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NORDISKE-2-2020-WEB.Pdf 2 – APRIL 2020 Meget mere NORDEN Adam Price: Jeg er stolt af vores progressive lighedskultur, som giver lige ret til sundhed og uddannelse. Folk tror, det er løgn, når jeg fortæller det ude i verden Brexit kræver nordisk samling i EU Det er et samlet rigsfællesskab af Dan- De samfund, vi har opbygget, er – set alle de nordiske lande til en drøftelse mark, Færøerne og Grønland, der står udefra – ens på alle vigtige områder: af, hvordan vi i Norden håndterer den bag formandskabet for de nordiske re- folkestyre, social velfærd, uddannelse nye situation, som vi i de kommende geringers samarbejde i Norden i år. og dannelse, arbejdsmarkedsstruk- måneder og år står overfor, og bliver Formandskabsprogrammet er visio- tur, kulturelt syn. Og internationalt enige om, hvordan vi sammen håndte- nært – og i høj grad præget af de mær- arbejder vi på de samme vigtige dags- rer den nye udfordring indadtil og i for- kesager, som Foreningen NORDEN har ordener: menneskerettigheder, grøn hold til den europæiske udvikling. fremført gennem de senere år: Vi skal omstilling og de verdensmål, som FN – Det vil gavne alle de nordiske lande! styrke fællesskabet i Norden indadtil, med stor indsats fra de nordiske lande og vi skal bruge den indre styrke til – har vedtaget. Marion Pedersen, samlet at præge udviklingen udadtil. Af og til ser det ud som om vi inden konstitueret landsformand for Norden er mere optaget af forskel- http://bit.ly/danmarksprogram lene mellem vore lande, i stedet for at Norden skal være verdens mest inte- udnytte det fællesskab, som vi har fået grerede region, for i en verden, hvor opbygget gennem de seneste 100 år. det internationale samarbejde bliver Vi skal bruge vores fællesskab, og mere nødvendigt, er det vigtigt, at Nor- i fællesskab skal vi påvirke både den den spiller sammen for at blive hørt. Vi europæiske og den globale dagsorden. skal udnytte den kraft, der ligger i, at Et stort skridt kunne være at satse vi ligner hinanden. Forskellene mellem meget mere intensivt på en fælles op- de nordiske folk er ikke større, end de træden i EU. Alle vores nordiske lande folkelige forskelle i selvstændige lan- er påvirket af udviklingen – ikke mindst de som Storbritannien, Spanien, Itali- nu, hvor Brexit er en realitet. en eller mindre lande som Belgien og Min opfordring er, at formandskabet Schweiz. meget hurtigt tager skridt til at samle NORDISKE – foreningens magasin ISSN: 0901-4950. Redaktion: Esben Ørberg, ansvarshavende redaktør, Tryk: Rosendahls a/s. Telefon: 27 25 80 40, [email protected]. Forsidefoto: Adam Price. Interview side 6. Foreningen NORDEN Foto: Max Lindhardt, Ritzau/Scanpix. Vandkunsten 12, Grafisk tilrettelæggelse: 1467 København K. Pia Alø Visser, Rosendahls a/s. Medlemskab: Du bliver medlem for 295,- Telefon: 35 42 63 25, om året, 390,- for en husstand, 195,- for mail: [email protected], Annoncesalg: pensionist og 240,- for pensionistpar. www.foreningen-norden.dk Rosendahl Mediaservice, Niels Hass, [email protected], Skriv til os. Se vores adresse til venstre Landsformand: Marion Pedersen, kst. Telefon: 76 10 11 56. her på siden. Eller meld dig direkte ind: Generalsekretær: Peter Jon Larsen http://foreningen-norden.dk/ NORDISKE udkommer i januar, april, medlemsformer-og-kontingenter/ Protektor: juni og oktober. Hendes Majestæt Dronning Margrethe II Næste nummer udkommer 12. juni 2020 2 April – 2020 Michael Ejstrup er specialkonsulent for Folketingets Administration. Han har i sin karriere beskæftiget sig med sproget i flere forskellige sammenhænge og har undersøgt alt lige fra journalisters stavefejl, til dialekter, nordiske sprog og komma- sætning. Sidste år udkom han med sin bog ’Ordet fanger’, hvor han gen- nemgår de væsentligste værktøjer til at blive en vellykket taler. Samtidig præsenterer han konkrete eksem- pler på, hvordan vi nogle gange rammer ved siden af i forsøget på at videreformidle en tekst eller tanke. I bogen giver Ejstrup opskriften på, hvordan du bedst gør brug af retorikken i professionelle sammen- hænge, hvad enten du skal sælge, motivere dine medmennesker eller holde tale for en forventningsfuld forsamling. Sproget samler Norden Den nordiske sprogstamme har masser af fælles kendemærker. Men alligevel har mange af os svært ved - sådan da at forstå hinanden. Mød en kender af nordiske sprog, som mener, at der skal en politisk beslutning til, hvis vi for alvor skal lære at forstå hinanden i Norden. - Giver vi børn noget andet, bare fordi de ikke kan Han erkender, at det er et politisk spørgsmål, at li’ sovsen? Nej, vel! Det samme burde gælde vores få os til at blive bedre til at forstå hinanden i Nor- sprog i Norden, som tv bør holde op med at tekste. den. Så skal vi nok lære det! Det er en uskik at tekste - Det er helt galt med danskere og svenskere nordiske sprog i Norden! indbyrdes. De gider ikke forstå hinanden, hvorimod Sådan lyder det fra ekspert i nordiske sprog, Mi- nordmændene langt bedre kan forstå dansk og chael Ejstrup, cand. mag., ph.d., sprogkonsulent i svensk, end vi andre forstår norsk. Det er direkte Folketinget og tidligere forskningschef i sprog ved træls at være sammen med danskere i Norge og Danmarks Medie- og Journalisthøjskole. Sverige, fordi danskerne enten nægter at gøre sig April – 2020 3 den anstrengelse at forstå sproget – eller slår over i engelsk. Ejstrup er i særkende ekspert i dialekter, og mange læsere vil have hørt ham i radioen eller ved foredrag, når han tager lytterne på tur gennem dia- lekternes Danmark. - Danske dialekter er der i øvrigt også en del danskere som påstår, at de ikke forstår. Nok mest fordi de ikke vil. For når danskere forklarer, hvad de ikke forstod, høres det ofte, at de da udmærket forstod. Det er måske det samme, der gør sig gæl- dende i forhold til de nordiske sprog. Danskerne vil ikke forstå. Tre grundlæggende fornødenheder Ejstrups fascination af sprog skyldes bl.a., at sprog er så basal en livsfornødenhed for mennesker. - Vi mennesker har tre basale behov, som følges ad: byggeskikke, madskikke – og sprog. Vi arver disse kulturer fra dem, vi er nærmeste og bedste venner med. Derfor ligner vi hinanden så meget i Norden. - Sprogligt er der virkelig mange samlende ele- menter. Tag bare stedordene han, hun, den og det. De er ens i Norden og bøjes næsten ens. Mange andre sprog har blot ét samlende stedord, f.eks. tyrkisk, eller to-tre samlende stedord som i de ro- manske sprog. - Et endnu større nordisk kendemærke er, at navneord har bestemthedsendelsen bagefter. Kat- ten. Kun i Sønderjylland og Vestjylland rykker det bestemte kendeord på et tidspunkt op foran. Æ kat. takten med andre er hyppig, og så sker der udvik- Det skyldes påvirkningen fra andre sprogstammer. ling – også sprogligt. Vestjyderne havde ikke megen kontakt over land, turen tværs over Jylland var nærmest uoverkom- Hvad er en flyvefreja? melig, hvorimod kontakten over vand til England - Helt anderledes er det på Island. I mange hundre- var tættere og hyppigere. Sønderjyderne levede en de år kom der kun få gæster. Islændingene var ladt omtumlet tilværelse med stærk påvirkning fra fri- alene, og sproget udviklede sig ikke meget. Så- sere, hollændere og tyskere. Disse landsdele arver dan er det ikke længere. Forandringerne begynd- sprog og kultur, og som konsekvens flytter man en te med Keflavik-basen og i dag er islændingene hel grammatisk betegnelse hen foran. Anderledes modstandere af alle de nye ord og bøjningsformer, i Vendsyssel. Herfra sejler man mod nord og øst – som følger med radio, tv, nettet, rejser og virkelig og får gæster derfra. mange gæster. De hæger om sagaerne med deres - Dansk er det nordiske sprog, som er mest på- vandmasser og jordskælv og ødelæggelser. Hvis virket af gæster. Vi har mange gæster, fordi vi lig- sproget flytter sig, kan børnene ikke læse sagaer- ger centralt mellem Norden og det øvrige Europa. ne. Derfor kalder de en garage for et bilskur og en Og vi har en høj befolkningstæthed, hvorved kon- stewardesse for en flyvefreja. 4 April – 2020 Sprog og identitet er under pres i dag, hvor vi rejser verden rundt, digitaliserer alt – og æder alt, lyder det fra Ejstrup, som er leder af et nyt stort projekt om sprog og identitet, som Nordea-fonden har støttet med fire millioner kroner. Billedet er fra februar i Aarhus, hvor projek- tet blev skudt i gang, bl.a. med ordkunstne- ren Per Vers. Læs mere: www.sommansiger.nu Ifølge Michael Ejstrup er nordmændene heller - Nej, dertil har de nordiske lande opnået alt for ikke så vældig glade for, at der kommer nye uden- stor suverænitet med alt fra egen statsminister, landske ord ind i sproget. egen hær til egen finanslov. Vi kørte i mange hund- - Når der sniger sig nye ord og betegnelser ind, rede år på samme landevej rent sprogligt, men vil nordmændene hellere bruge gamle nordiske påvirkningerne udefra har gjort en ende på den ord. Her tror jeg, at en del af forklaringen skyldes, fælles kilde, selvom sprogenes grundmodel ikke er at det kun er 150 år siden at nordmændene slap antastet. Eksempelvis er ordenes rækkefølge efter af med de imperialistiske svenskere som koloni- hinanden stort set ens i Norden og vores udsagns- magt. Som konsekvens heraf ville de have dansk ord kan bøjes i s-form. og svensk ud af deres liv og indførte nynorsk, som Den fælles sprogstamme og de mange fælles- minder mindst om dansk og svensk. træk er således for Michael Ejstrup rigeligt til, at vi bør kunne tale og forstå hinanden i Norden – hvis Næppe større sproglig samling vi ellers gider. Hvordan ser det da ud for de nordiske sprog i frem- eø tiden? Vil de blive mere ensartede? Her er Michael Ejstrup ret sikker i sin sag. April – 2020 5 Nordisk samarbejde er meget mere end stordriftsfordele - Når jeg ude i verden fortæller, at vi her i Norden betaler vores unge for at studere ved at give dem SU, lyder det What?? 6 April – 2020 Foto: Max Lindhardt, Ritzau/Scanpix.
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