ENGLAND CIRCA 1290 A VIEW FROM THE PERIPHERY Bruce M. S. Campbell Professor of Medieval Economic History School of Geography, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN e-mail <
[email protected]> February 2005 ‘If one makes a leap of the imagination, numbers come alive. They do so both in what they allow us to know and in how they help us to think. Numbers make it possible for us to put the pieces together. They allow us to compare events that are otherwise incomparable. They tell us which way the world is moving. They help us to think in general terms about particular events, and then to test our generalizations against the evidence of empirical indicators.’ David Hackett Fischer, The great wave: price revolutions and the rhythm of history (Oxford, 1996), xiii. ‘historians should be encouraged to look beyond narrow boundaries, to test theories and estimates against other periods or regions.’ N. J. Mayhew, ‘Coinage and money in England, 1086-c.1500’, 72-86 in Diana Wood (ed.), Medieval money matters (Oxford, 2004), 81. © the author. Not to be quoted, cited, or reproduced in any way without the author’s permission. The fourteenth-century Gough Map offers a characteristically Anglo-centric view of Britain. Whereas England is represented in sharp and detailed focus, Wales is distorted and Scotland distended. Ireland, an English colony since 1171, appears only as a dim coastline on the western horizon. According to Dan Birkholz (2004) the Gough Map is probably a mid to late fourteenth-century copy or version of a now lost late thirteenth-century original, created perhaps in the 1280s or 90s either for Edward I or his administration.