JP-f'Scientific Excellence • Resource ProtectNittand
Fisheries Peches and Qceans et Ocean<, Promoting the Understanding, Conservation and Beneficial Use of Our National Aquatic Resources
Statement he people of Canada have vested in the Minister of T Fisheries and Oceans the leadership for on Values understanding and conserving Canada's Aquatic Resources and facilitating their development and use, for the benefit of present and future generations.
As employees of Fisheries and Oceans:
Our Raison d'être: e strive to manage and protect these aquatic Wresources and facilitate their development and use Our Clients for the maximum benefit of the people of Canada — and their owners and users.
Our Approach: e seek and communicate knowledge and Wunderstanding to promote informed, confident and Knowledge and consultative decision-making which blends scientific and Consultation socio-economic consideration. Our Aim: e take pride in our world-class standard of Wexcellence and integrity in all we do and continually Excellence seek to improve the quality of our programs and services.
Our Strength: e recognize that the successful delivery of our Wprograms and services rests in the dedication and Our People enthusiasm of our departmental team who merit fair, honest and dignified treatment and recognition for their accomplishments.
Our Pride: e work together, with a common purpose, in an VII atmosphere of mutual respect, open Our Organization communications and accountability.
Fisheries Peches 1*1 and Oceans et Oceans CanadiS s minister of Fisheries and Oceans, lam particularly proud of the diversity found in this Department. The range of activities that DFO personnel are engaged in is broad, from oceanographic research and enforcement of fisheries regulations, to Aharbour management and hydrographic surveying. Our geographic locations are as diverse as our activities, from "sea to sea" in Canada and at the international level. The working environments of Fisheries and Oceans employees vary dramatically, from offices to field labs and patrol vessels. But despite DFO's diversity and complexity that are described in this Factbook, three corporate themes link the work of our employees nationwide: "Scientific Excellence, Resource Protection and Conservation, and Benefits to Canadians".
Tom Siddon Minister Fisheries and Oceans DFO Factbook First Edition
Published by: Communications Directorate Department of Fisheries and Oceans Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E6
DFO/4155
© Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1989
Cat. No. Fs 23-143/1988
ISBN 0-662-56312-3 Research: Peter Robbins Employee Communications DFO Factbook contains information on the Department of Fisheries and Oceans' organization, responsibilities, activities, resources, clients, history, and other relevant facts. Designed primarily as an orientation guide for new employees, it also should serve as a useful departmental reference.
Information contained herein is designed to assist in a basic understanding of DFO and its many components. While full attention cannot be devoted to every departmental activity or area, DFO Factbook presents an overview of Fisheries and Oceans through a collection of facts, ranging from technical points and key statistics to items of departmental trivia and historical interest. Table of Contents Page Who We Are and What We Do Our Mandate 8 Our Work and Responsibilities 8 Our Organization 12 Our Regions 19 DFO 1989-90 Main Estimates 23 Our Resources Employees 26 Capital 27 Buildings and Facilities 27 Harbours and Vessels 29 Tools of the Trade 31 Other 32 Our Clients Our Raison d'etre: Our Clients 34 The Fisheries and Oceans Sectors in Profile 36 Our History Milestones 46 DFO Ministers 51 Deputy Ministers 53 Department's Name Changes 54 Did You Know? 55 For Your Information 59 For More Information 65
The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) is responsible for a wide range of activities which support Canada's economic, ecological and scientific interests in the oceans and inland waters. Providing for the conservation, development and sustained economic utilization of our nation's fisheries resources in Canadian waters and beyond, rests with DFO. Also entailed in DFO's mission is the coordination of the Government of Canada's policies and programs respecting oceans.
While other federal departments contribute Our Mandate to the management of Canada's water-based activities, Fisheries and Oceans is the only one whose primary focus is water and aquatic resources. The Minister of Fisheries and Oceans' duties, powers, and functions include: (a) all matters over which the Parliament of Canada has jurisdiction, not by law assigned to any other department, board or agency of the Government of Canada, relating to: • sea coast and inland fisheries; • fishing and recreational harbours; • hydrography and marine sciences; and • policy and program coordination of the Government of Canada respecting oceans; as well as (b) other matters over which the Parliament of Canada has jurisdiction relating to oceans which are by law assigned to the Minister.
In carrying out Fisheries and Oceans' Our Work and mandate, DFO personnel are engaged in Responsibilities diverse and challenging tasks and activities, working from coast to coast, including the Arctic, in various capacities. • The development and management of Canada's coastal and inland fisheries resources are founded on scientific research. Departmental scientists are heavily engaged in important studies, such as those of fish habitat, directed at conserving valuable living resources and enhancing their productivity. Allocation of these resources among Canadian and foreign fishing fleets primarily depends on "stock assessment," involving
• 8 • measurement of fish population, size and composition, and reproductive capacity. • For DFO, with support from its scientific team, conserving the fisheries resource and ensuring that Canadians receive maximum economic and social benefit from them, requires effective surveillance of domestic and foreign fishing activities within Canada's 200-mile fishing limit. Preventing over- exploitation and depletion of fish stocks is a high-priority responsibility, one which involves constant surveillance from land, sea and air and readiness to enforce rules when necessary. Not only are surveillance and enforcement important to the offshore and coastal fishery, but to the inland fishery as well, where fishery officers must watch for threats to habitat, violations of net or area, and survey the salmon streams and spawning grounds. • Quality and safety of domestic and imported fish and seafood products are the concerns of DFO fish inspectors who, whether in the lab or in the field, work to ensure that stringent national standards are met. They examine all aspects of Canada's fishery, including vessels, landings, facilities for unloading, handling and transportation, processing plants and finished products. • DFO employees involved in our scientific activities are ultimately engaged in devel- Surveillance aboard oping and communicating a better under- DFO patrol vessel standing of Canada's marine and freshwater
• 9 • environments. The scope of fisheries and aquatic scientific research covers a number of areas, from physical oceanography and limnology (studies in freshwater) to hydrographic surveying and charting. DFO science activities address pressing environmental issues of consequence to Canada's aquatic resources, including acid rain and the behaviour and effects of marine contaminants. • There is also an important international dimension to the DFO Science area, in- volving departmental interaction with other countries on matters of mutual scientific concern pertaining to such fields as oceanography. These are but samplings of DFO work. Departmental responsibilities span many other areas, including the administration of com- mercial fishing and recreational small craft harbours, fisheries economic development and marketing and initiatives in support of inter- national fisheries negotiations. Facts related to these and other DFO components are present throughout the Factbook. For more detailed information, employees should consult DFO's Priorities Handbook, Annual Report and Part III of the Main Estimates. DFO science: work in the lab
• 1 0 •
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Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation
Fisheries Prices Support Board
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RDG. RDG. Quebec Newfoundland Fundy DFO's organizational structure groups Our Organization operations into the following four discrete program elements or sectors to ensure that they are directed as national programs with clear and effective linkages to government priorities: • Science; • Atlantic Fisheries; • Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries; and • Inspection. Science, Atlantic Fisheries, and Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries are directed by ADMs, while Inspection is headed by the Senior ADM. In addition are: • International activities in fisheries and trade-related matters, directed by an ADM; and • Corporate Policy and Program Support, for which responsibility is shared between the Senior ADM, Corporate and Regulatory Management respon- sible for corporate and regulatory man- agement and capital assets management and the ADM, Policy and Program Planning responsible for policy and program planning.
Science Mandate: To ensure that the highest standard of scientific information is available to the Government of Canada for use in developing policies, regulations and legislation re- garding the oceans and aquatic life, and to other government departments, private industry and the public for use in planning and carrying out aquatic activities.
Science activities involve these sub-activities: Biological Sciences: including both short and long-term research on fish, invertebrates, marine mammals and plants, and ecosystems, which provides relevant information and advice crucial to Canadian fisheries management and development.
- 1 2 - At work on a hydrographic survey
Physical and Chemical Sciences: encompassing the study of the oceans' physical properties, processes and phenomena; beha- viour of organic and inorganic materials and their impact on fish and ecosystems; and pollu- tants. Data and advice are provided to clients in government and industry, including regulatory agencies. Ocean technology and instruments are developed and also transferred to the ocean industry. Hydrography: conducting bathymetric, tide and current sur- veys, and preparing and distributing naviga- tional charts, tide and current tables, sailing di- rections and related publications under the auspices of the Canadian Hydrographic Serv- ice. These activities promote and facilitate safer use of Canada's navigable waters.
Technological development is relevant to all of these Science activities, particularly in the areas of aquaculture and resource development, ocean sciences, and hydrography. Proven de- velopments are actively transferred to the Canadian oceans industry. Atlantic Fisheries • Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries Mandate: Both of these DFO sectors operate to conserve, protect, develop and enhance the fishery resource base and its habitat; provide for the management, allocation and control of the commercial, Native and recreational fisheries in marine and inland waters; maintain and develop benefits from the use of the resource; and provide relevant services.
DFO's Atlantic sector encompasses all federal fisheries and habitat management and develop- ment functions in the Atlantic Ocean sur- rounding Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Quebec, and the waters within and adjacent to Canada's 200-mile fisheries zone on the Atlantic coast, including the freshwater systems in all of those provinces except Quebec. In the province of Quebec, the provincial government exercises administrative responsibility over freshwater fisheries and over anadromous species (fish that migrate up-river from the sea to breed) such as salmon and catad romous (those that migrate from freshwater to the sea to breed) such as eels. DFO's Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries sector encompasses all federal fisheries and habitat management and development functions in the Pacific and Arctic oceans, British Columbia, the Yukon and Northwest Territories and Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. The federal government retains direct management authority over the fisheries in the Yukon and Northwest Territories and the marine and anadromous salmon fisheries of British Columbia. In Canada's Prairie provinces and in Ontario, responsibility for the day-to-day management of inland fisheries is assumed by the governments of these provinces.
- 14 - Each sector operates under: Fisheries and Habitat Management: DFO's principal endeavour of this area is the management of fisheries resources which are exploited for aboriginal, commercial and re- creational purposes. This involves regulatory and management functions, enforcement, habitat management and related operational activities; and Resource and Industry Development: DFO works in this area to rehabilitate depressed stocks, develop new fisheries and provide assistance to fishing and fishing-related activities in the private sector. Our employees also dev- elop, plan, and analyse new fisheries, including aquaculture; provide support to experimental fisheries in an effort to diversify and expand the benefits of the fishery resource; and administer special economic development programs. The Atlantic Fisheries and Pacific and Freshwa- ter Fisheries sectors share responsibility for the management and development of Canada's Arctic fisheries. The special requirements of fish habitat management and resource develop- ment in the Arctic environment are of continu- ing concern to DFO. Activities centre on the protection and conservation of the northern fishery resource, which serves as a food source for Canada's Native population and as the basis for valuable commercial and recreational fish- eries. Important responsibilities exist regarding the management of Arctic marine resources and their sustained use, particularly by Arctic peoples.
Inspection Services Mandate: To provide assurance that fish and shellfish products for domestic and export trade meet Canadian and/or foreign country grade, handling, identity, process, quality and safety standards.
These services include the development, formulation and implementation of national policies, regulations and programs to ensure that Canada produces fish and fish products that meet appropriate national safety standards, and that imported fish and shellfish products meet minimum standards of identity, quality and safety. These tasks are delivered through the operation of DFO's National Fish Inspection Program, which derives authority from the Fish Inspection Act. The Sanitary Control of Shellfish Fisheries Regulations and relevant portions of the Food and Drug Regulations and the Consumer Packaging and Labelling Regulations are also enforced as they apply to fish and shellfish products. As well, federal inspectors enforce provincial fish inspection legislation in all provinces except Manitoba and Quebec, where this responsibility is delegated to provincial authorities.
International Mandate: To advance Canada's international fisheries interests in conservation and trade.
This DFO activity, conducted in cooperation with External Affairs and other federal government departments, includes negotiation and administration of international treaties and agreements regarding fisheries, as well as the formulation and representation of Canada's position regarding fisheries trade policy, settlement of boundary disputes and market- access questions. DFO's International staff participate in eight international scientific and conservation fisheries commissions.
Corporate Policy and Program Support Mandate: To manage DFO's assets and oversee corpo- rate and regional policy and administration.
• 16 • Corporate Policy and Program Support involves: Corporate Policy and Administration: includes the offices of the Minister and Deputy Minister; Senior Assistant Deputy Minister, Corporate and Regulatory Management (with the exception of Inspection which is included under the Inspection Activity); Assistant Deputy Minister, Policy and Program Planning and Director General, Communications. Corporate Policy and Administration employees ensure a well organized, coherent management process; the provision of information for planning, control and decision-making; administrative and financial functions; regulations and enforcement; and the provision of strategic policy and planning, economic and commercial analysis, statistics and communications functions in support of the initiatives of all DFO sectors. Capital Assets Management: This sub-activity involves the management of DFO's capital assets, which consist of Small Craft Harbours and all other departmental assets, such as special-purpose buildings and other facilities, vessels and a wide range of equipment. These assets are fundamental to the delivery of Fisheries and Oceans' fisheries man- Work aboard ship agement, inspection and science programs.
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Scotia-Fundy DFO Headquarters is based in Ottawa, Ontario. Regional Policy and Administration: This regional policy and administration sub- activity includes the offices of six Regional Directors General and the regional executive and provides functions such as economic and commercial analysis, Small Craft Harbours, communications, and administrative and support services, at the regional level.
Our Regions Most of DFO's employees work in and out of a network of regional offices, research establish- ments and laboratories throughout Canada. About eleven per cent work in the National Capital Region. DFO's effectiveness in pursuing scientific excellence, conserving and protecting aquatic resources and seeking maximum benefit for Canadians from them, primarily lies in the strength of our regional operations and the ability of these operations to meet specific requirements of geographical and resource contexts from coast to coast. Here are some general profiles of each of DFO's six regions, indicating geographical and jurisdic- tional factors and highlighting significant re- gional characteristics. While these environ- ments and contexts are quite unique, DFO's regions ultimately share the same overall goals when it comes to Fisheries and Oceans' respon- sibilities over Canada's marine and freshwater resources.
Newfoundland • The Newfoundland Region comprises most of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjoining marine waters. • For more than four centuries, the socio- economic history of the province - as colony, independent nation and member of the Canadian Confederation - has been domi- nated by 'the fishery.' Perhaps in no other part of Canada is there such a deep sense, in virtually an entire population, of the vital importance of this historic industry. • The commercial fishery is overwhelmingly a
• 19 • groundfish fishery with cod as the undisputed "king" in the region. • Newfoundland Region has an emerging, high-tech oceans science and technology industry.
Scotia-Fundy • The Scotia-Fundy Region manages fisheries in the Bay of Fundy, Scotian Shelf and Georges Bank, the inland fisheries of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia watersheds of the Bay of Fundy and the Atlantic Ocean. • The fishery possesses a pronounced diver- sity: besides its nine major fisheries, there are many smaller ones; and within practically every fishery exist major differences in fish- ermen, vessels, gear and opinions. It is the challenging responsibility of Scotia-Fundy employees to manage it and pull it all to- gether effectively. • The oceans science and technology industry has a strong presence in the Scotia-Fundy Region.
Gulf • Recognizing that the Gulf of St. Lawrence constitutes a single ecological and socio- economic complex, and as such requires its own management regime, DFO established the Gulf Region in 1981. • The Gulf coasts of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, western Newfoundland and southern Labrador as well as all of Prince Edward Island make up the region, which is currently one of DFO's largest, territorially, in Canada. • The region's fishery is the traditional econo- mic base of many of the more than 1,000 small communities situated on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Quebec • Since 1984, DFO has assumed (except for inspection) the entire responsibility for
• 20 • managing the marine fishery in Quebec save for anadromous and catadromous species which are managed by the province. This federal/provincial arrangement is new for Quebec and has brought about an unpre- cedented restructuring of the Quebec Region 's marine fishery. • Between 1984 and 1987, DFO's Quebec Region went through a period of expansion marked by several important events which had a major impact on the development of the Quebec marine fishing industry. These included the re-establishment of export markets, progressive restructuring of the fishing industry, and creation of new fishing operations. • Quebec's oceans science and technology sector is of growing importance to the region.
Central and Arctic • DFO's Central and Arctic Region repre- sents 64 per cent of the area of Canada, enc- ompassing four provinces and the North- west Territories. The region contains about 67 per cent of our country's fresh water and seven of the 14 largest lakes in the world. • Recreational fishing is particularly important in this region, supporting 60 per cent of Canada's recreational anglers. Here, recre- ational fishery landings exceed the commer- cial catch. • About 50 per cent of the commercial catch is marketed through a crown corporation - the Freshwater Fish Marketing Corporation.
Pacific • The Pacific Region oversees west coast marine resources and the inland fisheries of the Yukon Territory. Because the region is entrusted with managing and protecting Pacific salmon, it is involved with 105 river systems in B.C. as well as the transboundary northern rivers: the Yukon, Stikine and Taku. • Salmon is the best known and most valuable fishery on the west coast. Managing and enhancing this fishery presents Pacific Region with a mammoth challenge. The two key priorities include ensuring that sufficient numbers of adult salmon reach their spawning grounds to maintain the populations, and allowing enough fish for native catch. • This DFO region is home to a large segment of Canada's oceans science and technology industry. DFO 1989-1990 Main Estimates By Sector • By Region ($ millions) Scotia- Central Nfld. Fundy Gulf Quebec & Arctic Pacific HQ TOTAL Science PYs 255 654 99 212 286 480 193 2,179 $ 25.2 55.4 7.9 22.2 20.2 40.4 22.8 194.1 Atlantic PYs 302 343 228 112 57 1,042 $ 33.7 22.7 14.9 19.3 9.7 100.3 Pacific & PYs 84 732 41 857 Freshwater $ 8.6 79.7 4.2 92.5 Inspection PYs 99 104 78 65 76 79 30 531 $ 5.5 6.2 4.3 3.5 4.0 4.2 4.2 31.9 International PYs 20 20 4.7 4.7 Corporate PYs 135 238 96 101 110 264 432 1,376 $ 18.6 25.8 17.4 13.2 12.9 23.7 185.0 296.6 TOTAL PYs 791 1,339 501 490 556 1.555 773 6,005 $ 83.0 110.1 44.5 58.2 45.7 148.0 230.6 720.1
Under DFO's management system, often termed Sector Management, our ADMs are accountable for achieving the overall planned results of their sector, while RDGs, based on the plans they have agreed to, are accountable for the delivery of all DFO programs within their region. The above chart, illustrates the intermeshing of all DFO sectors and regions for the current fiscal year.
Fisheries and Oceans employs 5,926 persons* Employees (including full-time, part-time, term and seasonal).
National Capital Region 642 Newfoundland 783 Scotia-Fundy 1358 Gulf 604 Quebec 470 Central and Arctic 567 Pacific 1502
Full-time 4911 Part-time 59 Term 313 Seasonal 643
Employee Distribution By Sector (% of Total)
Corporate Policy and Program Support 23.5%
Science 34.5%
International 0.3%
Inspection Services 8.4%
Pacific and Freshwater Fisheries 13.9% Atlantic Fisheries 19.4%
* June 1988, from the Human Resources Planning Data Booklet, DFO Personnel Directorate, Ottawa
• 26 • Capital Fisheries and Oceans' capital assets are estimated at $3.7 billion, including ships and specialized equipment,boats, vehicles, widely- dispersed onshore support facilities, buildings, laboratories, small craft harbours, enhancement works, laboratory equipment and inventories comprising a vast array of small equipment items.
Buildings and DFO operations are conducted in several Facilities hundred special-purpose buildings and laboratories nationwide.
Research institutes (by DFO Region) Pacific • Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C.; • Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C.; • West Vancouver Laboratory, West Van- couver, B.C. Central & Arctic • Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Man.; • Bayfield Institute, Burlington, Ont. Quebec • Arctic Biological Station, Ste-Anne-de- Bellevue, Que.; • Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Mont-Joli, Que. Scotia-Fundy • St. Andrews Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B.; • Halifax Fisheries Research Laboratory, Halifax, N.S.; • Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, N.S. Gulf • Gulf Fisheries Centre, Moncton, N.B. Newfoundland • Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's, Nfld. CODES (by DFO Region) In 1986, Centres of Disciplinary Expertise (CODES) were created in existing DFO facilities to focus departmental studies of critical subjects in fisheries and aquatic research fields. Newfoundland • Atlantic Resource Assessment and Survey Methodology Centre, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, St. John's, Nfld. Scotia-Fundy • Centre for Marine Plankton Ecology, Bedford Institute of Oceanography (BIO), Dartmouth, N.S.; • Centre for Marine Contaminants and Toxicology, BIO. Quebec • Centre for Parasitology, Maurice Lamon- tagne Institute, Mont-Joli, Que. Central & Arctic • Centre for Freshwater Fisheries Contami- nants and Toxicology, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Man., and Bayfield Institute, Burlington, Ont. Pacific • Centre for Genetics and Biotechnology for Aquaculture, West Vancouver Laboratory, The Institute of Ocean West Vancouver, B.C.; Sciences, Sidney, B.C.
• 28 • • Centre for Ocean Climate Chemistry, Insti- tute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C. As well as these major research installations, DFO operates many other smaller satellite labs coast to coast.
Enhancement Facilities • There are approximately 103 departmental enhancement facilities across Canada, ranging from fish hatcheries and culture stations to fishways and fish ladders. These facilities operate in support of enhanced yields and encompass research of relevance to commercial aquaculture production.
Harbours and Harbours Vessels • DFO's Small Craft Harbours (SCH) Directorate manages and administers over 1,400 commercial fishing and 800 recreational small craft harbour facilities throughout Canada.
Newfoundland 405 Scotia-Fundy 394 Gulf 351 Quebec 381 Central & Arctic 496 Pacific 228 TOTAL 2,255
• In 1986, a harbour management plan was announced to improve conditions in Canada's commercial fishing harbours and give the SCH program a planned approach to the future. Recreational small • The plan paved the way for a major revitali- craft harbour zation program which, in addition to reduc- ing a backlog of repairs, introduced the es- tablishment of local "Harbour Authorities" - management groups appointed by fisher- men's organizations and local governments. The presence of Harbour Authorities at particular harbours ensures that the users of SCH facilities have more responsibility for their management and operating costs.
• 2 9 • Vessels Fisheries and Oceans operates an extensive fleet made up of its own vessels and chartered vessels. These vessels are used for biological sciences, fisheries management, physical and chemical sciences, hydrographic surveys, surveillance and enforcement as well as provision of ship support to the programs of other departments, agencies and institutions.
Major DFO Vessels Life Vessel Year Expect- Length Region Name Primary Purpose Built ancy (m) Home Port
Nfld Leonard J. Fisheries patrol 1985 35 72 St. John's, Nfld Cowley Cape Roger Fisheries patrol 1977 25 62 St. John's, Nfld Wilfred Fisheries research 1982 25 51 St. John's, Nfld Templeman Maxwell** Hydrography/ 1961 20 35 St. John's, Nfld Oceanography
Scotia- Chebucto' Fisheries patrol 1966 35 55 Dartmouth, N.S. Fundy Cygnus Fisheries patrol 1982 25 62 Dartmouth, N.S. Louisbourg Fisheries patrol 1977 20 37 Dartmouth, N.S. A. Needier Fisheries research 1982 25 50 Dartmouth, N.S. E.E. Prince Fisheries research 1966 25 40 Dartmouth, N.S. Baffin* Hydrography/ 1956 35 87 Dartmouth, N.S. Oceanography Dawson Oceanography/ 1967 30 65 Dartmouth, N.S. Hydrography Hudson' Oceanography/ 1963 40 91 Dartmouth, N.S. Hydrography F.C.G. Smith Hydrography 1986 25 30 Dartmouth, N.S.
Quebec Pierre Fortin* Fisheries patrol 1975 30 30 Quebec City, Que Louis M. Lauzier Oceanography/ 1977 20 37 Quebec City, Que Hydrography
Central Bayfield Limnology/ 1960 22 31 Burlington. Ont. and Arctic Hydrography Limnos Limnology/ 1968 30 45 Burlington, Ont. Hydrography
Pacific James Sinclair Fisheries patrol 1981 20 37 Sidney, B.C. Tanu' Fisheries patrol 1968 35 52 Sidney, B.C. Parizeau• Oceanography/ 1967 35 65 Sidney, B.C. Hydrography Vector Oceanography 1967 35 40 Sidney, B.C. John P. Tully Hydrography/ 1985 25 69 Sidney, B.C. Oceanography W.E. Ricker Fisheries research 1978 25 55 Nanaimo, B.C.
* Midlife refit (MLR) will extend useful life by 10 to 15 years. PARIZEAU, BAFFIN, TANU and CHEBUCTO MLRs completed; HUDSON MLR Phase I scheduled for 1987-88, Phase II scheduled for 1988-89 and 1989-90; PIERRE FORTIN MLR - scheduled for 1988-89; MAXWELL replacement is scheduled for delivery in 1990-91.
• 30 • Tools of the Trade State-of-the-art scientific equipment is utilized in DFO's day-to-day science operations. Some of the major tools DFO uses (and has assisted in developing) include: • Optical Zooplankton counter (device which counts and sizes zooplankton); • Batfish (remotely controlled underwater probe which dives and climbs to record various ocean readings); • DOLPHINDeep Ocean Logging Platform with Hydrographic Instrumentation and Navigation (radio-controlled semi- submersible vehicle used for surveying water depths); • Hysub 5000 (ROV (remotely-operated vehicle) designed to carry out studies at ocean depths of 5,000 metres and transmit data as well as live video images to the surface); • Larsen LIDAR (airborne laser system which measures the depth of coastal waters five times faster than conventional systems); • Image Processing Equipment (used on both coasts to analyze satellite data to produce information about physical and biological processes in the ocean); and • Genetic Engineering Technology (used to develop new strains of fish for aquaculture and to provide the fish farming industry with Patrol vessel the ability to control the sex of their LEONARD J. COWLEY production stock). Other • over 1,300 vehicles; and • One DFO helicopter based in southwest Nova Scotia.
We strive to manage and protect Canada's Our Raison aquatic resources and facilitate their develop- d'etre: ment and use for the maximum benefit of the people of Canada — and their owners and Our Clients users. • Our country, with the world's longest coast- line (244,000 kilometres), borders the At- lantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans. • Canada has over 755,000 square kilo- metres of fresh water which gives us 16 per cent of the world's area of fresh water and about nine per cent of the total flow of all rivers. • Canada possesses some of the richest fishing grounds and largest untapped offshore oil and natural gas reserves in the world. • Canada's oceans and ocean resources are directly responsible for more than $8 billion of the country's national income and more than 140,000 jobs. • One-quarter of Canada's Gross National Product is based on foreign trade. More than half of this trade is transported by water. The facts tell the story, underlining the reality that Canada is a coastal nation. Our three oceans and our inland waters are a major com- ponent of the Canadian physical identity and a vital national asset. With this in mind, the signi- ficance of DFO's responsibilities involving the nation's oceans and freshwater cannot be underestimated. An important government commitment to the Canadian public has been made in the Oceans Strategy of securing for Canadians maximum economic, scientific and sovereignty benefits from these waters and the resources they contain. DFO's Science Sector has the responsibility for implementing this gov- ernment-wide policy adopted in 1987. In this regard, DFO sets out to serve Canadians through various avenues; including: • ensuring that all ocean and inland waters under the jurisdiction of DFO are managed and protected in the best interests of the people of Canada; • working to secure pollution-free marine and freshwater environments for the benefit and
- 34 • enjoyment of all Canadians; • ensuring the wholesomeness of fish and shellfish products and their suitability for public consumption; • in all international dealings and negotiations regarding fisheries, while seeking stable re- lations and adopting positions of fairness, putting the interests of Canadians first and foremost; • ensuring that small craft commercial fishing and recreational harbours are in a good state of repair and managed in such a way that those who use them enjoy maximum safety and benefit; • disseminating data and information, includ- ing scientific, economic and general interest information on all aspects of Canada's fisheries and oceans; • providing up-to-date and accurate charts, tide tables, and sailing directions which facili- tates safe navigation of Canada's waters; • serving all those who depend on historic and real-time site-specific data on waves, cur- rents, ice movements, and wind and weather conditions in the design and safe operation of the offshore petroleum industry's explo- ration and oil rigs; • through contracting-out and procurement activities, DFO is instrumental in aiding many small and medium-sized Canadian companies in the emerging ocean techno- logy sector. DFO' s fisheries management and development functions are of particular relevance and impor- tance to those who benefit from Canada's fishery resources. This distinct client group in- cludes all commercial, recreational and native fishermen, fish-plant owners and workers, people in related supply industries and con- sumers of fish products. A number of ocean industries benefit from de- partmental activities. These benefits come from the contracting-out of activities which stimulates the development and transfer of technology as well as from the provision of data and services to the industry.
While other federal government departments such as Environment, Energy, Mines and Re- sources, Transport and Defence have their own specific responsibilities in relation to oceans, DFO has responsibility for all matters respecting oceans not by law assigned to any other depart- ment. DFO has the important role of coordin- ating the oceans-related policies and programs of the Government of Canada. The Oceans Strategy is the main instrument to bring about that coordination. As the federal department entrusted with prim- ary responsibility over Canada's oceans, DFO is committed to pursuing the knowledge and know-how that will enable Canada to under- stand its oceans, use them safely, protect them from pollution, navigate their surfaces and effec- tively exploit their resources. Among the key challenges facing DFO are the pressures generated from competing marine resource use and the concerns arising over exploitation for current economic benefit, while conserving for future prosperity.
Fisheries The Fisheries and Canada, with one of the world's largest com- Oceans Sectors in mercial fishing industries, stands alone as the Profile leading exporter of fish and fish products. • Our industry employs more than 130,000 people directly and indirectly. • While commercial fishing accounts for only about 0.9 per cent of Canada's GNP, it is ex- tremely important in the economies of coastal provinces. On the Atlantic coast, for example, more than one-quarter of the resi- dents live in some 1,300 fishing commu- nities, half of which depend on the fishing industry for their existence. Pacific seiner
• 36 • Landings Landed values by selected species (value in $000) Atlantic Coast Pacific Coast Species Value* Species Value* Cod 319,951 Salmon ...212,063 Lobster 282,641 Herring 96,908 Canada's fisheries differ Scallop 94,768 Halibut 28,326 significantly, not only Herring 52,529 Redfish 18,109 in terms of the species Flatfishes ... 48,330 Clams 13,270 of fish harvested but also in terms of the Mackerel 9,106 Shrimps 8,934 fishing methods and Other 319,027 Other 61,068 activities themselves. TOTAL 1,126,352 TOTAL .. 438,678 Inland (Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and N.W.T.) Species Value** Pickerel 24,048 Yellow Perch 23,209 Whitefish 9,411 Northern Pike 3,313 Smelt 2,984 Lake Trout 1,004 Other 10,508 TOTAL 74,477
TOTAL VALUE 1,639,507 * 1987 preliminary figures ** 1986 figures
Atlantic trawler
Production Production value of fishery products by producing regions (value in $000)*
Inland $131,000 4%
Pacific $780,070 24 %
Atlantic $2,384,320 72 %
* 1987 preliminary figures
Imports
52% 59%