3"41'ld c6t 61GtalulGiI 2001 CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
9{8IC11-3 SERIES-3 {%d1ldC't ~~T HIMACHAL PRADESH
2001 i5T qql-2 Paper-2of2001
~!'I{~(I{-t(3{f 'Q:fi;('( : aTRo-qcrro ~ fi'l ::if I m,Jk~ Pl~~)Cf) \iF1l)O)"l) "Cf>TRURAL-URBAN DISTRIBUTION
c>i~J'!3T PEOPLE ORIENTED
3fflo l!Cif 0 ~ ID'5I I ~fC5 ii/ii/JjUjtil/ ~ &tHJi/C'f mr R. L. BISOTRA Director of Census Operations,HimachaJ Pradesh 3"t1'ld c5t tilG"ldlUIGtl 2001 CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
• "'f8lC11-3 SERIES-3 fi;tH Idcl ~~T HIMACHAL PRADESH
2001 q)f ~-2 Paper-2 of 2001
G1 Cit l4 ~ I c5" 31 G1 fGt:t CfI 31 i crsg• PROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS
4lIafiUI-at(»):lli!:l fdd'lOI RURAL-URBAN DISTRIBUTION
~~~ PEOPLE ORIENTED
3fR"o'(RiT0 fit 'ttl.,. I fiirhTCff jjjti/fl/u/iiII i6Ri, &iI1/WI roT R. L. BISOTRA Director of Census Operations,Himachal Pradesh
fcrt'ffi(j -ij ~ ~ q\1 ~ 2001 V PositIOn of Himachal Pradesh m India 2001
~ ~ IHllflACf> ~ 2001 VII AdmilllstratlVe DIVISIOns of HImachal Pradesh 200 I lfffiTCRI 1:\ Preface
3ll
IJR7TUAT 2001- ~ ct\1 Fcl~I~C1I\! XIII-XIV State Hlghhghts-200 1 Census
~~Q)f~1 3-15 AnalY'ils of ProvISIonal PopulatIOn fll~[l)I~1 Tables ~-1 2001 -ij ~ f,jffi ~ ~5/~/'FR -ij ~ 3fR fc;rTJ cf; 3lJffi\' 0-6 ~ CJ1l cf; ~ l[Cf 19-22 warn ctr x:m:m Table-l PopulatIOn, Child populatIOn ill the dge group 0-6 and LIterates by resIdence and Sex-Stdte, Dlstncts, UA/Clty/Town, 2001 23-31 ~-2 2001 -ij ~ f,jffi (~)c;r/I311-~ ~ 3ITClffi ~ ~ cf; 3l¥fR 0-6 ~ q7f cf; ~ l[Cf warn ctr~ Table-2 PopulatIOn, ChIld PopulatIOn m the age-group 0-6 and Literates by reSIdence and sex State, Dlstnct, TahslUSub-TahsIl 2001 fIRUft-3 2001 -ij ~ l[Cf ~ q\T cgc;r ~ -ij ~ <[f%" ~ 3ll cHflljfliX 0-0 ~ qrf cf; ~ q\1 32-33 ~ctr~l[Cf~~ctr~ Table-3 Percentage decadal growth, percentage of ChIld populatIOn m the age-group 0-6 by reSIdence and percentage of urban populatIOn to total populatlOn- State and DIstrIct 200 I
'fIRUT't -4 2001 -ij ~ ~ ~/\J(!-~ -ij ~ "Cf>l fBTT-~ l[Cf 0-6 ~ qrf *~ q\1 34-37 ~ Q)f fc;rTj~ 1 able-4 Sex ratIo of populatIOn and sex ratIo of Child populatIOn In the age group 0-6 State Dlstnct, Tahstl/Sub-Tahsil 2001
'fIRUT't-s 2001 i'f XTV'rft'rnmn- 1991-2001 fWl~ l[Cf ~-~ ct\1 "flTamn <;X Table-6 PopulatIOn, Percentage decadal growth 1991-200 I, Sex ratiO, Literacy by sex UAs, CItIes and Towns by size class ill the State-2001
'fIRUT't-'7 1981-20011) "f1TfuI ~ ~ 45 Table-7 Growth of urban populatIOn, 1981-2001
~-6"Cf>l ~-1 2001 -ij CjOICJ>SjljflIX ffimtl m:xT 3i'R '1'Rl q\1 ~ 0-6 ~ qrf qi- ~ q\1 fJm 46- 47 3i'R ft;t'llj'flIX Warn ct\1 ~ Appendlx-I To Table-6 Population, Child populatIOn ill the age grot.;:> 0-6 and LIterates by sex- Independent cItIes and Towns arranged In alphabetical order 200 I
III 'I"tD Pages mM'r-6 55 fclcRuT-2 1991-20011'! ~~ 'fC! ~ ~
~~~wftr?r Maps and Diagrams f6>m1C'f ~ - ~ \iI~
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~~-~~~ wch>r - ffi-~ ~ (~/;:rq-~) 67 Himachal Pradesh - Sex RatiO 2001 (Tahslls/Sub-Tahslls)
~~-<,["[('!~1'!fu~(O-6qq) 69 Himachal Pradesh - Sex RatiO m Child population 200 I (0-6 years) l1T'iTu1-~ ~~ ~~1'!~~~ 73 Percentage Decadal growth In Urban populdtJon 1901-2001
"fIR ~ /'1'T"1
,1fUpn 1'! fc1cRu1 75 DlstnbutlOn of PopulatIOn of Urban AgglomeratIOn/Towns m different size classes 1901-200 I l1T'iTu1-~ ~ 2001
Photographs
IV 5*r I$ff if ~ ""Plol.,1 c1; ~ ~ 1f;ft mo Wf ~ ~ ~ if ",.,·,°1." ~ ~ , Census in snowbond areas launched with enumeration of Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal, Chief Minister at Shirnla.
CENSUS OF INDIA 2001
3-1T«f INDIA a.rr«r KfLOMETRES 100 '&0 iJ 100 200 300 400 500
I N A
B
RAJASTHAN
MYANMAR (SURMA)
MAHARASHTRA BAY OF BENGAL ARABIAN SEA "'P
.Coco I., CButma) ,. •• Narcondam i, (India) ~ Ii . ,. '.I.r.' Barren I. (India) ;.,. ¥ . 12° ..~ ~ -;. •O':;_.,. ANDAMAN SEA "t- "t- O 0
8 0
p. PONOICHERRY I o c E A N
7(0 East 0: Greenwich 'IIi ° Based lIpOO Survey of India' map with the The interstate boundaries bd;weQl Arunadlal Pntde:;b • Assam and @ Govemmwt ofIndia • oopyriglJt 2001. perttllssioo ofthe Surveyor Gwc:ral of India, Meghalaya shown on this map are as interpreted from the Thetaritorial watecs of In dia extend into the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act , sea to a distance oftwe[ve nautical mile>< 1971 but have yet to be verified. m=ed from the appropriate base line.
v CENSUS OF INOlA 20011 IPROVISIONAL RE SULTS I
77 I I I U>U '""-0 A N\ N\ N D r BOUNDARIES "_I ) INTERNAT IONAl I /KILAR \.. I STATE ) (PA~GII \ \ ~ /-- , DISTRICT ------_ 33' .. /\It TAHSil/SUB TAHSil / ) ( KILOMETRES v liSA \ Itt / 20 10 o 20 40 '\ (CHALRAH)• \ I SAl~N) '\ UDArpUR r1 J ./' CHAMBA >~ l,,,,,,, ) ./ ...,/ '-" ~...., "". KYELANG ) 1· c ~ HAM B AI.- ...... ' ""'(lAHUL) p I~ ...- \CHU~~~~~¢;IYATI BR~HMAUR)' 1.,..., L '"' A H U L A N 0 5 1 T ~ '7 ~ ---"I /-.. / ~ ;---~ (') NURPUR lSIHUNTA L-., • \ J '\ ( / • ,. \ "Hall I I \ L.- """ -"I• @ '-.~ ...... , I ,) MANAL!• \_ -... _""", • JAWAl~KHAS 3 DHARMSALA ..... rJ i/ " "...... (~~/:~) ) :t. ~·DORA (JAWALI)~ KANGRA PAl~MPUR .... J '\. "'"' (... " FATEHPU~ K A N G R A ~Alm"~,~l~AN L '" I'~-/""' 32°,...... I '" ~ ..."-"JRA r--"JOj'NOAR' AGAR K U L U; Z A '-. III - 32' ...... BAR a H_ _.. '.lAO BHAROl ~ q KUllU ( , - "HWND A ~ \ _ f',-\ VANGTHANG( ...0 KDrLA t\"H~s" IN. KATIPRI "/", -... - • \ • • AA ./ _~AlSIN('HPUR. ' "7 ( m J~SWAN) ~6PIPUR THURA7./ ,. (PADHAR)) t r _) (HAN(;,RANCi~ \.. • 15 --, \ ~ X ., 'RAK'KAR,.,_. '"TIRA SUJANPUR eDHARMPUR \ ). I \BHARWAIN " • r~AOAi.JN" • KOlLl .SAINJ ,.._. ._/ ...... f ...... f • , '\JHAMfR~UR '\ • 'i'MANDfuT.~, J..... poo \ ~ \. ~ \ /" AM8. HAMIRPUR ,SARKA-GHAT BALI CHOWKI. ) \ K N N A U R '\ BANGA~~ .SHDRANJ GDHAR I • BANJAR ( 1 \ u \ - -1 BA,,)WARA ·(CHAtHYOT) { \ \ NICHAR C MORANG• N A \. • BI-'RI L·. • \ \ • @ RECKONG PEO BAR~AR (O~ATWALJ' SUN01'.RNAC,AR THUNAu ) \ @UNA \\ ~HU"::RWt MAN 0 1\ NERMANO / \ • 'I- - BILASPUR-"). ~A.NI .__feRAMPUR '- ) HARotl r \ JHANDiJTA. (NIHR I • I / J , @ t -- KARSOG f"-~- \..J 'Bll ASPUR ,,'\ • NANKHARI L '-vt \ ~WAR{)HAT ,/" _,- ./KUMHARC,A1N • .!-SHIMLA • U P UT TAR PRADESH l • f ShAl-1PUR ., (@ '- ,,5 I R M A U R _./ HARCHAKIAN 1> )- ",- PAONTA ~AHI~ SANDHOL "1 ~2 /' ~~ At 4 JU p"
HEADQUARTERS J/STRC HE-ADJuARTERS ARE ALSO TAwSIl HEADQUAR"Tt-RS EX ~ f T ~PPJAuR WHERF IT IS LOUTED AT RECl"mJG PEO) STATE NHf- Rf- THE fIAM[ OF T ..... HSILISUB TAHSIL DIFFERS FRnM ITS HEADJ. IARTER':> NAME THF FORMER HAS BEFN WRITTEN DISTRICT @ * NllHlfJ I:lRAr!"I:_Tc, TAHSIL/SUB -TAHSil • THE: H()tWJISTRATlvr Hf ..... OQUARTFRS UF SHIMLA RURAL T~HSll r II 1..; u'lB ' ... H \ ,...liD 'IAlPA1~IIS\ ARt' (!,..T SHI"4lA
~JO f' '\LPA RFSPFC'IVELi
L-____~I ______~I ______~I ______L
/I_, EM I F I =' iJ H ,9
Based upon Survey of Indl1 Map With the permission of the Surveyor Genr>r 11 of India \_C) Government of !odla copYright 2001
VB PREFACE
m it Jf ... ·lor"fI-2001, lJ\TSuraJ Bhan, Hon Governor of Himachal Pradesh on 30th March, 2001 at Raj it~~~~1Wt I "","mit Bha\\>an, ShImla This paper Includes ~ ~ ~ W ~ ~ 'n!qliH=t ~ * ant it The present pubhcatlOll I e Paper-2 ~-200 1 * m-2, it Jj"f~1 *m it m of Census 2001 II1 respect of State of HImachal Pradesh contams more mformatlOll ~~frllft~m~m1lrr about populatIon I e rural-urban dlstnbutlOll ~ n ~ OJ;!" ~-.....rt'r ~ ~ ~-iJ4111q;i'lhfl It IS hoped that the paper WIll be *~~nitr useful to data users
~ 3I1't".~~~ s:rT.1J".t. Shlmla R L Blsotra, lAS th 16 ~, 2001 ~ Jf"'l'IU 1"'1 1 ~, 16 July, 2001 DIrector of Census peratlOnE>, HImachal Pradesh
rx W~T ffilililC'i ~~ HImachal Pradesh
~cB1msm 1) Number ofDIstncts 12
~ (cpt fcOo1fro if) n) Area III Sq Km 5567300
ClfC'l" \i1 'i '
~es 3,085,256 ~ Females 2,991,992 ~ '31"1'~ Percentage + 17 53
WHi &11 t:R('C! (-qfu cpt ~o1fro if) v) PopulatIOn DensIty per sq km 109 f{;jllljl.jld (~5iJ'!R~) VI) Sex-RatIO per thousand Males 970 ~ '31'i*11@Ol1 cBI \:lRl~lij(11 * va) Percentage of Rural PopulatIOn * 9021 ~ \Jl'i'
0-6~cptcf;~mr~ ** IX) 0-6 PopulatIOn **
~ ~ Persons Absolute 769,424
cgC'f U1"1*1MI if \OIRl~IC1(j1 Percentage to total populatIOn 12 84
~ cgC'f Males Absolute 405,618
cg<'f ~ \iFl*1MI i{ 1'IR'l~1C1C11 Percentage to total Male populatIOn 13 34
fB;~ ffi \ij'l'Xl 3ff~T qft~ FIgures At a Glance
[%lil'i:l<'i ];f ffia'Rffi * * * arfcm ~ x) LIteracy ** * Persons Absolute 4,029,097 c:x Rate 77 13
~ ~ Males Absolute 2,266,103 c:x Rate 8602
ft:?rm
<'Trcn ctft ~ Xl) No of VIllages 20,118
d 6'{ofl ct'J ctft ~ xu) No ofTahsIls 75
\3ll-~ c#I x:mm Xlll) No of Sub-Tahslb 34
~qftx:mm Xlv) No of Towns 57
~x ~ qf( 3Fl:~ ~'&Tr ~ I * Includmg Projected populatIOn of Kmnaur DIstnct ~x ~ ciI 0-6 3nj-cpf ciI ~ ~ "ff'&Tr em u1\S"CR" ! ** Excludmg 0-6 populatIOn of Kmnaur DIstnct f%Sililcl ];f~~ ~ ffiaRffi GX ~x ~ em u1\S"CR" ~ ~ ~ I *** The LIteracy rate of HImachal Pradesh has been worked out excludmg Kmnaur DIstnct
Xll ~C#)" ~~I~(iIC1- 'JHJIUI'i12001 STATE HIGHLIGHTS - 2001 CENSUS
f<'lCi~(j1 ct ~ ~ *t \J1'"ifi&:l1 if g;:Rr ~ ~ cfc8 ~ ~ (1951-2001) I PopulatIOn of the State Increased more than two tImes after Independence (1951-200 I )
Xl\i'"ffTffiID *t ~ ~ ~ ~ ctil ~ ~ 11cIT m ~ I 3 HImachal 'pradesh ranks at Number 11 In LIteracy In the country
[ct'1I14tct c#t ~ ~ ~ ~ ctil ~ ~ 9cIT m -g I 4 In Sex RatIo, HImachal Pradesh rank~ at number 9 In IndIa
~/X1Ef XT\Rf ffi?it ~ ~ ~ c#t ~ \J11ficG[J1 ctil31:r!ffi. ~ q)+1 (9 79 ~rct) ~ I 5 HImachal Pradesh has the lowest urban proportion of (979%) amongst the State slUTs
1991-2001 ct c:'R"A-XT\Rf ct ~ ~ ~ ~ 3TR ~ q)+1 \J11fi{§QI, \J11fiMI ~ !:1R1~IC1C11 "flT1!-'RC113TR ~''''j41C1 I 6 HIghest and Lowest populatIOn, % PopulatIOn growth dunng 1991-2001, LIteracy and Sex-ratIO among the dlstncts of the state
~ ~"1WT Highest Lowest
\J11fiMI ~ ~-cr:Tftqffr PopulatIOn Kan~a L 1& SpitI (1,3 8,536) ( 33,224 ) \J11 \Ii cG[J t CJfu SOl R1 ~I C1 t11 ~ ~-cr:Tftqffr % PopulatlOn Growth Solan L 1& Splh (+3064 ) (+617 )
"ffTefXffi ~ ~ LIteracy Hamll(fur Chamba ( 83 1 ) ( 6373 )
81'11141 ('1 ~ ~ -cr:T ftqffr Sex-ratIO HamI!})ur Lahul & SpIt! ( 1102 ) ( 804 )
XT\Rf if ~ ~ f.1'Il1 tr ~ q-m ~ ~ ~ ~ WHiMI ~ ~ 3TR ~ ~ -g I 7 Shlmla M Corp IS only Urban AgglomeratIOn WIth one Lakh and above populatIOn In the state
Xlll 3F"I Pd JOJ \iFi 'H"&TI Cf)f fcl ~ c)j 1SfUT ANALYSIS OF PROVISIONAL POPULATION Analysis of Provisional Population
1991-2001 * ~ it ~ rnr • The populatIOn of HImachal Pradesh has grown at the rate of 17 53 per cent dunng ~ it 17·53 mrn. 1fT t ~ if tl <:IT the decade 1991-2001 whIch IS 3 81 per cent ifa"~~itF~~·~it less than the natIonal growth durmg the decade 3·81 "tJi'amr CJilT t I "'{1':iQ' efit ¥ ~ 1=I'mI' The total populatlOn of the State IS 0 59 percent crt ~ ~ 'fir 0·59 ~ t (fllT ~ am ofIndla's populatIOn and ranks at 2pt posItIOn amongst the States and Umon Terntones ~~~it~ 21..t~t 1
~ rnr it 57 ~ m t ~ 10 ~ it ~ F t 1 ~ m ~ 12 ~ t 1fT HImachal Pradesh has 57 urban areas dlstnbuted m 10 dlstncts out of 12 ~~~(fllT~~lt~$oM dIstncts m the state and there are no urban fiR' ~ -:rit t I ~ • Oftli'r<.r ~- components m dIstncts of Lahul & SPIti and 594,881 t ~ ~ ~ • ~ "'""~(Gtjl 'fir 9·79 Kmnaur The urban populatlOn of the State IS '9tImrt 1 1991 itw~ 8·69 lTur 1 594,881 WhICh IS 979 per cent of the state populatIOn agamst 869 per cent m 1991 The 1991-2001 • ~ it ~ • Oftli'r<.r ~ it urban populatIOn of the State ha~ regIstered an 32·43 ~ • ~ tf t 1 ~ ~ f q;J11If t mcrease of 32 43 per cent dunng 1991-2001 t ~ ~ ~ ~ ;;rr;rr 1 -;w ~ 'lTV ~ CIt The reason for thIS growth IS the addItion of two new towns VIZ Baddt Nagar Panchayat 111 ~ t ~ ~ 'fir or{'f'r ;rrrr ~ m:rr ~ Solan dIstrICt havmg populatIOn of 22,592 and ~ lR' 1Rf fil'N "''''_1°1 "', "'f'11T , m t ~ Mant Khas Census town wIth a populatIOn of ~ ~ • ~ 22,592 (fllT 1M'f ~ 5,240 In Kangra dIstnct The other reasons behmd thIS Increase WIll be known only after ;)j",-loI11 ~ • ~ 5,240 t I -nr ~ * the final outcome of the miglatory populatIOn 3Flf ~ "('I"Jq' • ~ I "itl I 4'1 'imrnr ~ ;rrrr ~ tfii" G'Jtf' '1JT'tO are 20 MUnICIpal CounCIls, 28 Nagar Panchayats, 7 Cantonment Boards and one t 1 ~ vm it 20 "'f'11T ~, 28 ';fllT Census town m HImachal Pradesh ~, 7 ~ GITt 3th" 'VCli "'",,-lor .. I ';fllT t 1
~T'r VOl> it ~ /~ W{W" l;rrrr ~ 1fT Table-l presents data for total, rural ~, ~ q 0f11"fttr mrt tilr tfr ~, 0-6 and urban areas at dIstnct IDA/town level for total populatIOn, chIld populatIOn In the age m-q-crIf $ ~ • ~ ~-~ % ('fllfl (til am- group 0-6 years and hteracy sex WIse ~~~~'lTVt 1
'imrnr~~.~ 142,161 t~ Shlmla MUnICIpal CorporatIOn has ~ • ¥ ~ ~ 'fir 23·90 ~ t 1 142,161 persons whIch IS 23 90 per cent of the urban populatIOn of the State Amongst 20 2 0 ';fllT q?( q it t "in;.:r '"'I'11T ~ • ¥I' ii' MunICIpal CouncIls, Solan MUnICIpal CounCIl ~m~t I ~~~34,199 has the hIghest populatlOn of 31199 persons
3 ~ I foiclH1't( ~ $ !r:fr ~ o:rtIT ~ • and Mumclpal CouncIl Nama Devi of Bilaspur dIstnct has the lowest populatlOn of 1,161 ,~ m CfiJr 1,161 t I 28 o:rtIT If'iit4d'l it t persons Amongst 28 Nagar Panchayats, Baddl mr-r ~ Narkanda Nagar Panchayat sItuated at ~";flIT ~ .. \iI"'~' m 1991 .. "' .... ,0 .... ' ~ cITtR- lfUtr ~ ~ ~
0 ~ "f1rr ..t '" "., .... 1 ....-ztT • 1:f'FQ'ffl" '1J'1'tff tit, Pandoh Census town of Mandl ~ 'tiT lfFlfi'IT 200 I • "' .... ,11 ,..., it ~TfJI' $t' fro dIstnct durmg 1991 Census lost Its entity as Census town In 2001 Census Mant Khas of 1Tf I ~ ~ CIiI' 1Fff wr« ';flIT ~ ", ... 4{ili' Kangra dIstnct whIch has returned a 5,2 It 0 t, • 3fif "' ..... 0,...' "f1rr .. ~ '1JTC0-6 ~-orIi" $ ~ • $lrr ~ .. ¥ ~ ?til" I 2·8 It 1Jl'oml t ~ 1rf'Ifrvr m The proportlOn of chIld populatlOn -;:pf"iW Ifhit it TW'it iJ'ffiw'i HI ~ I 3 ·12. trQT In age-group 0-6 years IS 12 84 percent of total 10·29 t I ornr-", ... #(c41 .. ~ ~ gY'enldl'tl populatIon In the State whIle theIr percentage of rural and urban areas are 13 12 and 10 29 ~ ~ it rt .. 1ft 1 ~ ~ 14·93 ~ percent respectively The hIghest percentage of tim nfr orr .. 1fffi Tij (Ii'h ~ it qr 14 93 of chIld populatlOn has been recorded III tim ~ 14·64 ~ tim ~ it t Chamba dlstnct and IS closely followed by 14 64 per cent In Sumaur dIStnct Lahul & SPlti ~-~ ~ it ri. $lrr" !lY'tnidril ~ dIstnct shows the lowest proportIOn of 10 90 Cl"f 10·90 t I ~ ~ ~ m it 3fSfr ~ per cent chIld populatlOn amongst the dIstrIcts ~ "'ITt t I In case of Kmnaur dIstrIct data IS not yet available
~ ~ ~ ", ... 4{ilir it 0-6 ~ -arIf $ ~ • mr CIiI' m :ffitrct; ~ 12-38 ~ Una dIstnct has the hIghest ratlO of ~::tT ~ it tim amr Tij (Ii'\( ~ I 2·0 I 1238 per cent of chIld populatIOn mage-group ~S, 'i'itclH'I '1( 8 I 1·08 1Ji"ffmf8, ~ S1 0·69 0-6 years III the urban populatIon of the dIstrIct whIch IS followed by Sumaur (12 01), BIlaspur ~~, ~ ~ 10-H vi'i1m=r8, 54'1 {'1{ 110·31 (11 08), Solan (1069), Chamba (1044), ~S, ~ 190 97 1Ji"ffmf8, fl S9·88 Harmrpur (10 31), Kangra, (997), Kullu (9 88), ~B, lf1Ffr S9·7 7 ~8 31h" fum;rr S9·36 Mandl (9 77) and Shimia (9 36) per cent In rural areas, Chamba dIstnct ranks first havmg ~~ ~~t I ~~1t"#4 ~ ~ Cfq' lITffi' ~ t 1 ~ 'iIi'iIl .. ~ ¥I' 15 29 per cent chIld populatIOn of the total rural populatIOn whIle Lahul & SPIti IS at tall end 1Prur ~ Cf;I' 15 0 29 lJti:Im:r t 1 ~~ WIth 10 90 percent ~ ~ 1 0·90 ~ ~ ~ m ~ mm' tl
TI«f ~ ~ $it It ('I'If' ( HI
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