JP-f'Scientific Excellence • Resource ProtectNittand

Fisheries Peches and Qceans et Ocean<, Promoting the Understanding, Conservation and Beneficial Use of Our National Aquatic Resources

Statement he people of have vested in the Minister of T Fisheries and Oceans the leadership for on Values understanding and conserving Canada's Aquatic Resources and facilitating their development and use, for the benefit of present and future generations.

As employees of Fisheries and Oceans:

Our Raison d'être: e strive to manage and protect these aquatic Wresources and facilitate their development and use Our Clients for the maximum benefit of the people of Canada — and their owners and users.

Our Approach: e seek and communicate knowledge and Wunderstanding to promote informed, confident and Knowledge and consultative decision-making which blends scientific and Consultation socio-economic consideration. Our Aim: e take pride in our world-class standard of Wexcellence and integrity in all we do and continually Excellence seek to improve the quality of our programs and services.

Our Strength: e recognize that the successful delivery of our Wprograms and services rests in the dedication and Our People enthusiasm of our departmental team who merit fair, honest and dignified treatment and recognition for their accomplishments.

Our Pride: e work together, with a common purpose, in an VII atmosphere of mutual respect, open Our Organization communications and accountability.

Fisheries Peches 1*1 and Oceans et Oceans CanadiS s minister of Fisheries and Oceans, lam particularly proud of the diversity found in this Department. The range of activities that DFO personnel are engaged in is broad, from oceanographic research and enforcement of fisheries regulations, to Aharbour management and hydrographic surveying. Our geographic locations are as diverse as our activities, from "sea to sea" in Canada and at the international level. The working environments of Fisheries and Oceans employees vary dramatically, from offices to field labs and patrol vessels. But despite DFO's diversity and complexity that are described in this Factbook, three corporate themes link the work of our employees nationwide: "Scientific Excellence, Resource Protection and Conservation, and Benefits to ".

Tom Siddon Minister Fisheries and Oceans DFO Factbook First Edition

Published by: Communications Directorate Department of Fisheries and Oceans , K1A 0E6

DFO/4155

© Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1989

Cat. No. Fs 23-143/1988

ISBN 0-662-56312-3 Research: Peter Robbins Employee Communications DFO Factbook contains information on the Department of Fisheries and Oceans' organization, responsibilities, activities, resources, clients, history, and other relevant facts. Designed primarily as an orientation guide for new employees, it also should serve as a useful departmental reference.

Information contained herein is designed to assist in a basic understanding of DFO and its many components. While full attention cannot be devoted to every departmental activity or area, DFO Factbook presents an overview of Fisheries and Oceans through a collection of facts, ranging from technical points and key statistics to items of departmental trivia and historical interest. Table of Contents Page Who We Are and What We Do Our Mandate 8 Our Work and Responsibilities 8 Our Organization 12 Our Regions 19 DFO 1989-90 Main Estimates 23 Our Resources Employees 26 Capital 27 Buildings and Facilities 27 Harbours and Vessels 29 Tools of the Trade 31 Other 32 Our Clients Our Raison d'etre: Our Clients 34 The Fisheries and Oceans Sectors in Profile 36 Our History Milestones 46 DFO Ministers 51 Deputy Ministers 53 Department's Name Changes 54 Did You Know? 55 For Your Information 59 For More Information 65

The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) is responsible for a wide range of activities which support Canada's economic, ecological and scientific interests in the oceans and inland waters. Providing for the conservation, development and sustained economic utilization of our nation's fisheries resources in Canadian waters and beyond, rests with DFO. Also entailed in DFO's mission is the coordination of the Government of Canada's policies and programs respecting oceans.

While other federal departments contribute Our Mandate to the management of Canada's water-based activities, Fisheries and Oceans is the only one whose primary focus is water and aquatic resources. The Minister of Fisheries and Oceans' duties, powers, and functions include: (a) all matters over which the has jurisdiction, not by law assigned to any other department, board or agency of the Government of Canada, relating to: • sea coast and inland fisheries; • fishing and recreational harbours; • hydrography and marine sciences; and • policy and program coordination of the Government of Canada respecting oceans; as well as (b) other matters over which the Parliament of Canada has jurisdiction relating to oceans which are by law assigned to the Minister.

In carrying out Fisheries and Oceans' Our Work and mandate, DFO personnel are engaged in Responsibilities diverse and challenging tasks and activities, working from coast to coast, including the Arctic, in various capacities. • The development and management of Canada's coastal and inland fisheries resources are founded on scientific research. Departmental scientists are heavily engaged in important studies, such as those of fish habitat, directed at conserving valuable living resources and enhancing their productivity. Allocation of these resources among Canadian and foreign fishing fleets primarily depends on "stock assessment," involving

• 8 • measurement of fish population, size and composition, and reproductive capacity. • For DFO, with support from its scientific team, conserving the fisheries resource and ensuring that Canadians receive maximum economic and social benefit from them, requires effective surveillance of domestic and foreign fishing activities within Canada's 200-mile fishing limit. Preventing over- exploitation and depletion of fish stocks is a high-priority responsibility, one which involves constant surveillance from land, sea and air and readiness to enforce rules when necessary. Not only are surveillance and enforcement important to the offshore and coastal fishery, but to the inland fishery as well, where fishery officers must watch for threats to habitat, violations of net or area, and survey the salmon streams and spawning grounds. • Quality and safety of domestic and imported fish and seafood products are the concerns of DFO fish inspectors who, whether in the lab or in the field, work to ensure that stringent national standards are met. They examine all aspects of Canada's fishery, including vessels, landings, facilities for unloading, handling and transportation, processing plants and finished products. • DFO employees involved in our scientific activities are ultimately engaged in devel- Surveillance aboard oping and communicating a better under- DFO patrol vessel standing of Canada's marine and freshwater

• 9 • environments. The scope of fisheries and aquatic scientific research covers a number of areas, from physical oceanography and limnology (studies in freshwater) to hydrographic surveying and charting. DFO science activities address pressing environmental issues of consequence to Canada's aquatic resources, including acid rain and the behaviour and effects of marine contaminants. • There is also an important international dimension to the DFO Science area, in- volving departmental interaction with other countries on matters of mutual scientific concern pertaining to such fields as oceanography. These are but samplings of DFO work. Departmental responsibilities span many other areas, including the administration of com- mercial fishing and recreational small craft harbours, fisheries economic development and marketing and initiatives in support of inter- national fisheries negotiations. Facts related to these and other DFO components are present throughout the Factbook. For more detailed information, employees should consult DFO's Priorities Handbook, Annual Report and Part III of the Main Estimates. DFO science: work in the lab

• 1 0 •

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Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation

Fisheries Prices Support Board

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RDG. RDG. Newfoundland Fundy DFO's organizational structure groups Our Organization operations into the following four discrete program elements or sectors to ensure that they are directed as national programs with clear and effective linkages to government priorities: • Science; • Atlantic Fisheries; • Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries; and • Inspection. Science, Atlantic Fisheries, and Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries are directed by ADMs, while Inspection is headed by the Senior ADM. In addition are: • International activities in fisheries and trade-related matters, directed by an ADM; and • Corporate Policy and Program Support, for which responsibility is shared between the Senior ADM, Corporate and Regulatory Management respon- sible for corporate and regulatory man- agement and capital assets management and the ADM, Policy and Program Planning responsible for policy and program planning.

Science Mandate: To ensure that the highest standard of scientific information is available to the Government of Canada for use in developing policies, regulations and legislation re- garding the oceans and aquatic life, and to other government departments, private industry and the public for use in planning and carrying out aquatic activities.

Science activities involve these sub-activities: Biological Sciences: including both short and long-term research on fish, invertebrates, marine mammals and plants, and ecosystems, which provides relevant information and advice crucial to Canadian fisheries management and development.

- 1 2 - At work on a hydrographic survey

Physical and Chemical Sciences: encompassing the study of the oceans' physical properties, processes and phenomena; beha- viour of organic and inorganic materials and their impact on fish and ecosystems; and pollu- tants. Data and advice are provided to clients in government and industry, including regulatory agencies. Ocean technology and instruments are developed and also transferred to the ocean industry. Hydrography: conducting bathymetric, tide and current sur- veys, and preparing and distributing naviga- tional charts, tide and current tables, sailing di- rections and related publications under the auspices of the Canadian Hydrographic Serv- ice. These activities promote and facilitate safer use of Canada's navigable waters.

Technological development is relevant to all of these Science activities, particularly in the areas of aquaculture and resource development, ocean sciences, and hydrography. Proven de- velopments are actively transferred to the Canadian oceans industry. Atlantic Fisheries • Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries Mandate: Both of these DFO sectors operate to conserve, protect, develop and enhance the fishery resource base and its habitat; provide for the management, allocation and control of the commercial, Native and recreational fisheries in marine and inland waters; maintain and develop benefits from the use of the resource; and provide relevant services.

DFO's Atlantic sector encompasses all federal fisheries and habitat management and develop- ment functions in the Atlantic Ocean sur- rounding Newfoundland, , , and Quebec, and the waters within and adjacent to Canada's 200-mile fisheries zone on the Atlantic coast, including the freshwater systems in all of those provinces except Quebec. In the province of Quebec, the provincial government exercises administrative responsibility over freshwater fisheries and over anadromous species (fish that migrate up-river from the sea to breed) such as salmon and catad romous (those that migrate from freshwater to the sea to breed) such as eels. DFO's Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries sector encompasses all federal fisheries and habitat management and development functions in the Pacific and Arctic oceans, , the Yukon and Northwest Territories and , Saskatchewan, and Ontario. The federal government retains direct management authority over the fisheries in the Yukon and Northwest Territories and the marine and anadromous salmon fisheries of British Columbia. In Canada's Prairie provinces and in Ontario, responsibility for the day-to-day management of inland fisheries is assumed by the governments of these provinces.

- 14 - Each sector operates under: Fisheries and Habitat Management: DFO's principal endeavour of this area is the management of fisheries resources which are exploited for aboriginal, commercial and re- creational purposes. This involves regulatory and management functions, enforcement, habitat management and related operational activities; and Resource and Industry Development: DFO works in this area to rehabilitate depressed stocks, develop new fisheries and provide assistance to fishing and fishing-related activities in the private sector. Our employees also dev- elop, plan, and analyse new fisheries, including aquaculture; provide support to experimental fisheries in an effort to diversify and expand the benefits of the fishery resource; and administer special economic development programs. The Atlantic Fisheries and Pacific and Freshwa- ter Fisheries sectors share responsibility for the management and development of Canada's Arctic fisheries. The special requirements of fish habitat management and resource develop- ment in the Arctic environment are of continu- ing concern to DFO. Activities centre on the protection and conservation of the northern fishery resource, which serves as a food source for Canada's Native population and as the basis for valuable commercial and recreational fish- eries. Important responsibilities exist regarding the management of Arctic marine resources and their sustained use, particularly by Arctic peoples.

Inspection Services Mandate: To provide assurance that fish and shellfish products for domestic and export trade meet Canadian and/or foreign country grade, handling, identity, process, quality and safety standards.

These services include the development, formulation and implementation of national policies, regulations and programs to ensure that Canada produces fish and fish products that meet appropriate national safety standards, and that imported fish and shellfish products meet minimum standards of identity, quality and safety. These tasks are delivered through the operation of DFO's National Fish Inspection Program, which derives authority from the Fish Inspection Act. The Sanitary Control of Shellfish Fisheries Regulations and relevant portions of the Food and Drug Regulations and the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Regulations are also enforced as they apply to fish and shellfish products. As well, federal inspectors enforce provincial fish inspection legislation in all provinces except Manitoba and Quebec, where this responsibility is delegated to provincial authorities.

International Mandate: To advance Canada's international fisheries interests in conservation and trade.

This DFO activity, conducted in cooperation with External Affairs and other federal government departments, includes negotiation and administration of international treaties and agreements regarding fisheries, as well as the formulation and representation of Canada's position regarding fisheries trade policy, settlement of boundary disputes and market- access questions. DFO's International staff participate in eight international scientific and conservation fisheries commissions.

Corporate Policy and Program Support Mandate: To manage DFO's assets and oversee corpo- rate and regional policy and administration.

• 16 • Corporate Policy and Program Support involves: Corporate Policy and Administration: includes the offices of the Minister and Deputy Minister; Senior Assistant Deputy Minister, Corporate and Regulatory Management (with the exception of Inspection which is included under the Inspection Activity); Assistant Deputy Minister, Policy and Program Planning and Director General, Communications. Corporate Policy and Administration employees ensure a well organized, coherent management process; the provision of information for planning, control and decision-making; administrative and financial functions; regulations and enforcement; and the provision of strategic policy and planning, economic and commercial analysis, statistics and communications functions in support of the initiatives of all DFO sectors. Capital Assets Management: This sub-activity involves the management of DFO's capital assets, which consist of Small Craft Harbours and all other departmental assets, such as special-purpose buildings and other facilities, vessels and a wide range of equipment. These assets are fundamental to the delivery of Fisheries and Oceans' fisheries man- Work aboard ship agement, inspection and science programs.

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• 17 • Regional Headquarters Central and Arctic Quebec

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Scotia-Fundy DFO Headquarters is based in Ottawa, Ontario. Regional Policy and Administration: This regional policy and administration sub- activity includes the offices of six Regional Directors General and the regional executive and provides functions such as economic and commercial analysis, Small Craft Harbours, communications, and administrative and support services, at the regional level.

Our Regions Most of DFO's employees work in and out of a network of regional offices, research establish- ments and laboratories throughout Canada. About eleven per cent work in the National Capital Region. DFO's effectiveness in pursuing scientific excellence, conserving and protecting aquatic resources and seeking maximum benefit for Canadians from them, primarily lies in the strength of our regional operations and the ability of these operations to meet specific requirements of geographical and resource contexts from coast to coast. Here are some general profiles of each of DFO's six regions, indicating geographical and jurisdic- tional factors and highlighting significant re- gional characteristics. While these environ- ments and contexts are quite unique, DFO's regions ultimately share the same overall goals when it comes to Fisheries and Oceans' respon- sibilities over Canada's marine and freshwater resources.

Newfoundland • The Newfoundland Region comprises most of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjoining marine waters. • For more than four centuries, the socio- economic history of the province - as colony, independent nation and member of the Canadian Confederation - has been domi- nated by 'the fishery.' Perhaps in no other part of Canada is there such a deep sense, in virtually an entire population, of the vital importance of this historic industry. • The commercial fishery is overwhelmingly a

• 19 • groundfish fishery with cod as the undisputed "king" in the region. • Newfoundland Region has an emerging, high-tech oceans science and technology industry.

Scotia-Fundy • The Scotia-Fundy Region manages fisheries in the Bay of Fundy, Scotian Shelf and Georges Bank, the inland fisheries of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia watersheds of the Bay of Fundy and the Atlantic Ocean. • The fishery possesses a pronounced diver- sity: besides its nine major fisheries, there are many smaller ones; and within practically every fishery exist major differences in fish- ermen, vessels, gear and opinions. It is the challenging responsibility of Scotia-Fundy employees to manage it and pull it all to- gether effectively. • The oceans science and technology industry has a strong presence in the Scotia-Fundy Region.

Gulf • Recognizing that the Gulf of St. Lawrence constitutes a single ecological and socio- economic complex, and as such requires its own management regime, DFO established the Gulf Region in 1981. • The Gulf coasts of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, western Newfoundland and southern Labrador as well as all of Prince Edward Island make up the region, which is currently one of DFO's largest, territorially, in Canada. • The region's fishery is the traditional econo- mic base of many of the more than 1,000 small communities situated on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Quebec • Since 1984, DFO has assumed (except for inspection) the entire responsibility for

• 20 • managing the marine fishery in Quebec save for anadromous and catadromous species which are managed by the province. This federal/provincial arrangement is new for Quebec and has brought about an unpre- cedented restructuring of the Quebec Region 's marine fishery. • Between 1984 and 1987, DFO's Quebec Region went through a period of expansion marked by several important events which had a major impact on the development of the Quebec marine fishing industry. These included the re-establishment of export markets, progressive restructuring of the fishing industry, and creation of new fishing operations. • Quebec's oceans science and technology sector is of growing importance to the region.

Central and Arctic • DFO's Central and Arctic Region repre- sents 64 per cent of the area of Canada, enc- ompassing four provinces and the North- west Territories. The region contains about 67 per cent of our country's fresh water and seven of the 14 largest lakes in the world. • Recreational fishing is particularly important in this region, supporting 60 per cent of Canada's recreational anglers. Here, recre- ational fishery landings exceed the commer- cial catch. • About 50 per cent of the commercial catch is marketed through a crown corporation - the Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation.

Pacific • The Pacific Region oversees west coast marine resources and the inland fisheries of the Yukon Territory. Because the region is entrusted with managing and protecting Pacific salmon, it is involved with 105 river systems in B.C. as well as the transboundary northern rivers: the Yukon, Stikine and Taku. • Salmon is the best known and most valuable fishery on the west coast. Managing and enhancing this fishery presents Pacific Region with a mammoth challenge. The two key priorities include ensuring that sufficient numbers of adult salmon reach their spawning grounds to maintain the populations, and allowing enough fish for native catch. • This DFO region is home to a large segment of Canada's oceans science and technology industry. DFO 1989-1990 Main Estimates By Sector • By Region ($ millions) Scotia- Central Nfld. Fundy Gulf Quebec & Arctic Pacific HQ TOTAL Science PYs 255 654 99 212 286 480 193 2,179 $ 25.2 55.4 7.9 22.2 20.2 40.4 22.8 194.1 Atlantic PYs 302 343 228 112 57 1,042 $ 33.7 22.7 14.9 19.3 9.7 100.3 Pacific & PYs 84 732 41 857 Freshwater $ 8.6 79.7 4.2 92.5 Inspection PYs 99 104 78 65 76 79 30 531 $ 5.5 6.2 4.3 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.2 31.9 International PYs 20 20 4.7 4.7 Corporate PYs 135 238 96 101 110 264 432 1,376 $ 18.6 25.8 17.4 13.2 12.9 23.7 185.0 296.6 TOTAL PYs 791 1,339 501 490 556 1.555 773 6,005 $ 83.0 110.1 44.5 58.2 45.7 148.0 230.6 720.1

Under DFO's management system, often termed Sector Management, our ADMs are accountable for achieving the overall planned results of their sector, while RDGs, based on the plans they have agreed to, are accountable for the delivery of all DFO programs within their region. The above chart, illustrates the intermeshing of all DFO sectors and regions for the current fiscal year.

Fisheries and Oceans employs 5,926 persons* Employees (including full-time, part-time, term and seasonal).

National Capital Region 642 Newfoundland 783 Scotia-Fundy 1358 Gulf 604 Quebec 470 Central and Arctic 567 Pacific 1502

Full-time 4911 Part-time 59 Term 313 Seasonal 643

Employee Distribution By Sector (% of Total)

Corporate Policy and Program Support 23.5%

Science 34.5%

International 0.3%

Inspection Services 8.4%

Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries 13.9% Atlantic Fisheries 19.4%

* June 1988, from the Human Resources Planning Data Booklet, DFO Personnel Directorate, Ottawa

• 26 • Capital Fisheries and Oceans' capital assets are estimated at $3.7 billion, including ships and specialized equipment,boats, vehicles, widely- dispersed onshore support facilities, buildings, laboratories, small craft harbours, enhancement works, laboratory equipment and inventories comprising a vast array of small equipment items.

Buildings and DFO operations are conducted in several Facilities hundred special-purpose buildings and laboratories nationwide.

Research institutes (by DFO Region) Pacific • Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C.; • Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C.; • West Laboratory, West Van- couver, B.C. Central & Arctic • Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Man.; • Bayfield Institute, Burlington, Ont. Quebec • Arctic Biological Station, Ste-Anne-de- Bellevue, Que.; • Institute, Mont-Joli, Que. Scotia-Fundy • St. Andrews Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B.; • Halifax Fisheries Research Laboratory, Halifax, N.S.; • Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, N.S. Gulf • Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, N.B. Newfoundland • Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's, Nfld. CODES (by DFO Region) In 1986, Centres of Disciplinary Expertise (CODES) were created in existing DFO facilities to focus departmental studies of critical subjects in fisheries and aquatic research fields. Newfoundland • Atlantic Resource Assessment and Survey Methodology Centre, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's, Nfld. Scotia-Fundy • Centre for Marine Plankton Ecology, Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO), Dartmouth, N.S.; • Centre for Marine Contaminants and Toxicology, BIO. Quebec • Centre for Parasitology, Maurice Lamon- tagne Institute, Mont-Joli, Que. Central & Arctic • Centre for Freshwater Fisheries Contami- nants and Toxicology, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Man., and Bayfield Institute, Burlington, Ont. Pacific • Centre for Genetics and Biotechnology for Aquaculture, West Vancouver Laboratory, The Institute of Ocean West Vancouver, B.C.; Sciences, Sidney, B.C.

• 28 • • Centre for Ocean Climate Chemistry, Insti- tute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C. As well as these major research installations, DFO operates many other smaller satellite labs coast to coast.

Enhancement Facilities • There are approximately 103 departmental enhancement facilities across Canada, ranging from fish hatcheries and culture stations to fishways and fish ladders. These facilities operate in support of enhanced yields and encompass research of relevance to commercial aquaculture production.

Harbours and Harbours Vessels • DFO's Small Craft Harbours (SCH) Directorate manages and administers over 1,400 commercial fishing and 800 recreational small craft harbour facilities throughout Canada.

Newfoundland 405 Scotia-Fundy 394 Gulf 351 Quebec 381 Central & Arctic 496 Pacific 228 TOTAL 2,255

• In 1986, a harbour management plan was announced to improve conditions in Canada's commercial fishing harbours and give the SCH program a planned approach to the future. Recreational small • The plan paved the way for a major revitali- craft harbour zation program which, in addition to reduc- ing a backlog of repairs, introduced the es- tablishment of local "Harbour Authorities" - management groups appointed by fisher- men's organizations and local governments. The presence of Harbour Authorities at particular harbours ensures that the users of SCH facilities have more responsibility for their management and operating costs.

• 2 9 • Vessels Fisheries and Oceans operates an extensive fleet made up of its own vessels and chartered vessels. These vessels are used for biological sciences, fisheries management, physical and chemical sciences, hydrographic surveys, surveillance and enforcement as well as provision of ship support to the programs of other departments, agencies and institutions.

Major DFO Vessels Life Vessel Year Expect- Length Region Name Primary Purpose Built ancy (m) Home Port

Nfld Leonard J. Fisheries patrol 1985 35 72 St. John's, Nfld Cowley Cape Roger Fisheries patrol 1977 25 62 St. John's, Nfld Wilfred Fisheries research 1982 25 51 St. John's, Nfld Templeman Maxwell** Hydrography/ 1961 20 35 St. John's, Nfld Oceanography

Scotia- Chebucto' Fisheries patrol 1966 35 55 Dartmouth, N.S. Fundy Cygnus Fisheries patrol 1982 25 62 Dartmouth, N.S. Louisbourg Fisheries patrol 1977 20 37 Dartmouth, N.S. A. Needier Fisheries research 1982 25 50 Dartmouth, N.S. E.E. Prince Fisheries research 1966 25 40 Dartmouth, N.S. Baffin* Hydrography/ 1956 35 87 Dartmouth, N.S. Oceanography Dawson Oceanography/ 1967 30 65 Dartmouth, N.S. Hydrography Hudson' Oceanography/ 1963 40 91 Dartmouth, N.S. Hydrography F.C.G. Smith Hydrography 1986 25 30 Dartmouth, N.S.

Quebec Pierre Fortin* Fisheries patrol 1975 30 30 , Que Louis M. Lauzier Oceanography/ 1977 20 37 Quebec City, Que Hydrography

Central Bayfield Limnology/ 1960 22 31 Burlington. Ont. and Arctic Hydrography Limnos Limnology/ 1968 30 45 Burlington, Ont. Hydrography

Pacific James Sinclair Fisheries patrol 1981 20 37 Sidney, B.C. Tanu' Fisheries patrol 1968 35 52 Sidney, B.C. Parizeau• Oceanography/ 1967 35 65 Sidney, B.C. Hydrography Vector Oceanography 1967 35 40 Sidney, B.C. John P. Tully Hydrography/ 1985 25 69 Sidney, B.C. Oceanography W.E. Ricker Fisheries research 1978 25 55 Nanaimo, B.C.

* Midlife refit (MLR) will extend useful life by 10 to 15 years. PARIZEAU, BAFFIN, TANU and CHEBUCTO MLRs completed; HUDSON MLR Phase I scheduled for 1987-88, Phase II scheduled for 1988-89 and 1989-90; PIERRE FORTIN MLR - scheduled for 1988-89; MAXWELL replacement is scheduled for delivery in 1990-91.

• 30 • Tools of the Trade State-of-the-art scientific equipment is utilized in DFO's day-to-day science operations. Some of the major tools DFO uses (and has assisted in developing) include: • Optical Zooplankton counter (device which counts and sizes zooplankton); • Batfish (remotely controlled underwater probe which dives and climbs to record various ocean readings); • DOLPHINDeep Ocean Logging Platform with Hydrographic Instrumentation and Navigation (radio-controlled semi- submersible vehicle used for surveying water depths); • Hysub 5000 (ROV (remotely-operated vehicle) designed to carry out studies at ocean depths of 5,000 metres and transmit data as well as live video images to the surface); • Larsen LIDAR (airborne laser system which measures the depth of coastal waters five times faster than conventional systems); • Image Processing Equipment (used on both coasts to analyze satellite data to produce information about physical and biological processes in the ocean); and • Genetic Engineering Technology (used to develop new strains of fish for aquaculture and to provide the fish farming industry with Patrol vessel the ability to control the sex of their LEONARD J. COWLEY production stock). Other • over 1,300 vehicles; and • One DFO helicopter based in southwest Nova Scotia.

We strive to manage and protect Canada's Our Raison aquatic resources and facilitate their develop- d'etre: ment and use for the maximum benefit of the people of Canada — and their owners and Our Clients users. • Our country, with the world's longest coast- line (244,000 kilometres), borders the At- lantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans. • Canada has over 755,000 square kilo- metres of fresh water which gives us 16 per cent of the world's area of fresh water and about nine per cent of the total flow of all rivers. • Canada possesses some of the richest fishing grounds and largest untapped offshore oil and natural gas reserves in the world. • Canada's oceans and ocean resources are directly responsible for more than $8 billion of the country's national income and more than 140,000 jobs. • One-quarter of Canada's Gross National Product is based on foreign trade. More than half of this trade is transported by water. The facts tell the story, underlining the reality that Canada is a coastal nation. Our three oceans and our inland waters are a major com- ponent of the Canadian physical identity and a vital national asset. With this in mind, the signi- ficance of DFO's responsibilities involving the nation's oceans and freshwater cannot be underestimated. An important government commitment to the Canadian public has been made in the Oceans Strategy of securing for Canadians maximum economic, scientific and sovereignty benefits from these waters and the resources they contain. DFO's Science Sector has the responsibility for implementing this gov- ernment-wide policy adopted in 1987. In this regard, DFO sets out to serve Canadians through various avenues; including: • ensuring that all ocean and inland waters under the jurisdiction of DFO are managed and protected in the best interests of the people of Canada; • working to secure pollution-free marine and freshwater environments for the benefit and

- 34 • enjoyment of all Canadians; • ensuring the wholesomeness of fish and shellfish products and their suitability for public consumption; • in all international dealings and negotiations regarding fisheries, while seeking stable re- lations and adopting positions of fairness, putting the interests of Canadians first and foremost; • ensuring that small craft commercial fishing and recreational harbours are in a good state of repair and managed in such a way that those who use them enjoy maximum safety and benefit; • disseminating data and information, includ- ing scientific, economic and general interest information on all aspects of Canada's fisheries and oceans; • providing up-to-date and accurate charts, tide tables, and sailing directions which facili- tates safe navigation of Canada's waters; • serving all those who depend on historic and real-time site-specific data on waves, cur- rents, ice movements, and wind and weather conditions in the design and safe operation of the offshore petroleum industry's explo- ration and oil rigs; • through contracting-out and procurement activities, DFO is instrumental in aiding many small and medium-sized Canadian companies in the emerging ocean techno- logy sector. DFO' s fisheries management and development functions are of particular relevance and impor- tance to those who benefit from Canada's fishery resources. This distinct client group in- cludes all commercial, recreational and native fishermen, fish-plant owners and workers, people in related supply industries and con- sumers of fish products. A number of ocean industries benefit from de- partmental activities. These benefits come from the contracting-out of activities which stimulates the development and transfer of technology as well as from the provision of data and services to the industry.

While other federal government departments such as Environment, Energy, Mines and Re- sources, Transport and Defence have their own specific responsibilities in relation to oceans, DFO has responsibility for all matters respecting oceans not by law assigned to any other depart- ment. DFO has the important role of coordin- ating the oceans-related policies and programs of the Government of Canada. The Oceans Strategy is the main instrument to bring about that coordination. As the federal department entrusted with prim- ary responsibility over Canada's oceans, DFO is committed to pursuing the knowledge and know-how that will enable Canada to under- stand its oceans, use them safely, protect them from pollution, navigate their surfaces and effec- tively exploit their resources. Among the key challenges facing DFO are the pressures generated from competing marine resource use and the concerns arising over exploitation for current economic benefit, while conserving for future prosperity.

Fisheries The Fisheries and Canada, with one of the world's largest com- Oceans Sectors in mercial fishing industries, stands alone as the Profile leading exporter of fish and fish products. • Our industry employs more than 130,000 people directly and indirectly. • While commercial fishing accounts for only about 0.9 per cent of Canada's GNP, it is ex- tremely important in the economies of coastal provinces. On the Atlantic coast, for example, more than one-quarter of the resi- dents live in some 1,300 fishing commu- nities, half of which depend on the fishing industry for their existence. Pacific seiner

• 36 • Landings Landed values by selected species (value in $000) Atlantic Coast Pacific Coast Species Value* Species Value* Cod 319,951 Salmon ...212,063 Lobster 282,641 Herring 96,908 Canada's fisheries differ Scallop 94,768 Halibut 28,326 significantly, not only Herring 52,529 Redfish 18,109 in terms of the species Flatfishes ... 48,330 Clams 13,270 of fish harvested but also in terms of the Mackerel 9,106 Shrimps 8,934 fishing methods and Other 319,027 Other 61,068 activities themselves. TOTAL 1,126,352 TOTAL .. 438,678 Inland (Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and N.W.T.) Species Value** Pickerel 24,048 Yellow Perch 23,209 Whitefish 9,411 Northern Pike 3,313 Smelt 2,984 Lake Trout 1,004 Other 10,508 TOTAL 74,477

TOTAL VALUE 1,639,507 * 1987 preliminary figures ** 1986 figures

Atlantic trawler

Production Production value of fishery products by producing regions (value in $000)*

Inland $131,000 4%

Pacific $780,070 24 %

Atlantic $2,384,320 72 %

* 1987 preliminary figures

Imports

52% 59%

❑ United States gj EEC le Central and South America 2 Japan 11 Other European Countries iN All Other Countries

Canadian Export /Import value of fishery products by main countries* * 1987 preliminary figures

• 38 • Aquaculture Aquaculture, the cultivation of aquatic life, is a high-growth industry in Canada which has directly created thousands of jobs in the country. • In 1987, Canada's commercial aquaculture industry produced an estimated 12,500 tonnes of fish and shellfish worth approxi- mately $50 million, accounting for three per cent of the total value of commercial fisher- ies production. • Some of the main species cultivated include salmon, trout, oysters and mussels.

Recreational Fisheries Every five years, DFO conducts the Survey of Sport Fishing in Canada in conjunction with provincial and territorial sport fishing agencies. The selected results shown below, taken from the most recent survey conducted in 1985, reaffirm the importance and value of the recreational fishery to Canada. • 5.6 million Canadians and over 900,000 tourist anglers fished in Canada's marine and inland waters. • Adult anglers fished a total of 74 million days. • An estimated 330 million fish were caught by anglers and over 230 million were re- tained. • Anglers spent and invested $4.4 billion on goods and services for sport fishing.

Native Food Fisheries Native groups depend heavily on fish as a tradi- tional source of food. Their access to and in- volvement in the management of this resource are key components to their land claims. As well, Native people continue to play a strong role in the commercial fishing industry in Brit- ish Columbia, Ontario, the Prairie provinces and the Territories. • The Native food fishery is particularly impor- tant in B.C. where there are 72,000 status Indians and 196 bands on 1,662 reserves.

- 39 • The B.C. native food catch is primarily Recreational fishery: a salmon with about one million harvested per source of enjoyment year. This is four per cent to six per cent of for Canadian and the total annual salmon catch. foreign anglers and a • In the Canadian Arctic, the Inuit are the valuable national asset. primary traditional and current users of the fishery resource and as such have a crucial stake in any management or development of Arctic resources.

Oceans Oceans Manufacturing and Services Canada is one of very few nations of the world with internationally competitive capabilities in the multi-disciplinary fields of oceanography and hydrography. The majority of companies that make up Canada's oceans manufacturing and services sector are small and privately owned, providing approximately 6,000 direct jobs. Sales Estimates Approximate No. of Finns 1984 1986 Sector 1988 ($ millions) Oceans Manufacturing 200 200 150 (including 75 electronics firms) Oceans Services and Consultants 300 170 112 (including engineering, surveying and diving) Estimated Total 500 370 262

• 40 • The manufacturers have products, systems and software for oceanographic, hydrographic, diving and other operational marine applica- tions, for marine-related remote sensing, sub- mersibles and seabed systems. The services sub- sector covers a large range of activity based in engineering, sciences, consulting and survey- ing, including aerial surveying, with marine applications. All companies employ advanced technologies. Many of them also develop or adapt advanced technologies, systems and software for innovative applications. There is an evident entrepreneurial character in oceans manufacturing and services. Canadian products and skills have been, and are being, sold in more than 80 countries. The largest future market opportunities lie in the Exclusive Economic Zones of developing coastal states. The Canadian oceans manufacturing and serv- ices industry has developed in response to the commercial opportunities created by the estab- lishment of national institutes in marine, fisher- ies, environmental and resource sciences and engineering; government contract and R&D spending; maritime defence requirements; and, in particular, offshore oil and gas exploration activities of the past two decades. Governments, primarily the federal, are cur- rently the most important customers for the companies, given the downturn in offshore oil and gas activities in recent years. In addition to direct purchases for specific programs, federal funding of private sector R&D is a significant factor in the financial health of participating firms and is the source of many innovations which are both applied in Canada and sold abroad. The Department of Fisheries and Oceans has played a central role in the emergence of this industry because of its very impressive record in contracting-out and in stimulating technology development. In keeping with DFO's important role in promoting the growth of this sector, the industry looks to the Department for leadership and support, and is a direct client of many of the Department's scientific services. Offshore Oil and Gas Canada's offshore areas contain substantial reserves of oil and natural gas. The East Coast offshore region alone holds 30 per cent of Canada's oil potential and 17 per cent of its gas potential. The oil and gas industry has invested heavily in exploration and development work in the off- shore areas of the frontier lands. From 1981 to 1987, expenditures for offshore drilling totalled more than $8 billion. Since that period drilling activity has declined, but future exploration and development plans are being laid. The planned development of the Hibernia oil field off Newfoundland will be the single largest, most technically advanced petroleum project in Canadian history. Offshore exploration faces unique challenges such as great distances from supply bases and exposure to open ocean weather, drifting pack ice, icebergs and the multiple-year ice of the Arctic Ocean. New technologies, improved environmental information and specialized scientific services will be required to meet these challenges.

Offshore petroleum rig

• 42 • Offshore Mining Historically, the private sector has not shown a widespread interest in exploring and developing offshore mineral resources, due to several fac- tors related to generally unfavourable and uncertain industry conditions. Gold, silica sand, and sand and gravel deposits in Canada's oceans have the greatest likelihood of being developed in the foreseeable future. In the long term, there may be some potential for ocean mining in the seabed beyond Canada's 200-mile zone.

Marine Shipping In 1986, there were 296 Canadian marine car- riers owning and operating 1,367 vessels and employing 14,006 crew members. They gen- erated a gross revenue of $2.2 billion. Canada has concentrated on development of its seaway fleet because of its importance to the domestic economy and the need for efficient, economical transportation of the country's resource materials. More recently, however, lake vessels have been built with ocean-going ca- pabilities.

Shipbuilding and Repair The Canadian shipbuilding industry is com- posed of 18 large shipyards with approximately 300 workers each and about 50 smaller yards and repair shops. The large yards represent 90 per cent of employment and 92 per cent of total Canadian shipbuilding and repairs. There are shipbuilding and repair facilities in every province but Saskatchewan. The govern- ments of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, P.E.I. and Quebec own or have an interest in a number of Canadian shipyards.

• 43

The importance of Canada's oceans and inland waters cannot be underestimated. Since its conception our department has borne great responsibility.

1867 At Confederation, fisheries responsibi- Milestones lity had been assumed for several years by the Fisheries Branch of the Crown Lands Branch of the united (Ontario and Quebec). In the other pro- vinces, no similar organization existed. With the Constitution Act 1867, "Sea- Coast and Inland Fisheries" were de- signated as one of the exclusive res- ponsibilities of the new Government. Peter Mitchell, a Father of Confederation and former of New Brunswick, became Canada's first Fisheries Minister. 1868 The Fisheries Act creating the Depart- ment of Marine and Fisheries was given Royal Assent on May 22. 1881 The Fisheries Branch of the Depart- ment of Marine and Fisheries em- ployed nearly 700 officers, overseeing a $16-million industry that exported 40 per cent of its production. 1898 The importance of scientific research in the management of fisheries matters was officially recognized with the set- ting up of a floating marine biological station at St. Andrews, N.B. , with Fish- eries Commissioner Dr. Edward E. Prince as Director of the Board of Management which later became the Biological Board of Canada, the fore- runner of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 1901 The first issue of what is now the world reknown Canadian Journal of Fisher- ies and Aquatic Sciences was pub- lished under the title Contributions to Canadian Biology.

• 46 • 1904 The fisheries protection fleet had eight armed patrol vessels all exceeding 100 feet. The Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) was created. 1908 Parliament set up the Standing Com- mittee on Marine and Fisheries. 1920 The Department introduced stronger fish inspection measures with a new Fish Inspection Act, which made in- spection compulsory for all pickled fish. 1928 The Supreme Court ruled that jurisdic- tion over fish processing plant licences was ultra !Ares (beyond the power or authority) of the Federal Parliament. This and preceeding decisions, formed a definition of federal-provincial fisher- ies jurisdictional powers, which largely still prevails.

Science lab — yesterday (1926)... and today 1937 As it stood in the pre and early war years, besides the regional fisheries divisions, departmental headquarters in Ottawa was composed of five major divisions: Promotion and Inspection; Fish Culture; Publicity and Statistics (including a Director of Publicity, a Publicity Agent and two demonstrators and lecturers); Purchasing; and Ad- ministration. 1939- Fisheries operations were hampered 1945 by wartime activities but heavy food demands resulted in record market values for fishery products. 1947 The Department began a vigorous reorganization and re-orientation. Entering the modern, post-war age, departmental work and services be- came defined by function rather than region; branches included Conserva- tion and Protection; Inspection and Consumer; Marketing and Economic; Industrial Development; Information; a revitalized Fish Culture branch; and various support services. The Fisheries Prices Support Act came into force giving the Fisheries Prices Support Board the usual statu- tory powers of a government corpora- tion. The Board was given responsibil- ity for investigating and, when appro- priate, recommending action under the Act to support prices of fishery products where declines have been experienced. 1949 In response to the internationally per- ceived problem of reduced Atlantic fish stocks, the In Con yen tion for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) was signed by Canada and nine other members and entered into force in 1950. 1953 The federal inspection branch began enforcing compulsory minimum stan- dards nationwide. Inspection became systematic, with staff and labs scattered across the country.

• 48 • 1964 The first federal-provincial ministerial conference on fisheries was held in Ottawa. According to the Department of Fisheries' annual report of that year, a spirit of cooperation existed between all ten provinces and the federal Gov- ernment. 1969 As a result of a Royal Commission investigating the freshwater fisheries in Canada, the Freshwater Fish Market- ing Corporation was set up to market freshwater fish from northern Ontario, the Prairie provinces and the North- west Territories. 1970 The Canadian Saltfish Corporation was established by the Saltfish Act for the purpose of "improving the earn- ings of primary producers of cured saltfish" and operated under enabling legislation in the province of New- foundland and the Lower North Shore of the province of Quebec. 1973 With the objective of better control and coordination of the research and devel- opment effort in the aquatic resource field, the Department assumed direct responsibility for all scientific research programs and facilities previously under the direction of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. The 75- year-old FRB, a largely independent, departmental research arm prior to this time, became an advisory body until its disbanding six years later. Responsibility for commercial and recreational small craft harbours in Canada, formally held by Public Works and Transport, was transferred to our Department. 1977 Canada extended its territorial fishing waters from twelve to 200 nautical miles, adding 632,000 nautical square miles of ocean to the area over which it exercised fisheries responsibility. Following this extension of fisheries jurisdiction by Canada, in company with some 100 other coastal states, the

• 49 • ICNAF Convention was replaced by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Or- ganization (NAFO) which manages stocks located outside the 200-mile zone on the Flemish cap and shares management responsibility with Can- ada for stocks that straddle the zone on the Nose and Tail of the Grand Banks. The Salmonid Enhancement Program (SEP), the largest fisheries resource de- velopment program in North America, was launched. 1979 The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) was created by the Gov- ernment Organization Act, 1979. Making up the new department were the elements which had functioned as the Fisheries and Marine Service in the previously titled Department of Fisheries and the Environment. 1985 With the signing of the Pacific Salmon Treaty, Canada and the U.S. agreed to work together to build and manage the Pacific salmon stocks. The Pacific Sal- mon Commission was subsequently set up under the treaty. 1986 Major changes in DFO's organization were undertaken. In addition to streamlining its headquarters' func- tion, and strengthening regional op- erations, DFO gave more thrust to its scientific effort, increasing its coher- ence and visibility with the consolida- tion of the Fisheries Research and Ocean Science and Surveys programs under a newly-created ADM, Science position. The position of Director General, Ins- pection was created to strengthen the inspection system. The Inspection Program was centralized under the Senior ADM, Corporate and Regu- latory Management in order to ensure the consistent application of the Fish Inspection Act nationwide. Along with fish inspection, the other national regulatory program requiring priority

• 50 •

The Honourable Peter Mitchell, Canada's first Minister of Fisheries attention, regulation/enforcement, was also placed directly under the new Senior ADM. 1987 The Maurice Lamontagne Institute officially opened at Mont-Joli, Quebec. This was the first departmental research institute to integrate within a single complex Fisheries and Oceans' three science program activities and the first where French was the working language. 1988 May 22 marked the 120th anniversary of the Fisheries Act, which since its introduction during the first session of Canada's Parliament has been amended some 40 times.

DFO Ministers 1867-1873 Peter Mitchell 1867 to present 1873-1878 Sir 1878-1882 James Co!ledge Pope 1882-1885 Archibald Woodbury McLelan 1885-1888 Sir 1888-1894 Sir 1894-1896 1896-1901 Sir 1902 James Sutherland 1902-1905 Joseph Raymond Fournier Prefontaine 1906 Sir (acting) 1906-1911 Louis-Philippe Brodeur 1911 1911-1917 Sir 1917-1921 Charles Colquhoun Ballantyne 1921-1924 1924-1926 Pierre Joseph 1926 William Anderson Black (acting) 1926 Esioff-Leon Patenaude (acting) 1926-1930 Pierre Joseph Arthur Cardin 1930 1930-1932 Edgar Nelson Rhodes 1932-1934 (acting) 1934-1935 (acting) 1935 William Gordon Ernst 1935-1942 Joseph-Enoil Michaud 1942-1945 1945-1947 Hedley Francis Gregory Bridges 1947 Ernest Bertrand (acting) 1947-1948 1948 James Angus MacKinnon 1948-1952 Robert Wellington Mayhew 1952-1957 James Sinclair 1957-1963 John Angus MacLean 1963-1968 Hedard Robichaud 1968-1974 Jack Davis

• 52 •

1974-1975 Jeanne Sauve (Minister of the Environment) 1974-1976 Romeo LeBlanc (Minister of State [Fisheries)). 1975-1976 Romeo LeBlanc (acting) 1976 (Minister of the Environment) 1976 Romeo LeBlanc (acting) 1976-1979 Romeo LeBlanc 1979-1980 James Aloysius McGrath 1980-1982 Romeo LeBlanc 1982-1984 Pierre De Bane 1984 Herb Breau 1984-1985 John Allen Fraser 1985 Eric H. Nielsen (acting) 1985- Thomas Edward Siddon

DFO 1868-1884 William Smith Deputy Ministers 1884-1892 Col. John Tilton 1867 to present 1892-1896 William Smith 1896 John Hardie (acting) 1896-1909 Lt. Col. Francois Frederic Gourdeau 1909-1910 George Joseph Desbarats 1911-1914 Alexander Johnston 1914-1920 George Joseph Desbarats 1920-1928 Alexander Johnston 1928-1938 William Ambrose Found 1939-1940 John J. Cowie (acting) 1940-1946 Donovan Bartley Finn 1947-1954 Stewart Bates 1954-1963 George R. Clark 1963-1971 Alfred W.H. Needler 1971-1974 Robert F. Shaw 1974-1979 J. Blair Seabom 1979-1982 Donald D. Tansley 1982-1986 Arthur W. May 1986- Peter Meyboom

-53 -

1867-1884 Marine and Fisheries - Department's Fisheries Branch Name Changes 1884-1892 Department of Fisheries 1867 to present 1892-1914 Marine and Fisheries - Fisheries Branch

1914-1920 Naval Services - Fisheries Branch 1920-1930 Marine and Fisheries - Fisheries Branch 1930-1969 Department of Fisheries 1969-1971 Department of Fisheries and Forestry 1971-1976 Environment - Fisheries and Marine Service 1976-1979 Fisheries and the Environment- Fisheries and Marine Service 1979- Fisheries and Oceans

• 54 •

• From Confederation to World War I, apart from the Royal Navy, the Fisheries Patrol Service created by Minister of Marine and Fisheries Peter Mitchell, served as Can- ada's only major defence of marine sover- eignty. • The International Pacific Halibut Conven- tion, endorsed by Fisheries Minister Ernest Lapointe and an American representative on March 23, 1923, was the first interna- tional treaty signed by Canada alone, with- out an accompanying British signature. • DFO's science vessel HUDSON, made history in 1970 when it became the first ship to circumnavigate the Americas. • Initiatives of the Department built a new foundation for fisheries management in the 1970s. DFO achievements included the doubling of offshore research, the introduc- tion of licence limitation, quotas, annual fisheries management plans and enterprise allocations. The organization of fishermen was encouraged and the groundwork laid for what is now a strong consultative system. • Canada's fisheries jurisdiction extension in 1977, and resource management initiatives that followed, produced impressive results. Most notably, the total allowable catch (TAC) for northern cod from 1977 to 1986 in- creased from 160,000 tonnes to 256,000 tonnes. • DFO's scientific activities result in substan- tial economic and technological spinoffs to the private sector. By contracting-out the research and development of new technolo- gies, Fisheries and Oceans stimulates a sig- nificant amount of private sector expertise Hydrographic and income. In terms of employment, de- information: a crucial partmental science expenditures create DFO service. thousands of jobs in many sectors of the Canadian economy. In fact, estimates show that for every one DFO science PY allocated to the Department, five spinoff jobs are created in the private sector. • Scientists at DFO's West Vancouver Labo- ratory were first in the world to successfully

When it comes to DFO's management of Canada's fisheries, Fishery Officers are in the front line, functioning in various important capacities.

use a recombinant hormone called mam- ma lian somatropin to accelerate fish growth. (Recombination is the crossing-over and independent sorting of new gene com- binations.) This new technology and other related research is designed to give Canadian fish farmers the competitive edge in world markets. • In 1986-1987, DFO's Canadian Hydro- graph ic Service surveyed 23,303 sq. kilo- metres of Canada's navigable waters. Data from these surveys improves and maintains the 1,100 nautical charts currently available to the marine public. Approximately half -a- million copies are sold each year. • Fishery officers must act not only as enforc- ers of fishing regulations but also serve as guardians of fish habitat, public relations officers, arbitrators of disputes, and liaisons between Fisheries and Oceans and myriad user groups across Canada. • In conjunction primarily with the federal government's Defence and Transport de- partments, DFO has an important respon- sibility when it comes to Search and Rescue (SAR) operations. A number of DFO vessels are "multi-tasked" for SAR. These vessels combine their regular patrol, research and survey tasks with search and rescue duties, effectively responding on a regular basis to distress calls and receiving commendations for their part in successful SAR missions.

For Your Information...

DFO-Administered Acts Fishing Vessel Assistance Regulations, 1970 Coastal Fisheries Protection Act, c. C-21. Fishing Vessel Insurance Regulations Fisheries Development Act, c. F-21. Fishway Obstructions Removal Regulations Fish Inspection Act, c. F-12. Foreign Vessel Fishing Regulations Fisheries Act, c. F-14. International Pacific Halibut Fisheries and Oceans Research Convention Regulations Advisory Council Act, c.13. Narwhal Protection Regulations Fisheries Improvement Loans Act, c. F-22. New Brunswick Fishery Regulations Fisheries Prices Support Act, c. F-23. New Brunswick Tidal Waters Boundary Order Fishing and Recreational Harbours Act, c. 30. Newfoundland Fishery Regulations Freshwater Fish Marketing Act, c. F- North Pacific Fisheries Convention 13. Regulations Great Lakes Fisheries Convention Northwest Territories Fishery Act, c. F-15. Regulations Northern Pacific Halibut Fishery Nova Scotia Fishery Regulations Convention Act, c. F-17. Nova Scotia Tidal Waters Boundary North Pacific Fisheries Convention Order Act, c.F-16 Pacific Coast Marine Plant Pacific Fur Seals Convention Act, c. Regulations F-33. Pacific Commercial Salmon Fishery Saltfish Act, c. 37 (1st Supplement) Regulations Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Pacific Fishery Management Area Act, c. T-7. Regulations Pacific Fishery Regulations, 1984 DFO-Administered Pacific Herring Fishery Regulations Regulations Pacific Shellfish Regulations Penalties and Forfeitures Proceeds Atlantic Fishery Regulations, 1985 Regulations Beluga Protection Regulations Prince Edward Island Fishery British Columbia Fishery (General) Regulations Regulations Quebec Fishery Regulations British Columbia Gravel Removal Sanitary Control of Shellfish Fisheries Order Regulations British Columbia Logging Order Seal Protection Regulations British Columbia Sport Fishing Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Regulations Geographical Coordinates Cetacean Protection Regulations Order Coastal Fisheries Protection Tuna Fishery Regulations Regulations Walrus Protection Regulations Fish Chilling Assistance Regulations Yukon Territory Fishery Regulations Fish Health Protection Regulations Fish Inspection Regulations Advisory Bodies Fisheries Improvement Loans Regulations Fisheries and Oceans Research Advisory Council (FORAC) Fishery Products Storage Regulations National Marine Council (NMC) Fishing and Recreational Harbours Regulations

• 60 • Seafood Inspection Policy Advisory International Committee (SIPAC) Hydrographic and Atlantic Regional Council (ARC) Oceanographic Pacific Regional Council (PARC) Commissions and Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific Organizations Advisory Committee (CAFSAC) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Arctic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Commission (IOC) Committee (AFSAC) International Hydrographic Pacific Stock Assessment Review Organization (I1-10) Committee (PSARC) Scientific Council on Ocean Research (SCOR) International Fisheries Office of Ocean Commissions and Affairs and Law of the Sea Organizations (UNOALS) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) Other International North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organizations Organization (NASCO) Food and Agriculture Organization of Pacific Salmon Commission (PSC) the United Nations (FAO) International North Pacific Fisheries International Joint Commission (IJC) Commission (INPFC) Organization for Economic International Convention for the Cooperation and Development Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (OECD) (ICCAT) International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Canadian Organizations International Pacific Halibut involved in Fisheries and/ Commission (IPHC) or Ocean-Related Great Lakes Fishery Commission Research (GLFC) Arctic Institute of North America International Fisheries Commissions Canadian Council for Fisheries Pension Society (IFCPS) Research (CCFFR) Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering (C-CORE) International Development Research Centre International Centre for Ocean Development (ICOD) What's in a Name? Lost in a sea of buzz-words? Here are some DFO-related acronyms you might encounter in your day-to-day operation. AAC Aquaculture Association of Canada ABS Arctic Biological Station ACFM Atlantic Council of Fisheries Ministers AFSAC Arctic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee AFTP Atlantic Fisheries Technology Program AGAC Atlantic Groundfish Advisory Committee AMCS Arctic Marine Conservation Strategy ARC Atlantic Regional Council 1310 Bedford Institute of Oceanography CAFE Canadian Association of Fish Exporters CAFSAC Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee CAPC Canadian Aquaculture Producers Council CCFFR Canadian Council for Fisheries Research C-CORE Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering CFIC Commercial Fishing Industry Council CFV Commercial Fishing Vessel CHS Canadian Hydrographic Service CODE Centre Of Disciplinary Expertise CODS Canadian Ocean Data System CSC Canadian Saltfish Corporation DEC Departmental Executive Committee DMC Departmental Management Committee DOLPHIN Deep Ocean Logging Platform with Hydrographic Instrumentation and Navigation EA Enterprise Allocation EEC European Economic Community ERDA Economic and Regional Development Agreement ELA Experimental Lakes Area FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FCBC Fisheries Council of British Columbia FCC Fisheries Council of Canada FFMC Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation FMC First Ministers Conference FMS Financial Management System FOCP Fishery Officer Career Program FORAC Fisheries and Oceans Research Advisory Council FPAFC Federal Provincial Atlantic Fisheries Committee FPFFC Federal Provincial Freshwater Fisheries Committee FPSB Fisheries Prices Support Board FVIP Fishing Vessel Insurance Program GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GEBCO General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans GFA General Fisheries Agreement

• 62 • GFC Gulf Fisheries Centre GLFC Great Lakes Fishery Commission GMP Good Manufacturing Practice ICCAT International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICO Interdepartmental Committee on Oceans ICOD International Centre for Ocean Development ICSAR Interdepartmental Committee on Search and Rescue IFCPS International Fisheries Commissions Pension Society IHO International Hydrographic Organization IJC International Joint Commission INPFC International North Pacific Fisheries Commission IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission IOS Institute of Ocean Sciences IPHC International Pacific Halibut Commission LOA Length Overall MEC Minister's Executive Committee MEDS Marine Environment Data Services MFU Maritime Fishermen's Union MIL Mandatory Inspection List MLI Maurice Lamontagne Institute MLR Midlife Refit MOU Memoranda of Understanding MYMSP Multi-Year Marine Science Plan MYOP Multi-Year Operational Plan NAFC Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre NAFO Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization NASCO North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization NFFAWU Newfoundland Fishermen, Food and Allied Workers Union NMC National Marine Council OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OSY Optimum Sustainable Yield PARC Pacific Regional Council PBS Pacific Biological Station PSARC Pacific Stock Assessment Review Committee PSC Pacific Salmon Commission ROV Remotely Operated Vehicle SAR Search and Rescue SCH Small Craft Harbour SCOR Scientific Council on Ocean Research SEP Salmonid Enhancement Program SIPAC Seafood Inspection Policy Advisory Committee TAC Total Allowable Catch UNOALS United Nations Office of Ocean Affairs and Law of the Sea

- 63 - Policy Focus DFO's policy statements address key areas of fisheries and oceans management.

Aquaculture Policy The National Policy Goals for Canadian Aquaculture, released following a 1986 meeting of the Federal/ Provincial/Territorial Freshwater Fisheries Committee of Ministers in Winnipeg, lays out national goals and principles for the development of commercial aquaculture in Canada.

Foreign Relations Policy The Foreign Fisheries Relations Policy, announced in 1986, promotes Canadian fisheries resource conservation objectives through a federal/provincial initiative.

Enforcement and Surveillance Policy The Enforcement Policy, announced in 1986, bolsters fisheries surveillance and enforcement within Canada's 200-mile zone.

Fish Habitat Policy The Policy for the Management of Fish Habitat, tabled in the House of Commons in 1986, is designed to achieve a "net gain" of habitat for Canada's fisheries resources.

Oceans Strategy The Oceans Policy for Canada announced in 1987, aims at securing maximum economic, scientific and sovereignty benefits for Canadians from our three oceans. It includes an Arctic Marine Conservation Strategy for which a public discussion paper was released in January, 1988. Another initiative of the Policy, the National Marine Council, was formed to review Canada's oceans-related policies and issues and to offer advice to DFO's Minister on how to promote the Canadian oceans sector.

Recreational Fishing Policy Canada's First National Recreational Fisheries Policy, released in 1988, followed the eighth biennial National Recreational Fisheries Conference held in 1986. The policy sets forth the guiding principles, objectives and approaches for government/private sector cooperation required to conserve and improve the Canadian recreational fisheries.

• 64 -

Corporate Communications DFO's Communications component provides a wide range of informational materials and ser- vices related to Fisheries and Oceans' programs and activities. • Research and assessment of public environ- ments; communications planning; commu- nications advice and management of com- munications activities including news releases and speeches. • Production and distribution of publications, from pamphlets and booklets to scientific reports and media backgrounders. • Audio-visual productions and a slide/photo library. • Employee communications material, in- cluding the Priorities Handbook, DFO Fact- book and PISCES, DFO's monthly national corporate newsletter . • Regional newsletters are also produced in- cluding: Pacific: Sounder and Pacific Tidings Central and Arctic: On Stream Quebec: Entre Filets Gulf : Sonar Newfoundland: Fo'c'sle

Library Services A wide range of library services is at the disposal of DFO employees, including: • Topical and relevant books and journals organized for easy access. Particular effort is devoted to preserving all DFO publications and contract reports. • Reference services, which include the provi- sion of information, computerized literature searches on hundreds of data bases, and general assistance with any information needs. • Regular listings of new accessions of books and journals. • Current awareness services, including the fa- cility for the selective dissemination of infor-

• 66 • mation (SDI) automated alerting service, to keep you up-to-date in your field. • Loans and inter-library loans of books, periodicals, reports, conference proceedings, departmental publications. • The ordering of books and periodicals for office collections upon request, (payable by requestor's collator). • Access to Information/Privacy: advice and guidance on the legislation and related DFO policies.

Personnel Services DFO's Personnel staff in regional offices, and in the National Capital Region, manage a number of personnel functions of interest to all DFO employees. They deal with conditions of hiring and employment, your status and position in the Public Service and the Department, as well as provide information on pay and associated deductions and benefits (superannuation, health plans, etc.). They also administer union- management relations. Some of DFO's Personnel functions include: • Classification; • Staffing; • Pay and Benefits; • Staff Relations; and • Compensation. Other functions of potential concern to employees include: • Training and Development; • Employment Equity; • Official Languages; • Employee Awards; and • Employee Assistance Program (EAP). The Personnel Directorate offers information, advice and support to DFO employees in regard to these and other related areas. For more information, please contact your personnel office.