Leica Lenses Is Made Possible by Having a Standardized Screw Thread on Both the Camera and the Lens Motrnt

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2Bmm.

Nome Mounl

"Hektor Rigid Chrome

Summoron Rigid Chrome t/3.5\ f ,'22

Elmor 50 mm. Stondord Collopsible- t13.5i f,'l6 Chrome

Summicron 50 mm. Stondqrd Collopsible- t/2 f r6 Chrome

Summorit 50 mm. Stondord Rigid Chrome t/t.s f r6

Summorex 85 mm. Long Focus Rigid Chrome r/1.s f l6

Elmor 90 mm. Long Focus Rigid Chrome f t'4 f ,36

Hektor I 35 mm. Long Focus Rigid Chrome f i4.s f 36

Telyt 200 mm. True Telephoto Rigid Block t 4s f32

Telyt 400 mm. True Telephoto Rigid Block isi f32 I

*When ovoiloble.

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Scole of Angle for lmoge Angle Angle Reproducfion long Side for Short Side 400m m. Covered Compored Weight Horizontol Verticol Diogonol with Picfures Picfures 43.3mm. Sfondord lens 36mm. 2 4mm. t 76' x 0.s6 3.5 ounces 65'- I 46" 64' x o.7 6 ounces 54' 39"

x 1.00 4 ounces # t ?oo 4s i x1.00 8 ounces I 4s 10.5 f, I X1.00 ounces 28.s" X 1.7s 2l ounc3s 160

r 27 X 1.8 7 ounc-as 23' tS' I--- I ---i I -I l818- X 2.7 l3.5ouncestg.sounces 15' I 10" to" I 12 I X 4.OO ]t+.Sounces lO' I Z' 'I i--^--i 6' X 8.00 ounces, 5' 3" -iii I i83 |

I \oo 200mm. I I I I

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E The fact that the Leica cameramay be fitted with a completeseries of inter- changeable,coated lenses which coupleto the rangefinderof all Leicacameras is one of the most important characteristicsof the Leica systemof photography. H The principle of interchangeabilityis not new, but as developedand ipflidd to the Leica camera,it has mad I been e avallable to a far greater numb6r of .{.:l photographersthan was previouslypossible. di The Helicol Mount. Eachlens is provided with its own focusingmount. On 1 all lensesexcept Summarit 50mm. and long focus lenses,focusing is effected , by meansof a l^ever.On the other lensesa milled ring is provided.Th. distun.e d E is read off by an index mark. Collopsible lens Mounts. The LeitzElmar and Leitz Summicron of jomm., focal length are providedwith collapsiblemounts, and must be pulled out be- fore using the cainera.\7hen the leni is fully drawn out, it is turned slightly to I the right, where it locks in position.To push back the lens, it musthrst be turned a little to the left, then pushedstraight back into the body of the camera. -f- The lnfinity Cotch. N7henthe focusingmounts of the Hektor 28mm., Sum- Lr maron 35mm.,and Elmar, Summicronand Summarit)Omm.. lenses reach the "infinity" pulk: theylock in_position by meansof a catch.By pressingthe knob on the end of the focusinglever, the catchis releasedand can thenbe rotated for focusing.This deviceis only found on lensesof 28, 35 and 50mm., focal ; length. The Aperture is seton the Leitz Elmar 50mm.and Hektor 28mm.,by a small lever engravedwith an index to the front ring of the lens mount. On lhe other T lenses,a narrow ring bearing the index mark, actuatesthe diaphragm. The figures indicate the relative aperture of the lens. In the following Pageswe state that a lens is of Gauss-typeconstruction. I t$7hatdoes that mean? Gauss-typeconstruction is basedon a formr-rlawhich was devisedby Gaussin the 1880's.Originally, he simply took two identical Aplanatic lensesand mounted them end to end with an iris-diaphragmin bdtween.In other words, he combinedtwo identical lens systemr,...i o.r. c independentlywell-corrected. When he took thesetwo lensesand combined them into one lens, and placedthe iris-diaphragmin between,he was able T to still further improve chromaticaberrations.

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HEKTOR2Bmm", f/6.3 {When Avqiloble)

Leitz extreme rlide angle (76 cleg.) lens. is the Hektor 28mm., f 7'6.3, tlcsigned as a tripiet r,r'ithtu'o ccmentcd surfaces.u'hich has been vu'idelyusecl for correction.Er-en at full aperture (f t'6.3), n'hich in a systemof such a large angle of vieu' must be regarded as high, it gives remarkable sharpness to the Lejca format without distortion-a novel feature in view of the very short focal length. In this objective, too, the requirement of extensivereduc- tion of vignetting has been taken into considerationby making the lens largcr than the dimension corresponding to the relative aperture. Proper reduction o.f the aperture. which is_always advisable for wide-angleobjectives if concii- tions permit, resultsin a further increaseof the quality of the image (optimurrr ai)proximatelyat f/ l1), and an in-rproveddistribution of light over the entire I rI age ?1rea. A 28n-rrn.adapter fits into the Imarect Finder to show the proper field of vieu' for the Zumm. Hektor"

SUMMARON 35mm.,f/3.s

In thc group of u'ide-angleobjectives rve havethe Summaron3)mm., f /3.5 (I3A" ) u'ith an angle of 6-1 degrees,whicl-r is close to the norn-ralobsen'ation angle of the human eye.This objectivebelongs to the Gausstype grolrp and consistsof six lenses.two of which are independent; the remaining four are ce tncnte d together to f orm two members. Particularly in the case of wide- ansle objectives,care must be taken that vignetting, rn'hichhas an increasingly 'i;'l':;:, .listurbingeflect u,ith increasingangle of vies,, is reducedto a tolerablemeas- E* Lrre.Iror this reason,the front lens of this objectiveis also nradeconsiderably largcr than would correspor-rdto the relativeaperture of the systcm.Moreover, thc reir.rlens of thc s\,stelnis givcn sr-rchclirner-isior-r.s that it additionirlly eniarges g the crosssection of ihe obliqi,. pencilsof ra1's.

HEKTOR28mm. SUMMARON35mm. ru tul w q rt I L t t L

ELMAR 50rnm.

'I-he cffctt of both these design f eaturrcs is that the corners of the irnage re- L .civc much nlore Iight, so that vignetting no longer appears.The color correction of this objertive is excellent,and other defects;re eliminated to ^ large c-xtent.The perfonttance is, therefore, exceptional even at full aperture. n. .luced aperttue prodr-rcesincreased resolution and contrast,and be'tweenf i5.6 L .tttdf .'t3,a.sl'rarPltess extending over thc entire image_areais reached.Thc clept[ of lleld at f , t.6 is so great ttrit the rangefindernc-ed hardly be usecl. L L- ELMAR SOmm.,t/3.s

In its assernbll', Elnrar L lh: l0mm.. f r'3.1 (2") angle of vicvu,J5 cieg..colr- stitr*rtesa kno\\'lt triplet varia.t-ttconsisting of tl-rrcerrentbcr.s. J'he last rnembcr contliit-tsa collvergillg (etnenteclsurface. and, uncler iar.'orablecorrectior-r con- t ! ditions has a rclativel-ysimple.construction. The correctionpossibilities of t6is I* i)'Pc of s1'stctl-tl-rave be cn widely utilized, and all resiclual de fects, chromatic as u'cll as spherical.rtrc ad-jtrstedto each otl'rerso that an especiallyfar.,orlble corrc-ctionaclapted to the Leica format is obtained. The slrarpr-rcss I $clrcral I incrcasesrapidiy as the aperture tr is recltrc'ed,and at f /B it is at its ma.ximlnt. $7e u'ish to insert a statementhere wl-richapplies quite gene rally, not only to thc Elmar: I t f ff. in orcler to obtain maximr-rmdcpth of focr,rs, t the aperture is rcdr-rcecl lE l-'c-r'or-rcltl-re so-called critical apertr-rreof an objcctive, a dccicasein thc resolu- ,j9: ca;racitt'-is thc'oretically to be expected bec'au.seof the phenorrena of tlif{raction. If standard emulsions u'ith a resolution capacityirf as muc-h as rl-rotrt l- 100 line.sPer millimeter are uSer].hou'eve r, practiclllv no Io.ssof rcsolg- rion is gencrallyobsen'able , even at f /t6. The .reprodr-rctionof pc-riod.icstructures anc.l tcst frlnr.sof an csperiallyhigh L rc-soltrtioncaPacitt' must renlain outsicleoLtr preseltt considcratioris

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I J SUfVlrVtlCRONSom'nn., tr/ 2 _t J J J J

/ The Sun'rn'ricron )Ornm., f i 2 is a ne\ addition to the Leica line of lenses. It has a new type of glass,new optical design and excellentcorrectiotr, esPe- cially for color, flatnessof field and vignetti?g The Sumrnicron is more compact than thc Summitar and thc diaphrrstrr adjustinq ring has click stops.All glass-to-airsurfaces are coated. Thcrcl i.".tr elementi, only one pair of which is cetnented.Utilizatiorr "r. is made of "air lenses" to achievean exceedinglyhigh degree of correction" Thc basic design is ^ variation of the Gar-rss-*p.Iens. (The Gauss-typeis clraractertzedby two convergi.g lenses,one at each extremity gf the systettt. J cnclosir-rgtu,o d iverging menisc'Lrslens components, located adjacent to tht" diaphragm.) This provides a favorablebasis for color correction. tn. Si,mmicron has been further correctedto reducethe extra axial spl-rerical aberrationand loss of contrastat the edgesto the absoluteminimum, while ar J the sametirne obtaining a perfect correctionof the astigmaticcurvature of lield, and reaching ^n optimun performance chromatically. Important in achieving this high degree oT correctlon is a ng* optical glass of high refractive indcx used for the two positive elementsof the system. fl The Sr-rmrni.ronpcrforms excellently at full aperjur5, producing an exceed- ingly brilliant and even image over the entire field. Optimum image.quality, *'hiih normally cannotbe attaineduntil the lens is stoppeddowrr considerably, 3 is rcachedin ilte Summicron at the relatively large opening of f /4.An ex' trcn-rel1,high degrec of contrast and resoltrtionis obtained. Coriection of vignetting in a large aperture lens is of great importance. LJnlessspcciaI rrttention is-paid ^areas, to this, the edgesof the negativewill teceive J mr-rchlcss light than other resulting in a darkening of the edgesof thc pictr-rre,or in tl-recase of color photogra;rhy, a false rendition of color at Llte Ldg.r of the transparency. Tl-re front eletnent of the Summicron is largcr in J diamctcr than ,..1i ired for ^ relative aperture of f /2. This design increascs the transverr.ucction of thc bundle of oblique rays,permitting more light to rcrrchthe edgcs.the rebl' rcclucingvignetting to a mtntmLlm. ru n I

t* Increasingthe width of the oblique bundle of rays to eliminate vignettinu increasesthI dilhculty of correctingother aberrations.The reduction of vignet- ring in the Summicron, coupled-with its over-all.high correction, can be The Sutnnlicron is L rcgardcd as an outstanding aClriet'ementof- optical .deslgn. , f.,-,, of highest pcrformit-rcc leaving r-rothingto be clesiredfor either color or bleck-an.i-whitephotography. L

SUMMARIT Somm.,tll.5 l* J'hc high speedSummarit )c0mm.,i 1.i (2"),,angle1>d.g.',isasevcn-lens objcctive belonging to the gtroup of Gauss typcs, which afTordsespecialty' f.rvorablecorrection possibiliti< es for the presentpltrpose. Color correctionand L r,ontrrst is excellent,so that colnsiderablCsharpness is obtainedover the entire irnage areaeven at full apertture. The generfl sharpnessis fr-rrtherincreased u'ith moderateclosing of the a1.pertr-rre,at-td at about f /4 it reachesan unusr-rally hieh degreeof contrastand re::iolution. Also, the uniform distribution of light over the entire image area.anc d the elin-rinationof distortion. are excellentfor \We en obje ctive of sr-rcha larger initiei rtperture. have here an especially succcssfulrotlstruction of exc(eilent iretTorltl.In(e.suclr as is probably' seldorn A- fcund in oblectivesof this kin..t.

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SUMMITAR50mm. SUMMARIT50mm.

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SUMMAREX r-i 85mm.

ru ELM,AR 90nrm. n I -n U SUMMITAR Somm.,f/2 - m ltllustrqtionon Poge 9l 5 The faster objective, Summitar 50mm., f /2 (2"), angle 45 deg., is based on the so-called Gauss type, which affords excellent correction possibilities for I higher relative aperture and for greater angles of view. At variance with the f normal Gauss type, the front member is composed of two lenses,so that additional means of correction are obtained. The excellent color correction deserves special^ mention, whereby color defectsof a higher order are made unnoticeable. t Th" other defects, tob, are limited in thelr extent. \7ith reduced aperture sr the sharpness of the image increases rapidly and reaches its maximum at about f /5.6. Special importance was attached to the extensive elimir-ratronof Y which is of fundamental importance, especially in color photog- " !t ;;if,;:,t"g

":E I E SUMMAREX 85mm.,t/t.s The series of objectives of long focal length begins with the high-speed Summarex 85mm., f /1.5 (3rA"), angle 28.) deg. This is a seven-lenssystem, which may be regarded as a variant of the Gauss type, and which offers ex- B tremely fine correction conditions. As a result of the special position of the axial and extra-axial spherical aberration, the objective shows a slightly di- rn minished sharpness at full aperture, which, however, does not go so f.ar as td to make the objective "soft." The Summarex is excellent for news photography as well as an ideal objective for portrait photography. It is particularly highly esteemedin these fields. Ir is highly corrected for critical sharpnessand it is specially coated for re- fi duction of flare and scatter,for increasedlight transmission and image contrast. \7ith slight reduction of the aperture, perfect sharpnessis obtained over the entire image area (maximum-approximately at f /a), so that the objective is e also suitable for photographs requiring an especially high resolution capacity. t U ELMAReomm., (/4 E {fih * Elmar 90mm., f /4 (31/2"), angle 27 deg., belongsto the sametype of objectiveas Elmar 50mm., f/3.5. \Vhat was statedthere with respectto the correctionconditions and optimum sharpnessapplies here. The very slight r effectof vignetting in this objectiveis worth mentioning. It is particularly t suitedfor portrait photography,but can be usedvery successfullyfor scenery t and for all purposeswhere a relativelylong focal length is needed. ,iii

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tc HEKTOR l35rr!m",#/4.5

Hcktor 13)mm., f '1+.t(i3A"),angle 18 d.g., cor-rstitutesa triplet variar-rt fr.rt '*,'n ith I (oi'lvergingr'etncrrtcci slrrface inse rted in thc centralmember. This ccrncrrt- surf.ttc is an additional source of important correctior-rpossibilities whr..lr har c bcctr extettsively. uscd in this objective.The general i-orrectionis thcrc- f ore exr eI lent and the performanceoutstanding. N'Iaximr-rmresol r-rtion capacity combin u,hich nrake this obje ctive particularJ

sh:rrprendition of finest structural deta bd. Irlent.sdernanded of a good distanceob is cxcellent at fr-rllaperture, so that red w'hcn itrcreaseddeptl-r of focr-rsseems desirable. In a specialsl-rort mount, itr (.Ln be use,-lu'itl-r tl-re l\,{irror Refler Hor_rslng" w-

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HEKTOR I 35mm. J J il 1l il t L L L

&E IIt \\\\ aw TELYT200mm. ffi TELYT 2oomm.,fl4.s 'I-el1t 2oomni..f 4.: ( ti"), angle 12 d.g. is designedas a tele-system.usc-.l In r,onjunctionu'ith the Mirror Reflex Housing,and consistsof a front group w of lenses having a. converging efrect and a rear group of lenses having a Jir-erging eff ect; the tu'o groups are separatedby a relativeh' large air space. -t"he '.,,, resr,rltis. that for a relativelr'^longfocal length, the total length of the [, objcctir-efrom the front lens to lens flangeof the cameraremalns comparativell' H -l-he rhort and easy to hancllc. general corrc(tion is very favorablc in this ob'jcctir-e.and the extensiveelimination of color defectsand the complcte t'" climinationoi clistortionis outstanding. tib" -ifl- TELYT 4oomm.,#l s H

AE E

Telvt 400m., f /5, angle 6 d.S-. has e E designsimilar to that of the Telvt lOomnr' The Telyt 400mm. ( 16" ), has a shortcr total length resulting from the tele-con- T struc.tion.W'hat hasbeen said for the Tetrt't 2(X)mm.u'ith respectto correctionapplies T'el1't-4(Xlmm. I TELYT4 00m m. -ilso to the

I www.orphancameras.com I I 7'-'g I 8 O I O r-{ O |t The Depth of Field Scole.In order that the range of depth of field at any lens aperture may be_read off direc[ from the camera, a special scale is fitted en- graved with the aperture figures, which shows the I distancesin front of and behind the actual focusing distance at which sharp focus is obtained, for all lens apertures. The accuracy of this scale is quite sufficient for most practical purposes, though for t very accuratework special depth of field tables can be obtained from us (price 15 cents), in which the figures are calculated for a circle of least confusiou of I/3oth of a millimeter. I

Lens Chonging.The interchangeabilityof the va- I rious Leica lenses is made possible by having a standardized screw thread on both the camera and the lens motrnt. The cameru flange into which the lenses are screwed, and the lens thread. are made I with the greatestaccuracy possible. The lensesare simply screwedinto the flange and are then in correct register. A quick-thread mounl or a bayonet fitting has not been used, since these are liable to wear with use, and become inaccurate. t When changing the lens, the opening in the camera body should not be exposed to strong light and it is best to hold the front of the cameraagainst the body while the other lens is taken from the camera case.If the camera is carried for some time withont a lens, a screw cover should be used to keep T out dust and damp. t

lever of the rangefinder. The coupling is automatically effected merely by screwing the lens into the camera. This coupling makes the Leica extremely t convenient and quick to manipulate. It should be especially mentioned that Leica lenses which are adapted for this coupling are suitable for immediate t r4 I H

F use on the Models Standard, Ic, and If Leicas, which are not equipped for coupling the lens with the range{inder, thor-rghthey can be provided with this coupling by subsequent adaptation. 3 Versotility of Lensgs. Since the number of lenses available for use with the & Leica is so large, it might not be an easymatter for all photographers to decide which lens would best suit their requirements. The following list, arranged ; in order of the various types of photognphy, clearly shows the special purposes 'h to which the different lenses are suited. lens of Short lens of Slondord [ens of long l* Type of Work Focol lengfh Focol lengfh Focol lengfh Remorks

Condid ond Summoron35 mm Elmqr 90 mm e Snopshots Technicql Summoron35 mm Elmoror Elmor 90 mm Hektor 28 mm Summicron50 mm g Advertising Summoron35 mm Elmoror Elmor 90 mm Heklor 28 mm Summicron5O mm Londscope Summoron35 mm Elmoror Elmor90 mm 1* Hektor28 mm Summicron50 mm t Trovel Summoron35 mm Elmoror Elmor90 mm Pictures Hektor 28 mm Summicron50 mm Reproductions Summoron35 mm Elmor50 mm Hektor135 mm With fine-groin 3 film Sporls Summoron35 mm Summicronor Summorex 85 mm Summorit50 mm In specio I coses olso Summoron35 mm Sumrnicronor Summqrex 85 mm Hektor 135 mm Summoril50 mm luE Telyt 200 mm Summicronor Elmor 90 mm or or l* Summoril50 mm Summorex 85 mm Telyt 400 mm srill Life Elmor50 mm Elmor 90 mm or C Summorex 85 mm ll. lnstonloneous Summicronor Summorex 85 mm With hish- l8 Exposuresin Summorit50 mm speedfilms ArtificiolLight "e Summicronor Summorex 85 mm Stoge Photos I I Summoril50 mm --l lnterior Summoron35 mm Elmor,Summicron Summorex 85 mm _-::.,..*.-.. $6 Heklor 28 mm or Summorit50 mm Architecture Summoron35 mm Elmor 50 mm Elmor90 mm F Hektor28 mm Hektor135 mm eE Telyt200 mm Nolure Hektor135 mm Photogrophy Telyt200 mm pnru Telyt400 mm p '6 Punched tor Leics Binder E. LEITZ,lnc. 468 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, N. Y. !*n DD-8.'3.AMP. No. l3i6-D Ptiatedin U.S.A. www.orphancameras.com .;ii.-.. ";rff&-