Discourses of Race and Disease in British and American Travel Writing About the South Seas 1870-1915
Discourses of Race and Disease in British and American Travel Writing about the South Seas 1870-1915 by Jeffrey Scott Clayton A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama December, 18, 2009 Keywords: literature, travel, imperialism, race, pacific, disease, Copyright 2009 by Jeffrey Scott Clayton Approved by Chris Keirstead, Chair, Associate Professor of English James Ryan, Associate Professor of English Patrick Morrow, Professor of English, Emeritus Abstract The nineteenth century saw the islands of the South Pacific colonized by the Western powers, including the United States. Because of this relatively late date compared to other colonized regions of the world, the imperializing process was more widely witnessed and reported. Among the wider range of witnesses were literary travelers, including Anthony Trollope, Robert Louis Stevenson, and Jack London. These writers came to the Pacific in the wakes of earlier, influential figures such as the explorer James Cook, the naturalist Charles Darwin, and the novelist Herman Melville, all of whom contributed to the appeal of the Pacific islands. These literary travelers would see a region decimated by disease, epidemics that spread because of the isolated nature of the Pacific, a situation that resulted in a lack of immunity to many Eurasian diseases, including smallpox, tuberculosis, syphilis, and leprosy. Trollope visited Australia, where he viewed the dislocation and depopulation of the Aborigines dispassionately. Stevenson came in 1888, seeking relief from his chronic tuberculosis. He was appalled by the degradation of the islanders and settled in Samoa.
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