THE RYAN PINETUM HAVERFORD COLLEGE ARBORETUM | 1 Touring the Ryan Pinetum In the Ryan Pinetum, more than 300 trees are labeled with the common, scientific, and family names of each, as well as native habitat and identification codes. As you enter the Pinetum, numbered markers on posts will lead you to 15 areas of specific interest. WELCOME to The Pinetum is also home to most of Haverford’s The Ryan Pinetum State Champion trees (see below), indicated by gold labels. Both the selected conifers with numbered posts and the State Champions are indicated on your The area’s largest and finest collection of mature map; descriptions follow in the brochure. The State conifers is one of our 216-acre Arboretum’s special Champions are listed in the approximate order you features. This guide explains the nature and history of will encounter them as you follow the numbered tree the collection and highlights 23 trees that call the Ryan tour. Pinetum home. What Is a Pinetum? A pinetum (pronounced py-NEE-dem) is a scientific collection of living conifers. State Champions What Is a Conifer? The Haverford College Arboretum boasts nine State Conifers are gymnosperms. They are cone-bearing Champions, eight of which may be found in or near seed plants with vascular tissue. All living conifers the Ryan Pinetum. Champion trees are determined are woody plants and most are trees. Conifers have by a point system based on three measurements. One needle-like or scale-like leaves that are typically (but point is given for each inch of the tree’s circumference not always) evergreen. Conifers are all in the scientific measured at a height of 4½ feet, one point is given for order Pinales. Examples include cedars, cypresses, firs, each foot of the tree’s height, and a quarter point is junipers, larches, pines, redwoods, spruces, and yews. given for each foot of crown spread. The largest known measured specimen of its genus and species becomes Tree Families State Champion. See a current list of champions and Botanists have classified conifers into seven families— other large trees in Pennsylvania at pabigtrees.com. five of which are represented in the Ryan Pinetum. • Cephalotaxaceae: Plum yew (Cephalotaxus) PINE SPRUCE Japanese white pine, Sakhalin spruce, Picea glehnii • Cupressaceae: Falsecypress (Chamaecyparis), Juniper Pinus parviflora Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis (Juniperus), Arborvitae (Thuja), and Leyland cypress Black spruce, Picea mariana FIR Siberian spruce, Picea obovata (x Cupressocyparis) Shensi fir, Abies chensiensis Farges fir, Abies fargesii FALSECYPRESS • Pinaceae: Fir (Abies), Cedar (Cedrus), Larch Hinoki falsecypress, (Larix), Spruce (Picea), Pine (Pinus), Golden-larch Chamaecyparis obtusa (Pseudolarix), Douglas fir(Pseudotsuga) and Hemlock (Tsuga) NOTE: OAK State Champions are Willow oak, Quercus phellos • Taxodiaceae: Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria), China-fir marked by gold-colored (Cunninghamia), Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron), and labels in this guide and Baldcypress (Taxodium) on the trees. • Taxaceae: Yew (Taxus) Two other families flourish primarily in the southern hemisphere. 2 HAVERFORD COLLEGE ARBORETUM | 1 THE RYAN PINETUM at Haverford College NATURE TRAIL HEAD PINETUM ENTRANCE 1. ATLAS CEDAR ▲ 9. AMERICAN ARBORVITAE ▲ 2. DAWN REDWOOD ▲ 10. JAPANESE WHITE PINE ▲ 3. JAPANESE CEDAR ▲ 11. LOBLOLLY PINE ▲ 4. CHINA-FIR ▲ 12. ORIENTAL SPRUCE ▲ 5. JAPANESE UMBRELLA PINE ▲ 13. CAROLINA HEMLOCK ▲ 6. BALDCYPRESS ▲ 14. DOUGLAS FIR ▲ 7. JAPANESE LARCH ▲ 15. WHITE FIR ▲ 8. HINOKI FALSECYPRESS ▲ STATE CHAMPIONS SELECTED CONIFERS 2 HAVERFORD COLLEGE ARBORETUM | 3 SELECT CONIFERS OF THE RYAN PINETUM Summer/Winter #2 DAWN REDWOOD ▲ METASEQUOIA GLYPTOSTROBOIDES CYPRESS FAMILY, CUPRESSACEAE This fast-growing, deciduous conifer was known only by fossil records before being discovered growing in China in 1941. It is handsome both as a single specimen and in groupings as you see here. The needles turn bronze in the fall, then drop off, only to emerge in new clusters of bright green the next spring. The shape stays pyramidal, and the bark becomes dark and fissured with age. #1 #3 ATLAS CEDAR ▲ JAPANESE CEDAR ▲ CEDRUS ATLANTICA CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE BALDCYPRESS FAMILY, TAXODIACEAE Straggly when young, this tree matures into a The dense pyramidal form of the Japanese cedar can picturesque and grand silhouette up to 60 feet tall and reach 80 feet tall but only 25 feet wide. Its fragrant 40 feet wide. The 3-inch long cones are egg-shaped wood is used in Japan for construction and furniture. and sit upright on branches. Native to North Africa, it The many cultivars available are superior to the is a tree for large properties. straight species, which tends to retain dead foliage. 4 HAVERFORD COLLEGE ARBORETUM | 5 Summer/Winter #4 #6 CHINA-FIR ▲ BALDCYPRESS ▲ CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA TAXODIUM DISTICHUM ’CHANSON’S GIFT’ CYPRESS FAMILY, CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY, CUPRESSACEAE This native tree is one of only a few deciduous conifers, Despite its common name, the China-fir is related to shedding its needles each fall after they turn from the yew, not the fir. It has large, flat needles, pendulous green to bronze. The tall and pyramidal-shaped tree branches, and cones that form at the branch tips. This grows well in wet locations, where it can develop cultivar is more compact and pyramidal in shape than protuberances or “knees” around the tree base. The the straight species. Baldcypress’ small, round cones are about one inch in diameter. Summer/Winter #5 #7 JAPANESE UMBRELLA PINE ▲ JAPANESE LARCH ▲ SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA LARIX KAEMPFERI PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE The Japanese Umbrella pine forms a dark green, very This native of Japan is considered the most beautiful dense pyramid and, unlike many conifers, retains its and fastest growing of the larches. The pyramidal lower branches. Look directly at the end of a branch shape with slender, pendulous branchlets appears quite to see how the needles are arranged in whorls and open when the needles turn golden and drop off in resemble the spokes of an umbrella. A slow grower, the fall. The three-quarter-inch cones have distinctive the tree can reach 20–30 feet. curled edges. 6 HAVERFORD COLLEGE ARBORETUM | 7 #8 #10 | STATE CHAMPION HINOKI FALSECYPRESS ▲ ▲ CHAMAECYPARIS OBTUSA JAPANESE WHITE PINE CYPRESS FAMILY, CUPRESSACEAE PINUS PARVIFLORA PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE Native to Japan, this evergreen conifer grows to 55’ TALL, 72’ SPREAD, AND A 98” CIRCUMFERENCE FOR 50–75 feet tall with a pyramidal shape. The crushed 171 POINTS foliage is aromatic and reddish brown bark will peel A conical tree that will grow to 50–70 feet tall in its on mature trees. native habitat, it is usually seen in the 20–40 feet range in cultivation. Needles (to three inches long) in bundles of five are an attractive green, with each See the State Champion specimen at the needle having an interior white stripe. Oval, reddish- entrance to Barclay Hall that faces Duck Pond. brown cones to four inches long. #11 #9 LOBLOLLY PINE ▲ AMERICAN ARBORVITAE ▲ PINUS TAEDA THUJA OCCIDENTALIS PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY, CUPRESSACEAE A fast-growing southern pine, whatever this tree This native evergreen is very common in the landscape lacks in beauty, it makes up for in its value as a because it is tough, grows in almost any soil, and is an timber source and its ability to grow in wet and poor excellent choice for foundation planting, groupings, and soils. The long needles grow in clusters of three, and hedges. The scale-like foliage is rich green in summer, the large cones have sharp spines on the tips. In its and yellowish green in winter. The tree is pyramidal in native habitat, the tree will grow up to 120 feet tall. shape, growing to about 40 feet tall and 15 feet wide. This far north, however, our specimen is one of the Oval cones grow up to one-half inch in diameter. largest in Pennsylvania. 8 HAVERFORD COLLEGE ARBORETUM | 9 #14 #12 DOUGLAS FIR ▲ ORIENTAL SPRUCE ▲ PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII PICEA ORIENTALIS PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE This tall, airy tree is native to the west coast where it Spruces grow in the cooler regions of the northern can reach 300 feet tall. In our area, a height of 80 feet hemisphere and can be identified by their dense, is more typical. The three inch cones have distinctive symmetrical form; pendulous branches and cones; and three-pronged bracts. The fir is named for the Scottish the woody peg at the base of each needle. The Oriental botanist David Douglas who introduced the seeds into spruce has very short, dark green needles and takes on cultivation in 1827, and for the naturalist Archibald a compact and narrow shape of more than 60 feet tall. Menzies who discovered the tree in 1793. The flat needles grow from one to one and one-half inches long. #15 WHITE FIR ▲ ABIES CONCOLOR #13 PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE CAROLINA HEMLOCK ▲ This is one of the few firs that thrive in our area, TSUGA CAROLINIANA reaching 50 feet tall and 20 feet wide, because of its PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE tolerance for heat and drought. In its native range of This hemlock, native to Virginia and further south, Colorado to Mexico, the tree can reach 160 feet tall. is not as well known as our Eastern hemlock, Tsuga The flat and bluish needles curving upward along the canadensis, but it will tolerate a wider range of growing branch make it easy to identify. The three- to four-inch conditions and pests. Its needles are darker and it grows long cones disintegrate on the tree and therefore are more slowly, with a more compact silhouette. rarely seen. 10 HAVERFORD COLLEGE ARBORETUM | 11 STATE CHAMPIONS OF THE RYAN PINETUM STATE CHAMPION SITKA SPRUCE ▲ STATE CHAMPION PICEA SITCHENSIS SHENSI FIR ▲ PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE ABIES CHENSIENSIS 46’ TALL, 51’ SPREAD, AND A 70” CIRCUMFERENCE FOR PINE FAMILY, PINACEAE 129 POINTS 78’ TALL, 78.5’ SPREAD, AND A 115” CIRCUMFERENCE FOR 210 POINTS.