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Draft FINAL BOUCHARD B-120 OIL SPILL SHORELINE INJURY ASSESSMENT: INJURY QUANTIFICATION

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Draft FINAL BOUCHARD B-120 OIL SPILL SHORELINE INJURY ASSESSMENT: INJURY QUANTIFICATION Draft FINAL BOUCHARD B-120 OIL SPILL SHORELINE INJURY ASSESSMENT: INJURY QUANTIFICATION BUZZARDS BAY, MASSACHUSETTS AND RHODE ISLAND Prepared by: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management June 2008 BOUCHARD B-120 OIL SPILL SHORELINE INJURY ASSESSMENT: INJURY QUANTIFICATION BUZZARDS BAY, MASSACHUSETTS AND RHODE ISLAND June 2008 Prepared by: Shoreline Assessment Team: Jacqueline Michel, Heidi Dunagan, James Turek, David Janik, Veronica Varela, Gary Harmon, and Ralph Markarian1 1 Michel and Dunagan: Research Planning, Inc.; Turek: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Restoration Center; Janik: Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management; Varela: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Harmon and Markarian: ENTRIX, Inc. Table of Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Shoreline Cleanup Methods and Primary Restoration .................................................................... 6 Boom and Sorbent Material ...................................................................................................... 7 Manual Removal ....................................................................................................................... 7 Powerwashing ........................................................................................................................... 7 Excavation and Replacement .................................................................................................... 7 Salt Marsh Replanting............................................................................................................... 8 Habitat Equivalency Analysis ......................................................................................................... 9 Injury Assessment ......................................................................................................................... 12 Chemistry and Sediment Toxicity .......................................................................................... 14 Injury Quantification and Rate of Recovery ................................................................................. 24 Coarse Substrate Habitats ....................................................................................................... 25 Injury by Category ............................................................................................................ 27 Very Lightly Oiled Coarse Substrate .......................................................................... 27 Lightly Oiled Coarse Substrate ................................................................................... 28 Moderately Oiled Coarse Substrate ............................................................................ 31 Heavily Oiled Coarse Substrate .................................................................................. 34 Coarse Substrate Sediment Replacement Projects ...................................................... 41 Sand Beach Habitats ..................................................................................................................... 47 Injury by Category ............................................................................................................ 49 Very Lightly Oiled Sand Beaches ............................................................................... 49 Lightly Oiled Sand Beaches........................................................................................ 50 Moderately Oiled Sand Beaches ................................................................................. 52 Heavily Oiled Sand Beaches ....................................................................................... 54 Marsh Habitat ................................................................................................................................ 57 Injury by Category .................................................................................................................. 59 Very Lightly Oiled Marshes ....................................................................................... 59 Lightly Oiled Marshes ................................................................................................ 61 Moderately Oiled Marshes .......................................................................................... 62 Heavily Oiled Marshes ............................................................................................... 64 Heavily and Moderately Oiled Eroding Marshes ....................................................... 66 Injury Summary ............................................................................................................................ 78 References Cited ........................................................................................................................... 80 Appendix A – Ecological Services and Functions Appendix B – Threatened and Endangered Plant Species Survey Appendix C – May 2003 Sediment Chemistry Data – Total PAHs, TOCs, and Alkanes Appendix D – January 2004 Sediment Chemistry Data – EPHs Appendix E – 2003 Weathered Oil Chemistry Data – Total PAHs Appendix F – 2004 Weathered Oil Chemistry Data – Total PAHs i Appendix G – Unassessed Shorelines in Rhode Island Appendix H – Ram Island Erosion Study Appendix I – Methods for Determining Injury from Oiling and Enhanced Erosion of Marshes on Ram Island, Long Island, and Leisure Shores Appendix J –Responsible Party Addendum to the Injury Report ii List of Acronyms AAT Aquatics Assessment Team BISRS Brant Island Sediment Replacement Site BWAT Bird and Wildlife Assessment Team CBSRS Crescent Beach Sediment Replacement Site DSAYs Discounted service-acre-years EPH Extractable petroleum hydrocarbons ER-L Effects range-low ER-M Effects range-medium ESI Environmental Sensitivity Index GC/MS Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry HEA Habitat Equivalency Analysis IRAC Immediate Response Action Completion LISRS Long Island Sediment Replacement Site MADEP Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection MACZM Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management MCP Massachusetts Contingency Plan NHP Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NRDA Natural resource damage assessment OPA Oil Pollution Act of 1990 PAH Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon RIDEM Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management RP Responsible Party SAT Shoreline Assessment Team SCAT Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Team T&E Threatened and endangered THPAH Total high molecular weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon TLPAH Total low molecular weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon TOC Total organic carbon USCG U.S. Coast Guard USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On 27 April 2003, the T/B Bouchard B-120 released an estimated volume up to 98,000 gallons of a heavy fuel oil into Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Over 85 miles of shoreline in Massachusetts (MA) and over 17 miles in Rhode Island (RI) were documented as being oiled. As part of natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) activities associated with the spill, the Shoreline Assessment Team (SAT) collected and analyzed data to determine the nature and extent of the shoreline injuries caused by the spill. The SAT is made up of natural resource Trustees (Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management – Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and the Responsible Party (Bouchard Transportation Company). Research Planning, Inc. provided technical assistance to the Trustees; ENTRIX, Inc. is the technical representative for the Responsible Party. This report presents the cooperative assessment to generate a quantitative measure of shoreline injury as a result of the Bouchard B-120 spill. Shorelines provide a wide variety of ecological services and functions depending on the composition of the shoreline. The MA and RI shorelines were differentiated into three broad habitat categories for the purpose of the NRDA: coarse substrate, sand beach, and tidal salt marsh (see Shoreline Injury Assessment: Exposure Characterization for more detail on the shoreline types). All three categories provide a habitat for a variety of species from algae to vertebrates and play a major role in food-web support as well as other ecological services. The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Team (SCAT) data, data from beached bird surveys, and observations gathered during the September 2003 and August 2004 site surveys were used to define the oil exposure to the shorelines. Four major oiling categories were created for the three shoreline types based on percent cover and oil band width: very light, light, moderate, and heavy. The area of each injury category was estimated using methods described in the report Bouchard B-120 Oil Spill Shoreline Injury Assessment: Exposure Characterization. The SAT analyzed the data
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