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Men and Women in Ships: Preconceptions of the Crews

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Men and Women in Ships: Preconceptions of the Crews 1 DOCUMENT RESUME Ep 220 665 CE 013 594 -AUTHOR Greebler, Carol S.; And Others TITLE Men and Women in Ships: Preconceptions of the Crews. INSTITUTION Navy personnel Research and Development Center, San Diego, Calif. I 4 RERORT NO NPRDC-TR-82-57 PUB DATE Aug 82 NOTE 63p. > EDRS PRICE. MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adults; *Attitudes;lEmp oyed Women; *Females; *Malesi *Military Personnel; * eafarers; *Sex Bias; Sex Fairness; Sex Stereoty es IDENTIFIERS. Navy ABSTRACT . Preintegration attitudes and expectations of 1,936 men and 346 women assigned to six Navy ships were measured before the woien reported aboard, through the administration of gender-specific versions of the "Navy in Transition"'questionnaire. An additional 483 men assigned to a ship not scheduled foi integration completed the questionnaire for control purposes. Results showed that the majority of men believed integration would improve crew morile, but would have a negative impact on discipline and would incraase interpersonal conflict. Lower ranking men,favored integration, although they held the most traditional attitudei toward the roles of women and expected women to receive preferential treatment in job assignments, physically demanding work, and disciplinary action. Men working it departments where women are rarely found held traditional attitudes toward women's roles and were pessimistic about integration. The women were.most concerned with profanity, success in their jobs, and . resentment from men. (KC) / t ************** ******************************16**44**** Reprod upplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. ******* *********************************************************** 0 NPRDC TR 82-57 MEN AND WOMEN IN SHIPS: PRECONCEPTIONS OF THE CREWS Carol S. Greebler Patricia J. Thomas Judy D. Kuczynski r re, Reviewed by Robert Pwri Released by James F. Kelly, Jr. Commanding Officer U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION E UCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from. tbe Person co organization originating it Minor changes have been made to improve. reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in Pus docu ment do not necessaray represent offic.aI NIE position or policy Na vy Personnel Research and Development Center S.4n Diego, California 92152 2 UNCI.,ASSIFIED D READ INETRUCTICOS - REPORT DOCUMENTATtot4 PAGE WORE COMPLETING FORM A 1. REPORT NUMITER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO,S. RECIPIENT'S t-ATALOG NUMMI% NPRDC TR 82-57 . 4. TITLE (and &MM.) S. TYRE OF REPORT i PERIOD COVERED 4 Preintegration Report MEN AND WOMEN IN SHIPS: PRECONCEPTIONS Feb 1979-3u1 1980 ' (\F THE CREWS . PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER . 16-82-4 AI-TRACT 0).1 GRANT NUMSEPIN) 7. AUTHOR(*) -.. il: Carol S. Greebler . Patricia J. Thomas . , _LilyD. Kuczywki IC NI CritlatLoctialirTZRNOillkiT . T ASK II. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS . Navy Personnel Research and Development Center 62763N, 2F63.521.021.03-03, San Diego, California 92152 ° and 63707N, 21326-TN 12. REPORT DATE 1 II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ..AND ADDRESS . August 1982 Navy Personnel Research and Development Center is.NUMBEFt OF PAGES San Diego, California 92152 57 . I It MONITORING AGENCY NAME 11 ADDRESS(// 4111erwle how CintroIlIng 011ie') IS. SECURITY CLASS. (it AM ntprt) . - 7 UNCLASSIFIED . Illa. ilgeggICATIONIDOWNGRAOING IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Of We RoPP.0 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. - 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (f tho Matfett entonif InMock eAIIOthrent Mew Arporl) , . , 4.. IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES_ , ' . / ll . It KEY WORDS (Conelnu. on rovrs ald II nneflaser, Ind Identityby binsk nunann) Integration Navy women Attitudes Attitudes toward women's foie Expectations Preconceptions Women at sea . 4. 'IP 20. ABSTRACT (Continuo or review. ehlo If noressurr owl I/ma&by BINA rombor) r Preintegration attitudes.and, expectations of 1936 men and 346 women assigned tosix Navy ships were measured before: the women reported aboard.Results showed that the majority of men believed integration would improve crewmorale, but would impact negatively on discipline, and increase interpersonal conflict. Lower ranking menfavored integration, although therheld the most traditional attitudes toward theroles of women . cm) ,F=1473 EDITION OF I NOV 00 IS OINIOLSTE UNQLASSIFIED S/N 0102. L 0147 6601 IMMUNITY CLASSIFICATIOIN Of THIS RAGEfEBINCLIANI INHIM40 3 4 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLAINSIFICATiON OF THISPASEmem/ale StatonNO and expected women would receive preferential treatment in job assignments, physically demanding work, and discipliriary action. Men working in departments where women are rarely found held traditional attitudes- toward women's roles and were pessimistic aboui integration. The women were most concerned 'with profanity, "proving themselves, and reseptrdent from men. "r 4 4M' 1 S/N 0102- 014. 6601 UNCLASSIFIED 1 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEfilten Data ',Iota° 4 SUMMARY Problem .kr The Federal. Code was amended in October 1978 to permif the assignment of w omen to noncombatant; ships.This significant change from tradition iswelcomed by sorne personnel and *resented by others.Gentler 'integraton is also likely to bring with it personnel problems never kkefore faced. Since the number of wqmen in ships is expected to dduble during the next 2 years, an appraisal of the process of integrating women into thi9unique environment is needed. Purpose ( 1i. .. , Tile findings from the first phase of a longitudihIl study designed 'to evaluate gender integration of Navy ships are presented herein. The purpose of the preintegration phase was to measure attitudes and' expectations of men and women assigned to ships prior to the women-coming aboard.Factors hypothesized to be associated with predispositions, toward integration Aere examined.Findings of the preintegration study, will be used as baseline measures to assess attitudinal ehantes and Identify .conditions and personnel , characteristics affecting the assimilation.of women into crews. YIP Approach Gender-specific versions of the "Navy in transition" questionnaire (preintegration form) were developed to measure attitudes and expectations of personnel pricir to women reporting abodi-d. The stirveys were administered to 346 wojnen assigned to six ships and to 1,936 men-serving aboard five ofl those ships. Anaddlitional 483 men assigned to a ship not sctieduled for integration completed the questionnaire forcontrol purposes. , Responses were analyzed to determine- subgroUp (i.e., pay grade, department, age, gender) attitudes toward integration...Also, items were included to identify major - concerns and areas, that may impede a Smooth integration. Findings and Conclusions . 1. The majosity of men felt that integration would have a positive effect on crew morale and a negative Ympact on discipline and relationships betweenNaviT/men and spouses ashore.They also felt that it would create jealousy, and co4icts amo g the men. The greatest concern of the lower-ranking 'men was that womenwould receive preferential treatment, particularly in job assignments, physically demanding work, and disciplinary actions. \b, 2.The most egalitarian attitudes toward women and favorable expectations about instegration canie from men in the medical/dental and administration dA3artments where women are traditionally found ashore.More traditional attitude's and .opposition came from men in the aviation, weapons, and engineering departments where Woriten have not worked and where the work is often physically stretwous.Although men in supply departments held traditional-attitudes, they were optimistic toward integration. 3. The lower-ranking men, despite their traditional attitudes toward women, were in favor of a mixed-gender crew.Both the commissioned officers, who expressed contemPorary attitudes toward the' roles of women, and the chief petty officers, who ..appeared neutral in their views on Women's roles, preferred the status quo. - 6 4 1.rc, vii 4 SUMMARY Problem a. .. ., The Federal. Gode wa6 amended in October 1978 to permif the assignment of women to noncombatane( ships.This significant change from tradition is.welcomed by some personnel and resented by others.Gender Integracion 'is also likely to bring with it personnel problems never 1)efore faced. Since the number of women in ships is expected to dduble during the next 2 years, an appraisal of the process of integrating women.inio thiwnique environment is needed. Purpose ( The findings from the first phase of a longitudihIl study designed .to evaluate gender integration of Navy ships are phresented herein. The purpose of the preintegration phase was to measure attitudes and. expectations of men and women assigned toships prior to the women.coming aboard.Factors hypothesized to be associated with predispositions, towards integration kre examined.Findings of the preintegration studr will be used as baseline measures to assess attitudinal chantes and Identify .conditions and personnel characteristics affecting the assimilation, of women into crews. St/ Approach Gender-specific versions of the "NavY in transition" questionnaire (preintegration . - form) were developed to measureattitudes and expectations of personnel prick to women reporting abord. The surveys were administered to 346 women assigned to six ships and to 1,936 men-serving aboard five ofl those ships. Anadditional 483 men assigned to a ship not scheduled for integration completed the questionnaire for'control purposes. Responses were analyzed
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