National Power Grid Strengthening Project (RRP TKM 49370-002)

Initial Environmental Examination Report

Project No : 49370-002 May, 2018

TURKMENISTAN: TKM POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Prepared by the Ministry of Energy, Government of Turkmenistan for the Asian Development Bank

The Initial Environmental Examination Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

i

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person CR Critically Endangered CSO Civil Society Organization EHS Environment, Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EN Endangered GDP Gross domestic product GIS Geographical Information System GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IA Implementing Agency IBA Important Bird Area IBAT Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool IEE Initial Environmental Examination IFC International Finance Corporation IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards IR Involuntary Resettlement IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature JFPR Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction Km Kilometre kV Kilovolt KWh Kilowatt-hour LC Least Concern MG Miligram MOA Ministry of Agriculture MOE Ministry of Energy MNP Ministry of Nature Protection MOC Ministry of Culture MOG Ministry of Oil and Gas Industry and Mineral Resources MMA Ministry of Municipal Affairs MPH Ministry of Public Health and Medical Industry MWE Ministry of Water Economy MW Megawatt NGO Non-Governmental Organization

ii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

OHSP Operational Health and Safety Plan OM Operations Manual ADB OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PIC Project Implementation Consultant PIU Project Implementation Unit Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 PMU Project Management Unit REA Rapid Environmental Assessment RoW Right of Way SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition SCEPLR State Committee of Environment Protection and Land Resources SEE State Environmental Expertise SPS Safeguard Policy Statement ADB TSP Total Suspended Particles UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe VU Vulnerable WHO World Health Organization

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

iii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011

iv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Table of Content

Executive Summary ...... I - X 1. Introduction ...... 4 1.1. Rationale ...... 4 1.2. Nature, Size and Location of The Project...... 5 1.3. Purpose, Scope, Methodology, Content and limitation of IEE study ...... 5 2. Description of the Project ...... 9 2.1. Rationale ...... 9 2.2. Project Components ...... 10 2.3. Project Scope : Supply Component Under ADB and Government Funding : ...... 10 2.4. Key Design Specification based on Environmental Considerations: ...... 11 2.5. Transmission Line Alignment with over view of route conditions ...... 11 2.6. Location of Substations with Overview of Site conditions...... 12 2.7. Sources of material supply and mode of transportation, storage and installation ...... 13 2.8. Implementation Schedule and Cost of Project ...... 13 3. Legal and Administrative Framework ...... 17 3.1. Turkman Environmental Legislation and International Standards ...... 17 3.1.1. Environmental Legislation and its applicability ...... 17 3.1.2. The Environmental Assessment and Approval Process ...... 18 3.1.3. National and International Environmental Standards...... 18 3.1.4. National Institutional Framework ...... 19 3.1.5. International Convention and Protocols ...... 20 3.2. ADB Safeguard Requirements as Per SPS09 and Project Categorization ...... 20

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 1

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

4. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT...... 22 4.1. Background (Study Area, Methodology, References, etc.)...... 22 4.2. Site Description and Its Environmental Salient Features...... 22 4.3. Physical Environment ...... 24 4.3.1. Topography ...... 24 4.3.2. Geography of Turkmenistan ...... 25 4.3.3. Drainage and Land Use pattern ...... 25 4.3.4. Geology & Soil ...... 27 4.3.5. Seismicity ...... 27 4.3.6. Natural Disasters ...... 28 4.4. Climate ...... 29 4.5. Water Environment ...... 29 4.6. Air Environment...... 30 4.7. Biological Environment ...... 33 4.8. Forest and other wooded lands ...... 34 4.9. Protected Areas of Turkmenistan ...... 36 4.10. Flora ...... 37 4.11. Avi Fauna (Birds) and Important Bird Areas of Turkmenistan ...... 37 4.12. Other Fauna ...... 43 4.12.1. Mammals...... 43 4.12.2. Reptiles ...... 43 4.12.3. Amphibians ...... 43

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 2

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

4.13. Species under threat of extinction and protected species ...... 43 4.14. Socioeconomic Environment ...... 44 4.14.2. Archaeologically Protected Areas:...... 45 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 47 5.2. Impact during Design/Pre-Construction Phase ...... 52 5.1.1. Impact on Land Use and Soil quality ...... 52 5.1.2. Impact on Ecology-Terrestrial Flora - Fauna...... 52 5.1.3. Impact on Ecology – Avifauna ...... 52 5.1.4. Impact on Ambient Air Quality ...... 56 5.1.5. Impact on Ambient Noise Levels ...... 56 5.1.6. Impact on Occupational Health and Safety ...... 56 5.1.7. Impact of Natural Hazards ...... 56 5.3. Impact during Construction Phase ...... 57 5.3.1. Land Use ...... 57 5.3.2. Ecology...... 57 5.3.3. Water Resources ...... 58 5.3.4. Air Quality...... 58 5.3.5. Noise Levels & Vibrations ...... 59 5.3.6. Traffic ...... 60 5.3.7. Socio-economic -Quality of Life ...... 60 5.3.8. Occupational Health & Safety and Community Health Safety & Security ...... 60 5.4. Impact during Operation Phase ...... 61 5.4.1. Impact on Noise Levels ...... 61

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 3

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

5.4.2. Occupational Health & Safety and Community Health Safety & Security ...... 61 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE ...... 64 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 71 7.1. Implementation Arrangements ...... 71 7.2. Effective Implementation of Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase…………………………………………………………………………………………………… ..76 7.3. Environmental Standards for operation and maintenance of Various Civil Interventions, and Operations…………………………………………………………………………………………..76 7.4. Environment Monitoring Plan(EMoP)……………………………………………………… 76 7.5. Monitoring Responsibility for Implementation of EMP…………………………………… 77 7.6. Reporting Requirement for EMP and EMoP………………………………………………...77 7.7. Trainings & Capacity Building…………………………………………………………………77 7.8. Emergency Response and Preparedness Plan and Contingency Response Plan……..78 7.9. Environmental Management Budget………………………………………………………...78 7.10. Grievance Redress Mechanism………………………………………………………………78 8. CONCLUSION ...... 89 8.1.Ecological Conclusion of the State Committee for Environmental Protection and Land Resources of Turkmenistan ...... 89

List of Tables Table 3.1 : National Laws and Codes for Environment Protection ...... 17 Table 3.2 : National criteria for air pollution assessment ...... 19 Table 3.3 : International Conventions and Agreement Signed by Turkmenistan ...... 20 Table 4.1 : Environmental Setting ...... 22 Table 4.1 : Available water resources ...... 30

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 4

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Table 4.2 : Air Quality of Study Area ...... 31 Table 4.3 Statistical Details of IBA of Turkmenistan ...... 38 Table 4.4 : List of Identified Important bird areas of Turkmenistan ...... 41 Table 4.5 : Quantitative correlation of vertebrate species of Turkmenistan ...... 43 Table 4.6 Summary of Each Province with area and population of Turkmenistan...... 44 Table 5.1 Impact identification and screening matrix based on interaction of project activities with Valued Environmental components ...... 48 Table 5.2 Noise Levels from construction Machinery ...... 59 Table 5.3 OSHAS Noise Exposure Limits for The Work Environment ...... 60 List of Figures Figure 1.1 : Sub Projects Location Map ...... 8 Figure 1.2 : Transmission Line Network Region of Turkmenistan ...... 8 Figure 2.1 : Location of Project Component with Alignment Map...... 12 Figure 4.1 : Environmental sensitivity Map along Project component area/alignment...... 24 Figure 4.2 : Topographical Map of Turkmenistan ...... 25 Figure 4.3 Drainage Pattern of Turkmenistan ...... 26 Figure 4.4 : Land use Map of Alignment RoW and 2 km Buffer Area...... 27 Figure 4.5 : Seismic Hazard Distribution Map (Source: WHO, 2010)...... 28 Figure 4.6 : Flood Hazard Map of Turkmenistan...... 29 Figure 4.7 : Pollutant emissions in 2000-2013 ...... 31 Figure 4.8 : Ecosystem distribution ...... 34 Figure 4.9 : Forests and other wooded land ...... 36 Figure 4.10 Protected Areas of Turkmenistan ...... 37 Figure 4.11 : Location of Important Bird Areas and Protected Areas of Turkmenistan...... 39 Figure 4.12 Important Bird Area of Turkmenistan as per IBAT...... 40 Figure 4.13 : Presence of Important Bird Areas close to Proposed/existing Transmission ...... 41

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 5

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Figure 4.14 : Cultural Monuments of Turkmenistan ...... 46 Figure 5.1 Wing Span of One of the largest Bird Vulture (Gyps fulvus) with outstretched wings at take-off...... 54 Figure 5.2 View of Insulation at terminal structure and take off structures...... 54 Figure 5.3 View of Perch Guard Devices, Lin Marker and Collision Monitor...... 55

List of Appendix Appendix 2.1 : Rapid Environmental Assessment (Rea) Checklists ...... i Appendix 3.1 : International EHS standard, Guidelines and Exposure limits...... iv Appendix 4.1 : List of Total number of Birds of Turkmenistan ...... vi Appendix 4.2: List of Globally Threatened Bird Species...... xx Appendix 4.3 : List of Sea Birds ...... xxi Appendix 4.4: List of Water Birds ...... xxii Appendix 4.5 : List of Migratory Birds...... xxvii Annexure 4.5 : List of Land Birds ...... xxxvii Appendix 4.6: Globally Threteaned Species in Turkmenistan ...... xlv Appendix 6.1: Attendance Sheet Sedar Key Stakeholders ...... xlvii Appendix 6.2: Attendance Sheet Dashoguz Key Stakeholders...... xlviii Appendix 7.1: Guidelines for Debris and Solid Waste Management ...... xlix Appendix 7.2: Selection and Management of Construction/Labour Campsite ...... li Appendix 7.3 Occupational Health And Safety Management Plan ...... lv

1. Introduction

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 6

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

1.1. Rationale

1. Turkmenistan is an energy self-sufficient country with access to grid connected electricity to all its population. It has one of the largest reserve of gas1, ranked 4th in the world. Most of the power is generated using natural gas in the country. Government, through investment in generation infrastructure expects about 2000 MW of excess power generation capacity to be available from 2020. Turkmenistan plan to export electricity to neighbouring countries as a value-added product from natural gas. It plans to maximise its energy export in the region with availability of excess electricity by fast tracking its domestic and export related transmission infrastructure to its regional markets. Reliability and quality of power are essential of power infrastructure for uninterrupted power supply especially for export. Any supply disruptions to its export is a net loss of foreign currency revenue from export. Government is giving priority to the modernisation of transmission and distribution network in order to enhance power supply reliability. The project provides for a network of power transmission lines that are escaping and reconstructed in five main regions (velayates): Dashgouz, Balkan, Akhal, Marry and Lebap. Strengthening links between the region and establishing a national backbone is in line with above key priority and objective of the government. The Government of Turkmenistan has requested ADB to help finance its plans of rehabilitation of existing and construction of new transmission line including sub stations, connecting different region of the country.

2. ADB’s 2017–2021 country partnership strategy for Turkmenistan2 will help the country to become a key catalyst for regional cooperation and integration by diversifying its markets and positioning the country as a trade and transit hub. The strategy identified the export of excess power by way of Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan–Tajikistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan power interconnection initiatives. The proposed project is also aligned with ADB’s 2018-2019 country operations business plan for Turkmenistan. The business plan supports the government’s objective of diversifying the economy by investing in energy infrastructure. Key areas of assistance in the country assistance result areas include: (i) energy generation and electricity transmission; (ii) energy efficiency in generation and loss reduction in transmission; (iii) crossborder power trade; and (iv) capacity building and institutional strengthening. Development outcomes associated with these result areas are increased power exports and increased electric interconnections with neighbouring countries.

3. In line with its above strategy, and as per request from GT, ADB will only finance the supply of goods for (i) construction of new and rehabilitation of existing transmission lines, (ii) construction and extension of new sub stations, (iii) transmission line construction equipment and (iv) installation of telecommunication system at substations. The State Energy Corporation “Turkemenergo’ – The Implementing Agency, will finance the civil works for the transmission lines, and substations included in this project. The Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction will finance the capacity building for project implementation and assist Turkmenenergo in

1 According to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2008, in 2007 Turkmenistan had proven natural gas reserve of 2.66 trillion m3 . As per current estimate this reserve is expected to be in the range of 8 to 26 trillion m3 2 ADB. 2017. Country Partnership Strategy: Turkmenistan, 2017-2021. Manila.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 7

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

preparing the company’s financial statements in accordance to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).The outcome of the project will be , improve power quality, increase energy sector efficiency and overall increase energy export capacity, in Turkmenistan enabling reliable supply to national customers and maximize regional cooperation, and power export opportunities to neighbouring countries.

1.2. Nature, Size and Location of The Project 4. The project components are located in all the region of Turkmenistan except Mary region (Figure 1.1 and 1.2). It will include substation development at Dashoguz, Balkanbat, Yurt, Serdar (West), Gyzylarbat, and substation extension at Serdar (East) and Ashgabat (Gurtly). Project will include construction of three new transmission line connecting Dashoguz to Balkan ( 560 Km) , Yurt to Dashoguz ( 25 Km) Balkanabat-Balkan-Serdar (West)-Ashgabat (Gurtly) ( 450 Km) and rehabilitation of the Serdar (East)-Dashoguz ( 355 Km) transmission lines.

5. “Turkemenergo’ will undertake the civil work for substations at Dashoguz, Balkan, Yurt, Serdar (West), Gyzylarbat, Gurtly, and Serdar (East), and construction of new transmission line from Dashoguz to Balkan, Dashoguz to Yurt, and Balkanabat- Balkan-Serdar (West) to Gurtly.

6. Proposed alignment of transmission lines has been realigned considering environmental sensitivities. All the natural habitats identified important bird areas, agriculture areas and water body have been bypassed in the finalized alignment. The sites selected for new sub stations are barren land away from habitation and devoid of any vegetation or faunal movement. Consultations with key stakeholders in Dashoguz and Balkan regions (velayates) and with some local community members, were undertaken to obtain their view about environmental and social aspects of the proposed project. Category “B” is being proposed for the project and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report is prepared. IEE is proposed to be disclosed at websites of ADB in English and Ministry of Energy in Turkmenistan’s local language. 1.3. Purpose, Scope, Methodology, Content and limitation of IEE study 7. In this report, the different activities that are likely to take place to achieve the project objectives, have been analysed and the potential impacts that may accompany them have been discussed. ADB funding support is limited to material supply, but linked activity, though financed by Turkmenergo will have direct impact on environment. This IEE, therefore covers the impacts associated with equipment supply as well as construction and operation activities. The IEE report is prepared as per ADB safeguard requirement (SPS 2009) and IFC Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution and is based on Technical and alignment details provided by (i) TurkmenEnergo Design Institute and Turkemenergo’ , (ii) various country reports especially Environmental Performance Reviews of Turkmenistan by UNECE, 2012 (iii) Environmental Sensitivity analysis about Important Bird Area by Bird Life International (iv) Field visits to project component areas and transmission line alignments (v) Consultations with Government institutions and public representatives, (vi)

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 8

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Inputs from subject experts. This IEE is carried out based on most up-to-date subproject details and technical specifications provided by TurkmenEnergo Design Institute during the preparation of this report. Some changes in alignment and further design details may occur at the detailed designing stage

8. Assessment has been carried out to identify the impacts of the construction and operation of transmission line and substations on land use, air, water and noise environment and ecology with more emphasis on avifauna. To mitigate the potential impacts, appropriate measures have been proposed in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Outcome of stakeholders’ consultations have been referred for identifying the mitigative measures. The 80% of the country area is covered by Karakum Desert. The large portion of the alignment passes through this desert area. The substation sites are also proposed to be located away from habitat area and on Barren land. Therefore, public consultations were limited to Govt institutions and public representatives only.

9. The corridor of impact has been considered as 50 m on either side of Transmission line alignment. However, study area for detailed impact assessment is considered based on influence area consideration which may vary from 50 m to 500 m depending upon various environmental component viz air, water etc. Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques have been used based on recent satellite imageries of the project areas for above purposes. The scope of the IEE studies has been confined to project related activities associated with design, construction (e.g. Site clearing, material sourcing and transportation, construction camp management, labour camp management, tower erections) and operation stages. The IEE report is presented in eight chapters, which includes this introduction and chapters on description of project activities, legislative and institutional framework, description of baseline environment, anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures, environmental management plan, public consultation and disclosure, and conclusion. Qualitative & quantitative impact assessment approach is followed to analyse the impacts on air, noise, land, Important birds’ area, ecology and other valued environmental components.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, May’ 2018 9

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 11

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

2. Description of the Project

2.1. Rationale 10. Turkmenistan is largely a desert country of about 5.7 million people with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and significant natural gas and oil resources. The two largest crops are cotton, most of which is exported, and wheat, which is domestically consumed. Although agriculture accounts for almost 8% of gross domestic product (GDP), it employs nearly half of the country’s workforce. Hydrocarbon exports make up 25% of Turkmenistan’s GDP. The country’s economic performance is significantly dependent on external demand for its hydrocarbon resources and their prices in the global market. Power export to neighbouring country is seen as another source of revenue.

11. The electrification rate of Turkmenistan is close to 100%, however, the transmission and distribution networks are largely obsolete, built during the Soviet era, and are in need of rehabilitation and expansion. System losses on the 500 and 220 kilovolt (kV) system average annually about 1,130 gigawatt-hours (GWh) or 4.6%. The transmission system also experiences on average 76 faults over its 6,154 kilometres of line for an average failure rate of 1.2% per kilometre per year. Of the total, 90% of faults are transient faults. Energy not supplied as a result of a lack of system reliability averages 10.1 GWh per year, 40% of which is due alone to the 220 kV line between Serdar and Dashoguz. The transmission system needs strengthening as well to meet growing domestic demand estimated at 2% per year over the medium term.

12. Turkmenistan is ranked 4th in the world with 8 trillion cubic meters of proven reserves of natural gas. With a small domestic energy market whose energy needs are met, the government’s policy is to expand the power sector and export electricity generated from natural gas to international markets, such as, Afghanistan. Afghanistan has an electrification ratio of about 30% and 20 million people with no access to electricity and will need to increase imports of electricity to raise the electrification ratio and meet the growing domestic demand. The government also envisions the export of electricity via Afghanistan and Uzbekistan to energy deficient Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic (in winter when hydropower output is low) and Pakistan and increasing electricity exports to Iran. The government is currently in talks to connect with the Central Asia power system, from Serdar (East) to Uzbekistan, to export at least 400 MW of power.

13. Power delivery to the domestic and international markets will require a reliable highvoltage transmission network. Strengthening transmission links between the regions is a key government priority for improving power supply reliability for domestic and current and future electricity exports. A new 500kV transmission corridor for Serdar (East)-Dashoguz- Balkanabat is needed because Dashoguz has insufficient local generation (254 megawatts [MW]) and needs alternate ways to supply another 200 MW from other regions. The Serdar (East)Dashoguz-Balkanabat transmission line will also create a 500 kV ring system to help

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 13

achieve an N-1 redundancy standard.2 A 25-kilometer single circuit 220 kV transmission line is also needed to connect Dashoguz with the power plant at Yurt. The reinforcement of the Gurtly-Balkanabat 220 kV transmission corridor will provide an N-1 standard and ensure efficient energy transfers between the Balkanabat and Akhal (Ashgabat) regions. In addition, substations at Serdar (East) and Gurtly need to be extended, new greenfield 500/220 kV substations at Balkanabat and

2 N-1 redundancy is a form of resilience that ensures system availability in the event of component failure. Components have at least one independent backup component.

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Dashoguz need to be constructed, and existing 220/110 kV substations at Serdar and Yurt need to be replaced.

2.2. Project Components

14. Project Components Include construction of 3 new transmission lines, upgradation of 1 existing line, development of 5 new sub stations, and extension of 2 existing substations as per the details summarised below:

A. Construction of new Transmission line

i. Development of 500 kV single circuit Balkan to Dashoguz (length about 560 km) ii. Development of 220 kV double circuit Gurtly (near Asghabat) to Balkanabat almost parallel to existing 220 kV double circuit line of about 450 km length. iii. Development of 220 kV single circuit Dashoguz to Yurt of about 25 km length

B. Upgradation of Existing Transmission lines

iv. Existing 220/500 kV Dashoguz to Serdar East line upgradation to 500 kV Installation of additional towers and replacement of insulators (length 350 km)

C. Construction of new Sub Stations

i. Development of 500/220 kV substation at Dashoguz ii. Development of 500/220 kV Sub Station at Balkan iii. Development of 220/110 kV Serdar (West) (Shifting of this substation, about 10 km away from existing location, in non-residential area) (Existing substation which is surrounded by residential areas will be retained for training purposes) iv. Development of 110/10 kV substation at Gyzylarbat v. Development of 220 kV at substation at Yurt

D. Extension of Existing sub-stations

i. Extension of 220/110/10 kV Gurtly Sub substation ii. Extension of 500/220 KV Serdar (East) sub station

2.3. Project Scope: Supply Component Under ADB and Government Funding: 15. Procurement under ADB financing will include supply and delivery of:

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 15

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

(a) All equipment, parts, and materials for the construction of substations and transmission lines (in one package). (b) Construction equipment for the construction and installation of substations and transmission lines (Second package) (c) Supply and installation of SCADA system (Third package).

16. Procurement under Government financing will include all Civil Work and installation services 2.4. Key Design Specification based on Environmental Considerations:

17. The transmission line alignment and technical features are design considering various environmental features as summarised below:

i. A Minimum distance of 50 m, average 80 m will be maintained between transmission line (ROW) and habitat, agriculture area, water body or gas pipe line. Ground clearance of 7 m will be maintained between insulator to ground from safety prospective. ii. To prevent bird electrocution, minimum conductor separation distance is proposed as per international standards and practices which will be as follows: a. 500 kV Tower: 3.3 m horizontal and 6.8 m vertical directions: insulator in horizontal placing b. 220 kV Tower: 3.9 m Horizontal direction and 3 m in vertical direction, insulator in hanging placing iii. Similarly to Minimum distance between Jumpers to tower will be maintained as : a. 500 kV Tower: minimum 6 m distance b. 220 kV Tower: minimum 4 m distance iv. Other Bird Protection measures: a. Provision of perch guard for birds b. Likely provision of line marking devices near Important Birds Areas to avoid birds’ collision with transmission line. c. Likely provision of bird’s reflector on top of every tower 2.5. Transmission Line Alignment with over view of route conditions 18. The transmission line from Balkan to Dashoguz substation ( 560 km long ) primarily passes through the desert area with no habitation or protected area around. It does not cross any water body as well. It runs parallel to gas pipeline with a minimum separation of 400 m against the norm of 50 m from Dashoguz to Darwaja area. A separation distance of 500 m will be maintained between two towers. The access road used for gas pipeline will be used for this pipeline as well. In other section from Darwaja area to Balkan, movement will be made through desert area with no construction of new road. Near Balkan, one Important Bird Area (IBA) falls close to this line. The original alignment was passing through the Kaplankyr National Reserve and IBA which was realigned and shifted towards desert about 25 km away from this reserve due to environmental considerations. The ROW of 25 m is considered for this alignment. The alignment location is shown at Figure 2.1.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 16

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

19. The transmission line from Gurtly (near Asghabat) to Balkanabat (about 450 km long) runs along the existing 220 kV transmission line. A distance of 50 to 80 m is being maintained between existing and proposed transmission line. As per presidential decree agriculture land and water resources has to be avoided for construction of new transmission line. This new line will though pass along the existing line but will bypass residential areas and water resource area including Gokdepe reservoir and will maintain a minimum distance of 50 to 80 m from these areas. No protected biodiversity area lies close to this transmission line, however four IBAs are located close to this transmission line namely Gurtli, Kopetdagkhovudan, Chokrak-tutli and Kurendag-garagoz. Dashoguz substation (new) to Yurt substation (about 25 Km long) will also follow the above criteria and will maintain a distance of minimum 50 to 80 m from habitat and water bodies. No IBA falls close to this transmission line. The alignment location is shown at Figure 2.1.

20. The upgradation of existing 220/500 kV Dashoguz to Serdar line will only involve installation of additional towers and replacement of insulators with no change in existing alignment. However, this line also runs close to four IBAs namely Khorezm, SoltansanjarDuyeboyun, Gorelde, and Nargyz. The birds’ protection measures such as birds’ reflectors will be installed on towers of this transmission line alignment as well. The alignment location is shown at Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1 : Location of Project Component with Alignment Map

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 17

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

2.6. Location of Substations with Overview of Site conditions 21. The new 500/220 kV substation at Dashoguz is likely to be located on a land area of 16000 m2 . The land is free from any vegetation. Only few shrubs are found. The nearest settlement is located at about 7 km from the site. The site is directly accessible from highways. Water supply for construction purposes will be sourced from central Water Supply system located at about 4-5 km. This site is proposed to be shifted to other location in the same area with similar site siting features. The new 500/220 kV Balkana sub station is again located in the desert area devoid of any vegetation and .is about 800 m away from the road. Water will be sourced from the central water pipe line. Labour camp and construction camp will be setup at these sites itself. The new 220/110 KV Serdar (West) substation will be set up again on barren land (semi desert land) about 250 m away from from the Asghabat – Balkanabat highway and about 10 km away from existing Serdar (East) substation. The nearest habitation is located at about 3 km away from this site. Development of new 220 kV substation at Yurt and Extension of 110/10 kV substation at Gyzylarbat, 500/220 kV at Serdar (east), 220/110/10 kV at Gurtly will be set up adjacent of existing stations on govt land. The site condition is shown at Figure 2.2

22. The project is not likely to involve any land acquisition and resettlement. According to Turkmenenergo, all construction activities will be undertaken on idle land already owned by the government or within the premises of existing facilities which are not occupied by nontitleholders. Turkmenenergo has also confirmed that the project activities will not involve any involuntary resettlement and that there are no settlements near the locations proposed for construction of new substations.

23. The oil is used for insulation purposes for circuit-breakers, current- and voltage transformers, capacitors, and station service transformers. No oil is disposed of separately. All oils are sent to central facility for cleaning and reuse.

2.7. Sources of material supply and mode of transportation, storage and installation 24. The bulk equipment will be bought through international bidding. The construction material will be sourced locally. Water will be sourced from central water supply system. The quarry material will be sourced from about 1.5 km away from Balkan site. All the material will be transported through road. All project component is connected through road network and material transportation is unlikely to cause any congestion on the roads.

2.8. Implementation Schedule and Cost of Project

25. The cost of the project is about 658 million USD and is likely to take about 5 year (till year 2023)

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 18

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

View of 500_200 Balkhan Sub station

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 19

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

View of proposed new serdar west sub View of Existing 220 kVA transmission line station

View of Serdar West sub station

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 20

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

View of Gurtli Substation and Existing 220kV Transmission Line

View of Dashoguz Substation site Site View of Dashougz sub station

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 21

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

View of area close to Gas pipeline for Dashoguz to Balkan Transmission line

Figure 2.2 View of Substation Site Consitions of and Select Transmission Line Alignment Areas 3. Legal and Administrative Framework

3.1. Turkman Environmental Legislation and International Standards

3.1.1. Environmental Legislation and its applicability

26. Turkmenistan has enacted many environmental laws and codes for different aspects of valued environmental component. It has framed various environmental standards as well and are described at Table below:

Table 3.1 : National Laws and Codes for Environment Protection

S. No. Law/Code Key Objective Requirements Applicability/ Remarks 1. Law on nature protection The main law in the field of environmental Applicable: It defines that 2014 protection and natural resources Environmental Assessment of management. any development project is to be carried out.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 22

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

2. Law on ecological It carries information about the procedure Applicable: According to the Expertise, 2014 for carrying out state expertise. law for the implementation of any economic activity, it is necessary to obtain a positive conclusion of the environmental impact assessment. In accordance with this law, the EIA (environmental impact assessment) is prepared for approval by the relevant organizations of Turkmenistan. 3. Law on protection of Details air quality standards and pollution Applicable: This mandates atmospheric air 2016 (it control and monitoring requirements that air quality monitoring is to replaces 1996 law on air be carried out by the project protection) developers during construction and operation stage both as accordance with the law on envoironmental expertise. 4. Law for Protection and Regulates matters related to protection Limited applicability. rational Use of Flora, 2012 and use of natural vegetation 5. Law for the Protection and Regulates matters related to protection, Limited applicability. rational Use of Fauna, use and reproduction of the animal world 2013 6. Law for specially protected Legal, environmental, economic and Not Applicable: no protected Natural Areas, 2012 organizational basis for the creation, area falls in the proposed management and protection of unique project area. IBA are not natural complexes, which are of national covered under this Act. wealth and national property for the benefit of present and future generations. 7. Forest Code Regulates relations in the use and Not Applicable: no forests Turkmenistan, 2011 protection of forests, contains general area falls under the proposed provisions on the functions, membership project of forests and forest funds and regulates the use and restoration of forest resources

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 23

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

8. Law on waste Household waste should be handled by Limited Applicability: management, 2015 authorized bodies in the sphere of Requires effective waste municipal services and local management which is likely to selfgovernment bodies; medical waste - be generated during the authorized body of state construction and operation stage. administration in the field of public health Turkmenistan does not any and medical industry; The State law yet on handling and Committee for Environmental Protection disposal of waste oil. The and Land Resources - exercises state generator like control over compliance with the TurkmenEnergo in this case. legislation; The rest of the waste (such as used transformer oil) should be handled by the relevant authorities - such as "Turkmenenergo" (for this project). 9. Code of Turkmenistan Regulates water relations, rational use of Applicable: to the extent use On Water, 2016 water or the needs of the population, and of water and sourcing it from economy, as well as protect the rights of authorised sources enterprises, institutions, organisations, and citizens “daikhan" in the field of water relations. Source: Compilation based on different legislative references and verification through SCEPLR.

3.1.2. The Environmental Conclusion and Approval Process

27. As per Law on Nature Protection and Law on Ecological Expertise, it is essential to prepare OVOZ (local EIA) for every developmental project by local agency licensed by State Committee of Environment Protection and Land Resources (SCEPLR).. The project authority has to submit this report to SCEPLR for environmental conclusion. EIA report must also provide quantitative assessment of air pollution using appropriate prediction models and make budgetary compensation provisions as required in line with mitigation measures proposed. EIA should also provide ecological assessment as per law pertaining to flora, fauna, protected areas and forests. It takes about 3-4 month to complete the process after receipt of OVOZ document by SCEPLR.

3.1.3. National and International Environmental Standards 28. Turkmenistan has defined National Standard for Air pollution Assessment. The same is given at Table 3.2. It is proposed to draw reference to international standards and guidelines with respect to sewage, noise, electrogenic exposure limits and the same are given at Appendix 3.1.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 24

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Table 3.2 : National Criteria for Air Pollution Assessment Maximum allowed Maximum allowed Substances Substance concentration, concentration, mg/m3 code mg/m3 Maximum Average one-time daily Solid 01 0.5 0.15 substances (dust) Cement dust 89 0.3 0.1

SO2 02 0.5 0.05 CO 04 5.0 3.0

NO2 05 0.085 0.04 Nitrogen oxide 06 0.4 0.06 Formaldehyde 22 0.035 0.003 Phenol 10 0.010 0.03 Ammonia 19 0.20 0.04 Chlorine, Cl 14 0.10 0.03 Hydrogen 08 0.008 - sulphide Hydrogene 13 0.02 0.005 fluoride (Source: Different reference documents and verification at SCEPLR)

3.1.4. National Institutional Framework 29. Turkmenistan has system of delegating the environmental responsibility to most relevant department depending on the type of project and activity. The details of key concerned ministries are given below:

A. Ministry of Energy (MOE)

30. The Ministry of Energy MOE is the state authority responsible for management of the country’s electricity sector. The Ministry includes Turkmenenergo State Electric Energy Corporation, a vertically-integrated entity managing all state The Ministry of Energy is the executing agency, Turkmenenergo the Implementing Agency (IA). Turkmenenergo is responsible for waste oil management generated from power sector in the country.

B. State Committee for Environment Protection and Land Resources (SCEPLR)

31. The SCEPLR is the main governmental institution that deals with issues related to the environment. This committee is responsible for the Environmental Impact Assessment and the issuance of environmental conclusion, that is responsible for the conduct of the state ecological expertise (SEE). The State Committee also supervises a number of its subordinate organizations, including among others: five velayat (provincial at Akhal, Balkan, Dashoguz, Lebap and Mary) branches; Ecological monitoring service; nine national nature reserves;

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 25

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

National Desert, Flora and Fauna Institute; Forestry Administration; Forestry seed production and natural park protection service; Journal “Environmental culture and nature protection”; Design Institute “Turkmenertaslama”.

C. Ministry of Public Utilities (MPU)

32. The Ministry is in charge of water resources research, planning, development, and distribution. It also undertakes the construction, operation, and maintenance of the irrigation and drainage networks. Water allocations are regularly reduced in order to promote savings and to satisfy the demand from new users and to increase the water flow to the Aral Sea.

D. The Ministry of Municipal Affairs (MMA)

33. is responsible for domestic water supply and wastewater treatment.

3.1.5. International Convention and Protocols 34. Turkmenistan is signatory to very few conventions and protocols as given at Table 3.3. None of these convention or Protocols has direct bearings on the project activities.

Table 3.3 : International Conventions and Agreement Signed by Turkmenistan Sl. No Convention Name

1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Nairobi 1992 2. Framwork Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) New York 1992 3. RAmsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance 1971 4. UNESCO World Heritage Convention

5. United Nations Convention to combat Desertification (UNCCD) (Source : Birds Life International) Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Dangerous Goods and their Disposal The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol Aarhus Convention 1998 The Tehran Convention

3.2. ADB Safeguard Requirements as Per SPS 2009 and Project Categorization

35. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS2009) defines the criteria of categorising a project based on intensity of environmental impacts from its activities. The rapid environmental assessment was undertaken for this project as per ADB Standard

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 26

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Checklist for transmission lines to analyse the nature and extent of environmental impacts (Enclosed as Appendix 3.2).

36. Proposed alignment of transmission lines has been realigned considering environmental sensitivities. Under this project, all the natural habitats, identified important bird areas, agriculture areas and water body have been bypassed in the finalized alignment. Dosoguz to Balkan transmission line alignment has also been shifted away from the Kaplankyr state reserve towards the desert area for the protection of birds. The sites selected for new sub stations are barren land away from habitation and devoid of any vegetation or faunal movement. As such project impacts during construction stage are expected to be limited, insignificant and site specific due to civil works and inappropriate disposal of waste transformer oils and other wastes. These impacts can be minimized using effective waste management and good site management practices. Impacts during the operation stage are related to electrocution or collision of birds and will be minimized with design measures. Occupational health and safety risks are also anticipated during construction stage and maintenance activities which will be addressed in the EMP.

37. Considering above impacts proposed project is proposed as Category B. According to SPS 09 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report are required to be prepared for category B projects. ADB’s environmental consultant for Turkmenenergo has prepared this IEE to meet the requirements of SPS 2009 through a single safeguard process for both ADB and Government funded activities. Acceptable IEE report by Ministry of Energy and ADB will be disclosed at ABD website in English and in Turkmenistan in local language.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 27

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

4.1. Background (Study Area, Methodology, References, etc.) 38. Generation of environmental baseline of a project area is an important phase of any Environmental Assessment process. Baseline data provide vital information on the existing environmental quality in which a development is planned. It is also useful for delineating environmental sensitive areas and for preparing an Environmental Sensitivity Map for contingency planning. In this study, the environmental characteristics of the project area were established through site visits, expert’s consultation, extensive literature search, stakeholder consultation and data interpretation.

39. The corridor of impact has been considered as 50 m on either side of Transmission line alignment. However, study area for detailed impact assessment is considered based on influence area consideration which may vary from 50 m to 500 m depending upon various environmental component viz air, water etc. 4.2. Site Description and Its Environmental Salient Features

40. The sensitive features like protected areas, reserves and Important Birds Area, water bodies, etc close to Transmission line alignment and Sub Stations areas were identified and are summarised at Table 4.1. The environmental sensitivity map is given in Figure 4.1.

Table 4.1 : Environmental Setting Project area (50 Within beyond 500 m S. No. Environmental Features M either side) 500 1 Ecological Environment

Presence of Wildlife Hasardag Reserve

Sanctuary/ (36 km SW) A None National Park/Biosphere Kopetdag Nature None Reserves Reserve (30 km S)

- None None B Reserve & Protected Forests

… About 42 additional IBAs C Important Bird Area None

Wetland of state and national None Caspian Sea D None interest

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 28

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Migratory route for wild None Amu darya Nature E None animals reserve None Amu darya Nature F Migratory routes for birds None reserve Domestic Domestic Yes G Presence of Terrestrial Fauna Animals Animals No water Yes ( fishes) No water body H Presence of Aquatic Fauna body present present 2 Physical Environment Flat desert Flat desert and small I Topography Flat desert hillocks Ashgabat Vary depending upon the area. Ashgabat to to Balkanabat : Balkanaba t : High High risk zone risk zone

J Seismicity Dashoguz to Dashoguz Balkan : low to to Balkan : medium risk low to zone medium risk zone Gokdepe Karakum Canal, K Surface Water None reservoir, Water Reservoirs, Agriculture Agriculture, desert, , desert, habitation, habitation, waterbody Baran, Desert waterbody Sandy desert and L Land use Land Sandy grey brown soil desert and grey brown soil Ausgabat, Ausgabat, Balkanbat, Balkanbat, Serdar, Serdar, Gokdepe, M Nearest Cities None Gokdepe, Baharley, Bamy Baharley, Bamy None Bahai House of N Archaeological Monuments None Worship ( Source : Expert’s compilation based on various secondary data collection and site visit verification)

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 29

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

( Source: Expert’s compilation based on various secondary data collection and site visit verification Figure 4.1 : Environmental sensitivity Map along Project component area/alignment 4.3. Physical Environment 4.3.1. Topography 41. Most of the surface located in Turkmenistan is a flat desert. The Garagum (Kara Kum) desert occupies all of central Turkmenistan, from the northern to the southern border. The Kopetdag Range extends along the central part of the southern border with Iran. In far eastern Turkmenistan, extent of the Pamir–Alay Range includes the country’s highest point, Mount Ayrybaba, which is 3,137 meters high. The Krasnovodsk and Ustirt plateaus dominate northwestern Turkmenistan. Along the Caspian coast, elevations are at or below sea level for as much as 150 km inland. Ashgabat, capital of Turkmenistan lies in an oasis at the northern foot of the Kopet-Dag range and on the edge of the Karakum Desert, about 19 miles (30 km) from the Iranian frontier. The topographical map of Turkmenistan is given in Figure 4.2.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 30

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Figure 4.2 : Topographical Map of Turkmenistan

42. The Asghabad (Gurtly) to Balknabad Transmission line alignment traverses through the desert and is in foot hills of the Kpet Dag mountain. Topography through out the transmission line alignment and substation area are almost flat. The elevation along the alignment varies from 80-200 m amsl. The Dashoguz to Balkan alignment also runs entirely in flat desert area.

4.3.2. Geography of Turkmenistan 43. Turkmenistan lies between latitudes 35° and 43° N, and longitudes 52° and 67° E. Over 80% of the country is covered by the Karakum Desert. The centre of the country is dominated by the Turan Depression and the Karakum Desert. The Kopet Dag Range, along the southwestern border, reaches 2,912 metres (9,554 feet) at Kuh-e Rizeh (Mount Rizeh).

4.3.3. Drainage and Land Use pattern 44. Almost 80 percent of the territory of Turkmenistan lacks a constant source of surface water flow. The main rivers of this region located only in the southern and eastern peripheries and few smaller rivers lies on the northern slopes of the Kopetdag. The most important river is the Amu Darya, which has a total length of 2,540 kilometres from its farthest tributary, making it the longest river in Central Asia. The Amu Darya flows across north-eastern Turkmenistan and is the main source of water for irrigation and other work in Turkmenistan

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 31

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project through network of canal. River's average annual flow is 1,940 cubic meters per second. Other major rivers are the Tejen (1,124 kilometres); the Murgap (852 km); and the Atrek (660 km). A total of 49.12 million hectares are irrigated and drained which are located in all velayats (district), but largest irrigated areas are in Balkan and Akhal velayats.

45. The hydrology of Turkmenistan is determined by the runoff of the Amudarya, Tedjen, and Murghab Rivers and the major man-made “river” – the Karakum Canal. Alignment does not traverse through any waterbody. (Refer Figure 4.3 for drainage pattern) All water bodies are bypassed while finalizing the transmission line alignment. The Karakum canal runs along the proposed alignment from Ashgabat to Balkanbat.

( Source: Subject expert preparation based on data analysis and site verifications visits) Figure 4.3 Drainage Pattern of Turkmenistan

46. The entire transmission line from Dashoguz -Balkan alignment pass through desert area. The Asghabat-Balkanabat alignment also passes mostly through barren & desert area. Land use of RoW (50m) of alignment and 2 km buffer is given in Figure 4.4. Proposed project will not alter the land use of the area.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 32

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

(Source: ubject expert preparation based on data analysis and site verifications visits) Figure 4.4 : Land use Map of Alignment RoW and 2 km Buffer Area 4.3.4. Geology & Soil 47. Sandy desert and grey-brown soils cover the largest area of the country. The dominant soil type is desert sandy soil (38.7 per cent of the territory) and sierozem, grey desert soil (25.5 per cent). Pure sands cover 9.1 per cent of the territory and often move under pressure of the wind (deflation). These sand drifts are called barkhans. Takyr and takyr-like soil cover 10.4 per cent of the territory. Saline soils (solontchaks) occur in 5.5 per cent of the territory. The remainder includes alluvial soil (0.2 per cent), mountain brown soil (0.6 per cent), humic gley soil (2.7 per cent) and bare soil (7.5 per cent).

4.3.5. Seismicity 48. As per Seismic Hazard Distribution Map, provided by world health organization, in 2010, the region from Asghabat to Balkanabat lies in high risk zone with peak ground acceleration range of 2.4 to 4 m/s2, and the region from Dashoguz to Balkanbad lies in low to medium risk zone with peak ground acceleration of 0.2 to 2.4 m/s2 as shown in Figure 4.5.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 33

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

( Source: WHO Publications 2010) Figure 4.5 Figure 4.6 : Seismic Hazard Distribution Map (Source: WHO, 2010) 49. In recent past 10 Earthquakes of small magnitude varying from 4.1 to 4.9 was felt between 6th Feb 2017 to 7th Jan 2018 with centre located in Balkan region ( near Turkmenbasy, Serdar, Gumdag, Balkanabat, and Bojnurd) 4.3.6. Natural Disasters 50. Major natural disaster in the country is earthquake only. Other than earthquake, other natural disasters includes mudslides, droughts, dust storms and floods. Flood hazard map of the Turkmenistan is given in Figure 4.6. As per flood hazard map, project area lies in low and very low flood hazard area.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 34

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Source: National Committee for Hydrometry, the cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan Figure 4.7 Flood Hazard Map of Turkmenistan 4.4. Climate 51. The climate of Turkmenistan is continental and extremely dry. This is due to the peculiarities of atmospheric circulation, the intracontinental location of the country, the nature of the underlying surface, and the presence of mountain ranges in the south-east and south. Summers are usually very hot and dry. Air temperature is highest in July. In the south-west, and in the central part of the Karakum Desert, the average monthly temperature of the air in July exceeds 32º C. Elsewhere, it varies from 27-30º C. The absolute maximum (48-50º C) was recorded in the central and south-eastern Karakum Desert. Precipitation occurs mainly in the spring and ranges from about 80 mm per year in the northwest desert to as much as 305 inches in the mountains.

52. Ashgabat has an arid climate with hot, dry summers and cool, short winters. The average January high temperature is 8.6 °C (47.5 °F), and the average low temperature is −0.4 °C (31.3 °F). Snow is infrequent in the area. Annual precipitation is only 201 mm. March and April are the wettest months, and summer drought, from late June to September, is virtually absolute. In Balkanabat, the average annual temperature is 17.6 °C. About 140 mm of precipitation falls annually. The climate of Dashoguz is a cold desert with long and hot summers. Winters are relatively short, but quite cold. The precipitation is scarce throughout the year, with an average of 100 mm (3.93 in). The minimum and maximum temperature in city is 11 °C and 23 °C respectively. The average wind speed in the region is 15 km/hr from 2017 to 2018.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 35

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

4.5. Water Environment 53. The surface water resources are river Amu Darya and other small rivers. There is practically no surface run-off on the territory of Turkmenistan. The episodic run-off can occur only in some places after rains of more than 3-5 mm. This local run-off and reserves of groundwater form the water resources of the desert of Turkmenistan. The annual water discharge from all water resources of Turkmenistan is given at Table 4.1

Table 4.1 : Available water resources River/source Annual discharge km3/year Amu Darya River 22.000 Murgab River 1.631 Tejen River 0.869 Atrek River 0.354 Small rivers, large 0.150 springs Total surface water 25.004 Total groundwater 1.269 Total 26.273 Sources: NEAP, 2002; Ministry of Nature Protection, 2011.

54. Surface Water Resources: Turkmenistan’s surface water resources include (i) the rivers formed beyond the country’s boundaries, such as the Amu Darya, Atrek, Murgab and Tejen Rivers, and small rivers of the eastern and central Kopetdag area and (ii) 20 small rivers of the northern slopes of the Kopetdag Mountains and more than 350 dry river beds in Greater and Lesser Balkhanov and Köýtendag. The Amu Darya River is classified as being moderately polluted. More than 5.3 billion m3 of collector-drainage water is discharged into the river from irrigated land. During the period of spring floods, the mineralization level reduces to 0.43-1.38 g/l. The chemical composition of water in the Karakum Canal corresponds to the chemical composition in the Amu Darya River

55. Ground Water Resources: Ground Water aquifers are dispersed and occupy relatively small areas. About 134 locations are identified where fresh water is available in the country of expected capacity of more than 3.3 km3/year. At present 1.12 km3, 689 m3/year is being extracted at present.

4.6. Air Environment

56. Air quality in Turkmenistan is mostly influenced by the geographical character of the country i.e. deserts and semi-deserts which represent 80 per cent of the total area, and seashore, very low air humidity and generally good dispersion conditions. One specific problem lies in the increasing areas which are saline and polluted by dust blowing from the dried seabed of the Aral Sea to Dashoguz Province. Of the total agricultural land (40.2 million ha), more than 1.7 million ha (4.2 per cent) are affected by increasingly frequent salt dust

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 36

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

storms. Figure 4.7 below shows emissions segregated for 1990 and over the period of 2000- 2013

(data from the Digest of the State Statistics Committee) in Turkmenistan region. Figure 4.8 : Pollutant emissions in 2000-2013

57. Environmental performance review of Turkmenistan was performed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Newyork and Geneva, in 2012. Air quality monitoring was carried out of seventeen manual monitoring stations located in six big cities including Ashgabat, Balkanabat. Dust (TSP), SO2, N2O and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are measured at all stations, CO at Ashgabat, formaldehyde and phenol in Ashgabat, and chlorine in Balkanabat3. Annual average concentrations of major air pollutants in Ausgabat, Balkanbat, Dashoguz, Mary and Turkmenbashy from 2005 to 2009 are given at Table 4.2. Table 4.2 : Air Quality of Study Area City Pollutant 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Averaging Turkmenistan EU µg/m3 WHO USA 3 3 3 period µg/m µg/m µg/m Ashgabat Dust (TSP) 400 400 400 400 200 24 hrs Max 150 - - - value 500

3 Environment control service of State committee on Environment Protection and Land resources of Turkmenistan, atmospheric air monitoring is done both regularly at fixed monitoring stations as well as periodically by way of route and under-plume observations. Samples are collected as per the established procedures 3 times a day, namely at 7 am, 1 and 7 pm by monitoring stations (14 in total) set up in major national cities, including 5 in Ashgabat.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 37

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

SO2 30 40 40 40 20 24 hrs Max 50 125 20 365 value Hour 500 - - - - 150 - - CO 3000 3000 3000 3000 2000 24 hrs 3000 - - - Max value 5000 - - - 8 hrs - 10000 10000 10000 NO2 40 40 40 40 40 24 hrs Max 40 - - - value 85 - - - Hours Year - 200 40 200 - - - 100 NO 10 10 10 10 20 24 hrs Max 60 - - - value 400 - - - Phenol 5 5 5 5 5 24 hrs Max 30 - - - value 100 - - - Formaldeh 18 18 18 17 15 24 hrs Max 3 35 - 100 (0.5 hr) - yde value - - - Balkanab Dust (TSP) 200 200 400 300 300 24 hrs Max 150 - - - at value 500 SO2 10 10 20 20 20 24 hrs 50 125 20 365 Max value 500 - - - Hour - 150 - - NO2 10 10 20 20 20 24 hrs 40 - - - Max value 85 - - - Hours - 200 200 - Year - 40 - 100 NO 10 10 20 10 10 24 hrs Max 60 - - - value 400 - - - Chlorine 10 10 10 10 10 24 hrs Max 30 - - - (Cl) value 100 - - - Dashoguz Dust (TSP) 300 300 300 400 300 24 hrs Max 150 - - - value 500 SO2 50 50 50 50 50 24 hrs 50 125 20 365 Max value 500 - - - Hour - 150 - - NO2 40 40 40 40 40 24 hrs 40 - - - Max value 85 - - - Hours - 200 200 - Year - 40 - 100 NO 30 20 30 30 30 24 hrs Max 60 - - - value 400 - - - Mary Dust (TSP) 200 200 300 200 300 24 hrs Max 150 - - - value 500 SO2 20 20 20 30 20 24 hrs 50 125 20 365 Max value 500 - - - Hour - 150 - - CO 4000 3000 4000 3000 3000 24 hrs 3000 - - - Max value 5000 - - - 8 hrs - 10000 10000 10000 NO2 20 20 20 20 20 24 hrs 40 - - - Max value 85 - - - Hours - 200 200 - Year - 40 - 100 NO 20 20 20 20 20 24 hrs Max 60 - - - value 400 - - - Turkmenb Dust (TSP) 300 300 200 200 200 24 hrs Max 150 - - - ashy value 500 SO2 200 190 220 210 200 24 hrs Max 50 125 20 365 value Hour 500 - - - - 150 - - CO 4000 4000 5000 4000 4000 24 hrs 3000 - - - Max value 5000 - - - 8 hrs - 10000 10000 10000 NO2 60 60 60 70 70 24 hrs 40 - - - Max value 85 - - - Hours - 200 200 - Year - 40 - 100

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 38

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

NO 30 20 30 20 20 24 hrs Max 60 - - - value 400 - - - H2S 1 5 5 04 04 24 hrs Max 8 - - - value Source: Ministry of Nature Protection, 2010; European Union; World Health Organization; United States; Environmental Protection Agency

58. All the parameters were found within Turkmenistan standards as per max value but as per 24 hours averaging value, dust value is higher than the given standards for all the locations which can be explained by the considerable contribution of total suspended pollutnts of natural origin. Similarly, SO2 level at location Ashgabat is within standards of Turkmenistan, but it is high as per WHO standards. At locations, Mary and Turkmenbashy, CO level (24 hours averaging) value is high as per Turkmenistan standards.

4.7. Biological Environment

59. Turkmenistan’s biodiversity is globally and regionally important because of its biogeographically location between the European, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Asian floral and faunal regions includes at least 20,000 species described, including more than 7,000 plant species (of which about 3,200 higher and nearly 4,000 lower plant species, about 13,000 species of animals, including 720 vertebrates and about 12 thousand - invertebrates).

60. The landscapes of Turkmenistan are dominated by the low land deserts and xeric shrublands of the Karakum Desert, which account for some 79 per cent of the country’s area (Figure 4.8). There are also lakes (many temporary) and smaller rivers, most of which end blindly in the Karakum Desert or are entirely used for irrigation. Anthropogenic landscapes include oases and the 1,445 km Karakum Canal. Although the medium-height mountainous areas of Kopetdag, Badkhyz, Balkhan and Kugitang occupy only 2 per cent of the territory, they harbour two thirds of the country’s species. The alluvial plain of the Amu Darya River in the north-east includes significant tugai forests. All the landscape types comprise a variety of ecosystems with their specific flora and fauna the project areas are lies in barren and desert area with no vegetation except sparse bushes. Climate is dry and does not support good vegetation growth also.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 39

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

(Source: Figured Environmnetl examination report is given at MapP Figure 4.9 : Ecosystem distribution

4.8. Forest and other wooded lands

61. The national forest resources are represented by natural mountain (Juniper wilds), submountain (Pistachio wilds), floodplain and desert (Haloxylon wilds) forests, all of which cover 8.68% of the national territory. The largest share of wooded lands falls on desert forests (3,958,000 ha), followed by mountain forests (146,000 ha), protective forest belts around farmland (29,000 ha), and riparian floodplain forests (26,000 ha). As per State committee on Environment Protection and Land resources of Turkmenistan, the area of artificial forest belts is under expansion. In the foothills of Kopet Dagh, around Ashgabat and other industrial cities,

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 40

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project huge (over 100,000 ha) forest-park lands were created consisting of coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs (1998-2015), which are now serving as “green belts” of the area. All forest management enterprises, as all other protected national sites (nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, etc.), are managed by the State Committee for the Protection of Environment and Land Resources of Turkmenistan. The location of specific forest types on the territory of Turkmenistan is shown in Figure 4.9.

Source: Forest Resources Management in Turkmenistan in the Climate Change Context, Ashgabat, February 2011 (based on the State forest inventory data of 1988-1989).

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 41

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Figure 4.10 : Forests and other wooded land 4.9. Protected Areas of Turkmenistan

62. There are many protected areas in Turkmenistan as listed below and shown at Figure 4.10. None of these protected area falls in the Transmission line alignment. The Transmission line alignment was modified considering proximity to these areas. The minimum distance from any of these reserve ( Kopetdag) of the Transmission Line alignment is now 25 KM.

x Tandoureh National Park (38 km SW) x Golestan National Park (81 km SW) x Hasardag Reserve (36 km SW) x Sarany Protected Area (26 km SW) x Tandoureh Protected area (23 km SW) x Kopetdag Nature

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 42

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Reserve (30 km S) x Amu darya Nature reserve

: Source: http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/turkmenistan Figure 4.11 Protected Areas Location Map of Turkmenistan 4.10. Flora

63. The flora of Turkmenistan includes about 7,000 plant species. The main landscape of the Turkmenistan desert is defined by plant communities with dominant xerophytic low shrubs and halophytes, mixed with scattered saxaul (Haloxylon spp) communities, as well as sandadapted shrubs and ephemerals4. In the mountain valleys of the Kopet-Dag, wild grapes, almonds, figs, and walnuts are found, while juniper and pistachio trees grow on the open slopes. On the riverbanks and islands of the Amu Darya stand tugai (dense floodplain forests) of black poplar, willow, reed, and cane.

4 Source: Refrence from State committee on Environment Protection and Land resources of Turkmenistan

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 43

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

4.11. Avi Fauna (Birds) and Important Bird Areas of Turkmenistan

64. In Turkmenistan 200 species of birds can be seen in the desert, including the Golden Eaglegolden eagle, the Saker Falconsaker falcon, Kestrelkestrels, sparrows, Skylarkskylarks, jays and long-legged buzzards as well as night time flying long-eared and horned owls. Waterfowl is also reported to be seen. The country’s the plains habitat supports various species of birds. The golden eagle which is one of the largest eagles in the world, can be seen in all the different habitat areas in Turkmenistan. (Source: http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com).

65. As per Bird Life International, 50 Important Birds areas identified in the country. These bird areas cover about 3460167 ha land area and has presence of 20 globally threatened species. The statistical details of these IBAs and its latitude and longitude with area details of IBAs are given at Table 4.3 and Table 4.4 below. The location of these Important Bird Areas is shown in Figure 4.11 & 4.12. The list of Birds with its vulnerability status is given at Appendix 4.1 to 4.5

Table 4.3 Statistical Details of IBA of Turkmenistan

Total Number of IBAs 50 Total IBA Area 3,460,167 ha Globally Threatened Birds 20 Total Number of Bird Species 365 Land Birds 235 Migratory 313 Water Birds 128 Seabirds 31 Breeding Endemic 0 Source: Birdlife International

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 44

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Figure 4.12 : Location of Important Bird Areas and Protected Areas of Turkmenistan

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 45

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Figure 4.13 Important Bird Area of Turkmenistan as per IBAT

66. Out of these IBAs, eight IBAs are located close to Transmission line alignments. Four IBAs are located close to proposed Gurtly (Ashgabat) to Balkanabat Transmission line. And four falls close to existing Sardar (West) to Dashoguz Transmission line. No IBA falls close to Dashoguz-Balkan Transmission line. The view of these IBAs with respect to transmission alignment are shown at Figure 4.13.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 46

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Figure 4.14 : Presence of Important Bird Areas close to Proposed/existing Transmission

Table 4.4 : List of Identified Important bird areas of Turkmenistan International Name Area Latitude Longitude Akjagaya 16508 41.07616667 58.2535 Ayrakly – Garadzhaovlak 55977 38.62833333 59.83533333 Badhyz 200700 35.71833333 61.60166667 Chokrak-Tutly 147962 39.22833333 56.105 Delili - Garajabatyr 39785 37.53916667 54.453 Depmechay 65820 41.222 55.47116667 Deryatakyr 6871 38.355 58.87166667 Dushakerekdag 13003 37.93883333 57.924 Ekerem - Esenguly 18724 37.50383333 53.9045 Erajy 5591 38.77533333 62.35333333 Ersarybaba - Akkyr 157613 40.9695 54.74116667

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 47

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Garabil 140594 35.9245 63.26916667 Garabogaz - Garshy 2461 40.7905 52.87666667 Garachop 35036 35.28716667 62.54116667 Garadashly - Ekerem 6458 37.97316667 53.82516667 Garadegish 2466 37.42016667 54.4875 Garashor 92513 40.83166667 56.805 Garshy - Tarta 13672 40.33666667 52.70716667 Gorelde 23546 40.65466667 62.83516667 Goyungyrlan 3514 41.38683333 58.12166667 Gurtli 1421 38.17433333 58.36866667 Gurykhovudan 19031 37.77366667 58.61666667 Jarsay - Khangui 93573 38.622 61.072 Karabogaz 1227 41.05366667 52.91166667 Ketteshor - Ramankol 12123 39.10166667 62.92466667 Khankhovuz 39032 37.17 61.3215 Kopetdagkhovudan 4407 38.23866667 57.86883333 Koymat - Begarslan 38764 40.35333333 55.92 Koytendag 75289 37.7375 66.47266667 Kurendag - Garagoz 119562 39.50216667 55.45316667 Kurtusuv - Khovudan 37305 37.74833333 58.32616667 Mergen 289 37.923 58.9385 Muskinata 901 42.29133333 59.837 Nargyz 76286 39.708 62.76966667 Ogurjaly island 7466 38.95483333 53.50166667 Repetek 73247 38.60333333 63.25316667 Sarygamysh 503647 41.74266667 57.42383333 Saryyazy 7601 36.3685 62.635 Soltandag - Gyzylburun 11695 38.788 64.19016667 Soltansanjar - Duyeboyun 54632 41.67083333 61.56666667 South Cheleken Bay 29752 39.33716667 53.26666667 Sumbar 211421 38.40333333 56.41883333 Tallymerjen 167701 37.9915 65.52433333 Tejen 162909 36.789 60.7905 Tekejik - Biynekyr 15275 40.1865 55.58566667

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 48

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Turkmen Bay 54858 39.83833333 53.75883333 Turkmenbashy Bay 267124 39.79116667 53.36166667 Uly Balkan 177916 39.67016667 54.62116667 Uzboy 61411 39.81666667 55.6215 Zeyit - Kelif 85488 37.52533333 65.1035 (SourceL Brids Life internationalLtd , Source: http://datazone.birdlife.org/country/turkmenistan/ibas

4.12. Other Fauna

67. The fauna of Turkmenistan includes about 13,000 species of animals, including 720 vertebrates and about 12 thousand - invertebrates)5.

4.12.1. Mammals 68. The desert is home to foxes, wildcats, gazelles, and tortoises, rodents like gopher and jerboas who leave interesting patterns in the sand, while the mountains support goats, cheetahs, lynx, snow leopards, and porcupines. Jackals, wild boars. The plains habitat supports the hedgehog barchans cat, corsac fox, jackals, wild boar, goitered gazelle, rare pink deer, and wild donkeys.

4.12.2. Reptiles 69. Several insect species reside there including ants, termites, ticks, beetles, tarantulas, scorpions and spiders, one of which is called a karakurt and is more poisonous than a cobra. Desert reptiles include the giant grey lizard, tortoise, big-eared toad, gecko and dozens of snakes including the cobra.

4.12.3. Amphibians 70. The shore of the Caspian Sea in winter is home to flocks of ducks and geese and swans. The abundant sea life consists of herring, sprat, roach and sturgeon.

71. The data of recent years of the Laboratory of Vertebrate Animals of the National Institute of Deserts, Flora and Fauna of the State Committee for Environmental Protection and Land Resources of Turkmenistan show that there are almost 745 species of vertebrates in the country, including: the cyclostomes - 1; (115 ataev K. et al., 2010), others have more than 115 species (Rustamov AK, Shakirova FM, 2013), amphibians - 5, reptiles - 86, birds - 433 and mammals - 106 species. (Refer Table 4.5).

Table 4.5 : Quantitative correlation of vertebrate species of Turkmenistan

5 Source: http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 49

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

S. No. Classes of vertebrates Number of species %% 1 Cyclostomes - Cephalaspidomorphi 1 0.13 2 Bony fishes - Osteichthys 115 15.41 3 Amphibians - Amphibia 5 0.67 4 Reptiles - Reptilia 86 11.52 5 Birds - Aves wallpaper 433 58.04 6 Mammals - Mammalia 106 14.20 Total: 746 100 Source: State committee on Environment Protection and Land resources of Turkmenistan)

4.13. Species under threat of extinction and protected species

72. Important fauna of global conservation concern includes the sturgeon of the Caspian coast and Amu Darya, birds, ungulates and other large mammals (Refer list of threatened species at Appendix 4.2). There are significant populations of ungulates in Turkmenistan, such as the globally endangered Asiatic wild ass (Equiuus hemionus) and three subspecies of the vulnerable urial (Ovis urial). Saiga antelopes (Saiga tatarica) occasionally winter in northern areas. Turkmenistan is of global importance for migratory waterbirds, and of high importance for breeding waterbirds and raptors.

4.14. Socioeconomic Environment

73. Administrative Divisions: Turkmenistan is divided into five provinces or welayatlar and one capital city district. The provinces are subdivided into districts. The details of each province with capital city with population is given at Table 4.6

Table 4.6 Summary of Each Province with area and population of Turkmenistan

Division Capital city Area Pop (2005)

Ashgabat City Ashgabat 470 km2 871,500

Ahal Province Anau 97,160 km2 939,700

Balkan Province Balkanabat 139,270 km2 553,500

Daşoguz Province Daşoguz 73,430 km2 1,370,400

Lebap Province Türkmenabat 93,730 km2 1,334,500

Mary Province Mary 87,150 km2 1,480,400 (Source: Compilation from various reference documents)

74. Demographics of Turkmenistan 2018: As of 1st January 2018, the population of Turkmenistan was estimated to be 5,546,900 people. The proposed alignment covers two major areas i.e. Ashgabat and Balkanbat. The total population of Ashgabat is 727,700 till 2018 and for Balkanabat is 87,822. Daşoguz's population of 2,10,000 (2004 census estimate) is predominantly Turkmen and Uzbek, with smaller numbers of Russians, Koreans, Karakalpaks,and Tatars present. (Encyclopaedia Britannica)

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 50

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

75. Settlement patterns: The settlement is oriented around two broad divisions (i) an oasis region—characterized by adequate water supply, cultivated lands, and developed industry— composed of the Kopet-Dag and (ii) other oases - a desert region, subdivided into western Turkmenistan, with a well-developed industrial base, and the Karakum, with cattle raising and deposits of natural gas and oil. Along the proposed alignment, there is Kopet Dag oasis which stretches along the northern foothills of the Kopet-Dag Range, the slopes of which offer large areas for non-irrigated farming; both the mountains and foothills are also rich in mineral resources. The economic and cultural centre of the oasis is the capital city of Ashgabat. The development of the capital has stimulated industry, turning an agrarian oasis into the industrialagrarian core of the republic. Before the construction of the Karakum Canal, only small areas of wheat, barley, and melons could be cultivated because of the scarcity of water

76. Economy: Turkmenistan specializes in cotton growing and in the extraction of oil and natural gas. The mountains and foothills are found along the alignment which contain dolomites and marl, which are used for fertilizing calcium-deficient soil. Turkmenistan’s principal trading partners are China, Turkey, Russia, and the United Arab Emirates. The cultivation of fine-staple cotton and the raising of Karakul sheep, horses, and camels contribute most to the agricultural economy. Turkmenistan leads Central Asia as a producer of silkworm cocoons, primarily from the middle Amu Darya oasis. Cotton is planted in most of irrigated land, making the country the world's ninth-largest cotton producer. During the 2011 season, Turkmenistan produced around 1.1 million tons of raw cotton, mainly from Mary, Balkan, Akhal, Lebap and Dashoguz provinces. In 2012, around 7,000 tractors, 5,000 cotton cultivators, 2,200 sowing machines and other machinery, mainly procured from Belarus and the US, are being used. The country traditionally exports raw cotton to Russia, Iran, South Korea, Britain, China, Indonesia, Turkey, Ukraine, Singapore and the Baltic nations.

77. Industry: The industries are related to Petroleum deposits and the associated oil industry; chemical industry (like super-phosphate plant, mirabilite, sulphur, iodine and bromine factories; production of detergents etc), Thermal power stations using liquid fuel; Hydroelectric plants; metal-processing, Silk-winding and silk-weaving mills and textile industries. Turkmen carpets and rugs, long renowned for their durability and unique designs, are exported to more than 50 countries

78. Transportation: A major highway M37 runs along the Iranian border through Ashgabat and then to Turkmenbashi on the Caspian Sea. E60 highway is connecting M37 in Serdar Rail connectivity is from Dashoguz to Turkmenbashi through Ashgabat. Main railway station along the alignment are Gyzylarbat Railway station & Balkanabat Demiriyol Menzil. The main port is at Turkmenbashi on the Caspian Sea approx 120 km from Balkanbat. The main inland waterways are the Amu Darya River, which runs along the northern border, and the Garagum Canal, which runs from east to west from the Amu Darya near the Afghanistan border through Mary and Ashgabat to Turkmenbashi on the Caspian coast.

79. Education: Turkmenistan inherited a well-developed education system at independence, which has undergone many changes during transition. According to the TKM

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 51

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Living Standards Survey conducted by ADB in 2003 the costs of education made up on average only 3.6% of aggregate household expenditures. The number of students from Turkmenistan in the neighbouring countries and even in the Western world has remarkably increased to more than 10,000 in 2011.

80. Health: The government is implementing large-scale investments in health. These include building infrastructure and improving the quality of medical services throughout the country. Numerous hospitals, clinics, and wellness and sports palaces have also been built in Ashgabat, all equipped with modern medical technology.

4.14.2. Archaeologically Protected Areas:

81. No archaeological, historical and cultural monuments present within 500 m area of the proposed alignment. The list of cultural monuments of Turkmenistan area given in Figure 4.14.

Figure 4.15 : Cultural Monuments of Turkmenistan

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 52

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

1. Environmental impacts assessment was carried out considering present environmental setting of the project area, and nature and extent of the proposed activities. Potential environmental impacts associated with the proposed project activities as: (i) impacts during design and construction phase and ii) impacts during operation phase. Qualitative and quantitative techniques have been applied for direct and indirect impact identification. Impacts are classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major.

2. Some of the important impacts associated with the proposed project will be associated with air quality, water availability, ground water contamination, waste and wastewater disposal, ambient noise levels, avifauna, construction material sourcing and occupational health and safety. Adequate mitigation measures are devised to mitigate/minimise all likely environmental impacts and the same have been presented along with the impacts. Consultations were also held with various stakeholders and outcome of these consultations were used in impact assessment and devising mitigation measures. IFC general EHS and Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Specific guidelines. The 50 m around substation sites and 50 either side of the transmission lines considered as direct impact zone

1.4. Identification of Impact 3. Impacts anticipated due to project development are majorly associated during preconstruction and construction phase, however impacts during operation phase are majorly anticipated on occupational health & safety of the staff. Components to be impacted due to Electric power projects are land use, ecology, water resources, air quality, soil quality, noise levels, water quality, traffic, livelihood, occupational health & safety (OHS), topography, visual aesthetics and socio-economic. Different project activities will impact above valued environmental components differently in different project stage. The impact identification and interaction based on interaction of project activities with valued environmental components is given at Table 5.1.

4. The screening Matrix establishes that further impact analysis is not required to be undertaken for land use and soil quality due to project location in desert and semi desert areas. Further impact analysis is also not required for terrestrial fauna except avi fauna as wild life animals are not reported in the project areas. Similarly, no analysis is required for aquatic flora and fauna as no water body is present in the project area.

5. Cumulative Impact: The proposed project is apparently the only development project of this magnitude, is proposed in the project transmission line alignment and substation areas. Reportedly there are no other development plan as yet in most of the proposed transmission line alignment area. Enough precaution shave already been taken by maintaining adequate separation distance between transmission line alignment and gas pipeline in Dashoguz area. Therefore, no analysis is carried out further for cumulative impacts assessment.

6. Climate Change Impacts: The baseline conditions establish that project area faces long range of temperature variation. There are no instances of flood in the region and project area. The climate change risk is anticipated to be low for this project. Even if temperature and

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 53

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project precipitation level increase due to climate change effect, the project design feature are planed with adequate safety measures and no impact is anticipated on project even in such extreme conditions.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 54

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

5.2. Impact during Design/Pre-Construction Phase 5.2.1. Impact on Land Use and Soil quality 7. Land is required for Transmission line alignment of 50 ROW and for substations. The entire transmission line alignment will pass through desert area on land owned by the government. Since land is barren land with no very weak soil nutritive value no impact is anticipated on land use and soil quality. 5.2.2. Impact on Ecology-Terrestrial Flora - Fauna 8. For preparation of the site vegetation at the site is to be removed. However, vegetation at transmission line alignment only small shrubs. These plants are plenty in surrounding area thus removal of these shrubs will not affect the ecology significantly. 9. Domestic animal like camel, cow, sheep are found in the area. Since large vast open desert area is available around the project, enough movement space is available to these animals and as such no impact is anticipated on terrestrial fauna. Mitigation Measures 10. Vegetation clearance/site preparation activity can be minimized by restricting the activity area to the foot print of designated RoW, and substation and access road area. 5.2.3. Impact on Ecology – Avifauna 11. Turkmenistan has 50 identified important Bird areas. Four Bird areas are located close to proposed Ashgabat to Balkanbat Transmission line. Four IBA are located close to existing Serdar (west) to Dashoguz transmission line. No IBA is identified in Dashoguz to Balkanabat transmission line alignment. The construction of 500kV and 200 kV power transmission line will increase the risk of Birds’ collusion and electrocution unless adequate precautionary measures not incorporated.

Mitigation Measures 12. Grouping with other infrastructure: Align the proposed transmission line along with existing transmission line at a safe distance of minimum 25 m. Bird will naturally tend to perch on the taller power line and is able to see the combined line which will partially prevent its collisions. 13. Preventing Electrocution: An “avian-safe” power pole is a configuration designed to minimise bird electrocution risk by providing sufficient separation between energised phase conductors (also called ‘phases’) and between phases and grounded hardware to accommodate at least the wrist-to-wrist or head-to-foot distance of a bird (Refer Figure 5.1). Provision of minimum conductor separation distance of 3300 mm and minimum 4000 mm distance between jumper to tower is already made in the transmission line design which is much more than the maximum wing span of largest bird of 2500 mm. (Figure 5.1) 14. Exposed parts to be covered (insulated) to reduce electrocution risk. 15. All terminal structures (transformers) should also be constructed with sufficient insulation on Jump wire and surge arrestors. At least two jumper wires should be suspended below the cross arm and third jumper insulated. Take off structures all jumpers should be insulated. (Refer Figure 5.2)

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 65

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

16. Switches should be designed so that perching by birds on switch gear is unlikely, and/or all dangerous components are insulated. Switch gear should preferably be mounted below the cross-arm. Alternatively, insulated perch sites are installed way above the switch gear over the whole length. 17. Perch guard should be installed. Line marker should be fitted to enable bird to identify the transmission line from a distance. (Refer Figure 5.3). 18. Birds Reflectors should be installed on each tower including on existing Transmission lines. 19. Collision monitoring devices should be installed for the transmission line section close to IBA areas (refer figure 5.3)

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 66

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Tip of Toe to Tip of wing 1800 mm

Wing Span 2500 MM

Figure 5.1 Wing Span of One of the largest Bird Vulture (Gyps fulvus) with outstretched wings at take-off.

Figure 5.2 View of Insulation at terminal structure and take off structures

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 67

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Figure 5.3 View of Perch Guard Devices, Line Marker and Collision Monitor.

5.2.4. Impact on Ambient Air Quality 20. All equipment and construction material will be transported through major highway. Most of these highways has enough capacity to take additional traffic load. Fugitive dust emission are likely to generated from site clearance and developing access to site in desert area. The impact on ambient air quality is expected to be site specific, temporary and insignificant.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 68

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Mitigation Measures 21. Vehicle should not be overloaded and must meet the emission norms of the country 22. Water must be sprayed to supress the dust 23. Air Quality shall be monitored periodically 5.2.5. Impact on Ambient Noise Levels 24. Noise in the form of humming can often be heard around transformers or high voltage line producing corona. As per WHO noise produced by power distribution lines or transformers carries any known health risks. The noise level increase with increase in high voltage (400- 800 kV). It reaches maximum level during period of precipitation (rains, fog, snow). This noise can impact (be trouble) to nearby residents if any. Mitigation Measures 25. Locate Substation and transmission line away from the habitat at least 50 m preferably 100 m distance. 26. Make provision of noise barrier at Substation if required.

5.2.6. Impact on Occupational Health and Safety 27. The electromagnetic exposure to workers can affect their health. 28. Accident may occur during equipment unloading, loading, transportation, and storage, installation and operation.

Mitigation Measures 29. Minimum safe working distance for trained employees should be maintained. (Refer Appendix 3.1 for limits) 30. Employees should not be allowed to expose for more than Permissible Exposure Limit for electro- magnetic field as defined by Occupational Health and Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (Refer Appendix 3.1 for limits). PPE should be provided to the employee 31. Provision of adequate light and ventilation, signage, safety training should be made. should be made 32. Driver should be provided training on safe vehicle driving. 33. Implement the Occupational Health and safety management plan (ref Appendix 7.3)

5.2.7. Impact of Natural Hazards 34. The Ashgabat-Balkanabat area falls in high earthquake risk zone. The structure may be affected in sever earthquake scenario.

Mitigation Measures 35. Relevant National and International Codes shall be referred and adopted while designing the structure to enable it to sustain the earthquake of higher magnitude.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 69

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

5.3. Impact during Construction Phase 5.3.1. Land Use 36. Land will be required for setting up of storage yards. This land requirement is temporary and thus impact of such land use change will be short term only. After completion of the construction phase these temporary structures will be decommissioned and dismantled thereby reversing the impact on change on land use. The impact anticipated on land use during construction phase is site specific, short term, reversible, restricted to site area and of low intensity thus low significance. Measures are proposed to further minimize the impacts. 37. Uncontrolled disposal of packaging waste, construction waste can create aesthetic effect Mitigation Measures x Storage yards should be established at least 500 m distance from settlements and socially sensitive locations like school, hospitals, temples etc

x Storage yards should not be established at eco-sensitive zones or forest land/area or near IBA x Storage yards should not be established on agriculture land x Storage yards should be close to the construction site x Packaging and construction waste should be either reused for disposed through controlled burial in the ground. 5.3.2. Ecology 38. Vegetation (Shrubs) will be removed from the area where storage yard will be set up. Also, these structures will be dismantled after construction is completed. Thus, impacts anticipated on the ecology during construction phase are short term, reversible, restricted to core zone and of low intensity, thus low significance. Mitigation Measures x Vegetation should be cleared only for the area required for establishment of storage yards

x Access pathways for the storage yards should be finalized prior carrying out any vegetation clearance and machinery should be routed through the designated pathway only

x Machinery staging/parking areas should be designated prior start of construction activities to prevent parking on any other land parcel x No machinery should move through any other route or parked on any other private or revenue land parcel x No debris/construction waste should be disposed-off in any pond or water body in the area or any other vegetated land x Workers and staff at the site should be clearly instructed about not harming any animal or bird or removing vegetation for any purpose from the site and nearby area

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 70

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Storage sites should be barricaded using barbed wire to prevent entry of animals. 5.3.3. Water Resources 39. Water will be required for domestic purpose of construction workers and staff and for carrying out construction activities. Water requirement anticipated during construction will be sourced from central water supply system. Ground water will not be used for meeting the water requirement for construction activities. Impacts due to the project development during construction phase on water resources are anticipated to insignificant. Mitigation Measures x Water conservation measures should be taken up to minimize water requirement and are listed below o Regular inspection of the water storage structures and pipelines to detect leakages. Detected leakages should be immediately repaired to minimize water loss o Using curing agents for carrying out curing. If water is used for curing then low flow sprinklers should be used for curing purpose, curing should be carried out during early morning & evening to minimize evaporation, concrete structures should be covered with gunny bags after curing is done to conserve the moisture o Workers should be educated to use water wisely and do not leave the taps open without use. Written notice should be displayed near the water taps for saving water & closing the taps. o Water storage tanks should be covered to minimize loss due to evaporation o Run-off from curing should be collected through drains into sedimentation tank and should be re-used for curing or washing of vehicle/machinery or for wheel washing o Construction camp and labour camp should have provision of soak pit /septic tank or anaerobic digestion based mobile toilets. o Provision of safe drinking water shall be made at site and construction camp and labour camp.

5.3.4. Air Quality 40. Excavation, levelling, material loading & unloading, debris removal/ storage/ transportation, equipment lifting, plying of vehicles and operation of machinery have potential to generate the dust. Operation of machinery/equipment and plying of vehicle also generate the exhaust gases in the area. These activities have potential to affect the ambient air quality. PM levels in the project area are higher as per 24 hours averaging value than the given national standards due to desert geography. The impacts anticipated on air quality during construction phase are short term, reversible, and site specific i.e. low significance.

Mitigation Measures x All the vehicle and construction machinery/equipment to be used at site should be properly maintained and serviced

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 71

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Material/debris should be stored and transported under covered conditions only x Wheels of the vehicle should be washed prior leaving the site x Excavated soil should be covered with tarpaulin and after completion of work, surplus soil should be evenly spread within the project site x Provision of well-defined access pathway and parking areas at the construction site to minimize idling of vehicle

x Water should be sprinkled regularly on site and access pathways to suppress the dust levels 5.3.5. Noise Levels & Vibrations 41. Major noise generation activities during construction phase are operation of construction machinery, movement of vehicles and installation of towers. Expected Noise level from different construction machinery is given below in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Noise Levels from construction Machinery Construction Equipment for Different Noise Level in dB(A) at Activities 50 feet Bulldozer 80 Front end loader 72-84 Dump Truck 83-94 Crane with ball 75-87 Scraper 80-93 Grader 80-93 Roller 73-75 Crane 75-77 Welding generator 71-82 Concrete mixer 74-88 Concrete pump 81-84 Concrete vibrator 76 Air compressor 74-87 Pneumatic rods 81-98 Paver 86-88 Truck 83-94 Tamper 74-77 Backhoe 72-93

42. The operation of construction machinery & equipment will generate high noise levels due to which it may affect the health of construction labour if exposed to longer durations. Impact as such is anticipated short term, reversible, specific to the site i.e. low significance. Mitigation Measures x All the construction machinery and equipment used should be provided with adequate noise mufflers and noise suppression equipment. Proper

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 72

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x lubrication and maintenance of the machinery & equipment and vehicle to be carried out to minimize the noise generation due to abrasion x Honking should be prohibited at the site Site workers should be provided with ear plugs if working in noise environment. x Job rotations should be practiced for workers, working in noisy environment x As per occupation standards, workers’ exposure to 90 dB(A) noise level should not be more than 8 hours. OSHAS guidelines should be followed for exposure to specific noise levels for workers and are listed in Table 5.3. Table 5.3 OSHAS Noise Exposure Limits for The Work Environment Noise Levels in dB(A) Permissible Exposure (hours & minutes) 85 16 hrs 90 8 hrs 96 3 hrs 30 minutes 102 1 hr 30 minutes 108 40 min 115 15 min 121 6 min 127 3 min 130 1 min Source: Marsh, 1991, p.322

5.3.6. Traffic 43. Traffic may increase in the area during construction phase due to transportation of construction material and men at the site. Increased traffic may lead to congestion on road but the intensity of traffic on the roads in project area is moderate and no congestion is anticipated. Impact anticipated on traffic during construction phase is short term, reversible, and site specific. Mitigation Measures x Provision of adequate parking areas at site x Provision of access pathways of adequate width x Regulating the time of vehicle carrying construction material to avoid peak traffic hours x Drivers should be given instruction for not over speeding the vehicle, not overtaking other vehicle, not to drink and drive and to do lane driving to minimize the chances of accidents. Drivers should be penalized in case any such activity is reported. x Construction material carrying vehicle and machinery should follow the designated routes only

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 73

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x 5.3.7. Socio-economic -Quality of Life 44. During construction phase, will generate additional direct and indirect employment. No interference is anticipated to resident of the region as all alignment /working areas are located away from habitat. Overall it will have positive impact on socio-economic environment.

5.3.8. Occupational Health & Safety and Community Health Safety & Security

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 74

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

45. Construction activities involve risks to health & safety of construction workers as it involves handling of heavy construction machinery/vehicle/components & lifting equipment. Occupational risks involved during construction phase are fall, slip, accidents, failure of crane, fire, electric shock etc. Safety measures are required to be taken to prevent any injury or accident during the construction phase. Impacts anticipated during construction phase on occupational health and safety is short term, restricted to site.

Mitigation Measures x Transportation vehicle should be in good conditions and should comply with al safety conditions. Transportation vehicle should carry the load according to its capacity x All the lifting equipment should be properly examined and tested prior usage. All relevant information should be known about the load, method of slinging and attachment points x Person involved for lifting and installation works and those working in heights should be properly trained for the work assigned

x Safety officers & supervisors should be present all the time at site during installation of towers and transformers and should be trained and competent for lifting equipment x Where possible, exclusion zones are to be established and maintained to prevent any unauthorized access to lifting areas x When lifting large loads, ensure weather conditions are favourable for the task. Heavy lifting equipment typically has safe operating parameters included in its operating manual and these parameters should not be exceeded at any time x All the workers should provide personal protective equipment like safety jacket, helmet, gloves, goggles, ear muffs, safety belts/harness etc. x First aid trained personnel should be available at the site and tie ups with the nearby hospital should be made so as emergency can be handled

x Firefighting facility should be available at the site

5.4. Impact during Operation Phase 5.4.1. Impact on Noise Levels Humping Noise is generated during operation stage. However, this impact has been covered under design stage impact above. 5.4.2. Occupational Health & Safety and Community Health Safety & Security 46. Maintenance & repair of, transformers and transmission cable involve working at heights, working with high voltage wires, handling heavy equipment etc. All these activities may lead to various accidents including fall, slip, electrocution etc. During severe weather conditions, there could be chance of fall of tower which may lead to accidents.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 75

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

47. Apart from this there could be health effects on workers and population staying nearby due to electromagnetic effect of transmission cables. No strong evidences are available on the effect of electromagnetic field on the health of people.

48. The impact anticipated on health & safety of workers and community is long term, irreversible, but of moderate intensity, i.e. moderate significance. Mitigation Measures x All the staff should be given training for carrying out the work assigned keeping the safety as priority. x All staff should be provided with personal protective equipment (HT gloves of 33/66 kV, safety helmets, safety jackets, ear muffs, safety belts, welding masks, safety shoes, Googles, safety shoes, full body harness) x Periodic inspection of PPE should be done to ensure that they are in proper condition by keeping the records x Tests should be undertaken for workers working at heights prior joining. Work at height should be undertaken during day time only. x Fall arrest system should be installed to prevent injury during accidental fall x Induction training should be given to all the workers at the time of joining which should include awareness of the activities to be carried out by worker, tools involved, risks involved and personal protective equipment to be used

x Health check-ups should be undertaken for workers every year x Certified First aid trainer should be present at the site all the time x Emergency response plan should be prepared which should contain all the measures to be taken in case accident occurs

x Emergency contact numbers should be displayed at the site x Safety meetings should be held monthly to discuss the existing safety practices and measures for improvising the procedures x Mock drills should be conducted to train staff for handling emergency situations x Lifting equipment engaged should be thoroughly and regularly examined before use x Fire- fighting equipment (adequate number of fire extinguishers of suitable category) should be provided in each substation area. x Accident records should be maintained. Accident reporting should be immediately within 1 day after accident and detailed root cause analysis should be carried out for each accident so as preventive measures can be taken to prevent any similar accidents in future x Self-defensive training should be given to drivers to minimize the accident rate. Speed of the vehicle should be regulated all the time x Transformers should be provided with the nitrogen injection & drain method to extinguish fire in case of fire

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 76

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Transformer oil should be cleaned and reused. Waste oil should be kept on a designated place under cover with provision of spillage collection pit. It should be stored till waste oil refining and incineration facility is developed in the country.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 77

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE 6.1. Introduction 49. Public consultation is one of the key components of the environmental assessment Which facilitates identification of effective mitigation measures acceptable to public. This tool is applied for this project as well. The larger area (about 80%) of Turkmenistan is desert. Most of the population is confined in non-desert area. Most of the alignment of both the proposed new transmission line passes through desert and semi desert area. The new substation sites also located in semidesert area. Consultation though was organised with public representatives at Dashoguz and Gurtly area. There are no identifiable NGOs except one or two organisations working in the field of avi fauna, but they also prefer to interact with Govt. involvement. Stakeholders consultation was therefore undertaken with regulators, design institutes, site engineers, public representatives and contractors. The different stakeholders consulted with consultation outcome is given in the following section. Since the consultations were informal and interaction based, no questionnaire/brochures were supplied to the participants. 6.2. Information Disclosed 50. The discussions were primarily focused on receiving maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability of the project and their perceived environmental concerns from the project. These inputs are used for integration of environmental aspects in project design. The discussions with the stakeholders were focussed mainly on the following points: x Any significant negative impact of the project on the overall environment of the alignment and substation areas x Possible effects of the project on Avi Fauna (Birds), habitats, agriculture, wetlands, drinking water availability and power supply reliability x Impact on Important Birds Area along with effectiveness of proposed design measures to prevent any collision with Transmission line 6.3. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 51. In Turkmenistan, no public hearing is required for the proposed project under the Turkmenistan Law on Nature Protection and Law on Ecological Expertise. 6.4. Major Comments Received 52. Major comments received are summarised below. The separate stakeholders’ consultation details are given in the subsequent sections.

i. Most the stakeholders, public representative have supported the project. ii. Stakeholders believed that project will not have any environmental impact. iii. Chief Engineer, TurkmenEnergo Design Institute believes that design needs to integrate measures for bird’s protection and alignment must be selected keeping environment protection consideration. Their institute has already modified the alignment bypassing all the habitats area, water bodies and agriculture areas. The transmission line alignment of Dashoguz -Balkan transmission line alignment has

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 78

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

been shifted away from the protected areas. The measures for bird’s protection conductor separation, & insulator length has already been incorporated in the design. However, they are agreeable to adopt feasible additional bird protection measures like bird reflector, line marker etc. iv. Air, water and noise pollution from the project is not a concern area to the stakeholders. Fugitive emission though is a natural phenomenon due to desert and dust suppression measures should be taken during construction stage. v. Electromagnetic exposure is considered negligible vi. Transformer oil is currently fully recycled and hardly any waste transformer oil is being generated at present. vii. State Committee of Environment Protection and land resources ( SCEPLR) has emphasized that project needs to obtain environmental clearance through licensed environment company of Turkmenistan and it will take about 3-4 months in the process. viii. SCEPLER also emphasized the ambient air quality shall be monitored during construction and operation stage. ix. SCEPLER, and Institute of Desert Flora and Fauna of Turkmenistan confirmed presence of Important Bird area close to Asghabat-Balkanabad and Serdar East to Dashoguz Transmission lines. However, they confirmed that bird protection measures proposed in the design are adequate. x. Each protected area in Turkmenistan has a buffer zone of 1 to 10 km. However, 25 km is considered most safe and is recommended for transmission lines as well. xi. Natural fresh water underground water location is to be protected if it falls in project areas. xii. Safety and sanitary protection zone shall be defined for project area and transmission line. 25 m for 500 kV and 14m for 220 kV transmission line is desirable. xiii. Regional Center for Environment – East confirmed that there is no environmental sensitivity in the area and there is no animal movement or presence of any migratory route of animals in Dashoguz area. They also believe that birds fly much higher (>150 m height) compared to tower height of about 30 m and there is least possibility of bird’s collusion. xiv. Water in the lakes are saline. The drinking water is supplied through central water system which is drawn from river and canal system of the country. xv. The Grievance redress system should be regional specific and suggested regional level GR committee was proposed.

6.5. Integration of comments under EMP and project Design

53. Th outcome of the stakeholder’s consultation has been considered while finalising the mitigation measures and environmental management plant. Key provision integrated are related to Birds Protection, environmental approval, Provision for Air quality monitoring during construction and operation stages, dust suppression, safety aspects, and waste management.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 79

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

6.6. Details of Public consultation meetings:

54. The four key consultation meetings were held with different stakeholders in Dashoguz region, Asghabat-Balkan region, State Committee of Environment Protection and Land Resources and with TurkmenEnergo Design Institute.

A. Consultation with Key Stakeholders in Balkanabat -Serdar ( West) region.

Date: 19-20.04.2018 Participants: (12 Stakeholder + 1 public person) 1. Mr Safarov- chief engineer Turkmennenergo, 2. Mr Kurbanov- director for capital building M.O.Balkanenergo, 3. Mr A-kurbanov-Ministry for Energy of Turkmenistan, specialist for economic relations for Turkmenistan, 4. Mr A. Agailiev-deputy director of P.O.Balkanenergo, 5. Mr M.S. Izrakuliev-director of electro station Serdar, 6. Mr O.G. Ozerbedrdiev, Chief Engineer of “Serdarelectric ulgamlary” 7. Mr R.R. Muhtayev, HS Inspector of “Serdarelectric ulgamlary” 8. Mr T.S. Kurbanov, head of Balkanenergo capital construction 9. Mr K Ashirov, Chief Dispatcher of Serdarelectric ullgamlary 10. Mr Bayrammamedov – engineer from the capital construction in P.O. Balkanenergo, 11. Mr Usmanmeredov Mamer-general director PO Balkanenergo, 12. Mr Usmanmeredov Gilich Murad, director Construction organization Ashgabad Ulgan Gurlush. 13. Mr Balkan, a sheep-shepard

The attendance sheet is attached at Appendix 6.1

55. Agenda: Environmental Issue on land, water, noise, occupational health and safety, animal movement, Birds movement, protected area management, waste management, water supply scenario, environmental issue faced in the region, information sharing, establishment of the GRM for Serdar/Balkanabat substations

56. Discussion Outcome : Every person was of the opinion that project will not have any impact on environment and they welcome the proposed project. Electromagnetic exposure is considered negligible. Transformer oil is currently fully recycled and hardly any waste transformer oil is being generated at present. They indicated that the area for the proposed project is an empty desert area, the land belongs to the government and no other private entities have a land-use-right certificate. There is no any adverse impact on the communities and their land or other assets on either location, the existing substation or the proposed location for the new substation. Balkan, a sheep- shepard, was also in the area. A brief interview with him was conducted. Balkan stated that his village has electricity and he thanked for the project as, which, in his words, is

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 80

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

going to be done for the people. Balkan believes that project will not affect his work as that sheep have enough space grazing and the substation will not affect him.

. . Key Stakeholders at old Serdar substation Interview with Sheperd Balkan

57. Grievance Redress Mechanism: The Key Stakeholders were informed about ADB SPS 2009 and the practice of establishing a Grievance Redress Committee at the project level. The group discussed the responsibilities of each potential GRC member. After the discussion, a list of 5 specialists, who will comprise the Grievance Redress Committee at the project level, was created. The following designated persons will be members of Serdar/East Serdar/Balkanabat Grievance Committee:

1. Glidzov Arslan Ashirovich, deputy director of government Corporation Turkmenenergo 2. Izrakuliev Murad, director of the electro distribution (etrapa serdar) 3. Kaurbanov Tagandurde, director of the department for capital buildings - investment 4. Agiliev Azat, deputy director of the P.O. Balkanenergo 5. Representatives of all capital buildings - investment

B. Consultation with Key Stakeholders in Dashoguz Region.

Date: 17.04.2018 Participants: (11 officials and public representative + 1 public person) Minister of Foreign Affairs of Dashoguz, Dashoguz City Mayor, General Director of Dashoguz Energo, land surveyor, architect, Project engineer, Design Institute engineer, the Chief of the Environmental Committee for Dashoguz, officials from Regional center of environment ( East ), two environmental and safety engineers, one Murad, a cowherd shepard.

58. Agenda: Environmental Issue on land, water, noise, occupational health and safety, animal movement, Birds movement, protected area management, waste

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 81

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

management, water supply scenario, environmental issue faced in the region, information sharing, establishment of the GRM at Dashoguz level

59. Discussion Outcome: Consultations were conducted at the premises of Dashogus substation and at the Mayor’s office. The local authorities indicated that the area for the proposed project is an empty desert area, the land belongs to the government and no other private entities have a land-use-right certificate. In case any land is affected after the final design is completed, Turkmenistan's law stipulates compensation for the affected people. There is an existing government committee which assesses the losses and decides on the compensation. The compensation is usually based on land- for-land compensation where feasible, or monetary compensation for crops and reduced land taxes for the affected parts of the land. The drinking water is supplied through central water system which is drawn from river and canal system of the country and same will be available for the project. Whenever require prior public opinion is taken by Mayors office. They believe that project is good for enhancing power supply reliability and they no environmental impact is anticipated from the proposed project. There is no movement of animals in the region and there is no migratory route of animals in this region.

60. Regional Center for Environment – East confirmed that there is no environmental sensitivity in the area and there is no animal movement or presence of any migratory route of animals in Dashoguz area. They also believe that birds fly much higher (>150 m height) compared to tower height of about 30 m and there is least possibility of bird’s collusion.There are no facility of construction and waste oil or hazardous waste disposal in the country. There are instances where people do burn the waste in open in the desert areas. 61. Murad, a cowherd shepard, passing the area was also interacted. He stated that his village has electricity. Regarding effect of proposed project on his path and grazing area, and other villagers, Murad believe that he is free to roam the whole desert and that he can go any way he likes and same is the case for villagers. The desert area is vast and a 400x400m substation will not affect his movement. He indicated that water in lakes is saline and we have to depend of public water supply system for water.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 82

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

View of interactions with participants

62. The Mayor of Dashoguz and the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the region focused on environmental and social safeguards issues during consultation. They indicated that the region is predominantly agricultural with majority of people live in villages. Dashoguz is the capital city of the region with around 150,000 inhabitants. Cotton, wheat and rice are the major crops in the region. The government has a program granting 50 hectares of land to persons willing to operate agricultural greenhouses. They emphasize on social initiative of the government and extend all support required for this project. They did not anticipate any environmental impact from the project.

63. Grievance Redress Mechanism: The Key Stakeholders were informed about ADB SPS 2009 and the practice of establishing the Grievance Redress groups at the project level and the Implementing Agency level. The participants were confident that there will be no grievances, as the population is eager to have a continuous and reliable supply of power. At present, the substations do not have any backup systems, which leads to the cutting of the population's supply of power for regular maintenance and repair works. The group discussed the existing mechanism for addressing non-project grievances and after the discussion, a list of 13 specialists, who will comprise the Grievance Redress Committee at the Vilayet (district) level, was created. The following designated persons (by their positions) will be members of Dashoguz Grievance Committee:

1. President of the Vilayet - Hakimetrappa 2. Director of Dashoguz Energo 3. Architect

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 83

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

4. Land use specialist (surveyor) 5. Dashoguz Energo technical specialists (as needed) 6. Director of the Vilayet department for Environment protection 7. Representative of the sanitation department 8. Representative of the water and sewerage department 9. Representative of the fire department 10. Representative of the railway department (there is a railway running parallel to the main road) 11. Archin (head of a village) from each village located at the project area 12. President of the collective farms 13. Representative of the Ministry of Culture (in case of artifact findings) 14. Affected persons (if any)

C. Consultation with State Commission on Environment Protection and Land Resources

Date : 25.07.2018 & 27.04.2018 Participants: 1. Mr Batyr Ballyyev, Head, Directorate for Nature Protection 2. Ms Jemal Durdykova, Head, Division of Ecological Expertise 3. Mr. Juma Saparmuradov, Deputy Director, National Institute of Desert and Fauna 4. Mr Sahat Agojanov, Deputy Head of Directorate for Nature Protection 5. Mr Sedar (Chief engineer, Design Institute of Turmenenergo)

64. Outcome of the Discussions: TKM govt requires a full environmental impact assessment report (EIA) for projects of this type and scale. The Govt review and approval on govt document OVOZ (local EIA) would take 3-4 weeks, provided that the EIA is prepared by a licensed company x TKM has more than 50 Important Bird Areas (IBAs), published in a book of 2008. This is govt official data. The number of IBAs will increase to more than 50. All 5 identified IBAs near the project sites (Gurtli and Chokrak-Tutly along the 220 kV TL AshgabatBalkanabat, Narguz, Gorelde, Soltansanjar-Duyeboyun, and Khorezm along the 500/220 kV TL Sedar East-Yurt) are described in the book and confirmed near the project TLs. Of those the IBA Chokrak-Tutly is a mash wetland near Bereket is one of the most important site. x State Commission confirmed no significant issues on birds if appropriated mitigation measures will be implemented. While the alignment and technical devices for mitigation proposed for the new 500 kV are accepted as appropriate x State Committee of Environment Protection and land resources ( SCEPLR) has emphasized that project needs to obtain environmental clearance through licensed environment company of Turkmenistan and it will take about 3-4 months in the process. x They emphasized the ambient air quality shall be monitored during construction and operation stage.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 84

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Each protected area in Turkmenistan has a buffer zone of 1 to 10 km. However 25 km is considered most safe and is recommended for transmission lines as well. x Natural fresh water underground water location is to be protected if it falls in project areas. x Safety and sanitary protection zone shall be defined for project area and transmission line. 25 m for 500 kV and 14 m for 220 kV transmission line is desirable.

D. Consultation With Chief Engineer Turmenenergo Design Institute

Date : 24.04.2018 Participants : Director, Turkmenergo Design Institute, and Mr Sedar Chief engineer, Turkmenergo Design Institute

Agenda : Integration of Environmental Consideration in project Design, Birds’ protection, construction safety and waste management

65. Outcome of Discussions: Institutes has well defined priority to protect environment, habitat, water body and agriculture areas while designing transmission line alignment and technical specifications. Transmission line alignment is finalized based on physical survey and above environmental considerations. Birds’ Protection measures have already been incorporated in the design. However, they are agreeable to incorporate additional feasible options particularly birds reflection and line markers. All construction activity is undertaken by another Government body TurkmenEnergo Gurlushyk who also has its own defined occupational health and safety guidelines

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.1. Implementation Arrangements 1. The Ministry of Energy will be the executing agency for the project. It will be responsible for procurement of goods, manage contracts, manage payments for works and services under the project, and, in addition, it will also be responsible for the implementation of the grant components for capacity building.

2. The Ministry of Energy will establish a Project Management Unit (PMU) at the Department for Long-term Development, New Technologies and Capital Construction. The PMU will be responsible for the overall management and monitoring of the project. The environmental specialist to be appointed at PMU will be responsible for ensuring compliance to applicable national environmental regulations, effective implementation and monitoring of environmental management plan.

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 85

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

3. Turkmenenergo will be the implementing agency for the project. Turkmenenergo will establish a dedicated full-time Project Implementation Unit (PIU). The PIU will administer all contracts related to the reinforcement and construction of transmission lines and the construction, extension and construction of substations. It will be responsible for preparing project plans, progress reports, applications for withdrawal of funds, and any other reports required by ADB.

4. Since the substations will be rehabilitated on a supply basis, there is a risk that the actual output may not conform to the designed outcome. Further, a single responsibility contract could have provided warranty for the whole of the facilities after commissioning; under goods contract, warranty is for individual equipment only.

5. The PMU staff will include at least 5 experts (some will be part-time) covering the following expertise: Project Manager, Procurement Specialist, Environmental Specialist, Finance Specialist and Stakeholder Communication Specialist. The PMU team will oversee the works of the PIU team comprised of: Power Transmission Engineer, Substation Engineer, Field Engineer for managing construction and installation (one per site), IT Specialist, Social Impact Specialist. The PIU team will have additional responsibility for effective implementation of environmental management plan. They will work under direct coordination with environmental specialist of PMU.

6. The ADB will recruit consultants financed under the JFPR grant to support PMU and PIU capacities. The implementation arrangements are summarized in Table 3 and will be further developed and described in the project administration manual for the project.

7. Under advance procurement action, Turkmenenergo has prepared the detailed design for the transmission lines and substations, including the technical specifications and bill of quantities, through the Institute "Turkmenenergotaslama", the government owned design institute operating under the Ministry of Energy subsidiary network

Initial Environmental Examination Report, June’ 2011 86

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

7.2. Effective Implementation of Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase 82. Pre-construction and construction activities will be undertaken by TurkmenEnergo Gurlushyk, part of MOE . It is necessary that EMP for construction phase should be shared with them so as they are aware of the environmental provisions they have to ensure during implementation stage. Turkmenergo has its internal department of safety techniques at central and regional level who will also be given the responsibility of environmental management and will be responsible for effective implementation of EMP at site.

7.3. Environmental Standards for operation and maintenance of Various Civil Interventions, and Operations

83. Turkmenistan has yet only prescribed standard for Ambient Air quality which should be complied during construction and operation stages. IFC standards for electric power transmission and distribution. Is recomonded to be followed for noise and water and occupational health and safety.

84. Any additional standard prescribed by SCEPLR under environmental approval for the project, should also be complied during both construction and operation stages.

7.4. Environment Monitoring Plan(EMoP) 85. The objective of environmental monitoring during the construction and operation phases is to compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collated during study period to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and the protection of the ambient environment. 86. A monitoring schedule has been developed based on the environmental components that may be affected during the construction & operation phase of the project and is given in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Monitoring Requirement Frequency of Monitoring Remarks Construction Stage Ambient Air Quality Once in a month for Parameters and Particulate matter, Sox and frequency should be NOx as being prescribed under environmental approval by SCEPLR Details of waste generation and Once every week. disposal with photographs of disposal site

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 91

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Record of accidents and Daily incidents and occupational health record Occupational Health record Once a year Operation Stage Ambient Air Quality Once in a year Or as prescribed by SCEPLR Birds, incident ( if any ) of Weekly compilation collusion and electrocution Accident and incident of Weekly compilation Electrocution and EMF exposure Health record of the workers Once in a year

7.5. Monitoring Responsibility for Implementation of EMP

87. During project design and implementation stage the TurkmenEnergo Gurlushyk, should be liable for implementation of suggestive EMPs and Turkmenrgo (IA) will be responsible to monitoring the performance and adequacy of implementation of EMPs directly. However, during operation stage, IA should be solely responsible for implementation of the EMP & Emergency Management.

7.6. Reporting Requirement for EMP and EMoP

Reporting Requirement during Pre-Construction & Construction Phase: TurkmenEnergo Gurlushyk, will prepare and submit monthly compliance reports containing the status of environment, health & safety to IA. IA will be responsible for construction supervision and ensuring effective implementation of EMP by the TurkmenEnergo Gurlushyk, should report to PMU quarterly report about the performance and effectiveness of the EMP implementation. Any accident or emergency situation should be immediately reported by TurkmenEnergo Gurlushyk, to IA and IA to PMU along with corrective action taken control and prevent recurrence the incident/ emergency.

88. IA will report on quarterly basis the compliance of EMP to PMU for operation phase EMP compliance requirement. PMU will be responsible to submit six monthly progress report to ADB.

89. Public involvement should be encouraged and ensured throughout the lifecycle of the project. The IA should gather and maintain information on any damage or public concern that may be raised by the local people, NGOs and local authorities. While immediate solutions are to be worked out , a detailed report will be submitted to the PMU for information or detailed consideration, as the case may be.

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 92

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

7.7. Trainings & Capacity Building

90. Trainings are essential for skill building and making people competent in carrying out the operations/tasks and handling emergency situation in planned manner . It is proposed that following training and capacity building initiative shall be undertaken under the project with the support of JFPR grant component of the project.

a. Training of implementation staff on EMP implementation and occupational health and safety b. Effective waste management Techniques including hazardous waste management. c. Emergency preparedness plan

91. In addition, it is proposed to develop EHS guidelines, under the same grant, for electric power transmission and distribution covering design, construction and operation stages which should be based on best international practices. It will also include specific guidelines for waste including waste oil management.

7.8. Emergency Response and Preparedness Plan and Contingency Response Plan

92. Risks and hazards are associated with every construction site as it involves usage of heavy machinery and equipment. Similarly, risks are also associated with the operation phase. Nt It is proposed that IA should equipped itself with guidelines and equipment for handling the emergencies. It is also suggested that IA should evolve its environmental, Occupational health and safety guidelines and performance protocol.

7.9. Environmental Management Budget 93. The EMP implementation will be carried out the Govt agencies by Govt staff. The resources required for implementation of mitigation measures are integrated as part of project costs. Therefore, no separate environmental budget is defined for EMP and environmental monitoring plan implementation. However, EA & IA will be responsible to ensure availability of adequate budget for the same.

7.10. Grievance Redress Mechanism 94. The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up related to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the IA. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the IA in consultation with PMU. In case IA is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to regional grievance committee proposed to be set up under the project in line with the suggestion received during

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 93

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project public consultation. The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome should also form part of quarterly report to ADB

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 94

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 120

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 122

8. CONCLUSION

8.1. Ecological Conclusion of the State Committee for Environmental Protection and Land Resources of Turkmenistan

STATE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND LAND RESOURCES OF TURKMENISTAN 744000, Ashgabat c., Archabil avenue, 92 Phone: 44-78-01; Fax: 44-78-68

28.06.2018y. No.02/02-2

“Turkmenenergo” State Electric Power Corporation of the Ministry of Energy of Turkmenistan In response to your letter I dated 14.06.2018y.

The State Committee on Environmental Protection and Land Resources of Turkmenistan sends you a prepared Conclusion relating to the Environmental Impact Assessment Report of "Construction of ring power networks in the Akhal,

Balkan and Dashoguz provinces”.

Appendix: Conclusion No. 177 (7 pages)

Head of the Department of

Environmental Protection /signature/ B. Ballyyev

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 124

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

APPROVED BY Head of Environmental Protection Department of the State Committee on

environmental protection and land

resources of Turkmenistan

______B.Ballyyev

«28» 06 2018 y.

CONCLUSION No. 177 dated 28.06.2018y. for materials of the project “Construction of ring power networks in the Akhal, Balkan and Dashoguz provinces. Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA)” 1. General data The materials of the preliminary draft are submitted for state environmental review by the State Electric Power Corporation "Turkmenenergo" of the Ministry of Energy of Turkmenistan. The design and construction works are carried out within the scope of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Energy of Turkmenistan and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The customer is the State Electric Power Corporation "Turkmenenergo" of the Ministry of Energy of Turkmenistan, the General Contractor Organization is the State Concern "Turkmenenergogurlushyk". Materials of the project were submitted for consideration as part of the following project documentation:

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 125

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- the report "Environmental Impact Assessment" (EIA), including EMS. One of the main reasons for the implementation of design work is the depreciation of electricity distribution networks that need capital repairs and expansion. According to the Customer's data, the annual system losses in the 500 and 220-kilovolt (kV) transmission lines, on average in the system, amount to 4.6%. The transmission system also needs reconstruction and modernization to meet the growing domestic demand, growth rate of which is in the medium term rated at 2%. A new 500-kilovolt corridor for the transmission of electricity along the Serdar-Vosgok-Dashoguz-Balkanabat route is needed because of the insufficient volume of local electricity production in Dashoguz (254 megawatts (MW)) and the need for alternative methods of supplying another 200 MW of electricity from other regions. Serdar-Dashoguz-Balkanabat electricity transmission line will also create a 500-kilovolt ring system, which will help achieve the N-1 power supply redundancy standard. The project also provides for a 25-kilometer single-circuit 220 kV transmission line to connect Dashoguz with a substation in Yurta. Strengthening of the 220-kilovolt power transmission corridor of Gurly-Balkanabat will ensure compliance with the N-1 standard and guarantee effective transmission of electricity between the regions of Balkanabat and Akhal (Ashgabat). In addition, the expansion of the substation in Serdar (east) and Gurtly, the construction of a 500/220 kV substation in Balkanabat and Dashoguz from the ground up, and the replacement of existing 220/110 kV substations in Serdar (west) and Yurta are envisaged.

2. Physico-geographical characteristics

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 126

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hydrographic network The power line does not cross any of the reservoirs. The entire power transmission line from Dashoguz to Balkanabat passes through the desert. The power transmission line from Ashgabat to Balkanabat also passes, for the most part, through the territory of the wasteland and the desert. Geology The largest part of the country is occupied by sandy desert and gray-brown soils. The predominant soil types are desert sandy soil (38.7% of the territory) and serozem - gray desert soil (25.5%). Clean sands cover 9.1% of the territory and often move under the pressure of the wind (i.e, weathering occurs). Climate The territory of Turkmenistan is dominated by a continental and extremely dry climate. This is due to the peculiarities of the circulation of atmospheric air, the intracontinental location of the country, the nature of the underlying surface and the presence of mountain ranges in the southeast and south. Summer is usually very hot and dry. The highest temperature is observed in July. Seismicity According to the seismic hazard map compiled by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010, the region from Ashgabat to Balkanabat is in a highrisk zone, with a peak range of 2.4 to 4 m/ s 2 from the acceleration of the earth's crust shift, and the region from Dashoguz up to Balkanabat is in the zone of low and medium risk, with a peak acceleration range of 0.2 to 2.4 m/ s 2. Flora and fauna Vertebrate animals of Turkmenistan are represented by 747 species. The exceptional zoogeographic originality of the fauna of Turkmenistan lies in the fact that that it includes a large number of endemics, i.e, animals that are not found

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 127

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

anywhere except our deserts, mountains and river valleys. The species composition of birds varies throughout the year. Some species within Turkmenistan are found all year round and lead a sedentary lifestyle, however, the sedentariness of birds does not exclude known for them movements and migrations, which are mainly caused by biotopic and fodder characteristics.

3. Description of the planned work This project will include the construction of three new transmission lines and capital repairs of power transmission lines. It should be noted that according to the Customer's data, the final route bypasses all natural habitats, identified key ornithological territories, agricultural areas and reservoirs. Selected for the construction of new substations sites are unsuitable for cultivation of lands located far from settlements, devoid of any vegetation and free from the movement of animals. The project components include the construction of three new and the modernization of one existing transmission line, the construction of five new and the expansion of two existing substations, in accordance with the following details: - construction of a new power transmission line: from Balkan to Dashoguz (the length of 560 km); from Gurtly (near Ashgabat) to Balkanabat (450 km); from Dashoguz to Yurta (about 25 km); - modernization of existing transmission lines: from Dashoguz to Serdar (East);

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 128

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- construction of new substations in Dashoguz; in Balkan; in

Serdar (West); in Gyzylarbat; in the Yurta;

- expansion of existing substations in Gurtly; in Serdar (East). According to the Customer's information, all construction activities will be carried out on already owned by the state unoccupied land plots or on the territory of already existing facilities that are not occupied by private owners with land use rights. The management of "Turkmenenergo" also confirmed that the project activity will not be associated with any forced resettlement, and that there are no settlements in the vicinity of the sites offered for the construction of new substations.

4. Environmental Impact Assessment Atmospheric air Potential impacts in the construction and operation of electrical networks include: - impact on atmospheric air (pollution by harmful substances, noise

and electromagnetic radiation);

- impact (indirect) on water bodies (increase in water consumption); - impact (indirect) on the soils of adjacent territories (pollution of soils through sedimentation of contaminants, emergency spills of petroleum

products);

- formation and location of production and consumption wastes The activities planned for implementation will be accompanied by a negative impact on the atmospheric air of the adjacent territory during the construction of the ring transmission line. Pollution of atmospheric air during the

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 129

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

construction period will occur as a result of the operation of internal combustion engines of construction machines, during excavation and welding operations. The operation of internal combustion engines is accompanied by the release of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon oxide, hydrocarbons

(in kerosene), carbon (soot) into the atmosphere. In the production of drilling, as well as loading and unloading operations (the excavation and transfer of loose building materials - soil and sand-gravel mixture), inorganic dust is released. When conducting welding operations, iron oxide, manganese and its compounds, and fluoride gases are fed into the atmosphere. In a comparative analysis of analog projects, the designers predicted that the maximum surface concentrations, taking into account the maximum number of simultaneously operating equipment, do not exceed the norms and will be shortterm. Therefore, emissions of pollutants during the construction period into the atmosphere from operating machinery can be classified as maximum permissible. Considering the nature of the work during the construction and arrangement of facilities, the number of sources and emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere will not be constant, their quantity and volumes will vary in accordance with the periods of operations for each construction site and the combination of equipment used at each time. Impact on the geological environment and land resources The territory of the project activity extends along desert territories that do not have an agricultural or recreational purpose. In the process of preparatory and construction work, additional technogenic load on the soil and geological environment will be minimal, and is mainly associated with the movement of

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 130

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

earth masses and with temporary loading on the soil through planning works related to the leveling of the territory by a mechanized method and compaction of land under supports. Taking into account that this technogenic load is insignificant and short- term one can assume that the planned activity will not lead to large-scale impact on soil and geological environment. The project provides for the restoration of the soil and vegetation layer, prevention of erosion, soil erosion, other hazardous geological processes, backfilling of excavations, trenches and quarries, seeding by drought-resistant plants, and the stump of slopes. Impact on surface water The planned activities will be carried out in the territory of Dashoguz, Lebap, Akhal and Balkan velayats. In the area of Central Karakum, the nearest water body in relation to the laying route is the Turkmen Lake "Altyn Asyr", which is located 25 km from one of the work sites, as well as the Geokdepe

Reservoir located in the Akhal Velayat. During the construction of power lines, there is no abstraction of water from surface water bodies and from groundwater. Providing builders with water is solved due to imported water. The drainage of domestic wastewater is carried out in storage tanks, the removal of sewage generated during the construction period is carried out by specialized transport to treatment facilities in accordance with precontracted contracts prior to the commencement of work. Impact on flora and fauna As a consequence of the projected activity, changes in the habitat of animals are expected, as well as a concern for the animal world due to acoustic discomfort

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 131

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

from the work of construction equipment and mechanisms. But this impact is temporary and reversible, only for the period of construction. Waste For the period of construction, in order to protect the soil and vegetation layer from contamination, the storage of toxic waste and construction mixtures outside specially equipped places with hermetic pallets is excluded; accommodation of construction mechanisms is provided on special pallets with removal as they are generated to the landfill of household waste under contract with specialized organizations. Temporary accumulation of waste is carried out in metal containers located on a waterproof base. Waste removal is provided for the landfill of household waste. Household-domestic wastewater is exported as the capacity is filled to the treatment facilities according to contracts concluded in advance by the contracting organization. Electrodes cinders are deposited in the scrap metal recycling centers. Implementation of the envisaged project solutions with mandatory implementation of the whole complex of environmental measures will not cause dangerous environmental consequences in the adjacent area, and thus the design work will have a short-term local impact on the environment. Operation period The commissioned ring transmission line will change the terrain and may affect the living conditions of the population near the line: will create discomfort caused by acoustic noise emanating from the line, impact on television, communication, radio, the need for safety and length of stay in the zone of alienation of the line for a high electric field strength. The final route is designed

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 132

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

to bypass all natural habitats, identified important ornithological territories, agricultural lands and water bodies. The power transmission line from Dashoguz to Balkanabat was also transferred from the Kaplankyr State Nature Reserve to the desert in order to protect the birds. As plots for the construction of new substations were selected infertile wasteland, located far from settlements and devoid of any vegetation or movement of fauna. Thus, this impact can be regarded as limited, insignificant and permissible. Impact on avifauna The construction of 500 and 200-kilovolt power transmission lines will increase the risk of collision and electric shock to birds if proper precautions are not taken into account when designing the project. The set of design and planning solutions adopted by the project is aimed at optimizing the territorial and planning structure of the electric grid environment, taking into account the ecological and landscape conditions of the area: - removal of hazardous power transmission lines from the areas of accumulation and mass migration of birds, from areas of specially protected natural areas, habitats of rare and valuable bird species to the areas of minimal risk (into communication corridors linked to motorways with roadside protection belts); - consideration of the landscape attractiveness of the area as a factor affecting the fauna and population of birds; - Straightening of the power lines to reduce the number of most dangerous for the birds anchor (angular) supports. Four key ornithological territories (KOT) are located next to the proposed transmission line from Ashgabat to Balkanabat. Four KOTs are located near the

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 133

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

existing power transmission line from Serdar (West) to Dashoguz. Along the power line from Dashoguz to Balkanabat, KOTs were not found.. The project provides for a number of measures to protect the avifauna from damage and impact by the designed lines: - in the design of the transmission line, the minimum separation distance between the conductors (3300 mm) and the minimum distance between the jumper and the support (4000 mm) is already provided, which is much larger than the maximum span of the wings of the largest bird (2500 mm); - open conductive parts are proposed to be closed (insulated) to reduce the risk of electric shock; - all end structures (transformers) are proposed to be designed with sufficient insulation on the jumper and dischargers (limiters of atmospheric overvoltages), all jumpers on the output support will be isolated; - the switches will be designed in such a way as to make it unlikely to sit on them; - a marking means is also provided for labeling the power line so that birds can recognize the power line at a distance; - bird reflectors will be installed on each support, including the supports of existing power lines. Consultations with the public For the project, consultations were held with project participants, national and local authorities, as well as civil society organizations to receive feedback and advice on the selection of the site, the potential impact on the local population and the existing land use, challenges and expectations associated with the project.

5. Environmental Protection Plan

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 134

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

In order to mitigate possible adverse effects on environmental components, reduce them to an acceptable level and provide environmental protection requirements, the project provides for the Environmental Protection Plan (G100C). The EMS includes the organization of environmental control in the territory of the planned works, control over the state of atmospheric air, soil cover and water bodies. During the construction period, the main task of environmental monitoring will be to monitor the toxicity and smokiness of exhaust gases from cars, machinery, special equipment and prevent leaking of fuels and lubricants. The main task of monitoring the state of atmospheric air is to ensure control over the technical condition and compliance with the rules of operation of all types of devices, the work of which is accompanied by emissions to the atmosphere and possible contamination of the soil cover and water bodies. In carrying out excavation work during the construction of supports, it is not expected that any pollutants of soils and groundwater will be detected. Therefore, during the excavation work on a permanent basis, only the control of dust formation should be carried out. Thus, it should be concluded that no adverse effects on soil quality are expected. The purpose of environmental education is to familiarize the personnel involved in the planned project with plans, with instructions and requirements for environmental protection.

6. Environmental requirements The materials of the project submitted for the environmental impact assessment are preliminary and do not contain all the detailed information on the technical aspects of the planned work. In accordance with the environmental

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 135

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

legislation of Turkmenistan, the State Committee for Environmental Protection and Land Resources of Turkmenistan notes that the Customer (State Power Corporation "Turkmenenergo") during the construction and operation of the ring energy system must comply with the following environmental requirements: 1) to process in the State Committee of Turkmenistan on Environmental Protection and Land Resources "Permission for emission of pollutants into the atmosphere" for the period of project work and to make an appropriate mandatory payment to the state for discharging pollutants into the environment during the construction period; 2) in order to ensure environmental safety in the implementation of the project, to implement measures aimed at minimizing the negative impact on the flora and fauna, especially on avifauna; 3) it is necessary to control the level of filling the sump and ensure timely removal of liquid in a special container to the storage or disposal of lubricants, and to monitor the penetration of atmospheric precipitation into the sump and take all necessary measures for the timely pumping of water from the tank; 4) the Customer and the General Contractor together with the velayat Environmental Protection Departments of the State Committee shall carry out work to determine the possible pollution and damage to the atmosphere, land resources and biological diversity during the construction works with the aim of further compensating the state for possible damage in accordance with established procedures according to Turkmenistan's nature protection tariffs in force; 5) due to the fact that the information presented in the EIA report is preliminary, the State Committee notes that in the next stage of the project, in

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 136

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

more detailed design, each of the sections of the projected construction must be separately carried out through the state environmental review procedure.

Conclusions: Based on the consideration of the materials submitted, the

State Committee for Environmental Protection and Land Resources of Turkmenistan, for its part, coordinates the materials of the project “Construction of ring power networks in the Akhal, Balkan and Dashoguz velayats. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)” with the condition of mandatory performance of environmental requirements of the State Committee for Environmental Protection and Land Resources set out in paragraph 6 of this

Conclusion by the Customer and the General Contractor.

Head of Environmental Expertise Department /signature/ D.Durdykova

Chief Specialist /signature/ G.Kulyyeva

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 137

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

APPENDIX 2.1 : Rapid Environmental Assessment (Rea) Checklists

POWER TRANSMISSION

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to Environment and Safeguards Division (SDES) for endorsement by Director, SDES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

TKM/ Power Sector Development Project Country/Project Title:

Sector Division: CWEN

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project siting Is the project area adjacent to or within any of the following

environmentally sensitive areas?

 Cultural heritage site X The project areas are not located close to any protected or identified cultural heritage sites. However, chance finds procedures will be developed in the IEE  Protected area X The original 500 kV Dasouguz to Balkan Transmission line was close to Kaplankyre State reserve but has been realigned to be shifted towards desert > 50 Km away from the reserve. Other National reserves are far away.  Wetland X One of the 5 identified IBAs is a mash wetland. The TL Gurtly - Balkan is routed bypassing the Gokdepe reservoir and adjacent agriculture area at a minimum distance of about 50 m  Mangrove X  Estuarine X

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 i

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

 Buffer zone of protected area X  Special area for protecting biodiversity X 8 IBAs identified by IBAT located on a distance along the existing TLs AshgabatBalkanabat and Sedar East – Yurt but technical devices for bird protection are proposed

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…

 encroachment on historical/cultural areas, X Gravels will be sourced from authorised disfiguration of landscape and increased waste quarries. No road embankment is proposed generation? to be constructed. Access roads to sub station are generally exist or requires no embankment construction. No separate access road will be constructed for Transmission line, generally temporary access roads exist along the transmission line route.  encroachment on precious ecosystem (e.g. sensitive X New substations will be located in the or protected areas)? desert areas, TLs are out of sensitives Natural reserve and identified IBAs  alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways X crossed by roads and resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at the construction site?

 damage to sensitive coastal/marine habitats by X construction of submarine cables?

 deterioration of surface water quality due to silt X Very limited impacts anticipated. runoff, sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and Construction will be undertaken in desert chemicals used in construction? areas by inhouse labour of regional construction companies of Turmenergo. Worker camps are likely to be set up for sites located much away from habitat areas. Good site management and practical sanitation facilities will be required

 increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, X Construction will be undertaken in desert cutting and filling? areas

 risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational X Risks due to construction works, electric health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, hazards, hazardous waste from releasing and radiological hazards during project construction old equipment. Risks anticipated during and operation? operations related to maintenance of power lines and substations  chemical pollution resulting from chemical clearing of X vegetation for construction site?

 noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil X Civil works will not involve blasting. Limited works? noise and vibration due to construction of substations but all are far from residential areas

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

 dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? X

 disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and X children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

 social conflicts relating to inconveniences in living X Construction will be undertaken in desert conditions where construction interferes with pre- areas by inhouse labour of regional existing roads? construction companies of Turkmenergo

 hazardous driving conditions where construction X Increased traffic volume on the existing interferes with pre-existing roads? roads due to transportation of construction materials and equipment Screening Questions Yes No Remarks  creation of temporary breeding habitats for vectors of X disease such as mosquitoes and rodents?

 dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people X living in right-of-way of the power transmission lines?

 environmental disturbances associated with the X Very limited as the TLs are located mostly maintenance of lines (e.g. routine control of vegetative in desert areas height under the lines)?

 facilitation of access to protected areas in case X corridors traverse protected areas?

 disturbances (e.g. noise and chemical pollutants) if X herbicides are used to control vegetative height?

 large population influx during project construction X Construction works are of small scale and and operation that cause increased burden on social far away from residential areas infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

 social conflicts if workers from other regions or X Construction works will be done by countries are hired? Turkmenergo workers. Limited number of workers under turnkey contracts for equipment  poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in X Very limited construction camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local populations?

 risks to community safety associated with X TLs and Substations are far away from maintenance of lines and related facilities? residential areas

 community health hazards due to electromagnetic X TLs and Substations are far away from fields, land subsidence, lowered groundwater table, residential areas and salinization?

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 iii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

 risks to community health and safety due to the X Risks on existing roads mostly related to transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials transportation of construction materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during and equipment during construction construction and operation?

 community safety risks due to both accidental and X Project activities will take place far away natural hazards, especially where the structural from residential areas elements or components of the project (e.g., high voltage wires, and transmission towers and lines) are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

Appendix 3.1 : International EHS standard, Guidelines and Exposure limits

Suitable International Standards and Guidelines with respect to Effluent discharge, air emissions, Noise Levels, electromagnetic field exposure limits and the same are given at Table 1 to 4 Below.

Table 1: IFC Sewage Effluent Discharge Guidelines Indicated Values for Treated Sanitary Sewage Discharges a Pollutants Guideline Value (mg/l) pH 6–9 pH units BOD 30 COD 125 Total nitrogen 10 Total phosphorus 2 Oil and grease 10 Total suspended solids 50 Total coli form bacteria 400a MPNb / 100 ml

Table 2 : IFC‟s General EHS Guidelines (April 2007) (WHO and European Air Quality Standards) Averaging Air Quality Pollutant period Standards [μg/m³] Source 200 NO2 1 year 40 150 (IT1) 24 hours 100 (IT2) 75 (IT3) 50 (GL)

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 iv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

PM10 70 (IT1) IFC, 2007 1 year 50 (IT2) 30 (IT3) 20 (GL) 10 minutes 500 (GL)

SO2 125 (IT1) 24 hours 50 (IT2) 20 (GL Maximum daily European Directive CO 8 10,000 2008/50/EC of 21 hr May 2008 mean

Table 3 : IFC EHS Guidelines ( Noise Standards) One Hour LAeq (dBA) Receptor Daytime Night-time 7:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 7:00 Residential; institutional; 55 45 educational Industrial; commercial 70 70

Table 3: ICNIRP Exposure Limits for General Public exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields

Frequency Electric Filed ( V/m) Magnetic Filed ( ) 50 Hz 5000 100 60 Hz 4150 83

Source: ICNIRP Guidelines for limiting exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic field.

Table 4 : OSHA Standard : Alternate Current- Minimum Working Distance for Trained Employees

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 v

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 vi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Appendix 4.1 : List of Total number of Birds of Turkmenistan

Global IUCN Red List Scientific name English name Family Category Phasianidae (Pheasants, Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse) LC Phasianidae (Pheasants, Tetraogallus caspius Caspian Snowcock Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse) LC Himalayan Phasianidae (Pheasants, Tetraogallus himalayensis Snowcock Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse) LC Phasianidae (Pheasants, Alectoris chukar Chukar Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse) LC Phasianidae (Pheasants, Ammoperdix griseogularis See-see Partridge Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse) LC Phasianidae (Pheasants, Francolinus francolinus Black Francolin Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse) LC Phasianidae (Pheasants, Phasianus colchicus Common Pheasant Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck Swans) EN Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Cygnus olor Mute Swan Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Anser anser Greylag Goose Swans) LC Greater Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Whitefronted Swans) Anser albifrons Goose LC Lesser Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Whitefronted Swans) Anser erythropus Goose VU Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Swans) VU

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Swans) VU Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Melanitta nigra Common Scoter Swans) LC Common Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Bucephala clangula Goldeneye Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Mergellus albellus Smew Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Mergus merganser Goosander Swans) LC Mergus serrator Red-breasted Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 vi

Merganser Swans)

Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Marmaronetta angustirostris Marbled Teal Swans) VU Red-crested Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Netta rufina Pochard Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Aythya ferina Common Pochard Swans) VU Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck Swans) NT Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Aythya marila Greater Scaup Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Spatula querquedula Garganey Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Spatula clypeata Northern Shoveler Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Mareca falcata Falcated Duck Swans) NT

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 viii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Mareca strepera Gadwall Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Mareca penelope Eurasian Wigeon Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Anas acuta Northern Pintail Swans) LC Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Anas crecca Common Teal Swans) LC Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Great Crested Podiceps cristatus Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) VU Podiceps nigricollis Black-necked Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Phoenicopterus roseus Greater Flamingo Phoenicopteridae (Flamingos) LC Columba livia Rock Dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba rupestris Hill Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba leuconota Snow Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba oenas Stock Dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba eversmanni Yellow-eyed Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) VU

Common Columba palumbus Woodpigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC European Streptopelia turtur Turtledove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) VU Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle- Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC dove Eurasian Streptopelia decaocto Collareddove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Spilopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Syrrhaptes paradoxus Pallas's Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Black-bellied Pterocles orientalis Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Pin-tailed Pterocles alchata Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Caprimulgus europaeus European Nightjar Caprimulgidae (Nightjars) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Caprimulgus aegyptius Egyptian Nightjar Caprimulgidae (Nightjars) LC Tachymarptis melba Alpine Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Apus affinis Little Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Apus apus Common Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Cuculus canorus Common Cuckoo Cuculidae (Cuckoos) LC Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Rallus aquaticus Western Water Rail Coots) LC Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Crex crex Corncrake Coots) LC Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Porzana porzana Spotted Crake Coots) LC Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Zapornia parva Little Crake Coots) LC Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Zapornia pusilla Baillon's Crake Coots) LC Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen Coots) LC Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Coots) LC Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Fulica atra Common Coot Coots) LC Leucogeranus leucogeranus Siberian Crane Gruidae (Cranes) CR Anthropoides virgo Demoiselle Crane Gruidae (Cranes) LC Grus grus Common Crane Gruidae (Cranes) LC Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard Otididae (Bustards) NT Otis tarda Great Bustard Otididae (Bustards) VU Chlamydotis macqueenii Asian Houbara Otididae (Bustards) VU Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon Gaviidae (Loons/Divers) LC Gavia arctica Arctic Loon Gaviidae (Loons/Divers) LC Ciconia nigra Black Stork Ciconiidae (Storks) LC

Ciconia ciconia White Stork Ciconiidae (Storks) LC Threskiornithidae (Ibises, Platalea leucorodia Eurasian Spoonbill Spoonbills) LC Threskiornithidae (Ibises, Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Spoonbills) LC Botaurus stellaris Eurasian Bittern Ardeidae (Herons) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 x

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Common Little Ixobrychus minutus Bittern Ardeidae (Herons) LC Black-crowned Nycticorax nycticorax Night-heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea alba Great White Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Egretta garzetta Little Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanidae (Pelicans) NT Pelecanus onocrotalus Great White Pelican Pelecanidae (Pelicans) LC Phalacrocoracidae Microcarbo pygmaeus Pygmy Cormorant (Cormorants) LC Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant (Cormorants) LC Burhinus oedicnemus Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinidae (Thick-knees) LC Eurasian Haematopodidae Haematopus ostralegus Oystercatcher (Oystercatchers) NT Ibidorhyncha struthersii Ibisbill Ibidorhynchidae (Ibisbill) LC Recurvirostridae (Avocets, Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet Stilts) LC Recurvirostridae (Avocets, Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Stilts) LC Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Eurasian Golden Pluvialis apricaria Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Pacific Golden Pluvialis fulva Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Eudromias morinellus Eurasian Dotterel Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Common Ringed Charadrius hiaticula Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sandplover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius asiaticus Caspian Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Vanellus vanellus Northern Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) NT Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Charadriidae (Plovers) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Lapwing Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Vanellus gregarius Sociable Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) CR Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Vanellus leucurus White-tailed Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Lapwing Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Snipes, Phalaropes) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, NT Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Snipes, Phalaropes) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris pugnax Ruff Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Broad-billed Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris falcinellus Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris alba Sanderling Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris alpina Dunlin Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris minuta Little Stint Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Gallinago solitaria Solitary Snipe Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Gallinago stenura Pintail Snipe Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Gallinago media Great Snipe Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Lymnocryptes minimus Jack Snipe Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Red-necked Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Phalaropus lobatus Phalarope Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Snipes, Phalaropes) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Tringa nebularia Common Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Greenshank Snipes, Phalaropes) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Tringa totanus Common Redshank Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Snipes, Phalaropes) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Snipes, Phalaropes) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Cream-coloured Glareolidae (Coursers, Cursorius cursor Courser Pratincoles) LC Glareolidae (Coursers, Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole Pratincoles) LC Black-winged Glareolidae (Coursers, Glareola nordmanni Pratincole Pratincoles) NT Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Hydrocoloeus minutus Little Gull Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Larus genei Slender-billed Gull Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Larus ichthyaetus Pallas's Gull Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Larus melanocephalus Mediterranean Gull Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Larus canus Mew Gull Skimmers) LC Lesser Black-backed Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Larus fuscus Gull Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Sternula albifrons Little Tern Skimmers) LC Common Gull-billed Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Gelochelidon nilotica Tern Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Chlidonias niger Black Tern Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Sterna hirundo Common Tern Skimmers) LC Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Thalasseus sandvicensis Sandwich Tern Skimmers) LC Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Jaeger Stercorariidae (Skuas) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Stercorarius pomarinus Pomarine Jaeger Stercorariidae (Skuas) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Athene noctua Little Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Otus scops Eurasian Scops-owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Otus brucei Pallid Scops-owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Asio otus Northern Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Longeared Owl Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Strix aluco Tawny Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Bubo bubo Eurasian Eagle-owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Pandion haliaetus Osprey Pandionidae (Osprey) LC Gypaetus barbatus Bearded Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) NT Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Short-toed Circaetus gallicus Snakeeagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) NT Greater Spotted Clanga clanga Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) VU Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Eastern Imperial Aquila heliaca Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) VU Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Aquila fasciata Bonelli's Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Western Circus aeruginosus Marshharrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) NT Circus pygargus Montagu's Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Accipiter badius Shikra Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Eurasian Accipiter nisus Sparrowhawk Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Haliaeetus leucoryphus Pallas's Fish-eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN White-tailed Haliaeetus albicilla Seaeagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Milvus migrans Black Kite Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Buteo buteo Eurasian Buzzard Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Long-legged Buteo rufinus Buzzard Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Upupa epops Common Hoopoe Upupidae (Hoopoes) LC Blue-cheeked Merops persicus Beeeater Meropidae (Bee-eaters) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Merops apiaster European Bee-eater Meropidae (Bee-eaters) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Coracias garrulus European Roller Coraciidae (Rollers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Jynx torquilla Eurasian Wryneck Picidae (Woodpeckers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xl

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Picus squamatus Scaly-bellied Picidae (Woodpeckers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xli

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Woodpecker Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xlii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Dendrocopos leucopterus White-winged Picidae (Woodpeckers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xliii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Woodpecker Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xliv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel Falconidae (Falcons, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xlv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Caracaras) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xlvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel Falconidae (Falcons, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xlvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Caracaras) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xlviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Falco columbarius Merlin Falconidae (Falcons, LC Caracaras) Falco subbuteo Eurasian Hobby Falconidae (Falcons, LC Caracaras) Falco cherrug Saker Falcon Falconidae (Falcons, EN Caracaras) Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Falconidae (Falcons, LC Caracaras) Indian Golden Oriolidae (Orioles and Oriolus kundoo Oriole figbirds) LC Indian Terpsiphone paradisi Paradiseflycatcher Monarchidae (Monarchs) LC Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius phoenicuroides Red-tailed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius isabellinus Isabelline Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius vittatus Bay-backed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius schach Long-tailed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius excubitor Great Grey Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius nubicus Masked Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Red-billed Chough Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Yellow-billed Pyrrhocorax graculus Chough Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Turkestan Podoces panderi Groundjay Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Pica pica Eurasian Magpie Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus monedula Eurasian Jackdaw Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus frugilegus Rook Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus corax Common Raven Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Brown-necked Corvus ruficollis Raven Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus corone Carrion Crow Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Periparus ater Coal Tit Paridae (Tits and chickadees) LC Periparus rufonuchalis Rufous-naped Tit Paridae (Tits and chickadees) LC Cyanistes cyanus Azure Tit Paridae (Tits and chickadees) LC Parus major Great Tit Paridae (Tits and chickadees) LC Remiz macronyx Black-headed Remizidae (Penduline-tits) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xlix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Penduline-tit Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 l

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Remiz coronatus White-crowned Remizidae (Penduline-tits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 li

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Penduline-tit Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Ammomanes deserti Desert Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 liii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Alaudala rufescens Lesser Short-toed Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 liv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Lark Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Melanocorypha bimaculata Bimaculated Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Melanocorypha calandra Calandra Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Melanocorypha yeltoniensis Black Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Calandrella acutirostris Hume's Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Greater Short-toed Calandrella brachydactyla Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Lullula arborea Woodlark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Alauda leucoptera White-winged Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Alauda arvensis Eurasian Skylark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Galerida cristata Crested Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Panurus biarmicus Bearded Reedling Panuridae (Bearded Reedling) LC Acrocephalidae Iduna caligata Booted Warbler (Reedwarblers) LC Acrocephalidae Iduna rama Sykes's Warbler (Reedwarblers) LC Acrocephalidae Iduna pallida Olivaceous Warbler (Reedwarblers) LC Acrocephalidae Hippolais languida Upcher's Warbler (Reedwarblers) LC Moustached Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus melanopogon Warbler (Reedwarblers) LC Blyth's Reedwarbler Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus dumetorum (Reedwarblers) LC Common Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus scirpaceus Reedwarbler (Reedwarblers) LC Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus agricola Paddyfield Warbler (Reedwarblers) LC Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great Reed-warbler (Reedwarblers) LC Clamorous Acrocephalidae Acrocephalus stentoreus Reedwarbler (Reedwarblers) LC Locustellidae (Grasshopperwarblers and Locustella luscinioides Savi's Warbler grassbirds) LC Common Locustellidae Grasshopperwarbler (Grasshopperwarblers and Locustella naevia grassbirds) LC Delichon urbicum Northern House Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Martin martins) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Cecropis daurica Red-rumped Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Swallow martins) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Swallow martins) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

martins) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Ptyonoprogne rupestris Eurasian Crag Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Martin martins) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Riparia riparia Collared Sand Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Martin martins) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Brooks's Phylloscopidae (Leaf- Phylloscopus subviridis Leafwarbler warblers) LC Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf- LC warblers) Phylloscopus tristis Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopidae (Leaf- LC warblers) Phylloscopus neglectus Plain Leaf-warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf- LC warblers) Sulphur-bellied Phylloscopidae (Leaf- Phylloscopus griseolus Warbler warblers) LC Phylloscopus nitidus Green Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf- LC warblers) Phylloscopus trochiloides Greenish Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf- LC warblers) Streaked Scotocerca inquieta Scrubwarbler Scotocercidae (Bush-warblers) LC Cettia cetti Cetti's Warbler Scotocercidae (Bush-warblers) LC White-browed Leptopoecile sophiae Titwarbler Aegithalidae (Long-tailed Tits) LC Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit Aegithalidae (Long-tailed Tits) LC Sylvia borin Garden Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Asian Desert Sylvia nana Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia nisoria Barred Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Eastern Orphean Sylvia crassirostris Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Menetries's Sylvia mystacea Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Common Sylvia communis Whitethroat Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Bar-tailed Certhia himalayana Treecreeper Certhiidae (Treecreepers) LC Eurasian Certhia familiaris Treecreeper Certhiidae (Treecreepers) LC Eastern Rock Sittidae (Nuthatches and Sitta tephronota Nuthatch Wallcreeper) LC Sittidae (Nuthatches and Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper Wallcreeper) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Troglodytes troglodytes Northern Wren Troglodytidae (Wrens) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Cinclus cinclus White-throated Cinclidae (Dippers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Dipper Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Cinclus pallasii Brown Dipper Cinclidae (Dippers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling Sturnidae (Starlings) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Pastor roseus Rosy Starling Sturnidae (Starlings) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Turdus viscivorus Mistle Thrush Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Turdus philomelos Song Thrush Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Rufous-tailed Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Cercotrichas galactotes Scrubrobin World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Erithacus rubecula European Robin World flycatchers) LC White-throated Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Irania gutturalis Robin World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Cyanecula svecica Bluethroat World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Luscinia luscinia Thrush Nightingale World flycatchers) LC Common Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Luscinia megarhynchos Nightingale World flycatchers) LC Blue Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Myophonus caeruleus Whistlingthrush World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Ficedula albicollis Collared Flycatcher World flycatchers) LC Eversmann's Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Phoenicurus erythronotus Redstart World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Phoenicurus phoenicurus Common Redstart World flycatchers) LC White-winged Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Phoenicurus erythrogastrus Redstart World flycatchers) LC Rufous-tailed Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Monticola saxatilis Rockthrush World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Monticola solitarius Blue Rock-thrush World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Saxicola torquatus Common Stonechat World flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear World flycatchers) LC Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline Muscicapidae (Chats and Old LC Wheatear

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

World flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe deserti Desert Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

World flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe pleschanka Pied Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

World flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe picata Variable Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

World flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Oenanthe finschii Finsch's Wheatear World flycatchers) LC Red-tailed Muscicapidae (Chats and Old Oenanthe chrysopygia Wheatear World flycatchers) LC Hypocolius ampelinus Hypocolius Hypocoliidae (Hypocolius) LC Bombycilla garrulus Bohemian Waxwing Bombycillidae (Waxwings) LC Prunella himalayana Altai Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Prunella fulvescens Brown Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Black-throated Prunella atrogularis Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Passeridae (Sparrows, Passer ammodendri Saxaul Sparrow snowfinches and allies) LC Passeridae (Sparrows, Passer domesticus House Sparrow snowfinches and allies) LC Passeridae (Sparrows, Passer hispaniolensis Spanish Sparrow snowfinches and allies) LC Passeridae (Sparrows, Passer zarudnyi Zarudny's Sparrow snowfinches and allies) LC Eurasian Tree Passeridae (Sparrows, Passer montanus Sparrow snowfinches and allies) LC Passeridae (Sparrows, Carpospiza brachydactyla Pale Sparrow snowfinches and allies) LC Passeridae (Sparrows, Petronia petronia Rock Sparrow snowfinches and allies) LC Motacillidae (Wagtails and Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit pipits) LC Motacillidae (Wagtails and Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit pipits) LC Motacillidae (Wagtails and Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit pipits) NT Motacillidae (Wagtails and Anthus spinoletta Water Pipit pipits) LC Motacillidae (Wagtails and Anthus richardi Richard's Pipit pipits) LC Motacillidae (Wagtails and Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit pipits) LC Western Yellow Motacillidae (Wagtails and Motacilla flava Wagtail pipits) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

pipits) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 lxxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xc

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

pipits) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xci

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla alba White Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xcii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

pipits) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xciii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Fringilla coelebs Common Chaffinch Fringillidae (Finches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xciv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hawaiian honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xcv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Fringilla montifringilla Brambling Fringillidae (Finches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xcvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hawaiian honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xcvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Mycerobas carnipes White-winged Fringillidae (Finches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xcviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Grosbeak Hawaiian honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 xcix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Coccothraustes Hawfinch Fringillidae (Finches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 c

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

coccothraustes Hawaiian honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ci

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch Fringillidae (Finches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hawaiian honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ciii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Carpodacus puniceus Red-fronted Fringillidae (Finches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 civ

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Rosefinch Hawaiian honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Rhodopechys sanguineus Eurasian Fringillidae (Finches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Crimsonwinged Hawaiian honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Finch Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Bucanetes githagineus Trumpeter Finch Fringillidae (Finches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hawaiian honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Plain Fringillidae (Finches and Leucosticte nemoricola Mountainfinch Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Brandt's Fringillidae (Finches and Leucosticte brandti Mountainfinch Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Rhodospiza obsoleta Desert Finch Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC European Fringillidae (Finches and Chloris chloris Greenfinch Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Linaria flavirostris Twite Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Linaria cannabina Common Linnet Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Carduelis carduelis European Goldfinch Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Carduelis caniceps Eastern Goldfinch Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Serinus pusillus Red-fronted Serin Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Spinus spinus Eurasian Siskin Hawaiian honeycreepers) LC Red-headed Emberizidae (Buntings, Emberiza bruniceps Bunting American sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, Emberiza calandra Corn Bunting American sparrows and allies) LC Emberiza cia Rock Bunting Emberizidae (Buntings, LC American sparrows and allies)

Grey-necked Emberizidae (Buntings, Emberiza buchanani Bunting American sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, Emberiza hortulana Ortolan Bunting American sparrows and allies) LC White-capped Emberizidae (Buntings, Emberiza stewarti Bunting American sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer American sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, Emberiza leucocephalos Pine Bunting American sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting American sparrows and allies) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Appendix 4.2: List of Globally Threatened Bird Species

Global IUCN Red List Scientific name English name Family Category Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, EN Swans) Lesser White-fronted Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Anser erythropus Goose Swans) VU Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, VU Swans) Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, VU Swans) Marmaronetta Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, angustirostris Marbled Teal Swans) VU Aythya ferina Common Pochard Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, VU Swans) Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) VU Columba eversmanni Yellow-eyed Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) VU Streptopelia turtur European Turtle-dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) VU Leucogeranus leucogeranus Siberian Crane Gruidae (Cranes) CR Otis tarda Great Bustard Otididae (Bustards) VU Chlamydotis macqueenii Asian Houbara Otididae (Bustards) VU Vanellus gregarius Sociable Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) CR Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Clanga clanga Greater Spotted Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) VU Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Aquila heliaca Eastern Imperial Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) VU Haliaeetus leucoryphus Pallas's Fish-eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Falco cherrug Saker Falcon Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) EN

Appendix 4.3 : List of Sea Birds Global IUCN Red List Scientific name English name Family

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Category

Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Melanitta nigra Common Scoter Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mergus merganser Goosander Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Aythya marila Greater Scaup Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) VU Podiceps nigricollis Black-necked Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon Gaviidae (Loons/Divers) LC Gavia arctica Arctic Loon Gaviidae (Loons/Divers) LC Pelecanus onocrotalus Great White Pelican Pelecanidae (Pelicans) LC Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropes) LC Hydrocoloeus minutus Little Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus genei Slender-billed Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus ichthyaetus Pallas's Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus melanocephalus Mediterranean Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus canus Mew Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Sternula albifrons Little Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Gelochelidon nilotica Common Gull-billed Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Tern Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Chlidonias niger Black Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Sterna hirundo Common Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Thalasseus sandvicensis Sandwich Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Jaeger Stercorariidae (Skuas) LC Stercorarius pomarinus Pomarine Jaeger Stercorariidae (Skuas) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Appendix 4.4: List of Water Birds

Global IUCN Red List Scientific name English name Family Category Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) EN Cygnus olor Mute Swan Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Anser anser Greylag Goose Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Greater White-fronted Anser albifrons Goose Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Lesser White-fronted Anser erythropus Goose Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Melanitta nigra Common Scoter Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mergellus albellus Smew Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mergus merganser Goosander Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Red-breasted Mergus serrator Merganser Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Marmaronetta angustirostris Marbled Teal Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Aythya ferina Common Pochard Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) NT Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Aythya marila Greater Scaup Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Spatula querquedula Garganey Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Spatula clypeata Northern Shoveler Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mareca falcata Falcated Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) NT

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Mareca strepera Gadwall Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mareca penelope Eurasian Wigeon Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Anas acuta Northern Pintail Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Anas crecca Common Teal Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC

Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) VU Podiceps nigricollis Black-necked Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Phoenicopterus roseus Greater Flamingo Phoenicopteridae (Flamingos) LC Rallus aquaticus Western Water Rail Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, LC Coots) Crex crex Corncrake Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, LC Coots) Porzana porzana Spotted Crake Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, LC Coots) Zapornia parva Little Crake Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, LC Coots) Zapornia pusilla Baillon's Crake Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, LC Coots) Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, LC Coots) Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, LC Coots) Fulica atra Common Coot Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, LC Coots) Leucogeranus leucogeranus Siberian Crane Gruidae (Cranes) CR Anthropoides virgo Demoiselle Crane Gruidae (Cranes) LC Grus grus Common Crane Gruidae (Cranes) LC Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon Gaviidae (Loons/Divers) LC Gavia arctica Arctic Loon Gaviidae (Loons/Divers) LC Ciconia nigra Black Stork Ciconiidae (Storks) LC Ciconia ciconia White Stork Ciconiidae (Storks) LC Threskiornithidae (Ibises, Platalea leucorodia Eurasian Spoonbill Spoonbills) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Threskiornithidae (Ibises, Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Spoonbills) LC Botaurus stellaris Eurasian Bittern Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ixobrychus minutus Common Little Bittern Ardeidae (Herons) LC Black-crowned Nycticorax nycticorax Nightheron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea alba Great White Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Egretta garzetta Little Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanidae (Pelicans) NT Pelecanus onocrotalus Great White Pelican Pelecanidae (Pelicans) LC Microcarbo pygmaeus Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) LC Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) LC Burhinus oedicnemus Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinidae (Thick-knees) LC Haematopus Haematopodidae ostralegus Eurasian Oystercatcher (Oystercatchers) NT Ibidorhyncha struthersii Ibisbill Ibidorhynchidae (Ibisbill) LC

Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet Recurvirostridae (Avocets, LC Stilts) Himantopus Recurvirostridae (Avocets, himantopus Black-winged Stilt Stilts) LC Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Pluvialis apricaria Eurasian Golden Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Eudromias morinellus Eurasian Dotterel Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius hiaticula Common Ringed Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sandplover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius asiaticus Caspian Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Vanellus vanellus Northern Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) NT Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Vanellus gregarius Sociable Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) CR Vanellus leucurus White-tailed Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris pugnax Ruff Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris falcinellus Broad-billed Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris alba Sanderling Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris alpina Dunlin Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Calidris minuta Little Stint Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Gallinago solitaria Solitary Snipe Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, LC

Snipes, Phalaropes)

Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Gallinago stenura Pintail Snipe Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Gallinago media Great Snipe Snipes, Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Lymnocryptes minimus Jack Snipe Snipes, Phalaropes) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Snipes, Phalaropes) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Snipes, Phalaropes) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Tringa totanus Common Redshank Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Snipes, Phalaropes) LC Cream-coloured Glareolidae (Coursers, Cursorius cursor Courser Pratincoles) LC Glareolidae (Coursers, Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole Pratincoles) LC Glareolidae (Coursers, Glareola nordmanni Black-winged Pratincole Pratincoles) NT Hydrocoloeus minutus Little Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus genei Slender-billed Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus ichthyaetus Pallas's Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus melanocephalus Mediterranean Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Larus canus Mew Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Lesser Black-backed Larus fuscus Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Sternula albifrons Little Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Common Gull-billed Gelochelidon nilotica Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Chlidonias niger Black Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Sterna hirundo Common Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Thalasseus Sandwich Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC sandvicensis

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Appendix 4.5 : List of Migratory Birds

Global IUCN Red List Scientific name English name Family Category Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Turkeys, Grouse) LC Oxyura leucocephala White-headed Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) EN Cygnus olor Mute Swan Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Anser anser Greylag Goose Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Greater White-fronted Anser albifrons Goose Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Lesser White-fronted Anser erythropus Goose Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Melanitta nigra Common Scoter Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mergellus albellus Smew Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mergus merganser Goosander Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Red-breasted Mergus serrator Merganser Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Tadorna tadorna Common Shelduck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Marmaronetta angustirostris Marbled Teal Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Netta rufina Red-crested Pochard Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Aythya ferina Common Pochard Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) VU Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) NT Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Aythya marila Greater Scaup Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Spatula querquedula Garganey Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Spatula clypeata Northern Shoveler Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Mareca falcata Falcated Duck Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) NT Mareca strepera Gadwall Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Mareca penelope Eurasian Wigeon Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Anas platyrhynchos Mallard Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Anas acuta Northern Pintail Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Anas crecca Common Teal Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, Swans) LC Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC

Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) VU Podiceps nigricollis Black-necked Grebe Podicipedidae (Grebes) LC Phoenicopterus Greater Flamingo Phoenicopteridae (Flamingos) LC roseus Columba leuconota Snow Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba oenas Stock Dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba eversmanni Yellow-eyed Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) VU Columba palumbus Common Woodpigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Streptopelia turtur European Turtle-dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) VU Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle-dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Spilopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Syrrhaptes paradoxus Pallas's Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Black-bellied Pterocles orientalis Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Pterocles alchata Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Caprimulgus europaeus European Nightjar Caprimulgidae (Nightjars) LC Caprimulgus aegyptius Egyptian Nightjar Caprimulgidae (Nightjars) LC Tachymarptis melba Alpine Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Apus affinis Little Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Apus apus Common Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Cuculus canorus Common Cuckoo Cuculidae (Cuckoos) LC Rallus aquaticus Western Water Rail Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots) LC Crex crex Corncrake Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots) LC Porzana porzana Spotted Crake Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots) LC Zapornia parva Little Crake Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots) LC Zapornia pusilla Baillon's Crake Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots) LC Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Fulica atra Common Coot Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, Coots) LC Leucogeranus leucogeranus Siberian Crane Gruidae (Cranes) CR Anthropoides virgo Demoiselle Crane Gruidae (Cranes) LC Grus grus Common Crane Gruidae (Cranes) LC Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard Otididae (Bustards) NT Otis tarda Great Bustard Otididae (Bustards) VU Chlamydotis macqueenii Asian Houbara Otididae (Bustards) VU Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon Gaviidae (Loons/Divers) LC Gavia arctica Arctic Loon Gaviidae (Loons/Divers) LC Ciconia nigra Black Stork Ciconiidae (Storks) LC Ciconia ciconia White Stork Ciconiidae (Storks) LC

Platalea leucorodia Eurasian Spoonbill Threskiornithidae (Ibises, LC Spoonbills) Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis Threskiornithidae (Ibises, LC Spoonbills) Botaurus stellaris Eurasian Bittern Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ixobrychus minutus Common Little Bittern Ardeidae (Herons) LC Black-crowned Nycticorax nycticorax Nightheron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Ardeidae (Herons) LC Ardea alba Great White Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Egretta garzetta Little Egret Ardeidae (Herons) LC Pelecanus crispus Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanidae (Pelicans) NT Pelecanus onocrotalus Great White Pelican Pelecanidae (Pelicans) LC Microcarbo pygmaeus Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) LC Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) LC Burhinus oedicnemus Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinidae (Thick-knees) LC Haematopus Eurasian ostralegus Oystercatcher Haematopodidae (Oystercatchers) NT Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet Recurvirostridae (Avocets, Stilts) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt Recurvirostridae (Avocets, Stilts) LC Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Pluvialis apricaria Eurasian Golden Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Plover Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Eudromias morinellus Eurasian Dotterel Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius hiaticula Common Ringed Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Plover Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sandplover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Charadrius asiaticus Caspian Plover Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Vanellus vanellus Northern Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) NT Vanellus gregarius Sociable Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) CR Vanellus leucurus White-tailed Lapwing Charadriidae (Plovers) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit Phalaropes) NT Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, NT

Phalaropes)

Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Calidris pugnax Ruff Phalaropes) LC Broad-billed Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Calidris falcinellus Sandpiper Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Phalaropes) NT Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint Phalaropes) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Calidris alba Sanderling Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Calidris alpina Dunlin Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Calidris minuta Little Stint Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Gallinago solitaria Solitary Snipe Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Gallinago stenura Pintail Snipe Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Gallinago media Great Snipe Phalaropes) NT Lymnocryptes Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, minimus Jack Snipe Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Tringa totanus Common Redshank Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Phalaropes) LC Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes, Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Phalaropes) LC Cream-coloured Cursorius cursor Courser Glareolidae (Coursers, Pratincoles) LC

Glareola pratincola Collared Pratincole Glareolidae (Coursers, Pratincoles) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Glareola nordmanni Black-winged Glareolidae (Coursers, Pratincoles) NT Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Pratincole Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hydrocoloeus minutus Little Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Larus genei Slender-billed Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Larus ichthyaetus Pallas's Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Larus melanocephalus Mediterranean Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Larus canus Mew Gull Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Gull

Sternula albifrons Little Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Common Gull-billed Gelochelidon nilotica Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Chlidonias niger Black Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Sterna hirundo Common Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Thalasseus sandvicensis Sandwich Tern Laridae (Gulls, Terns, Skimmers) LC Stercorarius Arctic Jaeger Stercorariidae (Skuas) LC parasiticus Stercorarius Pomarine Jaeger Stercorariidae (Skuas) LC pomarinus Otus scops Eurasian Scops-owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Otus brucei Pallid Scops-owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Northern Long-eared Asio otus Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Pandion haliaetus Osprey Pandionidae (Osprey) LC Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Snake- Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC eagle Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) NT Clanga clanga Greater Spotted Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) VU Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Aquila heliaca Eastern Imperial Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) VU Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Circus aeruginosus Western Marsh- Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC harrier Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) NT Circus pygargus Montagu's Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Accipiter badius Shikra Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Accipiter nisus Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxl

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Haliaeetus Pallas's Fish-eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxli

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

leucoryphus Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxlii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Sea-eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxliii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Milvus migrans Black Kite Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Buteo buteo Eurasian Buzzard Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Buteo rufinus Long-legged Buzzard Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Upupa epops Common Hoopoe Upupidae (Hoopoes) LC Blue-cheeked Merops persicus Beeeater Meropidae (Bee-eaters) LC Merops apiaster European Bee-eater Meropidae (Bee-eaters) LC Coracias garrulus European Roller Coraciidae (Rollers) LC Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) LC Jynx torquilla Eurasian Wryneck Picidae (Woodpeckers) LC Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Falco columbarius Merlin Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Falco subbuteo Eurasian Hobby Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Falco cherrug Saker Falcon Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) EN Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Oriolus kundoo Indian Golden Oriole Oriolidae (Orioles and figbirds) LC Indian Terpsiphone paradisi Paradiseflycatcher Monarchidae (Monarchs) LC Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius phoenicuroides Red-tailed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius isabellinus Isabelline Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius vittatus Bay-backed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius schach Long-tailed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius excubitor Great Grey Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius nubicus Masked Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Corvus monedula Eurasian Jackdaw Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus frugilegus Rook Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus corone Carrion Crow Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Black-headed Remiz macronyx Penduline-tit Remizidae (Penduline-tits) LC White-crowned Remiz coronatus Penduline-tit Remizidae (Penduline-tits) LC Alaudala rufescens Lesser Short-toed Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Melanocorypha bimaculata Bimaculated Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxliv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Melanocorypha Calandra Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxlv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

calandra Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxlvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Melanocorypha Black Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxlvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

yeltoniensis Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxlviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Calandrella acutirostris Hume's Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxlix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Calandrella Greater Short-toed Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cl

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

brachydactyla Lark Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cli

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Lullula arborea Woodlark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cliii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Alauda leucoptera White-winged Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cliv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Alauda arvensis Eurasian Skylark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Galerida cristata Crested Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Iduna caligata Booted Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Iduna rama Sykes's Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Iduna pallida Olivaceous Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Hippolais languida Upcher's Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus melanopogon Moustached Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth's Reed-warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus Common Reed- scirpaceus warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus agricola Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great Reed-warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus Clamorous stentoreus Reedwarbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Locustellidae (Grasshopper-warblers Locustella luscinioides Savi's Warbler and grassbirds) LC Common Locustellidae (Grasshopper-warblers Locustella naevia Grasshopperwarbler and grassbirds) LC Delichon urbicum Northern House Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC Martin martins) Cecropis daurica Red-rumped Swallow Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC martins) Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC martins) Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC martins) Ptyonoprogne Hirundinidae (Swallows and rupestris Eurasian Crag Martin martins) LC Riparia riparia Collared Sand Martin Hirundinidae (Swallows and LC martins) Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Phylloscopus tristis Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Phylloscopus Plain Leaf-warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC neglectus Sulphur-bellied Phylloscopus griseolus Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Phylloscopus nitidus Green Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Phylloscopus Greenish Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

trochiloides Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Cettia cetti Cetti's Warbler Scotocercidae (Bush-warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Sylvia borin Garden Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Sylvia nana Asian Desert Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Sylvia nisoria Barred Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Sylvia crassirostris Eastern Orphean Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Warbler

Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia mystacea Menetries's Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia communis Common Whitethroat Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sittidae (Nuthatches and Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper Wallcreeper) LC Troglodytes troglodytes Northern Wren Troglodytidae (Wrens) LC Cinclus cinclus White-throated Dipper Cinclidae (Dippers) LC Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling Sturnidae (Starlings) LC Pastor roseus Rosy Starling Sturnidae (Starlings) LC Turdus viscivorus Mistle Thrush Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Turdus philomelos Song Thrush Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Cercotrichas Rufous-tailed Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World galactotes Scrubrobin flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Erithacus rubecula European Robin flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Irania gutturalis White-throated Robin flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Cyanecula svecica Bluethroat flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Luscinia luscinia Thrush Nightingale flycatchers) LC Luscinia Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World megarhynchos Common Nightingale flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Ficedula albicollis Collared Flycatcher flycatchers) LC Phoenicurus Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World erythronotus Eversmann's Redstart flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart flycatchers) LC Phoenicurus Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World phoenicurus Common Redstart flycatchers) LC Phoenicurus White-winged Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Redstart

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

erythrogastrus flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Monticola saxatilis Rufous-tailed Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Rockthrush flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Monticola solitarius Blue Rock-thrush Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Saxicola torquatus Common Stonechat Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe deserti Desert Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe pleschanka Pied Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe picata Variable Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe finschii Finsch's Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Oenanthe chrysopygia Red-tailed Wheatear Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 clxxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Hypocolius ampelinus Hypocolius Hypocoliidae (Hypocolius) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxc

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Bombycilla garrulus Bohemian Waxwing Bombycillidae (Waxwings) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxci

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxcii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Prunella atrogularis Black-throated Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxciii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Accentor Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxciv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Passer hispaniolensis Spanish Sparrow Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxcv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

and allies) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxcvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Carpospiza Pale Sparrow Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxcvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

brachydactyla and allies) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxcviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cxcix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cc

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) NT Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cci

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus spinoletta Water Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus richardi Richard's Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cciii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cciv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla flava Western Yellow Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Wagtail Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla alba White Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Fringilla coelebs Common Chaffinch Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Fringilla montifringilla Brambling Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Coccothraustes Hawfinch Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

coccothraustes honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch honeycreepers) LC Rhodopechys Eurasian Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian sanguineus Crimsonwinged Finch honeycreepers) LC Leucosticte Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian nemoricola Plain Mountain-finch honeycreepers) LC Brandt's Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Leucosticte brandti Mountainfinch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Chloris chloris European Greenfinch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Linaria flavirostris Twite honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Linaria cannabina Common Linnet honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Carduelis carduelis European Goldfinch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Carduelis caniceps Eastern Goldfinch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Spinus spinus Eurasian Siskin honeycreepers) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza bruniceps Red-headed Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza calandra Corn Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza cia Rock Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza buchanani Grey-necked Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza hortulana Ortolan Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza stewarti White-capped Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer sparrows and allies) LC Emberiza Emberizidae (Buntings, American leucocephalos Pine Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting sparrows and allies) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Annexure 4.5 : List of Land Birds

Global IUCN Red List Scientific name English name Family Category Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Turkeys, Grouse) LC Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, Tetraogallus caspius Caspian Snowcock Turkeys, Grouse) LC Tetraogallus Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, himalayensis Himalayan Snowcock Turkeys, Grouse) LC Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, Alectoris chukar Chukar Turkeys, Grouse) LC Ammoperdix Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, griseogularis See-see Partridge Turkeys, Grouse) LC Francolinus Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, francolinus Black Francolin Turkeys, Grouse) LC Phasianidae (Pheasants, Partridges, Phasianus colchicus Common Pheasant Turkeys, Grouse) LC Columba livia Rock Dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba rupestris Hill Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba leuconota Snow Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba oenas Stock Dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Columba eversmanni Yellow-eyed Pigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) VU Columba palumbus Common Woodpigeon Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Streptopelia turtur European Turtle-dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) VU Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle-dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared- Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC dove Spilopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove Columbidae (Pigeons, Doves) LC Syrrhaptes paradoxus Pallas's Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Black-bellied Pterocles orientalis Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Pterocles alchata Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Pteroclidae (Sandgrouse) LC Caprimulgus europaeus European Nightjar Caprimulgidae (Nightjars) LC Caprimulgus aegyptius Egyptian Nightjar Caprimulgidae (Nightjars) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Tachymarptis melba Alpine Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Apus affinis Little Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Apus apus Common Swift Apodidae (Swifts) LC Cuculus canorus Common Cuckoo Cuculidae (Cuckoos) LC Tetrax tetrax Little Bustard Otididae (Bustards) NT Otis tarda Great Bustard Otididae (Bustards) VU

Chlamydotis macqueenii Asian Houbara Otididae (Bustards) VU Athene noctua Little Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Otus scops Eurasian Scops-owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Otus brucei Pallid Scops-owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Northern Long-eared Asio otus Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Strix aluco Tawny Owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Bubo bubo Eurasian Eagle-owl Strigidae (Typical Owls) LC Pandion haliaetus Osprey Pandionidae (Osprey) LC Gypaetus barbatus Bearded Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) NT Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Snake- Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC eagle Gyps fulvus Griffon Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) NT Clanga clanga Greater Spotted Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) VU Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN Aquila heliaca Eastern Imperial Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) VU Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Aquila fasciata Bonelli's Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Circus aeruginosus Western Marsh- Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC harrier Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) NT Circus pygargus Montagu's Harrier Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Accipiter badius Shikra Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Accipiter nisus Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Haliaeetus Pallas's Fish-eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) EN leucoryphus Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Sea-eagle Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Milvus migrans Black Kite Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Buteo buteo Eurasian Buzzard Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Buteo rufinus Long-legged Buzzard Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles) LC Upupa epops Common Hoopoe Upupidae (Hoopoes) LC Blue-cheeked Merops persicus Beeeater Meropidae (Bee-eaters) LC Merops apiaster European Bee-eater Meropidae (Bee-eaters) LC Coracias garrulus European Roller Coraciidae (Rollers) LC Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) LC Jynx torquilla Eurasian Wryneck Picidae (Woodpeckers) LC

Scaly-bellied Picus squamatus Woodpecker Picidae (Woodpeckers) LC Dendrocopos White-winged leucopterus Woodpecker Picidae (Woodpeckers) LC Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Falco columbarius Merlin Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Falco subbuteo Eurasian Hobby Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Falco cherrug Saker Falcon Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) EN Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Falconidae (Falcons, Caracaras) LC Oriolus kundoo Indian Golden Oriole Oriolidae (Orioles and figbirds) LC Indian Terpsiphone paradisi Paradiseflycatcher Monarchidae (Monarchs) LC Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius phoenicuroides Red-tailed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius isabellinus Isabelline Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius vittatus Bay-backed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius schach Long-tailed Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Lanius excubitor Great Grey Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Lanius nubicus Masked Shrike Laniidae (Shrikes) LC Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Red-billed Chough Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Pyrrhocorax graculus Yellow-billed Chough Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Podoces panderi Turkestan Ground-jay Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Pica pica Eurasian Magpie Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus monedula Eurasian Jackdaw Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus frugilegus Rook Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus corax Common Raven Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus ruficollis Brown-necked Raven Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Corvus corone Carrion Crow Corvidae (Crows and jays) LC Periparus ater Coal Tit Paridae (Tits and chickadees) LC Periparus rufonuchalis Rufous-naped Tit Paridae (Tits and chickadees) LC Cyanistes cyanus Azure Tit Paridae (Tits and chickadees) LC Parus major Great Tit Paridae (Tits and chickadees) LC Black-headed Remiz macronyx Penduline-tit Remizidae (Penduline-tits) LC White-crowned Remiz coronatus Penduline-tit Remizidae (Penduline-tits) LC Ammomanes deserti Desert Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Alaudala rufescens Lesser Short-toed Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Melanocorypha bimaculata Bimaculated Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC

Melanocorypha calandra Calandra Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Melanocorypha yeltoniensis Black Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Calandrella acutirostris Hume's Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Calandrella Greater Short-toed brachydactyla Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Lullula arborea Woodlark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Alauda leucoptera White-winged Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Alauda arvensis Eurasian Skylark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark Alaudidae (Larks) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Galerida cristata Crested Lark Alaudidae (Larks) LC Panurus biarmicus Bearded Reedling Panuridae (Bearded Reedling) LC Iduna caligata Booted Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Iduna rama Sykes's Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Iduna pallida Olivaceous Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Hippolais languida Upcher's Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus melanopogon Moustached Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth's Reed-warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus Common Reed- scirpaceus warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus agricola Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great Reed-warbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Acrocephalus Clamorous stentoreus Reedwarbler Acrocephalidae (Reed-warblers) LC Locustellidae (Grasshopper-warblers Locustella luscinioides Savi's Warbler and grassbirds) LC Common Locustellidae (Grasshopper-warblers Locustella naevia Grasshopperwarbler and grassbirds) LC Delichon urbicum Northern House Hirundinidae (Swallows and martins) LC Martin Cecropis daurica Red-rumped Swallow Hirundinidae (Swallows and martins) LC Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundinidae (Swallows and martins) LC Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Hirundinidae (Swallows and martins) LC Ptyonoprogne rupestris Eurasian Crag Martin Hirundinidae (Swallows and martins) LC Riparia riparia Collared Sand Martin Hirundinidae (Swallows and martins) LC Phylloscopus subviridis Brooks's Leaf-warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Phylloscopus tristis Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Phylloscopus Plain Leaf-warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC neglectus

Sulphur-bellied Phylloscopus griseolus Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Phylloscopus nitidus Green Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Phylloscopus Greenish Warbler Phylloscopidae (Leaf-warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

trochiloides Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Scotocerca inquieta Streaked Scrubwarbler Scotocercidae (Bush-warblers) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Cettia cetti Cetti's Warbler Scotocercidae (Bush-warblers) LC White-browed Leptopoecile sophiae Titwarbler Aegithalidae (Long-tailed Tits) LC Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit Aegithalidae (Long-tailed Tits) LC Sylvia borin Garden Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia nana Asian Desert Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia nisoria Barred Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Eastern Orphean Sylvia crassirostris Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia mystacea Menetries's Warbler Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Sylvia communis Common Whitethroat Sylviidae (Old World warblers) LC Certhia himalayana Bar-tailed Treecreeper Certhiidae (Treecreepers) LC Certhia familiaris Eurasian Treecreeper Certhiidae (Treecreepers) LC Sitta tephronota Eastern Rock Nuthatch Sittidae (Nuthatches and Wallcreeper) LC Tichodroma muraria Wallcreeper Sittidae (Nuthatches and Wallcreeper) LC Troglodytes troglodytes Northern Wren Troglodytidae (Wrens) LC Cinclus cinclus White-throated Dipper Cinclidae (Dippers) LC Cinclus pallasii Brown Dipper Cinclidae (Dippers) LC Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling Sturnidae (Starlings) LC Pastor roseus Rosy Starling Sturnidae (Starlings) LC Turdus viscivorus Mistle Thrush Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Turdus philomelos Song Thrush Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel Turdidae (Thrushes) LC Cercotrichas Rufous-tailed Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World galactotes Scrubrobin flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Erithacus rubecula European Robin flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Irania gutturalis White-throated Robin flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Cyanecula svecica Bluethroat flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Luscinia luscinia Thrush Nightingale flycatchers) LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Luscinia Common Nightingale Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

megarhynchos flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Myophonus caeruleus Blue Whistling-thrush Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Ficedula albicollis Collared Flycatcher Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Phoenicurus Eversmann's Redstart Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

erythronotus flycatchers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart flycatchers) LC Phoenicurus Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World phoenicurus Common Redstart flycatchers) LC Phoenicurus White-winged Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World erythrogastrus Redstart flycatchers) LC Rufous-tailed Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Monticola saxatilis Rockthrush flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Monticola solitarius Blue Rock-thrush flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Saxicola torquatus Common Stonechat flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline Wheatear flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Oenanthe deserti Desert Wheatear flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Oenanthe pleschanka Pied Wheatear flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Oenanthe picata Variable Wheatear flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Oenanthe finschii Finsch's Wheatear flycatchers) LC Muscicapidae (Chats and Old World Oenanthe chrysopygia Red-tailed Wheatear flycatchers) LC Hypocolius ampelinus Hypocolius Hypocoliidae (Hypocolius) LC Bombycilla garrulus Bohemian Waxwing Bombycillidae (Waxwings) LC Prunella himalayana Altai Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Prunella collaris Alpine Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Prunella fulvescens Brown Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Black-throated Prunella atrogularis Accentor Prunellidae (Accentors) LC Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches and Passer ammodendri Saxaul Sparrow allies) LC Passer domesticus House Sparrow Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches and LC

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

allies) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Passer hispaniolensis Spanish Sparrow Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

allies) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Passer zarudnyi Zarudny's Sparrow Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

allies) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxl

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

allies) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxli

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Carpospiza Pale Sparrow Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxlii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

brachydactyla allies) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxliii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Petronia petronia Rock Sparrow Passeridae (Sparrows, snowfinches and LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxliv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

allies) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxlv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxlvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxlvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) NT Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxlviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus spinoletta Water Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxlix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus richardi Richard's Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccl

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccli

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla flava Western Yellow Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Wagtail Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccliii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccliv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Motacilla alba White Wagtail Motacillidae (Wagtails and pipits) LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Fringilla coelebs Common Chaffinch Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Fringilla montifringilla Brambling Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Mycerobas carnipes White-winged Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Grosbeak honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Coccothraustes Hawfinch Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

coccothraustes honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Carpodacus puniceus Red-fronted Rosefinch Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Rhodopechys Eurasian Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

sanguineus Crimsonwinged Finch honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Bucanetes githagineus Trumpeter Finch Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian LC Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

honeycreepers) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Leucosticte Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian nemoricola Plain Mountain-finch honeycreepers) LC Brandt's Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Leucosticte brandti Mountainfinch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Rhodospiza obsoleta Desert Finch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Chloris chloris European Greenfinch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Linaria flavirostris Twite honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Linaria cannabina Common Linnet honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Carduelis carduelis European Goldfinch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Carduelis caniceps Eastern Goldfinch honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Serinus pusillus Red-fronted Serin honeycreepers) LC Fringillidae (Finches and Hawaiian Spinus spinus Eurasian Siskin honeycreepers) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza bruniceps Red-headed Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza calandra Corn Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza cia Rock Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza buchanani Grey-necked Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza hortulana Ortolan Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza stewarti White-capped Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer sparrows and allies) LC Emberiza Emberizidae (Buntings, American leucocephalos Pine Bunting sparrows and allies) LC Emberizidae (Buntings, American Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting sparrows and allies) LC

Appendix 4.6: Globally Threteaned Species in Turkmenistan Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Species Global IUCN Red Red Data Book - Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

List 1999 Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Plants Wild Almond Amygdalus bucharica VU B2ab(iii,v) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Calligonum molle EN B2ab(iii,v) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Calligonum paletzkianum VU B2ab(iii,v) - Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

CR B1ab(III)+2ab(III)* Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Calligonum triste VU A2acde* TE Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Wild Apple Malus sieversii TE Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Malacocarpus crithmifolius DD* DE Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Invertebrates Thick-clawed Crayfish Astacus DD Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

pachypus Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

VU D2 (ver 2.3) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

VU B1+2ac (ver 2.3) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Chalepoxenus zabelini VU A2ac+3c Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cclxxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Graphoderus bilineatus Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxc

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Dark Pincertail Onychogomphus Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxci

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

assimilis Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxcii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

DD (ver 2.3) - Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxciii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxciv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxcv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxcvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxcvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Willowherb Hawkmoth Proserpinus VU B1+2bd (ver 2.3) DE Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxcviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

proserpina Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccxcix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Predatory Bush Cricket Saga pedo Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccc

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Strongylognathus minutus VU D2 (ver 2.3) - Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccci

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Cartilaginous Russian Sturgeon Acipenser CR A2bcde Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

fish gueldenstaedtii Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccciii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Persian Sturgeon Acipenser persicus CR A2cde Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccciv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Stellate Sturgeon Acipenser stellatus CR A2cde - Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Dwarf Sturgeon CR A2c TE Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

False Shovelnose Sturgeon CR A2c DE Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Beluga Huso huso CR A2bcd - Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Bony fish Pike Asp Aspiolucius esocinus VU A1acde (ver 2.3) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Volga Shad Alosa volgensis EN B2ab(iii,v) DE Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

DE Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Common Carp Cyprinus carpio VU A2ce Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Shorthead Barbel Luciobarbus VU A2cd Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

brachycephalus Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Bulatmai Barbel Luciobarbus capito VU A2cd Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Starostin's Loach Nemacheilus VU D2 (ver 2.3) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

starostini Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Golden Spined Loach Sabanejewia DD (ver 2.3) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

aurata Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Estuarine Perch Sander marinus DD (ver 2.3) Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Belobiritsa Stenodus leucichthys EX - Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

RA Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

- RA Amphibians Hyles hippophaes DD (ver 2.3) - Reptiles Central Asian Cobra Naja oxiana DD (ver 2.3) DE Toadhead agama Phrynocephalus CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,v) - golubewii

Central Asian Tortoise Testudo VU A2d (ver 2.3) - horsfieldii Birds Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser VU A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd DD erythropus Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca VU C2a(ii) DE Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis VU A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd TE undulata Pale-backed Pigeon Columba VU A2bcd+3bcd+4bcd - eversmanni Saker Falcon Falco cherrug VU A2bcd+3cd+4bcd RA RA Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni VU A2bce+3bce+4bce Siberian Crane Grus leucogeranus CR A3bcd+4bcd TE Pallas's Fish-eagle Haliaeetus VU C2a(ii) DE leucoryphus Marbled Teal Marmaronetta VU A2cd+3cd+4cd RA angustirostris Egyptian Vulture Neophron EN - percnopterus A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde - Slender-billed Curlew Numenius CR C2a(ii); D1 tenuirostris Great Bustard Otis tarda VU A2c+3c+4c TE White-headed Duck Oxyura EN A2bcde+4bcde DE leucocephala Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus VU A2ce+3ce+4ce RA Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius CR A3bcd+4bcd RA Mammals Wild Goat Capra aegagrus VU A2cd DE Asiatic Wild Ass Equus hemionus EN A2abc+3bd DE DE Goitered Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa VU A2ad Zarundny's Jird Meriones zarudnyi DD RA Masked Mouse-tailed Dormouse DD RA Myomimus personatus Urial Ovis orientalis VU A2cde DE Caspian Seal Pusa caspica EN A2abd+3bd+4abd - Mongolian Saiga Saiga tatarica CR A2acd DE Marbled Polecat Vormela peregusna VU A2c -

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Appendix 6.1: Attendance Sheet Sedar Key Stakeholders

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Appendix 6.2: Attendance Sheet Dashoguz Key Stakeholders

Appendix 7.1: Guidelines for Debris and Solid Waste Management 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Waste will be generated from the construction site and labour camps during the construction phase. Type of the waste to be generated during construction phase is given below.

Excavated Soil

Entire alignment of the cable passes through desert. Soil will be excavated for installation of towers for transmission line and laying foundation of substation building and other components/poles. This excavated soil can be spread in the desert area. Excavated soil

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

should not be heaped along the roads/near habitation. Excavated soil should not be disposed off in any water body.

Construction Waste

No major construction waste is expected to be generated from the project. Waste will include cut and discarded pieces of cable, discarded equipment, left over concrete/broken bricks (small quantity) etc. This waste should be segregated into recyclable and non recyclable waste. Recyclable waste should be sold to the recyclers and the non recyclable waste should be send for disposal to the landfill site through local body. Waste should not be disposed off in any water body or at unauthorized location

Packaging Waste

Large packaging waste will be generated from the project. This packaging waste will comprise of polythin, thermocol, cartons, packaging sheets, foam etc. This waste should be collected and segregated to recyclable and non recyclable material. Recyclable waste should be sold to the recyclers and the non recyclable waste should be send for disposal to the landfill site through local body. Waste should not be disposed off in any water body or at unauthorized location

Municipal Waste

Municipal waste will be generated from labour camp. Dustbins for recyclable and nonrecyclable waste shall be provided in labour camp area. Recyclable waste shall be sold to recycling agency and non recyclable waste either should be pit composted or should be handed over to local body for disposal to landfill. Waste should not be disposed off in any water body or at unauthorized location

Hazardous Waste

There could be generation of small quantities of the waste oil or waste transformer oil (may generate during filling oil in transformers) during installation of substation/transformers, towers and cable. This waste should be collected and should be stored in sealed HDPE containers and should be stored in isolated location till the country has its centralized waste processing unit. This storage facility should be approx 1000 m away from the habitations, social sensitive locations like school/hospitals/religious places/recreational area/ecosensitive zones. Storage facility should be covered and should have paved flooring. The storage facility should be provided with containment so as if there is any leakage or spillage, waste oil/used oil/transformer oil can be collected again. Hazardous Waste should not be disposed off in any water body or at unauthorized location

During operation phase, small quantity of transformer oil may be generated as hazardous waste. Waste transformer is generated once in 4-5 years. Waste oil generation is expected to be very less. This oil should also be stored in sealed HDPE containers which

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

should be stored at storage facility till the centralized hazardous waste processing and disposal facility is constructed. Hazardous Waste should not be disposed off in any water body or at unauthorized location

Rehabilitation of Hazardous Waste Storage Facility

Once the hazardous waste handling, processing and management unit is established in the country, all the hazardous waste should be transferred from storage facility through authorized vendors. Thereafter the environmental quality of the hazardous waste storage site should be tested and if any contamination is found it should be treated and site should be rehabilitated to its orignal condition

Record Keeping

Records should be maintained for all kind of waste to be generated and stored. Environmental engineer should approve the recyclers to whom recyclable waste is sold and the location & facilities at hazardous waste storage site. Environmental engineer should sign all the records of waste generation and storage and these records should be available at site office all the time.

Appendix 7.2: Guidelines for Selection and Management of Construction/Labour Campsite

1.0 Selection and layout of construction camp

Labour camps, plant sites and debris disposal site shall not be located close to habitations, schools, hospitals, religious places and other community places. A minimum distance of 1000 m shall be maintained for setting up such facilities.

2.0 Facilities at workers’ camps

During the construction stage of the project, the construction contractor will construct and maintain necessary (temporary) living accommodation, rest area and ancillary facilities for labour. Facilities required are listed and elaborated below. x Site barricading x Clean Water Facility x Clean kitchen area with provision of clean fuel like LPG x Sanitation Facilities x Waste Management Facilities x Rest area for workers at construction site x Adequate Illumination & ventilation x Safe access road is required at camps x Health Care Facilities x Crèche Facility & Play School x Fire-fighting Facility x Emergency Response Area

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

3.0 Site Barricading

Labour camp site should be completely barricaded from all the sides to prevent entry of outsiders and animals into the site. Entry gate should be provided at the site and labour camp which should be guarded by security guard. All workers should be issued ID cards and entry of outsiders shall be maintained in the register at the gate. Board should be displayed at the site and the labour camp, the name of project, capacity of project, authority carrying our projects, restriction of entry without authorization, no smoking zone and associated risks.

4.0 Clean Water Facility

Potable water shall be provided for construction labour for drinking & cooking purpose. Clean water shall be provided for bathing, cleaning and washing purpose. Water quality testing for water shall be carried out on monthly basis.

5.0 Clean Kitchen Area

Provision of clean kitchen area for cooking and storage of eatables shall be provided. Clean fuels like LPG shall be provided for cooking purpose. Burning of firewood, garbage, paper and any other material for cooking or any other purpose shall strictly be prohibited at the site.

6.0 Sanitation Facilities

Construction camps shall be provided with sanitary latrines and urinals. Toilets provided should have running water availability all the time. Bathing, washing & cleaning areas shall be provided at the site for construction labour. Washing and bathing places shall be kept in clean and drained condition. Workers shall be hired especially for cleaning of the toilets and bathing area. Septic tanks and soak pits shall be provided at site for disposal of the sewage generated.

7.0 Waste Management Facilities

Waste generated should be segregated at the site by providing the different colour bins for recyclable and non-recyclable waste. Recyclable waste shall be sold to recyclers and nonrecyclable shall be pit composted or should be handed over to authority local body.

8.0 Rest Area for Workers at Site

A rest area/shelter shall be provided for construction workers near work areas where they can rest after lunch time and shall not lay down at site anywhere. The height of shelter shall not less than 3m from floor level to lowest part of the roof. Sheds shall be kept clean and the space provided shall be on the basis of at least 1.0 Sq. m per head.

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

9.0 Adequate Illumination & Ventilation

Construction worker camps shall be electrified and adequately illuminated. Illumination level shall be maintained after 5.30 P.M. at the site to minimum 200 lux. Labour camps shall be adequately ventilated. Fans shall be provided for ventilation purpose.

10.0 Safe Access Road for Labour Camps

Temporary paved surface shall be constructed to approach the labour camp from the site. Movement shall not be hampered during monsoon season due to water logging and muddiness.

11.0 Health care Facilities:

First aid box, first aid room and personnel trained in first aid shall be available at labour camp and site all the time (24X7). Ambulance/ 4 wheeler motorized vehicle shall be available at the site for carrying injured to the nearby hospital. Tie-ups should be made with nearby hospital to handle emergency, if any. Nos. of ambulance, doctors and nearby hospital shall be displayed in first-aid room, site office & labour camps. Workers shall be made aware about the causes, symptoms and prevention from HIV/AIDS through posters and awareness programs

1.1 Crèche Facility & Play School

Crèche facility and play school should be constructed at the site temporarily so as children of construction labour can be kept there. Care takers should be hired for taking care of children. Attendance records of children shall be maintained. Children should not be allowed to enter active work areas.

1.2 Fire-Fighting facilities

Fire-fighting facility such as sand filled buckets and potable fire-extinguishers shall be provided at labour camps and at site.

1.3 Emergency Collection Area

Area shall be demarcated as emergency collection area near the gate where all the workers shall be guided to collect in case of any emergency like fire, flood and earthquake.

14.0 Activities prohibited at site

Activities which should be strictly prohibited at site shall include:

x Open burning of bio-mass, wood, garbage and any other material at site for cooking or any other purpose

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Disturbance to the local community. x Operation of the plant and machinery between 10 pm to 6 am unless approved by team leader x No animal (wild or domestic or bird) shall be harmed by any construction worker in any condition at site and nearby areas x Cutting of tree without permission of team leader/authorized person x No indigenous population shall be hurt or teased

15.0 Guidelines for night time working at the site.

No activity generating noise shall be carried out at the site after 10:00 PM. Night working protocol should be followed (if required) for night time working. These protocols should be approved by environment engineer. Site should be well illuminated to maintain minimum illumination level of 200 lux. Personnel working shall obtain permit to work from the team leader prior carrying out any work in night time and the record of such working shall be maintained in register. Any accidents, if occurs at site during night time working shall be immediately reported and recorded. Penalty shall be imposed on the contractor for the accident. Analysis shall be carried out to find the reason for such accidents for future learning.

16.0 Record keeping & Maintenance

Record of entry/exit of the people in the construction site and labour camp area shall be maintained in register at gate. Record of material coming in and going out from site also shall be maintained.

17.0 Auditing & Inspection Conditions of labour camp and site shall be inspected and audit report shall be submitted to executing agency by contractor.

18.0 Closure of the Construction Site and Construction labour Camps

Construction site and labour camps shall be restored back to the original site conditions. Following measures are required to be taken during closure:

x Septic tanks/soak pits should be dismantled x Any temporary/permanent structure like labour houses, toilets etc constructed shall be dismantled x All the waste from construction site and labour camp site should be segregated into recyclable and non recyclable waste. Recyclable waste should be sold to recycler and remaining should be disposed off through local bodies. No waste should be left out at construction site or labour camp site x Tree plantation to be carried out, if any required for stabilizing the area x Any pit excavated shall be filled back x Closure of the site and labour camp shall be approved by environment engineer

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Appendix 7.3 Guidelines for Occupational Health And Safety Management

Introduction Installation of the transmission line and transmission of power involves various occupational health hazards. IFC has defined environment health and safety guidelines to be followed duing construction and operation phase of Electric Power Transmission and Distribution projects. Other than this IFC has also defined general environment, health and safety guidelines to eb followed for assuring environment health and safety protection. These guidelines are referred to draft this occupational health and safety plan. Some environment and safety standards are also prescribed in these guidelines which are refered in this annexure, however if the country’s standards are available then those standards should be followed. Scope and Purpose The occupational health and safety (OHS) plan is formulated to address the key occupational health and safety related concerns of contractor workers and site personnel during both construction and operational phase. The plan will also be serving as a reference document for finalization of safety procedures with respect to construction and operational activities. The mitigation measures to be implemented both during construction and operational phase have been discussed below: Occupational Health and Safety Plan Occupational health and safety guidelines to be followed during project implementation and operation are given in table below Activity Issue Mitigation Measure Occupational Health and Safety

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Working With Live power Workers may be exposed to x Only allowing trained and lines occupational hazards from certified workers to install, contact with live power lines maintain, or repair electrical during construction, equipment maintenance, and operation x Deactivating and properly activities grounding live power distribution lines before work is performed on, or in close proximity, to the lines x Ensuring that live-wire work is conducted by trained workers with strict adherence to specific safety and insulation standards x Workers should not approach an exposed energized or conductive part even if properly trained unless x Minimum setbacks should be left from plot as per the guidelines x Workers not directly associated with power transmission and distribution activities who are operating around power lines or power substations should adhere to local legislation, standards, and guidelines relating to minimum approach distances for

excavations, tools, vehicles, pruning, and other activities; x Minimum hot stick distances may only be reduced provided that the distance remaining is greater than the distance between the energized part and a grounded surface

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxl

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Working at height on poles Workers may be exposed to x Testing structures for integrity Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxli

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

and structures occupational hazards when prior to undertaking work; Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxlii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

working at elevation during x Implementation of a fall Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxliii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

construction, maintenance, and protection program that Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxliv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

operation activities includes training in climbing Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxlv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

techniques and use of fall Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxlvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

protection measures; Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxlvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

inspection, maintenance, and Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxlviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

replacement of fall protection Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxlix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

equipment; and rescue of fall- arrested workers, among others; x Establishment of criteria for use of 100 percent fall protection (typically when working over 2 meters above the working surface, but sometimes extended to 7 meters, depending on the activity). The fall protection system should be appropriate for the tower structure and necessary movements, including ascent, descent, and moving from point to point; x Installation of fixtures on tower components to facilitate the use of fall protection systems; x Provision of an adequate workpositioning device system for workers. Connectors on positioning systems should be compatible with the tower components to which they are attached; x Hoisting equipment should be properly rated and maintained and hoist operators properly trained; x Safety belts should be of not less than 16 millimeters (mm) (5/8 inch) two-inone nylon or material of equivalent strength. Rope safety belts should be replaced before signs of aging or fraying of fibers become evident; x When operating power tools at height, workers should use a second (backup) safety strap; x Signs and other obstructions should be removed from poles or structures prior to undertaking work; x An approved tool bag should be used for raising or lowering tools or materials to workers on structures. Electric and magnetic fields Electric utility workers x Identification of potential typically have a higher exposure levels in the exposure to EMF workplace, including

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccl

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

than the general public due surveys of exposure levels in Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccli

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

to working in proximity to new projects and the use of Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

electric power lines. personal monitors during Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccliii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

working activities Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccliv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Training of workers in the Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

identification of occupational Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

EMF levels and hazards; Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Establishment and identification Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

of safety zones to differentiate Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

between work areas with Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

expected elevated EMF levels Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

compared to those acceptable Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

for public exposure, limiting access to properly trained workers; x Implementation of action plans to address potential or confirmed exposure levels that exceed reference occupational exposure levels developed by international organizations such as the International Commission on NonIonizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Personal exposure monitoring equipment should be set to warn of exposure levels that are below occupational exposure reference levels (e.g. 50 percent). Action plans to address occupational exposure may include limiting exposure time through work rotation, increasing the distance between the source and the worker, when feasible, or the use of shielding materials. x Considering siting new facilities so as to avoid or minimize exposure to the public. Installation of transmission lines or other high voltage equipment above or adjacent to residential properties or other locations intended for highly frequent human occupancy, (e.g. schools or offices), should be avoided x If EMF levels are confirmed or expected to be above the recommended exposure limits, application of engineering techniques should be considered to reduce the EMF produced by power lines, substations, or transformer like shielding with specific meta alloys., Burying transmission lines, Increasing height of transmission towers, Modifications to size, spacing, and configuration of conductors

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Exposure to chemicals Occupational exposures to x Train personnel to apply Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

chemicals in this sector primarily pesticides and ensure that Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

include handling of pesticides personnel have received the Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

(herbicides) used for right–ofway necessary certifications, or Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

maintenance, and exposure to equivalent training where such Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

PCB in transformers and other certifications are not required; Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

electrical components x Respect post-treatment Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

intervals to avoid operator Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

exposure during reentry to Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

crops with residues of Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

pesticides; Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Ensure hygiene practices are Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

followed (in accordance to FAO Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

and PMP) to avoid exposure of Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

family members to pesticides Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

residues. Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Community Health and Safety Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxx

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Electrocution Hazards most directly related to x Use of signs, barriers (e.g. locks Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

power transmission and on doors, use of gates, use of Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

distribution lines and facilities steel posts surrounding Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxiii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

occur as a result of electrocution transmission towers, Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxiv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

from direct contact with high- particularly in urban areas), and Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

voltage electricity or from contact education / public outreach to Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

with tools, vehicles, ladders, or prevent public contact with Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

other potentially dangerous Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxviii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

devices that are in contact with equipment; Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 ccclxxxix

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

high- x Grounding conducting objects Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxc

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

voltage electricity (e.g. fences or other metallic Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxci

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

structures) installed near power Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxcii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

lines, to prevent shock Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxciii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Electromagnetic The corona of overhead transmission line rights-of way Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxciv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

Interference transmission ine conductors and and conductor bundles are high frequency currents of created to ensure radio reception overhead transmission lines may at the outside limits remains result in the creation of radio normal. noise Visual Amenity Power transmission and x Extensive public consultation distribution are necessary to during the planning of power ine transport energy from power and power line right-of-way facilities to residential locations; communities, but may be visually x Accurate assessment of intrusive and undesirable to local changes in property values due residents to power line proximity; x Siting power lines, and designing substations, with due consideration to landscape views and important environmental and community features; x Location of high-voltage transmission and distribution lines in less populated areas, where possible; x Burying transmission or distribution lines when power must be transported through dense residential or commercial areas. Noise and Ozone Noise in the form of buzzing or x Use of noise barriers or noise humming can often be heard cancelling acoustic devices around transformers or high should be considered as voltage power lines producing Necessary corona. Ozone, a colorless gas with a pungent odor, may also be produced. Neither the noise nor ozone produced by power distribution lines or transformers carries any known health risks

Aircraft Navigation Safety Power transmission towers, if x Avoiding the siting of located near an airport or known transmission lines and towers flight paths, can impact aircraft close to airports and outside of safety directly through collision or known flight path envelopes; indirectly through radar x Consultation with regulatory air interference traffic authorities prior to installation; x Adherence to regional or national air traffic safety regulations; x ·Use of buried lines when installation is required in flight sensitive areas.

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxcv

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

General Measures For Maintaining Occupational Health and Safety Construction Phase x All high noise generating areas and equipment will be identified and rotation of workers/site personnel including provision of proper PPEs for those operating in such areas.

x All the workers involved in working at height should be provided with safety harness. x The onsite workers shall be provided with proper personal protective equipment (PPEs) i.e. safety shoes & goggle, helmet, coverall, HT gloves, ear plugs, safety harness in case working at height etc during construction related activities to ensure health and safety of the workers at workplace. x The contractor workers during construction phase, in case of non-local workers, should be given proper housing, provision of cooking fuel like LPG, sanitation facilities, clean drinking water and medical health care center. x Sanitation arrangements should be made for drivers and other contractor workers during construction phase which includes mobile toilets with septic tank and soak pit x Provision of first-aid kits at all work-areas onsite. Appropriately equipped first-aid stations should be easily accessible throughout the place of work x Periodic health surveillance will be undertaken for all the personnel and records should be maintained. These records should be mandatory for person working at height and in high noise areas x Adequate light and ventilation shall be provided for the workers working in confined spaces

x Passageways for pedestrians and vehicles within and outside buildings should be segregated and provide for easy, safe, and appropriate access

x Equipment and installations requiring servicing, inspection, and/or cleaning should have unobstructed, unrestricted, and ready access x Hand, knee and foot railings should be installed on stairs, fixed ladders, platforms, permanent and interim floor openings, loading bays, ramps, etc. x Safety signage and posters will be displayed at strategic locations within the site. Hazardous areas (electrical rooms, compressor rooms, etc.), installations, materials, safety measures, and emergency exits, etc. should be marked appropriately. x Monitoring weather forecasts for outdoor work to provide advance warning of extreme weather and scheduling work accordingly x Providing temporary shelters onsite for protection of workers against extreme weather condition during working activities or for use as rest areas.

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxcvi

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Provisions should be made to provide OHS orientation training to all new employees/workers to ensure they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at / on the site and of personal protection and preventing injury to fellow employees. x Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate. Any site-specific hazard or color coding in use should be thoroughly reviewed as part of orientation training. x Establishment of procedures and systems for reporting and recording occupational accidents and diseases. All reported occupational accidents; occupational diseases together with near misses should be investigated with the assistance of a person knowledgeable/competent in occupational safety.

x Compliance with all the General and Industry Specific EHS guidelines of IFC

Operation Phase x All high noise generating areas and equipment will be identified and rotation of workers/site personnel including provision of proper PPEs for those operating in such areas.

x All the workers involved in working at height should be provided with safety harness.

x The onsite workers shall be provided with proper personal protective equipment (PPEs) i.e. safety shoes & goggle, helmet, coverall, HT gloves, ear plugs, safety harness in case working at height etc during construction related activities to ensure health and safety of the workers at workplace x Toilets with running water facility should be available at office for the employees x Provision of first-aid kits at office and certified trained first aider should be available at the site

x Lock out Tag Out system should be followed to minimize accidents x Periodic health surveillance will be undertaken for all the personnel and records should be maintained. These records should be mandatory for person working at height and in high noise areas x Adequate light and ventilation shall be provided for the workers working in confined spaces

x Employee and visitors must be instructed to use the pedestrian pathways and railings while using stairs provided in the premises of office building

x Equipment and installations requiring servicing, inspection, and/or cleaning should have unobstructed, unrestricted, and ready access x Safety signage and posters will be displayed at strategic locations within the site. Hazardous areas (electrical rooms, compressor rooms, etc.), installations, materials, safety measures, and emergency exits, etc. should be marked appropriately.

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxcvii

49370-002: TKM TKM Power Sector Development Project

x Monitoring weather forecasts for outdoor work to provide advance warning of extreme weather and scheduling work accordingly x Provisions should be made to provide OHS orientation training and behavioural based safety training to all new employees/workers to ensure they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at / on the site and of personal protection and preventing injury to fellow employees.

x Training should consist of basic hazard awareness, site specific hazards, safe work practices, and emergency procedures for fire, evacuation, and natural disaster, as appropriate. Any site-specific hazard or color coding in use should be thoroughly reviewed as part of orientation training. x Establishment of procedures and systems for reporting and recording occupational accidents and diseases. All reported occupational accidents; occupational diseases together with near misses should be investigated with the assistance of a person knowledgeable/competent in occupational safety and records should be maintained.

x Compliance with all the General and Industry Specific EHS guidelines of IFC

Guidelines x This occupational health and safety plan should be followed during construction and operation phase x EHS General guidelines by IFC and EHS guidelines for transmission lines should be followed for maintaining occupational health and safety during construction and operation phase

Initial Environmental Examination Report , June’ 2011 cccxcviii