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Focus 44 2006 1 FOCUS LOCAL GOVERNMENT EDITORIAL FOCUS Editorial Debating ANC policy manoeuvres By Raenette Taljaard outh Africans are currently focused on the intrigue of ideas”. Importantly, Netshitenzhe also noted that the surrounding the succession struggle within the ANC had to decide what kind of party it wanted to be — S African National Congress (ANC). Ironically, a mooting a possible social democratic trajectory — before it number of fairly dramatic policy shifts are occurring with- could decide who should lead it. His comments underscore out being given the attention they deserve. the importance of policy over individual candidates. At least three recent events are noteworthy. First, dra- Policy has increasingly become an arena of struggle matic changes have been effected to immigration laws in the succession debate, as was seen recently at the 9th that will allow the Joint Initiative on Priority Skills Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu) Acquisition (Jipsa) to take root with the two-year limit on Conference. Fiscal conservatism and the Growth, the tenure of foreign workers to be doubled. Secondly, Employment and Redistribution strategy (Gear) were prospective changes to Black Economic Empowerment referred to derogatively as the “1996 Class Project” that (BEE) Codes will introduce the “once-empowered, always was unilaterally adopted in 1996. In addition, Gear’s empowered” principle, aiming to ensure that BEE part- successor, AsgiSA, was sharply criticised by Cosatu ners are not locked into corporate deals indefinitely. General Secretary Zwelinzima Vavi in his socio-econom- Thirdly, efforts to manage the HIV/Aids pandemic have ic report. The South African Communist Party’s Blade been bolstered by the candid comments of Deputy Health Nzimande has called for the Freedom Charter to guide Minister Nozizwe Madladlana-Routledge, who is now the economy, entirely ignoring the country’s bedrock ably assisting Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo- constitution in the process. Ngcuka in her new role as the government representative On economic policy in particular a number of interesting, responsible for this critical sphere of healthcare. insufficiently debated, challenges are emerging, including: These policy alterations point to an important princi- comments on inflation-targeting by key government ple: the need to keep a focus on policy more than on per- advisers advocating a focus on the exchange rate that sonalities in the months ahead. Whilst the ANC national conflicts with recent International Monetary Fund conference, where the next president of South Africa will (IMF) advice on monetary policy urging the credibili- almost certainly be chosen, is of cardinal importance, the ty of the framework; policy conference scheduled for June 2007 has not attract- recent IMF counsel that favours continuing a conser- ed the same calibre of interest. Whoever emerges tri- vative approach to public expenditure despite a pro- umphant as the presidential successor will largely be con- jected budget surplus that is largely based on strong strained by the overall policy choices the ANC makes in revenue performance; the context of the policy conference — an important factor the possible use of tax incentives to leverage certain virtually absent from discourses on succession. sectors of the economy as part of AsgiSA despite Indeed, as Deputy President Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka National Treasury arguing that such incentives distort recently told the 5th Economist Business Roundtable: “If the the economy and are arguably against WTO rules. ANC wins the election, we will continue. All those who want South Africa’s search for an enhanced macro-economic to be in power are committed to following these policies”. reform model contains many policy challenges. Crucial It is in this regard that it is important for all intellectu- decisions will be probed at cabinet level and will further als, political parties, agents in civil society and others to be the subject of contestation among tripartite alliance pay close attention to the call by presidential policy guru allies at the ANC policy conference. Joel Netshitenzhe for a “festival of ideas” (Joffe, Hilary, Whichever casualties there may be in the succession “Debate policies, not people”, The Weekender, 21 October debate, these casualties must not be policies that are cru- 2006). Economic policy, government capacity and the three- cial to maintaining the relative economic and political sta- tier structure of government are all subject to this “festival bility South Africa has managed to achieve in 12 years. Articles published in Focus do not necessarily represent the opinions of the Foundation’s donors or of its patron, Mrs Helen Suzman HELEN SUZMAN FOUNDATION Focus 44 2006 1 FOCUS LOCAL GOVERNMENT Mayor Zille survives dubious manoeuvres his City Works for You pro- Democratic Alliance’s (DA) first tenure nounces the self-satisfied slogan in the city. The political effects of the T of the city of Cape Town. Just protracted demise of the New National Jonathan Faull who “You” is, is an uncomfortably impor- Party (NNP), further floor-crossing dissects political tant question, not easily answered. conundrums, and the democratic imper- Peeling away years of abstruse discourse atives of the ballot box removed African turmoil in Cape and unaccountable political manoeu- National Congress (ANC) mayor vring reveals the collective political lead- Nomaindia Mfeketo from office. Member Town and ership of the city, and its bedfellows in of the Executive Committee (MEC) for concludes the provincial and national politics, as a cen- Local Government, Richard Dyantyi’s tral player in the city’s malaise. The ver- proposal to change the “type” of execu- in-fighting in the itable political football of inter-, and no tive in the city, the latest offensive in the less importantly, intra-party politics, perennial war for Cape Town, sputtered ANC helped Cape Town runs the very real risk of to a damp halt in October this year. Helen Zille stave becoming the city that good, democratic, Under the provisions of section 16 (1) accountable and transparent governance of the Municipal Structures Act (MSA) off a political coup forgot; a city where substantive delivery the relevant MEC in any given province to citizens is forever mortgaged to the is empowered “by notice in the provincial aimed at whimsical Stalinism of party politics. gazette” to “amend a section 12 notice [to Since December 2000 the most salient inter alia] change the municipality from dislodging her features of Cape Town’s political land- its existing type to another type”. as mayor scape have been seemingly perpetual Complementary legislation in the form political instability and administrative of the Western Cape Determination of and bureaucratic turmoil. Five mayors, Types of Municipalities Act (2000) an acting mayor, four municipal man- frames the “types” of municipalities that agers, an acting municipal manager, five the MEC can proclaim; both the restructuring initiatives, four govern- Executive Mayoral and Executive ments, two multi-party coalitions, a high Committee systems are included in the turnover of senior civil servants and the designated “types”. Such an action can contingent haemorrhaging of skills and only be enforced after publication in the institutional memory — this is the lega- Provincial Gazette, a reasonable period cy of six years of “democratic” local gov- for public consultation, consultation with ernment in the city. Cynicism and apa- organised local government (the South thy abound, while political divisions and African Local Government Association communal distrust deepen in the midst — SALGA) and the municipality con- of a developmental crisis the city has all cerned (MSA section 16 (3)). but failed to address. In metro municipalities where a Internal political upheaval, fraud, Collective Mayoral Committee is imple- farce and ultimately floor-crossing — an mented the MSA legislates that the com- expedient political arrangement initially mittee must comprise ten people and that supported by the official opposition and representation must be in proportion to government alike — scuppered the the broad balance of partisan interests 2 Focus 44 2006 HELEN SUZMAN FOUNDATION Winners all: Western Cape Premier Ebrahim Rassool, his MEC for Local Government Richard Dyantyi and Mayor Helen Zille enjoy a laugh together... while they can represented in the given council. In March 2006 the voters of Cape Town delivered an ambiguous mandate: the DA won the plurality of the vote with © AMBROSE PETERS SUNDAY TIMES © AMBROSE PETERS SUNDAY 41,85 per cent, the ANC won 37,91 per cent, and the Independent Democrats (ID) 10,75 per cent. This translated tive power of both the ID and the ANC. terised the central fissure within the into representation of 90 councillors On the surface the move resem- Western Cape ANC as one relating to for the DA, 81 ANC, and 23 ID, with bled a crude power grab, exercising race, or “the national question”, as it six smaller parties holding the bal- legislation created to form govern- plays itself out in the context of the ance of 16 seats in the 210 seat cham- ments, not dissolve them. But behind province. The truth is far more com- ber. The DA has since increased its the sound bites and posturing, a very plex, relating to the strategic direction representation by one seat, having different set of imperatives drove the of the party in the province, but rela- successfully contested the ID’s March initial proposal, and the compromise tions between the two
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