s di ff n s f un in O i s n pre e t few ere ce from that o d h o , the mo t importa t whi ch I am able to in dicate being the more pointed anterior end O f the B occide a li s s ul s no ns as n latter . . nt ho d perhap t be co idered more tha ri but in of iff n in a va ety of the other , view their wide d ere ce geologic oul n x n un age it w d be i e pedie t to ite them completely . Horizon and localit — s f n San An s s n 3742 d y. Ye o ormatio , drea ( tatio )

T S H R EN O M I S UM A D IA N A n . sp .

P ate III ures 4 5 l V , fig , .

S s su su . S n n x s n hell mall , bovate to belliptical tro gly co ve , di ti ctly nn one end is n n thi er at , which that havi g the greater height whe an ff n in i u s . D s s y appreciable di ere ce he ght occ r or al border traight , n s us ns ventral convex . A deep arrow ulc begi a little below the s On s mi ddle and extends to the dor al border . either ide the in flated valve puffs up into two lobelike elevations . On the more convex s ns s i s un n as ide the elevatio omet me appear to be bl tly poi ted , or , it

n n in i u n su us . s were , termi ati g a l ttle t bercle ear the lc The two valve is n un u one n n n are d ti ctly eq al , overlappi g the other alo g the ve tral

and n x n n s . Su f s . border , to a certai e te t at the e d r ace mooth I am in some un certainty as to the generic relations of this form and also as to its orientation . The nuchal furrow suggests both En tomis and Pr imitia its s n s n , by tre gth perhap the former more tha the . W hi s n is is n n ui latter le the pre e t form d ti ctly i eq valve , P r imitia appears to have the two valves equal and Entomis nearly s o . Entomis is hi hl s ul u u u of Typically g y c pt red , tho gh a gro p smooth species is known . Perhaps the leas t important disagreement lies with Entomis . By an alogy with both genera the border against which the furrow is directed is the dorsal . If the identification with Entomi s is n n ss u ul correct , the arrower , more i flated , po ibly t berc ated end is n i s n u of Entomis is s in f n of a ter or , i ce the t bercle aid to be ro t v s the sulcus . It may pro e de irable to withdraw shells of this type f Entomis n is in and ssi new nu s us of rom i to a d t ct po bly a ge , beca e i s sur f and s a the r mooth ace trongly inequiv lve configuration .

No i n s s of Entomis kn n fr n f us Amer ca pecie are ow om the Carbo i ero , though an undescribed form fr om the Caney shale O f Indian Territory s n appear to belo g to that genus . Two American species of Primitia resemble the form under con s a n s . nd ider tio rather clo ely I refer to P . cestr iensi s a P . simula ns

K s s . B s s sum u and of the a ka kia oth pecie are pre ably more eq ivalve , both have a flattened border or flange the like of which is n ot found in the Manzano form . They are also less in flated and less distinctly

u . P . simulans u is s in f rrowed , however , tho gh larger , very imilar shape . — Hor izon and localit . s n San An s s n y Ye o formatio , drea ( tatio

3742d) . 118 MAN ZAN O GROU P or me GRAN DE VALLEY .

TRILOBITA .

SO G E A A . AN I PY IN O RN T n sp .

P ate III ure 12 . l V , fig

s s s is un u n u of win Thi pecie fo ded po the pygidi m , which the follo g description can be given .

S su i n ul s n c n x s n n . hape btr a g ar , tro gly o ve , lightly wider tha lo g u n s n n x n in in un un Lateral o tli e ge tly co ve , meeti g beh d a bl tly ro ded

n . x s s n s fin x n n s a gle A i tro gly elevated , harply de ed , e te di g almo t

s u n . xi s n s u 27 28 n to the po terior o tli e A al egme t abo t or , becomi g narrower and less distinct toward the extremity ; sharply defined

s iae. x s n s s but ss n by tr The a i arrow po teriorly , le rapidly tha the

- pleur al portions . Toward the fr ont it occupies less than one third s O f the width . A fairly distinct groove occur upon each side the xis ss n one—f u u f x fur s and a , le tha o rth the width p rom the a ial row , , n on e w s f bei g parallel ith the other , each meet the groove be ore reaching the posterior end . The axis spreads a little more rapidly s s and s n s s ns s below the e groove , the egme t , el ewhere directly tra ver e , make a backward turn and sometimes become less sharply defined

. N n s n O u s n s on u at them i e broad , tro gly bliq e egme t the pl ral u i i h portion . Sometimes narrow raised lines occ r n the str aa whic n e n in h separate them . The segme ts t rmi ate laterally a smoot

n fin on its nn s . N its flatte ed border , de ed i er ide by a groove ear u n is s n O u u ines o ter margi it marked by the le der , bliq e , irreg larly culatin lirse s of us n s s . g rather characteri tic cr tacea te t The border , fr in n z n on s s n s n s om be g early hori o tal the ide , be d dow ward po te riorl s n s end O f xis y to a more vertical po itio , which make the the a appear almost terminal when the pygidium is V iewed from above .

su f is fin nu but i u n n n . The r ace ely gra lar , w tho t other or ame tatio

A . r This species is closely related to p e annn la ta Shum ard . The sharpest distin ction is in the absen ce of rows of granules along the

s s of s n s . ff n s in nfi u n su as cre t the egme t Other di ere ce co g ratio , ch the greater width and the persistence O f the axial segments to the

u s s in s n u s n . f rrow , may al o prove erviceable di ti g i hi g them — Hor izon and localit . s f n s s s n y Ye o ormatio , Me a del Ye o ( tatio 1 n d 1 375 0 ) a Alamillo (station 375 e) .

AL 120 M AN ZAN O GROU P OF BIO GRAN DE V LEY .

3747 . i s s t of San Anton o . L me in u er ort on of red ds Two m es H ll ea i i pp p i be . il north of ime i n t rth l k l a Ca age .

T Lee 1905 . W . . .

3747a . ame as 3747 . L me rest n on sum d s on of red beds S i i g gyp ivi i .

T Lee . 1905 . W . . ’ 3750 . Near . F . Blackinton s ranch about 15 m es eas t of oc orro . L me near C , il S i sum s ri s f r s top of gyp e e o ed bed .

T Lee . 1905 W . . .

3751 . ec tion measured south of esa del Y eso near oc orro . L me n ear base of S M , S i

red beds .

T L 1905 . W . . ee .

1 am 3751 . Lime et een mass e art of bas e of red bed s and u r or 375 a . S e as b w iv p ppe sum s r s gyp e ie .

T Lee . 1905 . W . .

3751b ame as 3751a but 20 eet hi her . S , f g

7 1 0 ame as 3751s same stratum as 3751s . 3 5 . S ;

. T . L 1905 . W ee .

751d ame ime abo e the sum of the red beds . 3 . S ; l v gyp

. T Lee 1905 . W . .

7 1e Two m es east of ri er near A am o . 3 5 . il v l ill

i s 0 mi s east of ocorro . L me in U er red bed s . 3753. H ll 1 le S i pp

. Le . 1 5 . W T . e 90 At head of can on south of ra road ne and m e eas t of a d s r s 3757a . y il li il e e ted tone

a in About 50 et abo e base of red beds . Abo an on at south end f c b . fe v C y o an z n un ins M a o Mo ta .

T Le . 1 05 . W . . e 9

3796 . Two mi es south of Te on m dd e of red beds . l j , i l

. T L e 1905 . W . e .

797 . Road bet een O o d e San Francisco and Te on . dd e of red beds Ro 3 w j j Mi l . ad u runs from Bernalillo to Hag e coal fields .

W . T . Le . 1905 . . e

3798. O o de San Francisc o north of and a ounta ns . j , S i M i

. T L 90 . W . ee . 1 5

PLATE V I.

A E A . MEE KELL M XIC N A n . sp . (p

f ch r r s c s m FIGURE Ventral V i ew o a a ac te i ti peci en .

Side vi ew of same in outline . ors of m D al V i ew sa e . ta Ventral view havi ng more the configuration of M . stri aticos ta but with

very obscure plications . f m i o Side view o sa e n utline . s m Dorsal view of a e . Ventral view of a somewhat distorted spec imen with rather strong

plications . f s m n Side vi ew o a e in outli e .

Dorsal view . Dorsal V i ew of an immature specimen which has at this stage all the char

acters of an Orthothetina .

r i Vent al v ew .

Side view in outline . A r ors c o la ge d al valve with very fai nt pli ati ns . d i of sam in ou in Si e v ew e tl e . — The originals of figures 1 4 are from station 3740; that of figure 5 is ro s o 741 f m tati n 3 .

ME E KELLA STRIATICO ST AT A Cox (p .

n r i of s c me re erred to th s s ec ies . FIGUR E 6 . Ve t al v ew a pe i n f i p

a de ie of same in out ne . 6 . Si v w li

b Dorsa ie of same . 6 . l v w 51 The original of figure 6 is from station 37 . U. S . GEOLOGICAL S URV EY BULLETIN 389 PLATE V I

THE MAN ZAN O FAUN A

PLATE IX .

S E D M N O T I S RLnszvr n . P U O O s U s sp . (p .

R . r c h r s m FIG U E 1 A ve y a ac teristic pec i en .

2 . A n rro s m co s o i a w pec i en n iderably exf l ated .

3. A sma near er ec t s ec imen . ll , ly p f p Th ori in f r 1—3 r r m s tion 3742b e g als o figu es a e f o ta .

M 'rI H n PSE UD O O N o s B AW N I Meek and ayde 2 (p .

4 A sm s m ro is ona r rred to th s s c i . FIG UR E . all peci en p v i lly efe i pe es Th ori n f ur 4 is rom s o 740 e gi al O fig e f tati n 3 .

E T PE A E ET I D L O CT EN V N V L Beede (p .

5 r m Of h umbon o o of s c imen re erred to this FI G UR E . A f ag ent t e al p rti n a pe f

s ec es 2 . p i , x

5a . ie of the hin e ate sho in the trian u ar amenta it . V w g pl , w g g l lig l p

5 . f s m b Side V iew o a e . h o in f r 5 s rom s o 3742 T e rig al o figu e i f tati n .

Y A I A APAC H E I c M L N S Mar ou (p .

sm s m r rr d o this s c i s . FI GU R E 6 . A all peci en efe e t pe e A r m r s m r r h n he other but c ons derab sma er 7 . f ag enta y peci en la ge t a t i ly ll r m s s than the la gest for s plac ed in thi pecies . f r 5 The originals o figures 6 and 7 are f om station 37 7a . U. S . GEOLOGICAL SURV EY BULLETIN 389 PLATE IX

THE MAN ZAN O FAUN A

PLATE XI .

BU C AN O PS IS MO D E S A n s T . p . (p .

FIG UR 1 . Dorsa vie of a silicified s ec imen 2 . E l w p , X

l a . de ie of same 2 . Si v w , X

1b. Anterior e sho in c harac ter of the s t 2 . vi w , w g li X

10 . A ertura ie 2 . p l v w , x Th ori na o r is r s t e gi l f figu e 1 f om ta ion 3738a .

BELLERO PHO N MAJ U S C U LI ' s W a c l ott (p .

l HG U R E 2 . Dorsa e of a sma s ec imen than hich m uc h ar er tho u h ess l vi w ll w l g , g l

erfec t ones occ ur in t e co ec t on 2 . , ll i , x

2a e vi . . Si ew

A rtura i . 2b. pe l v ew The or ina of ure 2 is rom stat on 37 8a ig l fig f i 3 .

PH N E T E M M N Z N A RO R A A A ICU M n . s p . (p .

FIG UR 3. de ie of a lar e s ec men ith im er ec t s ire 2 . E Si v w p i w p f p , x

30 . O osite s de of t e same natura si ze . pp i , l

4 . SId i s s c m n com s r e v ew of a mall i e wi th plete pi e . T i s s r r t he orig nal of gure 3 and 4 a e f om sta ion 3751e .

O RT H E N IA ALAM ILLAN A n s W . p . (p .

FI d e of h t s cim n . G U R E 5 . Si e vi w t e ype pe e

5a . O osite side of same 2 . pp , x The or na of ur 5 is rom st t 37 1 igi l fig e f a ion 5 e .

'

SO LEN Ic s fi . A LT N E N S IS a O W orthen (p .

FIG U R 6 . d e ie of a s me reduc a m ost to a int rn m ol E Si v w peci n ed l n e al d . Th ri a of r is r m s e o gin l figu e 6 f o tation 3757a .

PH R M A ff . E N u S E O DO a T XA A Sh mard (p .

’ m in hu ar s s es 2 FIG U R 7 . de ie of a s ec men rese b S m d ec . E Si v w p i l g p i , X The original of figure 7 is from station 3738a .

NAT ICO P S I S D E F O RM I S n . s . p (p .

FIG U R 8. A ar e s ec imen seen rom abo e . E l g p , f v f sa Side view o me . ri r r o The o gi nal of figu e 8 is f om stati n 3757a .

A sma s ec m en seen rom abo e 2 . ll p i , f v , X

9a . am e sid e e 2 . S , vi w , X f r 0 i r s The original o figu e 1 s f om tation 3740a .

D E N A LIU M M E I A N U M n s . . T X C . p (p

' FIG UR 10 . S de ie of the t c a s ec im en 3. Assoc ated ra m ents nd c ate E i v w pi l p , X i f g i i ra r s z a conside bly arge i e .

10a . Sam e n atura mm i n out ne . , l li r i The origi n al of figu e 10 s from station 3738a .

L L PT N N P A G IO G Y A C A A W hite (p .

FIG U R 1 1 . The oun er ort on of a s ecim en show n the stra ht sha e and th e E y g p i p , i g ig p '

absence of Ion tudinal str ae 2 . i , x 1 is r t 3751 The origin a of figure 1 f om sta ion e .

RT H O N E M A SO C O R R E N S E n . s O O p . (p .

FIG UR 12 . Sid e v ew of the t e s ec men sho n er re u ar ro th x 2 . E i yp p i , wi g v y g l g w ,

i v f s ec im n o ess r u ar c onstructIon . 13. S d e iew o e f l eg l m st on 3751 The origi n als of figures 12 and 13 are fro ati e . U. S . GEOLOGICAL SURV EY BULLETIN 389 PLATE XI

THE MAN ZAN O FAUN A

PLATE XII .

CO LO C E RA S M E I A N U M n s X C . p . (p .

' FIGUR 1 . ide ie of the t e s ec imen sho in the se tation E S v w yp p , w g p

l a . O os te side hich reta ns the she and so sho s the c on urat on pp i , w i ll w fig i

6 ntra e f sam . 1 . Ve l vi w o e h ri r 1 is l o T e o ginal of figu e from station 375 .

R HO E RA S s O T C p . (p .

2 i f n ra side of a s ecimen of undeterm ned affin t es . FIGUR E . V ew o ve t l p i i i

2a . ide ie of same sho in the cur ed suture . S v w , w g v

26 End e in out ine . . vi w l 2 is r s The original of figure f om tation 3757a . U. S . GEOLOGICAL SURV EY BULLETIN 389 PLATE XII

THE MAN ZAN O FAUN A

138 G EN ERAL I N D EX .

Pag e .

R chardson G . B . on Ab o Can on rocks . 21 30 Sand a Mounta ns oss ls of i , , y , i i , f i R co format on corre at on of 42 43 roc s of i i , l i , k

Rio Grande re on ma of . 8 sect on in gi , p i

Rio Gran e a e red bed s of . S ee Man ures s o n d v ll y , fig h wi g

zano rou . Stanton T . W . oss s determ ned b g p , , f il i y 35 Strat ra desc r t on of ig phy , ip i rocks near summary of — section near 34 35 table showing figure showing 34

Salt occurrence of 11 W te D a d and Kno ton F . H . oss s , hi , vi , wl , , f il — San Andreas lims tone descr t on of . 12 13 33 , ip i , 14 40 W tehorse san stone corre at on of 43—44 hi d , l i . — 49 W ard N . Mex. oss s near 21 ill , , f il 22 21

San An reas Mounta ns foss s of 11 d i , il description of 24 2 —9 l 2 5 I 26 7 29 45 4 n e of 22 figures showi g . vi w Sand a format on descr t on of i i , ip i INDEX OF FOSSILS.

N ames in ita li c are synonyms; figures in ita li c denote illustrations ; figures in black face i nd icate d es criptions.

A .

Acanthopecten carboniferus Card iomorph a sp Allerism a capax Cephalopoda Chaenomya leavenworthensis C aetetes m i r sp h llepo aceus .

r Chonetes s . Allorisma capa . p C id aris miinsteriana Leavm warthemi s urii Clei h r d i ni i regularis ot y i na issour ensis Clin i subcuneata op stha " ra ata va lrevis 72 subcuneatum di r

termina te sp CrE l nte ta AnISOpyge inom ata e ra Col 11 oce O O ras O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 3 perannulata O O O Arch zcoc idaris ni exicanum 23 24 49 Com s t ar entea 68 cralis po i a g

i nexicana . 29 A stana gibbosa , — btilita . 21 23 26 34 68 2 Astartella gurleyi su 7 Co r a s 38 subquadrate 46 49 nula i p C reni ecten hallanus 88 sp p ( ‘ ' clo ora s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o A lizyris argmtea y p p l ' 2 subtilzta Cypricardia l het lm 8 Cvtherella benniei 1 16 128 Aviculipec ten m ccoyi , oklahomensis D sp D eltopecten coreyan us —89

Aviculipinna . m anzanic us neb ras ens s 21 27 28 29 43 46 48 78 mcco i k i , , , , , y perac uta 21 23 35 38 46 occ identalis 84 oklah omensis 8) — 87 vanvleeti . 43 46 48 86 87 - 87 D entalium acutisulcatum 95 n 42 87 can a , mex canum 28 46 49 95 96 13 i , , . , , 4 sublaeve 95

vanvleeti 86 36

' ’ A viculop cctzn occzdenta lzs 85 D erbys sp

' ' D ielasma bovid ens . 35 36 38 A viculopinna nebraskensis . 78 , , D omatoceras s 115 peracuta . p

Baird ia

cestriensis

occ dental s —l l 7 128 i i ,

Bakewellia .

ar a . 10 p v , 44, 79 Be ero o ' ll ph n carbona rius var . aubpapillosus 99 crassus 1 36 , 01 inspeciosu s 100 ma usculus 19 23 26 27 28 29 42 46 3 j . , , , , , , , , 1 4 subpapil losus 99 textilis 102 sp Brachiopoda Bryozoa Bucan i ops s marcouiana . mo esta 2 4 — d 3 7, 104

textilis 1 2 - 9. 8. 29, 47, 49, 105 139 140 I N D EX O F FO S S"LS .

Pa e g . Pag e. Eupachycrinus sp 36 35 Eu em s ph u carbonarius 100 N ucula 72 75 , ins cc ios p us . 23 24 26 27, 46 49 100 , , , , , , 74 nodicarinatus 100 levatiformis 26 46 4 , , 8, s a ill s - ub osu 19 46 49 99 100 var . p p , , , ob qua 46 48 75 182 li , , , 74 76

O . O rth - la atriumcosmi c 54 ' O rlhm na .ll isaou ricm ia 54 Gas - teropod a . fie 119. occidental is 54 S huma rdia na H . 54 O rt oceras baculum h . 113 novamevicanum 113 47 — 5 2 , 116 , D 1 35 36 O rthonema car bonarlum 110 109- 112 dozierense socorroense —1 11 134 texanum 111

S 23 - P .x , 35 47 49 110 111 112 Laccop teris 33 , , , , O rthothetina Led a — obesa 21.23, 46 , 48.76 77 O stracod a - ’ 115 117 Limopteria Marian P Lophophyllum p rofundum . Parallelod on carbo ri sp na us 35 obsoletus 29 46 4 — Loxonema rugosum , , 8, 77 78 Patellostium nod icostatum 19 21 23 47 49 1 , , , , , 02 , 103 P ecten clearcland fcus . 84 missouriem i s . 84 Manzanella occidental is 84 ellip tica Margi nifera cristo b alensis Pernipecte n hayd eniana Phanerotrema brazoense ngrata i manzanicum 19 23 24 49 — , , , , 96 97 98, 134 manzanica . marcouianum 97 splend ens

Meekella m ex cana 27 46 48 53— 51 55 12 i . . . , , 4

striaticostata 21 .23, 48. 54, Plagiogly ta 15 19 23 24 26 27 46 49 4 p , , , , , , , 5 , 55 Metac eras wal tti 3 oc co 5, 36 3 Platyceras nebraskense 8 Mod ola subelli tica 35 93 i p , 2 8 i m r h es e Mod o o p a d i d rata . Pleurophorella costata 82 Mogulia . 102 8 s 28 47 49 1 - 1 p . , , 02 08 b art tus 23 4c 4s 92 132 Mollusca 42 ip i , , , I i 2 - neek Mono teria mar an . 19 1 48 78 79 p i , mex canus 23 27 46 i r y r l n u s 109 ob o g subeostatus 24 44-45 46 49 94 98 , , , , 9 2 1 subcuneatus 1 3, 6 fii 23 29 46 49 91 93 82 ta , , , , ,

4 — tro ido horus 93 21 23 27 29 44 46 8 81 82 , 130 p p sp 82 Pleurotomaria 82 Pleurotomariid aa - 35 P licrrlula. striatoc ostata 35 Polypora sp Pontoc ypris acumi nata m i i Pri t a.

cestriensis simulans P roductus asper

aspera s .