DOCSLIB.ORG

Inventaire Des Coraux Scléractiniaires Du Grand Lagon Nord De La Nouvelle-Calédonie Campagne Coralcal-Iii 10-30 Mars 2009

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Inventaire Des Coraux Scléractiniaires Du Grand Lagon Nord De La Nouvelle-Calédonie Campagne Coralcal-Iii 10-30 Mars 2009 COMPOSANTE 3B - PROJET 3B4 Connaissance de la biodiversité en Nouvelle-Calédonie *90:7 Mars 2010 CAMPAGNE CORALCAL-III Coral Reef InitiativeS for the Pacific Initiatives Corail pour le Pacifique 10-30 MARS 2009 INVENTAIRE DES CORAUX SCLÉRACTINIAIRES DU GRAND LAGON NORD DE LA NOUVELLE-CALÉDONIE Auteur : Grégory Lasne Participants à la campagne : Claude Payri, Jean-Louis Menou, Alain Gerbault, Serge Andrefouët, John Butscher et Grégory Lasne Photo : Grégory LASNE La cellule de coordination du CRISP a été intégrée au Secrétariat de la Communauté du Pacifi que en 2008 afi n d’assurer une coordination et synergie maximales des actions touchant à la gestion des écosystèmes coralliens dans le Pacifi que. Le CRISP est un programme mis en œuvre dans le cadre de la politique développée par le Programme régional océanien de l’Environnement afi n de contribuer à la protection et la gestion durable des récifs coralliens des pays du Pacifi que. initiative pour la protection et la gestion des récifs coral- Cette approche se décline sur une série d’objectifs théma- L’ liens dans le Pacifi que (CRISP), portée par la France et pré- tiques qui sont : parée par l’AFD dans un cadre interministériel depuis 2002, a pour but de développer une vision pour l’avenir de ces mi- Objectif 1 : Meilleure connaissance de la biodiversité, de lieux uniques et des peuples qui en dépendent. Elle vise à l’état et du fonctionnement des écosystèmes coralliens. mettre en place des stratégies et des projets visant à préser- Objectif 2 : Réalisation d’opérations de protection et de ges- ver leur biodiversité et à développer dans le futur les services tion des écosystèmes coralliens à une échelle signifi cative. économiques et environnementaux qu’ils apportent tant au Objectif 3 : Valorisation du potentiel économique reposant niveau local que global. Elle est conçue, en outre, comme un sur les valeurs d’usage et la biodiversité des écosystèmes vecteur d’intégration entre états développés (Australie, Nou- coralliens. velle-Zélande, Japon, USA), collectivités françaises de l’outre- Objectif 4 : Diff usion de l’information et des savoirs ; ren- mer et pays en développement du Pacifi que. forcement des capacités et animation des réseaux locaux, nationaux et internationaux. Pour ce faire, l’initiative développe une approche spécifi que Le dispositif d’intervention du CRISP se structure en trois com- qui vise à : posantes majeures : – associer activités de réseau et projets de terrain ; Composante 1A : AMP et bassins versants – articuler recherche, aménagement et développement ; – 1A1 : Planifi cation de la conservation de la biodi- – combiner les apports de disciplines scientifi ques diverses, versité marine incluant la biologie, l’écologie, l’économie, la sociologie, le – 1A2 : Aires marines protégées (AMP) droit et les sciences humaines ; – 1A3 : Renforcement institutionnel et mise en réseau – intervenir sur l’ensemble des thèmes - terrestres et – 1A4 : Gestion intégrée des zones côtières récifales et marins - intéressant les récifs (y compris l’assainissement et la des bassins versants gestion des bassins versants) ; Composante 2 : Développement des écosystèmes coralliens – ne pas créer de structure nouvelle, mais apporter des – 2A : Connaissance, valorisation et gestion des écosys- ressources fi nancières à des partenaires déjà opérationnels tèmes coralliens et souhaitant développer leurs activités dans un esprit de – 2B : Restauration récifale coopération régionale. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’initiative – 2C : Valorisation des Substances actives marines (SAM) a été préparée sur la base d’un appel à propositions auprès de – 2D : Mise en place d’une base de données régionale l’ensemble des institutions et réseaux. (ReefBase Pacifi que) Composante 3 : Coordination et valorisation du programme – 3A : Capitalisation, valorisation et vulgarisation des Cellule de Coordination CRISP (CCU) acquis du programme CRISP Chef de programme Éric CLUA – 3B : Coordination, promotion et développement du CPS - BP D5 98848 Nouméa Cedex Programme CRISP Nouvelle-Calédonie – 3C : Appui aux fi lières économiques alternatives et Tél./Fax : (687) 26 54 71 durables E-mail : [email protected] – 3D : Vulnérabilité des écosystèmes et des espèces www.crisponline.net – 3E : Cellule économique LE PROGRAMME CRISP EST FINANCÉ PAR LES ORGANISATIONS SUIVANTES : 2 Résumé : La mission CORALCAL-3 s’est déroulée dans le Grand Lagon Nord de Nouvelle-Calédonie du 10 au 30 mars 2009. Cette mission, dirigée par Claude Payri, avait pour objectifs principaux : 1) d’établir les inventaires les plus exhaustifs possible des algues et phanérogames marines et des coraux scléractiniaires du Grand Lagon Nord de Nouvelle-Calédonie pour lequel nous disposons de très peu de données. Ce travail permettra d’aborder les questions biogéographique à l’échelle de la Nouvelle-Calédonie mais aussi du Pacifique et d’enrichir les collections de références et la photothèque ; et 2) de caractériser et de cartographier les principaux habitats à partir d’images satellitaires afin d’établir pour chacun des types d’habitats les relations habitat/ biodiversité spécifique à partir des données récoltées sur 4 groupes biologiques majeurs de l’écosystème (algues, coraux, invertébrés majeurs et poissons). Cette campagne constitue la deuxième expédition consacrée aux coraux dans cette zone peu accessible et peu explorée. Elle vient compléter l’étude réalisée dans le cadre de l’ AER (octobre 2006) en étendant la prospection à un territoire incluant les zones récifales du récif Cook, du récif des Français et des récifs associés aux îles Belep. Une liste des communautés scléractiniaires a été établie pour toutes les stations d’étude réparties dans les différents complexes géomorphologiques de la zone du GLN. Cette liste a été réalisée à l’appui d’observations in situ et documentées par de nombreuses photographies et des prélèvements d’échantillons (G. Lasne assisté de J. Butscher). Tous les échantillons scléractiniaires ont également été photographiés in situ (©IRD/G. Lasne). Ce travail d’inventaire a ensuite été validé en mai 2009 par les spécialistes en taxonomie (M. Pichon, C. Wallace et F. Benzoni). A ce jour 401 espèces de scléractiniaires ont été recensées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Les récifs coralliens du Grand Lagon Nord présentent une diversité en espèces remarquable avec 277 taxons observés dont 3 espèces de coraux ahermatypiques (Tubastrea micrantha, Tubastrea sp.1 et Dendrophyllia sp.), et 3 espèces d’Hydrozoa (Milleporidae). Cette campagne a permis d’enrichir la collection de 328 spécimens représentant 203 taxons. Parmi l’ensemble des spécimens prélevés, de nombreuses espèces se sont révélées particulièrement intéressantes et nouvelles pour le recensement corallien néo-calédonien. 13 espèces nouvelles pour la NC : Acropora anthocercis, A russelli, Astreopora incrustans , Ctenactis crassa, Cycloseris somervillei, Favites acuticollis, Lithophyllum undulatum, Montastrea salebrosa, Montipora altasepta, Montipora alveopora, Stylocoeniella nikei, Stylophora subseriata, Turbinaria bifrons. 11 espèces connues en NC mais sans spécimens dans la collection : Acropora digitifera, Acropora polystoma, Acropora subulata, Acropora sp1, Acropora sp2, Favites chinensis, Montipora hoffmeisteri, Montipora sp1, Montipora sp2, Porites lutea, Symphyllia wilsoni. 11 espèces dont 1 seul exemplaire était entreposé dans la collection: Acanthastrea hillae, Acropora valenciennesi, Diaseris distorta, Favites sp1., Heliofungia actiniformis, Herpolitha weberi, Isopora cuneata, Lobophyllia pachysepta, Montipora sp3, Stylocoeniella armata, Turbinaria patula. BIOCÉNOSE S.A.R.L - Convention de partenariat CRISP/IRD/0901-22 du 4/02/2009 1 Inventaire des coraux scléractiniaires du Grand Lagon Nord de Nouvelle-Calédonie Contexte : • L’IRD a initié dans le cadre de ses activités de recherche l’inventaire des coraux de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Les premières collections ont été réalisées avant 2005 par les plongeurs de l’IRD et de manière opportune au cours de divers programmes de recherche. • Dans le contexte du dossier d’inscription au patrimoine mondial du bien en série calédonien, la CCU a apporté une aide financière à partir de 2005 pour des actions allant dans le sens d’une meilleure connaissance de la diversité spécifique des coraux scléractiniaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cet appui a permis en collaboration avec l’IRD de Nouméa, de réaliser d’une part l’étude taxonomique de la collection de coraux (2684 spécimens) réalisée et entreposée à l’IRD et la publication d’une première liste taxonomique (Pichon, 2006) et d’autre part la synthèse sur l’état des connaissances de ce groupe biologique majeurs de l’écosystème corallien (Lasne 2007). • L’IRD de Nouméa est dépositaire d’une collection de référence de coraux scléractiniaires qui constitue le patrimoine scientifique principal concernant la connaissance de ce groupe biologique et poursuit un travail de récolte et d’inventaire, notamment à travers ses missions scientifiques dans la ZEE calédonienne • L’avis favorable donné par le comité IFRECOR de Nouvelle-Calédonie, en charge de la coordination des actions de gestion des récifs coralliens sur le territoire, lors de sa réunion du 21 octobre 2008 pour « que le CRISP poursuive l’appui financier à cet effort d’inventaire sur une composante majeure du bien inscrit au patrimoine de l’Unesco » et ce, en partenariat avec l’IRD en charge du programme scientifique et qui apporte pour sa part des moyens humains et logistiques. Pour cette campagne CORALCAL-3 (du 10 au 30 mars 2009),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Patterns in Marine Community Assemblages on Continental Margins: a Faunal and Floral Synthesis from Northern Western Australian Atolls
    Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 94: 267–284, 2011 Patterns in marine community assemblages on continental margins: a faunal and floral synthesis from northern Western Australian atolls A Sampey 1 & J Fromont 2 1 Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986 [email protected] 2 Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986 [email protected] Manuscript received November 2010; accepted January 2011 Abstract Corals and fishes are the most visually apparent fauna on coral reefs and the most often monitored groups to detect change. In comparison, data on noncoral benthic invertebrates and marine plants is sparse. Whether patterns in diversity and distribution for other taxonomic groups align with those detected in corals and fishes is largely unknown. Four shelf-edge atolls in the Kimberley region of Western Australia were surveyed for marine plants, sponges, scleractinian corals, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms and fishes in 2006, with a consequent 1521 species reported. Here, we provide the first community level assessment of the biodiversity of these atolls based on these taxonomic groups. Four habitats were surveyed and each was found to have a characteristic community assemblage. Different species assemblages were found among atolls and within each habitat, particularly in the lagoon and reef flat environments. In some habitats we found the common taxa groups (fishes and corals) provide adequate information for community assemblages, but in other cases, for example in the intertidal reef flats, these commonly targeted groups are far less useful in reflecting overall community patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Features of Formation of Reefs and Macrobenthos Communities in the an Thoi Archipelago the Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea)
    id7363687 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com EEnnvviirroonnImSmSN : e0e97nn4 - 7tt45aa1 ll SSccViioleeumnne 8 Iccssuee 8 An Indian Journal Current Research Paper ESAIJ, 8(8), 2013 [297-307] Features of formation of reefs and macrobenthos communities in the An Thoi archipelago the Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea) Yuri Ya.Latypov A.V.Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690059, (RUSSIA) E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Macrobenthos communities studied on fringing reefs of the AnThoj Coral; archipelago using SCUBA-diving equipment. The islands are located in Reef; the turbid and highly eutrophic waters of the eastern Gulf of Thailand. We Macrobenthos; researched species composition and settlements densities and biomasses Community; in common species of algae, coelenterates, mollusks and echinoderms, as AnThoi archipelago; well as the degree of substrate coverage by macrophytes and coral. Clear Vietnam. vertical zonation identified in the change of the various communities in macrobenthos. The dominance of massive Porites on almost all reefs of the Gulf of Thailand is due to their ability to survive in stressful for many corals. They predominate over other scleractinian for the productivity of organic matter, the degree of substrate coverage and species diversity. They also constitute the reef skeleton and play a significant role of the expansion of its area in themuddy bottom of the Gulf of Thailand. 2013 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA INTRODUCTION phological zoning and developed powerful reef depos- its, common in structural reefs of the Indo- Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Identification of Precious and Semi-Precious Corals in Commercial Trade
    'l'llA FFIC YvALE ,.._,..---...- guide to the identification of precious and semi-precious corals in commercial trade Ernest W.T. Cooper, Susan J. Torntore, Angela S.M. Leung, Tanya Shadbolt and Carolyn Dawe September 2011 © 2011 World Wildlife Fund and TRAFFIC. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-9693730-3-2 Reproduction and distribution for resale by any means photographic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems of any parts of this book, illustrations or texts is prohibited without prior written consent from World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Reproduction for CITES enforcement or educational and other non-commercial purposes by CITES Authorities and the CITES Secretariat is authorized without prior written permission, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Any reproduction, in full or in part, of this publication must credit WWF and TRAFFIC North America. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC network, WWF, or the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The designation of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF, TRAFFIC, or IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership are held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint program of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Cooper, E.W.T., Torntore, S.J., Leung, A.S.M, Shadbolt, T. and Dawe, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Biodiversity Survey of Mermaid Reef (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reef Western Australia 2006 Edited by Clay Bryce
    ISBN 978-1-920843-50-2 ISSN 0313 122X Scott and Seringapatam Reef. Western Australia Marine Biodiversity Survey of Mermaid Reef (Rowley Shoals), Marine Biodiversity Survey of Mermaid Reef (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reef Western Australia 2006 2006 Edited by Clay Bryce Edited by Clay Bryce Suppl. No. Records of the Western Australian Museum 77 Supplement No. 77 Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 77 Marine Biodiversity Survey of Mermaid Reef (Rowley Shoals), Scott and Seringapatam Reef Western Australia 2006 Edited by Clay Bryce Records of the Western Australian Museum The Records of the Western Australian Museum publishes the results of research into all branches of natural sciences and social and cultural history, primarily based on the collections of the Western Australian Museum and on research carried out by its staff members. Collections and research at the Western Australian Museum are centred on Earth and Planetary Sciences, Zoology, Anthropology and History. In particular the following areas are covered: systematics, ecology, biogeography and evolution of living and fossil organisms; mineralogy; meteoritics; anthropology and archaeology; history; maritime archaeology; and conservation. Western Australian Museum Perth Cultural Centre, James Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6000 Mail: Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986 Telephone: (08) 9212 3700 Facsimile: (08) 9212 3882 Email: [email protected] Minister for Culture and The Arts The Hon. John Day BSc, BDSc, MLA Chair of Trustees Mr Tim Ungar BEc, MAICD, FAIM Acting Executive Director Ms Diana Jones MSc, BSc, Dip.Ed Editors Dr Mark Harvey BSC, PhD Dr Paul Doughty BSc(Hons), PhD Editorial Board Dr Alex Baynes MA, PhD Dr Alex Bevan BSc(Hons), PhD Ms Ann Delroy BA(Hons), MPhil Dr Bill Humphreys BSc(Hons), PhD Dr Moya Smith BA(Hons), Dip.Ed.
    [Show full text]
  • IUCN / TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES
    ENGLISH Analyses covers amended 2 Feb 10:analyses landscape 02/02/2010 18:11 Page 1 IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties Doha, Qatar 13–25 March 2010 Prepared by IUCN Species Programme and Species Survival Commission and TRAFFIC ANALYSES ENGLISH Analyses covers amended 2 Feb 10:analyses landscape 02/02/2010 18:11 Page 2 IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices at the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties Doha, Qatar 13–25 March 2010 Prepared by IUCN Species Programme and Species Survival Commission and TRAFFIC France, Ministère de Germany, Federal Ministry for the l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, Finland, Ministry of the Environment European Commission Environment, Nature Conservation Monaco, Government du Développement and Nuclear Safety (BMU) of Monaco durable et de la Mer Sweden, Naturvårdsverket - Netherlands, Ministry Swiss Confederation, Federal United States, US Fish Swedish Environmental Belgium, DG Animaux, Denmark, Danish Forest of Agriculture, Nature Department of Economic Affairs & Wildlife Service Protection Agency Végétaux et Alimentation and Nature Agency and Food Quality (FDEA), Veterinary Office Production of the 2010 IUCN/TRAFFIC Analyses of the Proposals to Amend the CITES Appendices was made possible through the generous support of: • European Commission – Directorate General for the Environment • USA – US Fish & Wildlife Service • France – Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Energie, du Développement durable
    [Show full text]
  • The Bioeroding Sponge Cliona Orientalis Will Not Tolerate Future Projected Ocean Warming Received: 9 February 2018 Blake D
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The bioeroding sponge Cliona orientalis will not tolerate future projected ocean warming Received: 9 February 2018 Blake D. Ramsby 1,2,3, Mia O. Hoogenboom 1, Hillary A. Smith 2,3, Steve Whalan 4 & Accepted: 15 May 2018 Nicole S. Webster 2,3,5 Published: xx xx xxxx Coral reefs face many stressors associated with global climate change, including increasing sea surface temperature and ocean acidifcation. Excavating sponges, such as Cliona spp., are expected to break down reef substrata more quickly as seawater becomes more acidic. However, increased bioerosion requires that Cliona spp. maintain physiological performance and health under continuing ocean warming. In this study, we exposed C. orientalis to temperature increments increasing from 23 to 32 °C. At 32 °C, or 3 °C above the maximum monthly mean (MMM) temperature, sponges bleached and the photosynthetic capacity of Symbiodinium was compromised, consistent with sympatric corals. Cliona orientalis demonstrated little capacity to recover from thermal stress, remaining bleached with reduced Symbiodinium density and energy reserves after one month at reduced temperature. In comparison, C. orientalis was not observed to bleach during the 2017 coral bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef, when temperatures did not reach the 32 °C threshold. While C. orientalis can withstand current temperature extremes (<3 °C above MMM) under laboratory and natural conditions, this species would not survive ocean temperatures projected for 2100 without acclimatisation or adaptation (≥3 °C above MMM). Hence, as ocean temperatures increase above local thermal thresholds, C. orientalis will have a negligible impact on reef erosion. Increasing global temperatures are requiring organisms to acclimate to greater thermal extremes, migrate, or suf- fer reduced ftness and, potentially, local extirpation.
    [Show full text]
  • Melithaeidae (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) from the Indian Ocean and the Malay Archipelago
    MELITHAEIDAE (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA) FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN AND THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO by L. P. VAN OFWEGEN Van Ofwegen, L. P.: Melithaeidae (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) from the Indian Ocean and the Malay Archipelago. Zool. Verh. Leiden 239, 19-vi-1987: 1-57, figs. 1-35, table 1. — ISSN 0024-1652. Key-words: Coelenterata, Anthozoa, Melithaeidae; descriptions, new species; Indian Ocean, Malay Archipelago. Melithaeidae from the Indian Ocean and the Malay Archipelago are described and figured, in- cluding three new species: Clathraria maldivensis, C. omanensis and Acabaria andamanensis. A lectotype is designated for Acabaria variabilis (Hickson). L.P. van Ofwegen, c/o Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 4 2. Material and Methods 4 3. Classification 5 4. Systematic Part 7 Melithaea ochracea (Linnaeus, 1758) 7 Melithaea squamata (Nutting, 1911) 10 Mopsella singularis Thomson, 1916 14 Clathraria maldivensis spec. nov 17 Clathraria omanensis spec. nov 21 Acabaria rubeola (Wright & Studer, 1889) 23 Acabaria andamanensis spec. nov 27 Acabaria variabilis (Hickson, 1905) comb. nov. 31 Acabaria biserialis Kükenthal, 1908 36 Acabaria spec. aff. delicata Hickson, 1940 38 Acabaria flabellum (Thomson & MacKinnon, 1910) comb. nov 42 Acabaria furcata (Thomson, 1916) comb. nov 45 Acabaria spec. indet. 1 48 Acabaria spec. indet. 2 55 5. Acknowledgements 55 6. References 56 3 4 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 239 (1987) INTRODUCTION The present report is based on the Melithaeidae collected in 1963 and 1964 during cruises of the research vessel ''Anton Bruun" in the Indian Ocean. Some additional material, collected in 1964 on the research vessel "The Vega" and in 1975 on the research vessel "Alpha Helix", is included.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Reference Transcriptomes for the Sponges Carteriospongia Foliascens and Cliona Orientalis and Associated Algal Symbiont Gerakladium Endoclionum
    Coral Reefs (2021) 40:9–13 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-02028-z NOTE Novel reference transcriptomes for the sponges Carteriospongia foliascens and Cliona orientalis and associated algal symbiont Gerakladium endoclionum 1,2,3,4,5,6 5,6 5,7 Brian W. Strehlow • Mari-Carmen Pineda • Carly D. Kenkel • 5,6 5,6 2,8 2,3,4 Patrick Laffy • Alan Duckworth • Michael Renton • Peta L. Clode • Nicole S. Webster5,6,9 Received: 13 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 / Published online: 20 November 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Sponge transcriptomes are important resources Assemblies for C. foliascens, C. orientalis, and G. endo- for studying the stress responses of these ecologically clionum contained 67,304, 82,895, and 28,670 contigs, important filter feeders, the interactions between sponges respectively. Contigs represented 15,248–37,344 isogroups and their symbionts, and the evolutionary history of (* genes) per assembly, and N50s ranged from metazoans. Here, we generated reference transcriptomes 1672–4355 bp. Sponge transcriptomes were high in com- for two common and cosmopolitan Indo-Pacific sponge pleteness and quality, with an average of 93% of core species: Carteriospongia foliascens and Cliona orientalis. EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOGs) and 98% of sin- We also created a reference transcriptome for the primary gle-copy metazoan core gene orthologs identified. The G. symbiont of C. orientalis—Gerakladium endoclionum. endoclionum assembly was partial with 56% of core KOGs and 32% of single-copy eukaryotic core gene orthologs identified. These reference transcriptomes provide a Topic Editor: Steve Vollmer 3 & Brian W.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Biodiversity in India
    MARINEMARINE BIODIVERSITYBIODIVERSITY ININ INDIAINDIA MARINE BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA Venkataraman K, Raghunathan C, Raghuraman R, Sreeraj CR Zoological Survey of India CITATION Venkataraman K, Raghunathan C, Raghuraman R, Sreeraj CR; 2012. Marine Biodiversity : 1-164 (Published by the Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata) Published : May, 2012 ISBN 978-81-8171-307-0 © Govt. of India, 2012 Printing of Publication Supported by NBA Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053 Printed at Calcutta Repro Graphics, Kolkata-700 006. ht³[eg siJ rJrJ";t Œtr"fUhK NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY AUTHORITY Cth;Govt. ofmhfUth India ztp. ctÖtf]UíK rvmwvtxe yÆgG Dr. Balakrishna Pisupati Chairman FOREWORD The marine ecosystem is home to the richest and most diverse faunal and floral communities. India has a coastline of 8,118 km, with an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 2.02 million sq km and a continental shelf area of 468,000 sq km, spread across 10 coastal States and seven Union Territories, including the islands of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep. Indian coastal waters are extremely diverse attributing to the geomorphologic and climatic variations along the coast. The coastal and marine habitat includes near shore, gulf waters, creeks, tidal flats, mud flats, coastal dunes, mangroves, marshes, wetlands, seaweed and seagrass beds, deltaic plains, estuaries, lagoons and coral reefs. There are four major coral reef areas in India-along the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands, the Lakshadweep group of islands, the Gulf of Mannar and the Gulf of Kachchh . The Andaman and Nicobar group is the richest in terms of diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • CITES Cop15 Prop.21 IUCN-TRAFFIC Analysis
    Ref. CoP15 Prop. 21 Inclusion of Coralliidae spp. in Appendix II, with the following annotation: "the entry into effect of the inclusion of species in the family Coralliidae in Appendix II of CITES will be delayed by 18 months to enable parties to resolve the related technical and administrative issues". Proponents: Sweden, on behalf of the Member States of the European Community, and the United States of America Summary: Coralliidae spp. are a group of about 31 species of octocorals that occur throughout the world. They are benthic suspension feeders, occurring at depths ranging from seven to 1500 m. They are part of a valuable group known as precious corals, but many species have populations that are too small or scattered to be useful for commercial fisheries. The species that are used commercially include Corallium rubrum in the Mediterranean and North-east Atlantic and several species in the North-west Pacific. The axis colour of the various species ranges from white, through various shades of pink and orange, to deep red, and the products are used extensively in jewellery and art objects. Many species, especially those in deeper waters, are slow-growing and long- lived and particularly vulnerable to over-exploitation. C. rubrum, which occupies depths from seven to 300 m, reaches maturity relatively quickly and has had sustained extensive exploitation in several areas of the western Mediterranean for many years; however, populations have shown a dramatic decrease in their size, age and reproductive output in recent years and some populations are no longer commercially viable. Genetic studies of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewels of the Deep Sea - Precious Corals
    Jewels of the Deep Sea - Precious Corals Masanori Nonaka1 & Katherine Muzik2 1 Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, 424 Ishikawa Motobu-Cho, Okinawa 900-0206, Japan Contact e-mail: [email protected] 2 Japan Underwater Films, 617 Yamazato, Motobu-cho, Okinawa 905-0219, Japan Introduction Precious Corals belong to the Family Coralliidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) and are well-known for their red or pink skeletons that have been used since antiquity for ornament, medicine, talismans and currency. In Okinawa, they are found living at depths from 200 to about 300m, but in northern Japan they are found in shallower waters, generally about 150m deep. We have been keeping and displaying several local species of Coralliidae since the opening of the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium on November 1, 2002 (Nonaka et al., 2006). One of the most difficult groups of coral to keep, we have thus far succeeded in keeping individuals in captivity for only about two years. Nevertheless, we can gather valuable data from living precious corals being kept in a tank. Although many people are familiar with the word “coral”, there are relatively few people who have ever seen coral alive. Even fewer people have seen deep-sea species of precious coral alive. Public aquariums can provide an excellent opportunity to introduce living corals from both shallow and deep water to visitors, and to encourage interest in them and other marine creatures too. But, although aquariums can and should serve as educational facilities, it is difficult to get visitors to notice these tranquil, quiet creatures! Masanori Nonaka We have tried and failed to attract attention to precious corals by special signs and lighting, so now we at the Churaumi Aquarium are planning a special exhibit about the relationship of precious coral to cultural anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical and Mechanical Bioerosion of Boring Sponges from Mexican Pacific Coral Reefs
    2827 The Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 2827-2831 Published by The Company of Biologists 2008 doi:10.1242/jeb.019216 Chemical and mechanical bioerosion of boring sponges from Mexican Pacific coral reefs Héctor Nava1,2,* and José Luis Carballo1 1Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida Joel Montes Camarena, s/n. apartado postal 811, 82000 Mazatlán, México and 2Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, ICML, UNAM, Mexico *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 7 July 2008 SUMMARY Species richness (S) and frequency of invasion (IF) by boring sponges on living colonies of Pocillopora spp. from National Park Isla Isabel (México, East Pacific Ocean) are presented. Twelve species belonging to the genera Aka, Cliona, Pione, Thoosa and Spheciospongia were found, and 56% of coral colonies were invaded by boring sponges, with Cliona vermifera Hancock 1867 being the most abundant species (30%). Carbonate dissolution rate and sediment production were quantified for C. vermifera and Cliona flavifodina Rützler 1974. Both species exhibited similar rates of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution (1.2±0.4 and –2 –1 –2 –1 0.5±0.2 kg CaCO3 m year , respectively, mean ± s.e.m.), and sediment production (3.3±0.6 and 4.6±0.5 kg CaCO3 m year ), –2 –1 resulting in mean bioerosion rates of 4.5±0.9 and 5.1±0.5 kg CaCO3 m year , respectively. These bioerosion rates are close to previous records of coral calcification per unit of area, suggesting that sponge bioerosion alone can promote disequilibrium in the reef accretion/destruction ratio in localities that are heavily invaded by boring sponges.
    [Show full text]