APA Referencing Guide A guidefor TWoA tauira

Nga Tohutoro 1 APA Referencing

Contents

What is APA Referencing?...... 2

Why do we use APA Referencing?...... 2

Parts of a Kaimahi Rangahau

APA Referencing List Formats...... 3

Book Citation

In-text Citation...... 4–5

Personal Communication ...... 5

Artwork (Figure caption) ...... 5

Artwork (In-text citation) ...... 6

New Zealand Acts of Parliament (In-text citation)...... 6

Theses Citation...... 6

Articles in Journals, Magazine, Newsletters...... 6

Articles in Newspapers...... 6

Artwork sourced Online/Published ...... 7

Website Citation...... 7

New Zealand Acts of Parliament ...... 7

APA Referencing Help ...... 8

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)...... 8

APA Referencing Guide V.1 2 What is APA Referencing?

Referencing is the practice of acknowledging the ideas and imagery that are generally not your own as expressed in your written assignments, power point presentations and in your visual diary studio work.

We use the American Psychological Association (APA) style at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa (TWOA).

APA has established a particular ‘editorial style’ ie. rules about punctuation, capitalisation, order of information and so on.

Please note that more rules and examples can be found in, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition – in your library.

Your kaiako and other staff are available to guide you regarding the use of APA Referencing. A special mihi is extended to Gwen Basely (TWoA Papaiōea Librarian) and Chris Bryant (TWoA Toi Kaiako) for their mahi that underpins this updated document version.

Why do we use APA Referencing?

• TWOA requires work to be referenced using APA.

• To avoid plagiarism ie. claiming others’ ideas and imagery as your own.

• To help your reader find text and image based information.

As a tauira with study at certificate Level 4, diploma Level 5 and degree Levels 6 – 7, there is an expectation that you must learn and be competent with the following APA Referencing practice.

• Reference List Formatting

• In-text Citation

• Digital References Parts of a Kaimahi Rangahau

He kanohi - eyes He hinengaro - mind for seeing important clues in the that critically thinks about text and images   context and construction. He waha - mouth to verbally express information   He tāringa - ears for listening. He ringa - hands for gathering and grasping  information.  He ngākau - heart

taonga/toi information for connecting to information informants, books,  magazines, digital media.

Above image: Tāne mahuta [detail] by P. Harrison, 1998. In Walker, R., (2008) Tohunga whakairo: Paki Harrision – The story of a master carver, Auckland: Penguin, Plate 4.

APA Referencing Guide V.1 3 APA Referencing List Formats

APA style calls the list of books, periodicals, print and non-print materials at the end of your written assignment or power point – references. Here are some format examples … please pay attention to punctuation and font details, when typing or hand writing the information, so that it adheres to the APA format.

Books Citation

Book as a Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book. whole Place of publication: Publisher.

Mead, H. M. (2003). Tikanga Māori: Living by Māori values. Wellington, New Zealand: Huia Editions Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (Year). Title of book: Subtitle of book (# ed). Place of publication: Publisher.

Elsmore, B. (2011). Like them that dream: The Maori and the Old Testament (3rd ed.). Auckland, New Zea- land: Libro International.

Basley, G. (2009). Fun with APA referencing (Rev. ed.). Wellington, New Zealand: Reed. Edited Editor surname, Initial(s). (Ed.). Date of publication (Year). Title of book. Place of publication: book/ Publisher. complied work Kawharu, M. (Ed.). (2002). Whenua: Managing our resources. Auckland, New Zealand: Reed.

Webber, D. (Comp.). (1996). He paepae kōrero: Research perspectives in Māori education. Wellington, New Zealand: Council for Education Research.

Chapter or Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (Year). Title of article. part of a In Editor’s Initial. Surname (Ed.), Title (pp. #-#). Place of publication: Publisher. book Pihama, L., & Mara, D. (1994). Gender relations in education. In J. Marshall & L. Massey (Eds.), The politics of learning and teaching in Aotearoa – New Zealand (pp. 215-249). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press.

Book, no Title. Date of publication (Year). Place of publication: Publisher. author The church and the Māori 1808 – 1958. (1959). Wellington, New Zealand: Diocesan Māori Mission Committee. Book with Corporate Author. Date of publication (Year). Title of book. corporate Place of publication: Publisher. author Te Wānanga o Aotearoa. (2004). Te miro kaiako handbook 2004. Te Awamutu, New Zealand: Author.

APA Referencing Guide V.1 4 In-text Citation

What is in-text citation?

To ‘cite’ is to point to evidence, authority or proof.

To cite correctly you need to collect and assemble details of where your information came from, and note this in the body of your text. APA uses an author-date style.

In this style you put usually the name of the author (and or editor), the year the information was published and the page it was on, close to the quote or paraphrase.

Source Type Examples

Short quotations and paraphrases* “The concept of tika, or being correct, is a base principle that applies to all tikanga” (Mead, 2003, p. 25). Author(s), year published, page number(s) Mead (2003, p. 25) states, “the concept of tika, or being correct, is a base *Page numbers for paraphrases are principle that applies to all tikanga.” recommended but not compulsory.

Long quotations (40 or more words). Drawing an ...... and self-determination. (Te Whaiti, 2005, p. 3). No quotation marks, line space above and below, indented 1.3cm, full stop at end then citation.

Referring to another’s idea but not Ramarie (2000) believes that...... quoting or paraphrasing.

Author(s), date...... (Ramarie, 2000).

Source has no publication date. (Smith, n.d )

Quotations of online material with no ...... refers to the “positive relationship that providers have with page numbers. their principals” (Ministry of Social Development, n.d., “Final Selection”, para. 2). Use paragraph numbers if there, otherwise the section heading and the paragraph number after that in which the quotation appears. Two authors. Matiu and Mutu (2005) suggest......

Cite both names every time.

NB Use ‘and’ in the sentence. Use ‘&’ in ...... (Matiu & Mutu, 2005) parentheses. Three, four, or five authors. First citation: Bishop, Berryman, Richardson and Tiakiwai (2003) state that...... Identify all the first time you use the source. In subsequent references, include only the or:...... , (Bishop, Berryman, Richardson, & Tiakiwai, 2003). surname of the first author, followed by et Subsequent citation: Bishop et al (2003) state that...... al. or:...... , (Bishop et al, 2003).

Six or more authors. Pere et al (2004) suggest......

Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. In a recent study (Pere et al, 2004) it was suggested......

APA Referencing Guide V.1 5 Corporate author First citation:

If the author is a government agency or (Te Wānanga o Aotearoa [TWOA], 2004) other corporate organisation with a long name, spell out the name the first time it is used, followed by an abbreviation in Subsequent citations: (TWOA, 2004) brackets and the year.

In subsequent references, just use the abbreviation and the year.

No author or editor (The Church and the Māori, 1958)......

For works with no author, cite the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the (“Parents Should Exercise Controls”, 2007) title) and the year.

NB: When referring to titles in text, capitalise all words except for conjunctions (and, but), articles (a, an, the), and short prepositions (in, by, for, of) of three letters or less. Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter, and italicise the title of a periodical, book, brochure, or report. Personal communications K. Mihaere (personal communication, June 23, 2008) defines………

Letters, e-mail, personal interviews, telephone calls, etc are cited in-text only. (M. Devery, personal communication, June 12, 2008) As they do not provide recoverable data, they are not included in the reference list. Secondary sources Smith’s study in 1980 (as cited in Tauroa, 2003)......

Referring to an author (primary reference) Or read about in another publication Smith in his study (as cited in Tauroa, 2003)...... (secondary reference). Or The secondary source only goes in the reference list. “...... “ (Smith, as cited in Tauroa, 2003, p. 71)

As in the example, if Smith’s work is cited Or in Tauroa’s work and you did not read Tauroa (2003, p. 71), in reporting Smith’s study, states “...... ”. Smith’s work, list the Tauroa reference in the reference list.

NB: Try to locate the primary source if possible. Artwork [Figure caption]

A copy in your work must have a caption followed by a copyright statement.

Figure 2. Kete by E Puketapu-Hetet, 1979. Copyright 2004 by the Museum of New Zealand. Te Papa Tongarewa.

APA Referencing Guide V.1 6

Artwork [In-text citation] Erenora Puketapu-Hetet uses this technique in Kete (1979).

Referring to a work in your text.

See p.7 for how this citation will appear in the reference list.

NZ Acts of Parliament The Health and Safety at Work Act (2015) specifies…….

Theses Citation

Master’s thesis Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title. Unpublished master’s thesis, University, Place.

Raureti, R. (2000). Te Kura Maori o Matata = Matata Native School: 1872- 1969: Untold stories. Unpublished master’s thesis. University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. PhD thesis Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University, Place.

Pohatu, G. H. (1998). The university, Māori studies and treaty praxis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Articles in journals, magazines, Citation newsletters etc... With author/s Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), pp-pp.

Sharples, P. (1989). Kura kaupapa Māori. Access, 8 (1), 28-43. No author Title. Date of publication (YYYY). Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), pp-pp. Online usually in a database with DOI Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title of (see p.12) article. Title of Journal, Volume (Issue), pp-pp. doi: DOI

Hall, N., Hornby, G., & Macfarlane, S. (2015). Enabling school engagement for Māori families in New Zealand. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 24(10), 3038-3046. doi:10.1007/s10826-014-0107-1 Online without DOI Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume (Issue), pp-pp. Retrieved from Use the publisher’s home page URL or omit URL retrieval statement. Check with you tutor. Muriwai, E., Houkamau, C. A., & Sibley, C. G. (2015). Culture as cure? The protective function of Māori cultural efficacy on psychological distress.New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 44 (2), 14-24. Retrieved from http://www. psychology.org.nz/ Articles in newspapers Citation

Newspaper story - author Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY, Month date). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, p. #.

Taylor, C., & Devine, R. (2004, June 30). Council to fight Māori over water supply. The Daily Post, p. 1. Newspaper story - no author Title. (YYYY, Month date). Title of Newspaper, p. #.

Air NZ filled more seats in May (2004, July 1). The Daily Post, p.8.

APA Referencing Guide V.1 7

Newspaper story - no author - online Title. Date of publication (YYYY, Month date). Title of Newspaper. version Retrieved from URL.

Defiant Saddam calls Bush the ‘real criminal’. (2004, July 1). The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from http://www.nzherald.co.nz/ Artwork Citation

From the web Artist surname, Initial(s). Year of production (YYYY). Title of work [type of artwork, medium and dimensions]. Retrieved from URL.

Puketapu-Hetet, E. (1979). Kete [Muka,dye bag, 300 x 240mm]. Retrieved from http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/objectdetails. aspx?oid=63836&term=kete Physically sighted [published] Artist surname, Initial(s). Year of production (YYYY). Title of work [type of artwork, medium and dimensions]. Place of exhibition: Building.

Puketapu-Hetet, E. (1979). Kete [Muka, dye bag, 300 x 240mm]. Wellington, New Zealand: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Sources on the Web. Citation NB: Rules regarding authors are as above.

Information on a web page – usually Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title of likely to be changed/updated so needs a article or section. Retrieved Month date, YYYY, from URL retrieval date. Ministry of Social Development. (n.d.). The five-year action plan for out of school services. Retrieved November 11, 2009, from http://www.msd.govt. nz/about-msd-and-our-work/work-programmes/policy-development/out-of- school-services/index.html Website document eg. a report Author surname, Initial(s). Date of publication (YYYY). Title of document. Retrieved from URL

Bishop, R., Berryman, Tiakiwai S., & Richard, C. (2003). Te kotahitanga: The experiences of year 9 and 10 Māori students in mainstream classrooms. Retrieved from http://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/publications/ series/9977/5375 You Tube Video Author, A. A. [Screen name]. Date of publication (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx

Moyle, P. [paora moyle]. (2016, September 29). Cultural competency to work with Maori? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=aNo8AnR8wOw NZ Acts Citation

NZ Acts of Parliament Name of Act, No. ##, year enacted (YYYY).

Health and Safety at Work Act, No. 70, 2015.

APA Referencing Guide V.1 8 APA Referencing Help

You may find that the above examples do not always reflect exactly the details of a source that you need to cite. In this case, you can:

• Adapt a format remembering the basic rules and that the reader needs enough information to find the source;

• Consult the Publication Manual of the Psychological Association (6th ed.);

• Consult your Tutor; Library staff; Student Support advisors

• Use one of the following links for help. http://www.apastyle.org http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-style.php

Digital Object Identifier

A digital object identifier (or, DOI) is a permanent identifier given to a document, which is not related to its current location. A typical use of a DOI is to give a scientific paper or article a unique identifying number that can be used by anyone to locate details of the paper, and possibly an electronic copy. In this way it functions as a permalink. Unlike the URL system used on the Internet for web pages, the DOI does not change over time, even if the article is relocated (provided the DOI resolution system is updated when the change of location is made). (Wikipedia)

According to APA referencing style if a digital article has a DOI, its DOI is used instead of a URL. eg. Vazsonyi, A. T., & Keily, M. K. (2007). Normative developmental trajectories of aggressive behaviours in African Amer- ican, American Indian, Asian American, Caucasian, and Hispanic children and early adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(6), 1047-1063. doi: 10.1007/s10802-007-9154-z

To locate the article or its details you can either put dx.doi.org/ in front of the DOI in the address bar of your Web browser.

NB :Using a DOI you have got from a database that is not freely available (access is with a paid subscription) will not lead you back to that particular Web location. Its function is to provide you with enough information to get the article. eg. dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9154-z or go to one of these websites http://dx.doi.org/ or www.crossref.org/ and use their DOI resolver.

Suggestions

Find the above article in the TWOA Library’s EBSCO host database user name: twoanz password: twoanz

Then use its DOI in the 3 ways given to see how the system works. If you need help contact TWoA Library staff.

APA Referencing Guide V.1