DOCSLIB.ORG

Misconceptions and Inappropriate Solid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Misconceptions and Inappropriate Solid l o rna f Wa ou s J te l a R n e Ali, Int J Waste Resour 2018, 8:1 o s i o t u International Journal a r n c r DOI: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000324 e e t s n I ISSN: 2252-5211 of Waste Resources ResearchResearch Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Misconceptions and Inappropriate Solid Waste Management in Small Towns of Ethiopia: Bule Hora Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Adane Sirage Ali* Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Abstract Solid waste challenge in developing countries, like Ethiopia, is aggravated by the malfunctioning of traditional waste management systems due to rapid development and the alarmingly increasing human population. Bule Hora Town, in Ethiopia, is among the most environmentally degraded environment due to the inappropriate traditional solid waste management system. Therefore, this study was intended to investigate the public awareness and concern to the ever worsening environmental pollution and why the traditional waste disposal systems can stay dominant in the town. Data were collected using door-to-door close-ended questionnaire by a simple random sampling technique. The findings showed that plastics and festal; fruits, chat leaves and vegetables; and metals and cans respectively made 48(+5)%, 18 (+2)% and 11 (+3)% of the solid waste pool. Variations in the awareness and concern to various environmental degradation among different age groups was clearly seen where people under the age of forty showed better understanding. Response findings showed that the dominant solid waste disposal system is open air burning (42%) followed by open field dumping (36%) showing that the current solid waste management systems is traditional and inappropriate. Moreover, 50% of the respondent above age 40 and 30% of the respondents below age 40 believe that open solid waste burning is a good and long stayed tradition; and it is also undeniable that 35% of the older people related burning of solid waste, particularly during the month of December, has a religion background, which actually is not. Keywords: Bule hora; Solid waste management; Environment; Waste of the society, seems to be right and appropriate. This study is, therefore, disposal; Waste burning intended to investigate the status of the public concern and awareness to their current solid waste management practices. Introduction Materials and Methods Waste problems are said to be the mirror of a society [1]. The state of a society is closely related to its economic, historical, cultural, Description of study area environmental and other aspects. Solid waste problem in developing The study would be conducted in Bule Hora Town, the countries, like Ethiopia, is aggravated by the malfunctioning of administration center of Bule Hora District. It is located 467 km south traditional waste management systems due to rapid development and of Addis Ababa, and lies between 5°35’ and 5°63’N latitude and 38°15’ the alarmingly increasing human population. Understanding the state and 38°25’ longitude and on altitude of 1893 m.a.s.l. it is paved Addis of a society therefore, provides a direction to an understanding of the Ababa Moyale highway, in the Borena Zone of Oromia Region. The waste problems in that particular society [1]. Conversely, it is possible town is among the most important smugglers transition zone where to understand the state of a society by looking at its waste problems. contraband items transfer from Kenya to Ethiopia. In many towns of Ethiopia, urbanization is increasing at a faster The population in the town is alarmingly increasing. The population rate ever in the history of the country, which puts an immense pressure was 12,718,22784 and 35,256 respectively. It is the most populated 907 on municipal services [2]. The rapid urbanization and an increasing people per km², compared to 21.1 people per km² of the overall Borena consumerism behavior with traditional way of waste disposal resulted Zone. in serious challenges. This waste is not being adequately managed because of lack of concern, financial constraint and less priority; as a Sampling design consequence it has created a serious negative externalities on human and environmental health. Data sources and the required data type: All required data were collected both from primary and secondary sources. The primary Waste disposal in Bule Hora Town seems up to the individual households and usually people burn plastics, tires, old clothes and others in the street, around their house, and in any open spaces. The *Corresponding author: Adane Sirage Ali, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Sub smoke from such burning activity is extremely offensive and probably City Wo. 11, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel: +251-911149050; Fax: +251-911149050; is causing serious human health problems. Plastics and pieces of E-mail: [email protected] materials scattered everywhere on the surface or partly buried in the Received January 12, 2018; Accepted January 27, 2018; Published February dust together with dusty nature of the area apparently caused complete 03, 2018 loss of aesthetics. The population is growing rapidly and it is clear that Citation: Ali AS (2018) Misconceptions and Inappropriate Solid Waste Management the amount of waste precipitate is also rapidly growing, which implies in Small Towns of Ethiopia: Bule Hora Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Int J Waste that the challenge would be worsened sooner than later. However, Resour 8: 324. doi: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000324 the awareness and concern to the environmental degradation due to Copyright: © 2018 Ali AS. This is an open-access article distributed under the inappropriate solid waste management could not demand the growing terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted solid waste generation. The present solid waste management, in the eye use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Int J Waste Resour, an open access journal ISSN: 2252-5211 Volume 8 • Issue 1 • 1000324 Citation: Ali AS (2018) Misconceptions and Inappropriate Solid Waste Management in Small Towns of Ethiopia: Bule Hora Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Int J Waste Resour 8: 324. doi: 10.4172/2252-5211.1000324 Page 2 of 4 data were collected from sampled households, commercial houses, solid waste burning. The data collected onsite by sorting identification restaurants and hotels. Whilst secondary data were collected through and weighing of the solid waste were used to evaluate solid waste thorough review of all available published and unpublished documents composition/proportion. from relevant organizations. Results and Discussion In the town, there is no defined land use system, instead all are found mixed together in one basket: hotels, chat selling shops, shopping Solid waste composition centers, restaurants and small markets are scattered everywhere The dominant components of solid waste in the town, from mixed together with the residential houses. The sampling frame was repeatedly sampling, were plastics and packaging, leftover foods, old determined in such a way that different land uses in the two were clothes and shoes, pieces of metals and fruits, leaves and vegetables. incorporated. Plastics and festal; fruits, chat leaves and vegetables; and metals and Sampling techniques and data collection: The sampling units cans respectively make up 48(±5)%, 18 (±2)% and 11 (±3)% of the solid were divided into non-overlapping groups resulting in representative waste pool (Figure 1A). Majority of the solid waste was found to be samples. Sampling points were selected using simple random sampling non-biodegradable (64 ± 10%) whereas about 4% of the solid wastes technique. After selecting the sampling points/sites, the data were are identified as hazardous, which most of them are obsolete electronic collected door to door and directly from the damping sites. devices and household appliances (Figure 1B). Majority of the non- biodegradables are mainly composed of plastics used for packaging The data collection was done using checklists which were pre-tested and as containers as the area is the center of border smugglers. About prior to the actual field work. The data on solid waste composition and 32% of the solid wastes are biodegradables, mainly composed of leaves quantity were collected by direction site solid waste analysis method and leftover foods. According to Gardner [4], composting is an ancient and close-ended questionnaire survey from the open dumping site practice where more cities in the world now aday are reclaiming the and garden collection sites. The structured questionnaire was used for benefits of reusing solid organic waste material. However, in Bule Hora, the selected households to generate information about their pollution it is hard see people engaged in such kind of practice. awareness, housing conditions, solid waste handling, solid waste disposal practices and their perception about the common solid waste Solid waste disposal systems burning practices. The most common solid waste disposal mechanisms identified were The onsite determination of the solid waste composition and open field disposal, waste collectors, open air burning in their garden quantification included sorting, identification and weighing of the and arbitrary throwing. Of which, open air burning (42%) followed by sorted solid wastes. The weight of the solid waste generated was surface disposal (36%), which later will be burnt, were found to be the measured at source by using portable scales. For statistical accuracy most common solid waste disposal practices in the town (Figure 2). large and frequent samples were taken from randomly selected Only 14% percent of the respondents collect solid wastes at home and sampling points in the sampling frame. give to waste collectors; whereas about 8% of the respondents throw solid and liquid waste arbitrary to their surroundings (Figure 2). It is Sample size determination: The heterogeneous sampling sites in clear to see that about 78% of the solid waste is managed by burning. the sampling frame consisted of a total of 1000 housing units.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Report on Field Trip to Provide Technical Support in Emergency Preparedness and Response
    World Health Organisation (WHO) Emergency Humanitarian Action (EHA) Ethiopia Programme Report on field trip to provide technical support in emergency preparedness and response to Oromiya Regional State Ethiopia 13th March 2007 – 23rd March 2007 Report prepared by: Amey Kouwonou, MD, MSc (Epidemiology), Field Officer EHA/WHO Ethiopia March 2007 Report on field trip to Oromiya Regional State, Ethiopia, March 2007 / AMEY 1 Table of content Executive summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 List of acronyms ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 I/ Background ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 II/ Objective of the mission ----------------------------------------------------------------- 6 III/ Methodology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 IV/ Findings --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 A/ Situation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 At regional level ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Bale Zone ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Borena zone ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 Guji Zone -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 B / Interventions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa Science and Technology University College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
    ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Master thesis on: Hydraulic Analysis of Road Drainage Structures and Proposed Mitigation Measures (Case study of Bule hora to Yirgacheffe Asphalt Road). By Mitiku Chachu Advisor Fitsum Tesfaye (PhD) Thesis submitted to school of graduate studies, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, for the in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Masters of Science in Civil engineering (Hydraulic Engineering Major) June, 2018 APPROVAL PAGE This MSc thesis entitled with “Hydraulic Analysis of Road Drainage Structures and Proposed Mitigation Measures (case study BuleHorato Yirgacheffe Asphalt Road).” has been approved by the following examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Hydraulic Engineering. Date of Defense: June 9, 2018 Principal Advisor 1. Dr. Fitsum Tesfaye _______ ______ Signature Date Members of the Examining board: 1. Dr. Mohamed _______ ________ External Examiner Signature Date 2. Dr. Adanech Yared ________ _______ Internal Examiner Signature Date 3. Dr. Melaku Sisay ___________ ___________ ERA PG ,Programme Coordinator Signature Date 4. Mr. Simon G/egiziabher _______ ________ Head , Civil Eng’g Department Signature Date 5. Dr. Brook Abate _______ ________ Dean, College of Architecture Signature Date and Civil Engineering i CERTIFICATION I, the undersigned, certify that I read and hear by recommend for acceptance by Addis Ababa Science and Technology University a dissertation entitled “Hydraulic Analysis of Road Drainage Structures and Proposed Mitigation Measures ( Case Study of BuleHorato Yirgacheffe Asphalt Road).” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Civil Engineering in Hydraulic Engineering major.
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Situation Report
    1) ETHIOPIA Humanitarian Situation Report Child screening for malnutrition in Gewane health centre in Afar ©UNICEF Ethiopia/2015/Tesfaye SitRep #7 – Reporting Period, November-December 2015 SITUATION IN NUMBERS Highlights: 10.2 million people, including Ethiopia is facing its worst drought in decades, with over 10.2 million 6 million children, will require relief people requiring food aid in 2016. An estimated 435,000 children are food assistance in 2016. in need of treatment for severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and more than 1.7 million children, pregnant and lactating women with 435,000 children will require treatment moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) will require supplementary for acute severe malnutrition in 2016. feeding. As of October 2015, UNICEF has supported the treatment of 291,214 under-five children suffering severe acute malnutrition 730,358 total refugees in Ethiopia (SAM) with a cure rate of 88 per cent. (UNHCR, November 2015). Over 4.9 million children under-five were vaccinated against measles during a national vaccination campaign in October-November 2015. UNICEF procured 5,894,100 doses of measles vaccine to support the campaign. UNICEF will require US$106 million UNICEF, Health, WASH and C4D jointly responded to an acute for its humanitarian work in 2016. watery diarrhoea outbreak in Moyale woreda of Oromia and Somali regions. The number of reported cases has drastically decreased and the spread of the outbreak contained. Since first of January 2016, no new cases have been reported. UNICEF’s Key Response with Partners
    [Show full text]
  • Value Chain Analysis of Milk and Milk Products in Borana Pastoralist Area
    VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS IN BORANA PASTORALIST AREA COMMISSIONED BY: CARE-ETHIOPIA Regional Resilience Enhancement against Drought Project BY YONAD BUSINESS PROMOTION AND CONSULTANCY PLC Address: P.O.BOX 18054, Telephone 011-3714731, Mobile 091-1507881, Fax 011-1550323 E-mail: [email protected] Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Contents Page No Excutive Summary..................................................................................................................................6 Acknowledgements...............................................................................................................................10 Acronyms..............................................................................................................................................11 1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................................12 1.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................12 1.2. Background of the study............................................................................................................12 1.3. Description of Borana Pastoral Area .........................................................................................12 1.4. Objectives of the study ..............................................................................................................14 1.5. Methodology of the study..........................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • RESPONSE OVERVIEW Ethiopia | 04 June 2020
    COVID-19 RESPONSE OVERVIEW Ethiopia | 04 June 2020 1. Partnerships and Coordination • As the designated lead agency for supporting the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) in the management of migrant returnees, IOM continued to support GoE in coordinating support for quarantine facilities in Addis Ababa and the regions (54 in total). Supporting the • Following simulation exercises in two quarantine facilities, IOM is planning similar exercises Government of in other quarantine facilities to prepare for upcoming returnees. Ethiopia 2. Disease Surveillance • Between 1 April and 4 June, Ethiopia received over 14,800 returnees: 4,440 from Sudan, 3,700 from Djibouti, approx. 3,000 from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), 2,350 from Somalia, 640 from Lebanon and 560 from Kenya. • IOM, UNICEF, and the Red Cross supported the GoE in receiving 647 returnees from Lebanon and 270 from KSA at the Addis Ababa airport over the past week. • IOM registered 2,408 migrant returnees in quarantine facilities: 647 Lebanese returnees 2,408 Returnees (646 Female and 1 Male) in Addis Ababa, 144 returnees in Semera, 682 (449 male, 233 registered in female) in Jijiga, 82 in Moyale (59 male, 23 female), 583 in Metema (553 male, 30 female) quarantine over the past week. facilities • Provided direct assistance to over 6,600 migrant returnees in quarantine including: transportation from Points of Entry (POEs) to quarantine facilities, registration, Non- food items (NFIs), Food, personal protective equipment (PPEs), subsistence allowance for onward transportation, family tracing and reunification, and Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) since April 1. 6,600 Returnees • Deployed two laboratory staff and supported the set-up of the COVID-19 laboratory in received Addis Ababa Science and Technology University (AASTU) quarantine facility.
    [Show full text]
  • Damage and Loss Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ©UNHCR/Adelina Gomez
    ©UNHCR/Anna Helge Damage and Loss Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ©UNHCR/Adelina Gomez TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 DAMAGE AND LOSS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SECTORS 4 DAMAGE ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM 5 DAMAGE AND LOSS ASSESMENT ON SOCIAL AND INFRAESTRUCTURAL 6 SECTORS • Private houses 6 • Public Infrastructure 7 • Recommendations 8 LEGAL ASSISTANCE NEEDS 10 • Access to justice 10 • Access to Land holding certificate 11 • Customary/Traditional justice system 12 • Recommendations 12 CONFLICT, PEACE BUILDING AND SOCIAL COHESION 13 POSSIBLE APPROACHES FOR CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION AND PEACE- 14 BUILDING IN THE CONTEXT OF GUJI AND GEDEO ETHNIC GROUPS • Building Trust 14 • Developing social cohesion 15 • Supporting local buy-in 15 • Recommendations 16 APPENDIX 1 18 - 2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Damage and Loss Assessment in West Guji Bule Hora University initiated a Damage and Loss Assessment (DaLA) in West Guji zone in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the West Guji Zonal Disaster Risk Management Office to assess loss and damages incurred during the intercommunal conflict between the Gedeo and Guji people in 2018, which displaced hundreds of thousands. The assessment also analyzed legal assistance needs, as well as the potential for peace-building and social cohesion. A total of 78,257HHs (508,671 individuals) with an average family size of 6.5/HH were severely exposed to multiple socio-economic crises due to the conflict. Following the Government’s initiated return process based on the alleged improved safety and security situation (assessed by the Government) in May 2019, according to the Government, the majority of the IDPs were returned to their places of habitual residence 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection Cluster Training and Workshop Mapping Matrix by Region (Completed) (February 2019-February 2020)
    Protection Cluster Training and Workshop Mapping Matrix by Region (Completed) (February 2019-February 2020) Addis Ababa Tigray Legend Organizing Agency(ies) Organizing Population Hotspot UN Women/ Agency ! < 50 1 Cluster UN Women UNHCR UNFPA UNHCR UNHCR/IOM Cluster IRC ! 51 - 150 2 GBV Tigray GBV ! 151 - 300 3 GP 4 PSEA Mekele HaHraarriari 301 - 500 ! ! 5 SMS OrOgragnaizninizgi nAgg eAngceyn(iceys()ies) 6 Cluster IMC PAPDA UNHCR/IOM > 500 Afar GBV ! 7 Targeted woredas Gonder SMS 8 Amhara City Adm. 9 Organizing Agency(ies) 10 OHCHR/ Amhara Semera ! 11 Bahir Dar Cluster AAH EARO UNICEF ! CP Beneshangul Somali GBV Organizing AgeSnomcya(liies) HR Gumuz Organizing Agency(ies) OHCHR/ PSEA UNHCR/ Cluster AAH HI IRC NRC EARO Network UNHCR IOM UNICEF Assosa ! CP GBV Dire Dawa ! GP Benishangul Gumuz Harar Jijiga HLP ! ! Harari HR Organizing Agency(ies) Addis Ababa Nekemte Town ! Babile PSEA Addis Ababa Kebribayah Cluster AAH IRC UNICEF City SMS Bishoftu Town CP Adama Town Gambella ! GBV Lagahida Gambela Oromia Somali Hawassa Selahad Hawas!a Town Gambela Kudunbur Lehel-Yucub Organizing SNNPR Dila City Admin Agency SSNNNNPP Kochere Organizing Agency(ies) Cluster UN Women Gedeb UNFPA/ PSEA Bule Hora Town OHCHR/ UNICEF/ UNHCR/ Cluster EMA NRC EARO PAPDA PI UNFPA UNHCR UNHCR IOM UNICEF CP Deka Filtu suftu GBV GP Oromia HLP Organizing Agency(ies) HR Dolo Odo OHCHR/ UN Women/ UNHCR/ USC/ PSEA Cluster AAH IRC NRC EARO PAPDA UNHCR UNFPAUNHCR OHCHR UNICEF CP AoR SMS CP CP Moyale GBV GBV (Oromia) GP GP Legend Kms HLP 0 50 100 200 300 HLP ! Region Capitals HR The boundaries and names shown, and the designations used on this ´ HR PSEA Region boundary map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Create Date: 02 March-2020 Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Urgent Need for Integrated Emergency Response in 141 Outbreak and Undernutrition Affected Woredas of Ethiopia in 2020
    JOINT INTER-CLUSTER ADVOCACY PAPER URGENT NEED FOR INTEGRATED EMERGENCY RESPONSE IN 141 OUTBREAK AND UNDERNUTRITION AFFECTED WOREDAS OF ETHIOPIA IN 2020 Ethiopian population is currently facing new crises while past crises are not yet resolved. The recurrent food & undernutrition crises and increased frequency of measles and cholera outbreaks in the course of 2019 are now further exacerbated by desert locust infestations and upcoming COVID-19 pandemic. The complexification of the emergency needs requires to bring together our integrated efforts and expertise to address them. Ethiopia Health Cluster, WASH Cluster and Emergency Nutrition Coordination Unit established Health, WASH and Nutrition Technical Woking Group (HWN TWG) to further boost joint response in 141 woreda and IDP camps of Ethiopia by implementing minimum multi-sectoral response package. OUR ASKS • The HWN TWG asks the EHCT to support our initiative by providing more visibility and attention to this integrated initiative and request an opportunity to provide periodic updates at EHCT meetings. • The HWN TWG asks the Government of Ethiopia, especially NDRMC, MOH, EPHI and MOWIE, to improve the joint Health, WASH and Nutrition collaboration, to foster joint system strengthening and data sharing with humanitarian actors. • The HWN TWG asks Donors, including EHF and all the Rapid Response Mechanisms, to prioritise multisectoral funding in priority woredas and consider the multi-sectoral approach as an example of good practice. • The HWN TWG asks implementing partners to include the pilot of the Health WASH and Nutrition minimum package in their future proposals and project design. Partners are encouraged to work as a consortium to jointly implement the full package.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia Humanitarian Response Fund
    Ethiopia Humanitarian Response Fund 2015 Annual Report 1 REFERENCE MAP N i l e SAUDI ARABIA R e d ERITREA S e a YEMEN TIGRAY SUDAN Mekele e z e k e T Lake Tana AFAR DJIBOUTI Bahir Dar Gulf of Aden Asayita AMHARA BENESHANGUL Abay GUMU Asosa Dire Dawa Addis Ababa Awash Hareri Ji Jiga Gambela Nazret (Adama) GAMBELA A EETHIOPIAT H I O P I A k o b o OROMIA Awasa Omo SOMALI SOUTH S SNNPR heb SUDAN ele le Gena Ilemi Triangle SOMALIA UGANDA KENYA INDIAN OCEAN 100 km National capital Regional capital The boundaries and names shown and the designations International boundary used on this map do not imply official endorsement or Region boundary acceptance by the United Nations. Final boundary River between the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of Lake South Sudan has not yet been determined. 3 TABLE of CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND HRF OBJECTIVES 5 I. FOREWORD, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, INFOGRAPHICS 7 i. FOREWORD BY THE HUMANITARIAN COORDINATOR 7 ii. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 iii. INFOGRAPHICS 10 II. CONTEXT, CONTRIBUTIONS, ALLOCATIONS 12 i. CONTEXT 12 ii. DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS 14 iii. ALLOCATION OVERVIEW 15 III. PERFORMANCE 18 A. FUND PERFORMANCE & MANAGEMENT 18 B. ACCOUNTABILITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT 19 IV. ACHIEVEMENTS 21 V. CONCLUSIONS & WAY FORWARD 33 ANNEXES 34 4 INTRODUCTION AND HRF OBJECTIVES The Humanitarian Response Fund (HRF) is primarily aligned to respond to humanitarian needs identified in the Government of Ethiopia’s Humanitarian Requirements Document (HRD)1 while re- taining the flexibility to allocate funds to unforeseen emerging needs. Overall, its purpose is to meet critical short-term humanitarian needs.
    [Show full text]
  • RESILIENCE in ACTION Drylands CONTENTS
    Changing RESILIENCE Horizons in Ethiopia’s IN ACTION Drylands PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES 3 Changing RESILIENCE Horizons in Ethiopia’s IN ACTION Drylands Changing Horizons in Ethiopia’s RESILIENCE IN ACTION Drylands CONTENTS 4 FOREWORD 6 PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES 34 LIVESTOCK AND MARKETS 56 PASTURE AND WATER 82 CHANGING HORIZONS 108 USAID’S PARTNERS 112 ABOUT USAID 2 RESILIENCE IN ACTION PASTURE AND WATER 3 FOREWORD MAP OF ETHIOPIA’S DRYLANDS ERITREA National Capital TIGRAY YEMEN Regional Capitals Dry Lands Regional Boundaries SUDAN National Boundary AFAR DJIBOUTI AMHARA BINSHANGUL- GAMUZ SOMALIA OROMIYA GAMBELLA ETHIOPIA SOMALI OROMIYA SOUTH SNNP SUDAN SOMALIA UGANDA KENYA re·sil·ience /ri-zíl-yuh ns/ noun The ability of people, households, communities, countries, and systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth. ETHIOPIA’S enormous pastoral pop- minimized thanks to USAID’s support for commercial Our approach in Ethiopia recognizes these dynamics, giving them better access to more reliable water resources ulation is estimated at 12 to 15 million destocking and supplementary livestock feeding, which working closely with communities while developing and reducing the need to truck in water, a very expensive people, the majority of whom live in supplied fodder to more than 32,000 cattle, sheep, and relationships with new stakeholders, such as small proposition, in future droughts which are occurring at a the arid or semi-arid drylands that goats. In addition, households were able to slaughter the businesses in the private sector (for instance, slaughter- higher frequency than in past decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Student Perception on Group Work and Group Assignments In
    Vol. 12(17), pp. 860-866, 10 September, 2017 DOI: 10.5897/ERR2016.3006 Article Number: 2C89E2965822 ISSN 1990-3839 Educational Research and Reviews Copyright © 2017 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR Full Length Research Paper Student perception on group work and group assignments in classroom teaching: The case of Bule Hora university second year biology students, South Ethiopia: An action research Tolessa Muleta Daba1*, Sorale Jilo Ejersa2 and Sultan Aliyi2 1Social Anthropology Department, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia. 2 English Language and Literature Department, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia. Received 16 September, 2016; Accepted 6 October, 2016 Group learning has become a common practice in schools and tertiary institutions. It provides more comfortable and supportive learning environment than solitary work. It fosters critical thinking skills, develops individual accountability, increases levels of reasoning and positive interdependence, improves problem-solving strategies and internalizes content knowledge. But many factors influence the group relation, such as members’ perceptions, attitudes and willingness to cooperate and contribute as a team. Therefore, this study was conducted on students’ perceptions and attitudes towards the usefulness of group work mainly, and how the students evaluate factors that may affect their participation specifically. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bule Hora University from February to June, 2015. Quantitative research approaches had been applied; using semi-structured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussion with Biology students and Instructors. Of the total number of 47 students who participated in the study, 25 (53%) of the students’ responded that they prefer group work than other types of assessment while few of them 4 (8.51%) replied that they disagree with group work use.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint UN IDP Protection Monitoring Report West Guji January
    Protection Monitoring Report IDPS IN WEST GUJI ZONE - ETHIOPIA JANUARY- MARCH 2019 Overview Since 11 April 2018, thousands of internally displaced people (IDPs) have been living in collective sites and grouped in spontaneous settlements in host communities across West Guji zone. The displaced population continues to face significant challenges in responding to their needs despite on-going humanitarian interventions due largely to secondary and tertiary displacements. In West Guji, the protection environment remains fragile. Inter-ethnic tension and clashes as well as military operations by the Ethiopian Defence Forces (EDF) against rebel-Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) persist, causing sustained insecurity. The conflict has exposed the displaced population to heightened protection risks. It has disrupted social structures and basic services making the population more vulnerable to sexual exploitation and abuse as well as illness and financial insecurity. Protection monitoring is one of the key humanitarian interventions; it involves collecting, verifying and analysing information in order to identify violations of rights, protection threats and risks encountered by IDPs and returnees for the purpose of advocacy as well as informing and facilitating effective responses by humanitarian actors. This report covers the period of 01 January to 31 March 2019. It outlines key protection issues and challenges faced by the displaced population as well as sector related gaps that were either addressed or referred to relevant agencies/clusters for which a response is in progress. During the reporting period, joint protection monitoring was conducted in West Guji1 zone involving 19 kebeles and 12 collective sites in Kercha, Hambella Wamana and Bule Hora woredas. The monitoring team conducted approximately 38 focus-group discussions in addition to key informant interviews.
    [Show full text]