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The Addis Ababa Agreement on the Problem of South Sudan
THE ADDIS ABABA AGREEMENT ON THE PROBLEM OF SOUTH SUDAN Draft Organic Law to organize Regional Self-Government in the Southern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan and in realization of the memorable May Revolution Declaration of June 9, 1969, granting the Southern Provinces of the Sudan Regional Self-Government within a united socialist Sudan, and in accordance with the principle of the May Revolution that the Sudanese people participate actively in and supervise the decentralized system of the government of their country, it is hereunder enacted: Article 1. This law shall be called the law for Regional Self-Government in the Southern Provinces. It shall come into force and a date within a period not exceeding thirty days from the date of Addis Ababa Agreement. Article 2. This law shall be issued as an organic law which cannot be amended except by a three- quarters majority of the People’s National Assembly and confirmed by a two-thirds majority in a referendum held in the three Southern Provinces of the Sudan. CHAPTER I: DEFINITIONS Article 3. a) ‘Constitution’ refers to the Republican Order No. 5 or any other basic law replacing or amending it. b) ‘President’ means the president of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan. c) ‘Southern Provinces of the Sudan’ means the Provinces of Bahr El Ghazal, Equatoria and Upper Nile in accordance with their boundaries as they stood January 1, 1956, and other areas that were culturally and geographically a part of the Southern Complex as may be decided by a referendum. -
The Late Neolithic Colonization of the Eastern Badia of Jordan
The Late Neolithic colonization of the Eastern Badia of Jordan 1 Gary Rollefson1, Yorke Rowan2 and Alexander Wasse Pioneering research by Betts and by Garrard in the eastern steppe and desert of Jordan demonstrated the presence of Late Neolithic (c. 7000–5000 cal BC) pastoral exploitation of this currently arid/hyper-arid region, but the scale of Late Neolithic presence in the area was difficult to assess from the reports of their surveys and excavations. Recent investigations by the Eastern Badia Archaeological Project at Wisad Pools and the Wadi al-Qattafi in the Black Desert have shown that conditions during the latter half of the 7th millennium and into the 6th, permitted substantial numbers of pastoralists to occupy substantial dwellings recurrently, in virtual village settings, for considerable amounts of time on a seasonal basis, relying heavily on the hunting of wild animals and perhaps practising opportunistic agriculture in addition to herding caprines. Keywords Late Neolithic, pastoralism, architecture, palaeoclimate, caprines Introduction The combination of high demands for farmland and The middle of the 8th millennium in the southern pasturage on unstable resources resulted in drastically Levant witnessed considerable turmoil: substantial reduced populations at some of the sites (e.g. ‘Ain 2numbers of Middle PPNB settlements in the Jordan Ghazal and Wadi Shu’eib) and the outright abandon- Valley and areas to the west were abandoned, and ment of other population centres. With population large numbers of people migrated to -
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation
The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation Lead Authors:∗ Tamara Gurevich and Peter Herman Contributing Authors: Nabil Abbyad, Meryem Demirkaya, Austin Drenski, Jeffrey Horowitz, and Grace Kenneally Version 1.00 Abstract This document provides technical documentation for the Dynamic Gravity dataset. The Dynamic Gravity dataset provides extensive country and country pair information for a total of 285 countries and territories, annually, between the years 1948 to 2016. This documentation extensively describes the methodology used for the creation of each variable and the information sources they are based on. Additionally, it provides a large collection of summary statistics to aid in the understanding of the resulting Dynamic Gravity dataset. This documentation is the result of ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and is solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. It is not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. It is circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, professional devel- opment of Office Staff and increase data transparency by encouraging outside professional critique of staff research. Please address all correspondence to [email protected] or [email protected]. ∗We thank Renato Barreda, Fernando Gracia, Nuhami Mandefro, and Richard Nugent for research assistance in completion of this project. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Nomenclature . .3 1.2 Variables Included in the Dataset . .3 1.3 Contents of the Documentation . .6 2 Country or Territory and Year Identifiers 6 2.1 Record Identifiers . -
Beyond Juba Building Consensus on Sustainable Peace in Uganda
Beyond Juba Building Consensus on Sustainable Peace in Uganda Why Being Able to Return Home Should be Part of Transitional Justice: Urban IDPs in Kampala and their quest for a Durable Solution Working Paper No. 2 March 2010 Beyond Juba A transitional justice project of the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, the Refugee Law Project and the Human Rights & Peace Centre and conflict-related issues in Uganda and is a direct response to the Juba peace talks between the Government of Uganda and the Lord’s Resistance Army. diff of society Development Agency (SIDA) and the Norwegian Embassy. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS neighbourhoods of Kireka-Banda (Acholi Quarters), Namuwongo and Naguru in Kampala. The research team consisted of Paulina Wyrzykowski and Benard Okot Kasozi. This paper was written by Paulina Wyrzykowski and Benard Okot Kasozi with valuable input from Dr. Chris Dolan. The authors are also grateful to Moses C. Okello for his assistance in the initial conceptualization and planning and to all the members of the urban Internally Displaced Persons communities who contributed their time and opinions to this research, and who were kind enough to share with us their personal and deeply moving experiences. Beyond Juba Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms ................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 3 Summary of Recommendations.... ....................................................................................3 -
West & Central Africa MPLS Offer
London PoP Fuchsstadt PoP France Italy Marseille Washington DC Mountainside Portugal Israel PoP West & Mauritania Mumba Mali Niger Chad Central Senegal Gambia Burkina Faso Guinea Nigeria Bissau Guinea Djibouti Ghana Benin Sierra Ivory Coast Abuja Africa Leon Togo South Liberia Sudan Accra Cameroon CAR Lagos Limbe Juba MPLS Lome Somalia Equational Guinea Kampala Kenya Gabon Congo Uganda Kinshasa Offer DRC Tanzania Fiber/MPLS PoP WACS TGN Domestic Cloud Services ACE Tamares Fully redundant MPLS offering for West & Central Africa Angola Satellite Teleport EIG MedNautilus Lusaka Malawi Zambia High availability forO3b Teleport critical applicationsEASSY is theSAT3 heart of all enterprises connectivity. Mozambique Gilat Telecom’s MPLSJoint Fiber/MPLS West PoP & CentralTerrestrial Network Africa network,GLO is the Namibiaperfect solutionZimbabwe that promises 100% uptime. Botswana Johannesburg Maputo South African data stays in Africa Africa Mtunzini By deploying local MPLS nodes in main cities in west Africa, andCape Town connecting them Durban to each other, all data stays in West and central Africa. In addition, we optimize your data delivery – no data is transferred to Europe in order to travel back, promising lowest latency. MPLS networks supported by the top MPLS telecom operators in the region We have combined our resources with Africa’s leading MPLS operators to provide secure and reliable coverage across the entire West and Central Africa. Main features of Gilat Telecom’s West and Central Africa MPLS offering: • Use of multiple submarine -
Global Suicide Rates and Climatic Temperature
SocArXiv Preprint: May 25, 2020 Global Suicide Rates and Climatic Temperature Yusuke Arima1* [email protected] Hideki Kikumoto2 [email protected] ABSTRACT Global suicide rates vary by country1, yet the cause of this variability has not yet been explained satisfactorily2,3. In this study, we analyzed averaged suicide rates4 and annual mean temperature in the early 21st century for 183 countries worldwide, and our results suggest that suicide rates vary with climatic temperature. The lowest suicide rates were found for countries with annual mean temperatures of approximately 20 °C. The correlation suicide rate and temperature is much stronger at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures. In the countries with higher temperature, high suicide rates appear with its temperature over about 25 °C. We also investigated the variation in suicide rates with climate based on the Köppen–Geiger climate classification5, and found suicide rates to be low in countries in dry zones regardless of annual mean temperature. Moreover, there were distinct trends in the suicide rates in island countries. Considering these complicating factors, a clear relationship between suicide rates and temperature is evident, for both hot and cold climate zones, in our dataset. Finally, low suicide rates are typically found in countries with annual mean temperatures within the established human thermal comfort range. This suggests that climatic temperature may affect suicide rates globally by effecting either hot or cold thermal stress on the human body. KEYWORDS Suicide rate, Climatic temperature, Human thermal comfort, Köppen–Geiger climate classification Affiliation: 1 Department of Architecture, Polytechnic University of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. -
Las Islas Atlánticas De La Púrpura (Plinio, NH. VI, 201). Un Estado De La Cuestión Anuario De Estudios Atlánticos, Núm
Anuario de Estudios Atlánticos ISSN: 0570-4065 [email protected] Cabildo de Gran Canaria España GOZALBES CRAVIOTO, ENRIQUE Las Islas Atlánticas de la Púrpura (Plinio, NH. VI, 201). Un estado de la cuestión Anuario de Estudios Atlánticos, núm. 53, 2007, pp. 273-296 Cabildo de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=274420604007 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto 68 LAS ISLAS ATLÁNTICAS DE LA PÚRPURA (PLINIO, NH. VI, 201). UN ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN LAS ISLAS ATLÁNTICAS DE LA PÚRPURA (PLINIO, NH. VI, 201). UN ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN P O R ENRIQUE GOZALBES CRAVIOTO RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se estudia el problema suscitado por un texto de Plinio referido a las fábricas de púrpura que el rey Iuba II estableció en unas islas del Atlántico. Se defiende una vez más la identificación de estas islas de la Púrpura con Mogador, en la costa de Marruecos. Palabras clave: púrpura, islas atlánticas, economía romana. ABSTRACT The present work analyzes a text of Pliny referred to the purple factories that king Iuba II settled down in islands of the Atlantic. The identification of these islands of the Purple (insulae Purpurariae) with Mogador is defended once again, in the coast of Morocco. Key words: Atlantic purple, islands, Roman economy. La mención de Plinio el enciclopedista acerca de la existen- cia en el Atlántico de unas islas de la Púrpura ha atraído la atención de los investigadores en momentos diversos. -
Astrobio Novel 5 Firstedition Hir
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Issue #5 Produced by the NASA Astrobiology Program to commemorate 50 years of Exobiology and Astrobiology at NASA. www.nasa.gov PB 1 Astrobiology A History of Exobiology and Astrobiology at NASA This is the story of life in the Universe—or at least the story as we know it so far. As scientists, we strive to understand the environment in which we live and how life re- lates to this environment. As astrobiologists, we study an environment that includes not just the Earth, but the entire Universe in which we live. The year 2010 marked 50 years of Exobiology and Astrobiology research at the Na- tional Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). To celebrate, the Astrobiology Program commissioned this graphic history. It tells the story of some of the most important people and events that have shaped the science of Exobiology and Astro- biology. At just over 50 years old, this field is relatively young. However, as you will see, the questions that astrobiologists are trying to answer are as old as humankind. Concept & Story Mary Voytek Linda Billings Aaron L. Gronstal Artwork Aaron L. Gronstal Script Aaron L. Gronstal Editor Linda Billings Layout Aaron L. Gronstal Copyright 2015, NASA Astrobiology Program First edition printed in 2015 Issue #5—Astrobiology and the Earth The year 2010 marked the 50th anniversary of NASA’s Exobiology Program, estab- lished in 1960 and expanded into a broader Astrobiology Program in the 1990s. To commemorate the past half century of research, we are telling the story of how this field developed and how the search for life elsewhere became a key compo- nent of NASA’s science strategy for exploring space. -
Al-Wadi Al-Jaded (New Valley) Farafra Oasis White Desert
Al-Wadi Al-Jaded (New Valley) West of the Nile is the beautiful Western Desert. Not completely free of life though, there are several pockets of life and vegetation in the middle of this wasteland. The area was named by Jamal Abdul Nasser in 1958 when he initiated a project to cultivate the Western Desert and have people move there to reduce the pressure on the Nile valley. It remains to this day the largest governorate in Egypt and the least populated. Farafra Oasis South from Bahariya Oasis, the road to Farafra Oasis is not a disappointment. The landscape dramatically changes from the unearthly volcanic mounds of the Black Desert to the snow-like ergs and mushroom formations of the White Desert. White desert The White Desert between Farafra and Bahariya Oases, Western Desert The White Desert covers an area of 300 km2, and it is important to be seen on any desert safari. At its entrance there’s Crystal Mountain, a ridge that is entirely composed of quartz crystals. Another attraction in Farafra is the Jara Cave with its 9,000 year old drawings, a massive cave that contains prehistoric rock art. Most of the engravings depict big Game hunts and everyday life. It was discovered by Gerhard Rolfs in 1873, only to be forgotten and rediscovered again by Carlo Bergmann in 1991. Other attractions include Badr Museum, a showcase for traditional oasis life; Qasr Al-Farafra, Farafra is only town with its mud-brick houses and Roman fortress; and the Bir Sitta Hot Springs. Dakhla Oasis About 250km southeast of Farafra is Dakhla Oasis. -
WFP Aviation Network Summary East and West Africa Region Version 1
WFP AVIATION GLOBAL PASSENGER AND LIGHT CARGO AIR SERVICES PROVISIONAL NETWORK SUMMARY EAST AND WEST AFRICA 01-15 MAY 2020 April 2020 WFP Aviation Global Passenger and Light Cargo Air Services NETWORK SUMMARY Contents General ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 Long-Haul and Inter-Hub Network .............................................................................................................. 3 East Africa Region Network ........................................................................................................................... 5 West Africa Region Network ......................................................................................................................... 7 April 2020 Page 2 WFP Aviation Global Passenger and Light Cargo Air Services NETWORK SUMMARY General Current document summarizes WFP established Global Passenger Air Service Networks in the following regions: long-hail and inter-hub, East Africa and West Africa. Each region contains detail contact information for reference purposes. Detailed provisional flight schedules are annexed to the current document in excel file. Flight schedules are valid for a period of two weeks and are continuously being reviewed in accordance with the humanitarian and health workers travel requirements. The flights schedule validity is indicated on each schedule. Flight schedules are subject to operational changes that will be promptly -
Geologic Map of Colorado National Monument and Adjacent Areas, Mesa County, Colorado
Geologic Map of Colorado National Monument and Adjacent Areas, Mesa County, Colorado By Robert B. Scott,1 Anne E. Harding,1 William C. Hood,2 Rex D. Cole,3 Richard F. Livaccari,3 James B. Johnson,3 Ralph R. Shroba,1 and Robert P. Dickerson 1 Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Colorado National Monument Assoc iation Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series 1-2740 2001 1U .S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225 2515 Dove Court, Grand Junction, CO 81503 3Department of Physical and Envi ronmental Sciences, Mesa State College, Grand Junction, CO 81502 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey '"' ___ -·- . ' . -·~ ~-·-·- - .... ~ ~ . .,_ . .. _.. --- . - .... ~ . .. ... _... Contents ~~.fst~t:.~.r.~ ....::ff-1@;;.·~~~/'-~~tiL'·;-~:C' ... _;-;<f;:~~t~~~ .. !t.;.'!'J.~t:~..,.l'... ~..... -;;.~ ........."" ·. .. ·,.--..,¢ ~· :~ ~· ·'f,.v~~ ....... ,~:;~..,~---.A:~*' Description of map units................................................................ .......................................... .......... ...................................................... 1 Introdu ction ... ..... ... ... .. .. ... .. .. .... ........ ... ... ........ .... .... .. ............ ... .... ... .............. .. ... ..... .. .......... ..... ........... ... ..... ...... ... .. ... .... ... .... .... ............ 1 Surfi cial un its .. ... .. ........ ........... .... ....... ...... ........................ ... ... .... .. .. ........ .. .... .... .. ... ....... .. ... .... .. ...... .. .. ... .. ....... ..... -
Supplementary Material Barriers and Facilitators to Pre-Exposure
Sexual Health, 2021, 18, 130–39 © CSIRO 2021 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH20175_AC Supplementary Material Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis among A frican migr ants in high income countries: a systematic review Chido MwatururaA,B,H, Michael TraegerC,D, Christopher LemohE, Mark StooveC,D, Brian PriceA, Alison CoelhoF, Masha MikolaF, Kathleen E. RyanA,D and Edwina WrightA,D,G ADepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash Un iversity, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. BMelbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. CSchool of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. DBurnet Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. EMonash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vi, Auc. stralia. FCentre for Culture, Ethnicity & Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. GPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. HCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] File S1 Appendix 1: Syntax Usedr Dat fo abase Searches Appendix 2: Table of Excluded Studies ( n=58) and Reasons for Exclusion Appendix 3: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative Studies Using the ‘ Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies’ (39) Appendix 4: Critical Appraisal of Qualitative Studies U sing a modified ‘CASP Qualitative C hecklist’ (37) Appendix 5: List of Abbreviations Sexual Health © CSIRO 2021 https://doi.org/10.1071/SH20175_AC Appendix 1: Syntax Used for Database