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History of Electoral Boundaries

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History of Electoral Boundaries PART 3 – THE HISTORY OF SETTING ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES 3 PART Part 3 – The History of Setting 3 – Electoral Boundaries THE for British Columbia’s HISTORY Legislative Assembly OF SETTING ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES 21 3 PART 3 – THE HISTORY OF SETTING ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES PART 3 – PART THE HISTORY OF SETTING ELECTORAL Part 3 – The History of Setting Electoral Boundaries for BOUNDARIES British Columbia’s Legislative Assembly A. Introduction We are the eighth independent electoral boundaries commission in British Columbia’s modern history. In this section we will summarize the work of the previous seven commissions. We have learned much from our predecessors, and looking back puts our own work into an important historical context.4 Immediately prior to the work of ber ridings. As discussed later in this ings, the pre-1966 electoral districts the first independent commission in report (Part 7 – Regional Groupings), would be distributed as follows: 1966, the province had 42 electoral we have divided the province into 12 districts electing 52 MLAs5 – there regions, relying heavily on the work of were 34 one-member ridings, six two- the seven previous electoral boundaries member ridings and two three-mem- commissions. Using our regional group- 4 In Part 9 of this report (“Proposed Single Member Plurality Boundaries”), our proposed electoral districts are discussed on a regional basis and we will provide a more detailed description of the evolution of each region’s electoral districts since 1966. 5 In 1955 the Legislative Assembly increased the number of MLAs from 48 to 52: Constitution Amendment Act, SBC 1955, c. 11, s. 3. 22 PART 3 – THE HISTORY OF SETTING ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES 3 The North Tri-Cities The electoral districts of British Atlin (included in Dewdney) Columbia in 1965 reflected a popula- Prince Rupert tion distribution that was very different Skeena Surrey from the number of electoral districts Omineca (included in Delta) in place when we began our work. 3 – PART THE HISTORY OF SETTING ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES Fort George The Kootenays were thriving, with South Peace River Richmond-Delta eight electoral districts (subsequently North Peace River Delta (2) reduced to four). There was very little population in the Fraser Valley east of Cariboo-Thompson Burnaby–New Westminster Burnaby and New Westminster – one Cariboo Burnaby (2) electoral district (Dewdney) served Kamloops New Westminster the entire area north of the Fraser Lillooet River (now five electoral districts) Yale Vancouver and two electoral districts (Delta and Vancouver-Burrard (2) Chilliwack) served the entire area Columbia-Kootenay Vancouver-Centre (2) south of the river (now 18 electoral Columbia Vancouver East (2) districts). The fledgling communi- Cranbrook Vancouver–Point Grey (3) ties of Richmond, Delta, Surrey and Fernie Langley were all contained within one Grand Forks–Greenwood North Shore electoral district (Delta), where now Kaslo-Slocan North Vancouver (2) 14 districts exist. Nelson-Creston Revelstoke Vancouver Island–South Coast B. The Angus Commission Rossland-Trail Mackenzie (Powell River– (1966)6 Sechelt area) Okanagan Comox In August 1965 there was no Electoral Salmon Arm Alberni Boundaries Commission Act, so the North Okanagan Nanaimo and the Islands three-member commission (Henry South Okanagan Cowichan-Newcastle F. Angus, Frederick H. Hurley and Similkameen Victoria (3) Kenneth L. Morton) was appointed Oak Bay by order-in-council under the Public Fraser Valley Saanich Inquiries Act. The order-in-council Dewdney Esquimalt directed the commission to secure: Chilliwack [P]roper and effective representation of the people of all parts of the province in the Legislative Assembly and that in for- 6 Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Redefinition of Electoral Districts, January 1966 [KM83.4, B75]. 23 3 PART 3 – THE HISTORY OF SETTING ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES mulating the recommendations to be con- The Legislative Assembly adopted sever- quotient, and permitted deviations up tained in their report the commissioners al of these recommendations, especially to plus or minus 40 percent. It treated 1. take into account where feasible historical those calling for increased representation its proposed new district of Atlin- and regional claims for representation; 2. make their recommendations on the in the more densely populated Lower Northland as a special case. It tried to PART 3 – PART THE basis Mainland. It agreed that Vancouver conform to municipal and regional dis- (a) that no electoral district comprise should be increased from nine to 12 trict boundaries wherever possible, and fewer than 7,500 registered voters MLAs, but opted for six two-member decided on two-member ridings on a having regard to present population ridings rather than 12 single-member district-by-district basis. and apparent population trends to the HISTORY ridings. However, it refused to eliminate year 1975, and 7 (b) that the Le gislative Assembly several rural electoral districts , such as The commission’s principal recom- comprise not fewer than 48 nor Skeena, Atlin and Revelstoke-Slocan. mendations included the following: more than 52 members; and, OF Overall, the number of MLAs increased • increasing the number of MLAs 3. give consideration to the provision of from 52 to 55. from 55 to 62; SETTING multiple member ridings of two mem- • preserving seven electoral districts in bers each in the metropolitan areas of C. The Norris Commission the North; Victoria and Vancouver. 8 (1975) • adding one electoral district in the ELECTORAL The commission recommended retain- Cariboo/Southern Interior; ing the same number of MLAs (52) This three-member commission, con- • eliminating one electoral district in and abolishing all multi-member elec- sisting of the Hon. T.G. Norris, Fred the Kootenays; toral districts. It proposed that repre- Bowers and Lawrence J. Wallace, was • adding six electoral districts to the BOUNDARIES sentation in northern and rural areas appointed under the Public Inquiries Lower Mainland (mostly in the be reduced, because of relatively low Act in July 1975. The same test of Fraser Valley); and, population, by: “proper and effective representation” • adding one electoral district to • reducing the North from seven elec- was set, and the commissioners were Vancouver Island. toral districts to five; required to: • reducing the Cariboo and Southern • take into account where feasible and The Legislature did not adopt any of Interior from four electoral districts necessary, historical and regional the commission’s recommendations. to three; and, claims for representation; • reducing the Kootenays from eight • make recommendations for between D. The Eckardt Commission electoral districts to four. 55 and 62 MLAs; and, (1978)9 • give consideration to the provision Judge Lawrence S. Eckardt was given a Finally, it recommended an increase in of two-member ridings in areas of sweeping mandate, by order-in-council, representation for Vancouver and the dense population. to consider alternative methods of vot- Lower Mainland from 19 to 27 elec- ing, voter eligibility requirements, rais- toral districts, because of increases in In drawing the boundaries, the com- ing and spending of funds by political population. mission established an electoral parties and candidates, income tax 7 Constitution Act Amendment Act, 1966, SBC 1966, c. 11, Schedule C. 8 Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Redefinition of Electoral Districts under the Public Inquiries Act British Columbia, November 7, 1975 [BCZR 1975 E6B]. 9 Interim Report on the Redefinition of Electoral Districts for the Province of British Columbia, Royal Commission on Electoral Reform, 1978, June 1978 24 PART 3 – THE HISTORY OF SETTING ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES 3 deductions for political contributions increased by two, from 55 to 57; The Legislative Assembly adopted Judge and designation of political parties for • the dual-member ridings in Eckardt’s recommendations, with one the purpose of status in the Legislative Vancouver be reduced from six electoral district name change.11 Assembly. With respect to redistribu- to five, that Surrey become a tion, he was instructed to make inquiry dual-member electoral district E. The Warren Commission 3 – PART THE HISTORY OF SETTING ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES into and concerning the need for legis- and that Victoria retain its dual- (1982)12 lative amendment: member status; and • representation in the North be Derril T. Warren was appointed by [To] secure, by whatever redefinition of increased by one, and in the order-in-council on June 23, 1982 electoral districts is required, proper and Kootenays be decreased by one. to consider legislative amendments in effective representation of the people of all parts of the province in the Legisla- order to secure equitable and effective tive Assembly and that in formulating the Judge Eckardt’s redistribution resulted representation of the people of all parts recommendations to be contained in the in significant deviations from the elec- of the province. He was required to: report the commissioner take into account toral quotient, ranging from minus 88 • consider all matters which may where feasible historical and regional claims percent for Atlin to plus 85 percent for provide equitable and effective for representation. Richmond. representation in the Legislative In drawing boundaries, Judge Eckardt considered the following factors: population, geographical limitations, communications and transportation, distance from government agencies, social, economic and cultural
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