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2011 DCN.Indd MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT ISEASE ONTROL EWSLETTER OF HEALTH D C N Volume 39, Number 1 (pages 1-28) 2012 Annual Summary of Communicable Diseases Reported to the Minnesota Department of Health, 2011 Introduction Act (Section 13.38). Provisions of Incidence rates in this report were Assessment of the population’s the Health Insurance Portability and calculated using disease-specifi c health is a core public health function. Accountability Act (HIPAA) allow for numerator data collected by MDH and Surveillance for communicable routine disease reporting without a standardized set of denominator diseases is one type of assessment. patient authorization. data derived from U.S. Census data. Epidemiologic surveillance is the Disease incidence is categorized as systematic collection, analysis, and Since April 1995, MDH has participated occurring within the seven-county Twin dissemination of health data for as an Emerging Infections Program Cities metropolitan area (metropolitan the planning, implementation, and (EIP) site funded by the Centers area) or outside of it in Greater evaluation of health programs. The for Disease Control and Prevention Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Health (CDC) and, through this program, (MDH) collects information on has implemented active hospital- and Anaplasmosis certain infectious diseases for the laboratory-based surveillance for Human anaplasmosis (formerly purposes of determining disease several conditions, including selected known as human granulocytic impact, assessing trends in disease invasive bacterial diseases, foodborne ehrlichiosis) is caused by Anaplasma occurrence, characterizing affected diseases, and hospitalized infl uenza phagocytophilum, a rickettsial organism populations, prioritizing control efforts, cases. transmitted to humans by bites from and evaluating prevention strategies. Ixodes scapularis (the blacklegged Prompt reporting allows outbreaks to Isolates for pathogens with certain tick or deer tick). In Minnesota, the be recognized in a timely fashion when diseases are required to be submitted same tick vector also transmits the control measures are most likely to be to MDH (Table 1). The MDH Public etiologic agents of Lyme disease, effective in preventing additional cases. Health Laboratory (PHL) performs babesiosis, one form of human microbiologic evaluation of isolates, ehrlichiosis, and a strain of Powassan In Minnesota, communicable disease such as pulsed-fi eld gel electrophoresis virus. A. phagocytophilum can also be reporting is centralized, whereby (PFGE), to determine whether isolates transmitted by blood transfusion. reporting sources submit standardized (e.g., enteric pathogens such as report forms to MDH. Cases of disease Salmonella and Escherichia coli In 2011, a record number of 782 are reported pursuant to Minnesota O157:H7, and invasive pathogens confi rmed or probable anaplasmosis Rules Governing Communicable such as Neisseria meningitidis) are cases (14.7 cases per 100,000 Diseases (Minnesota Rules 4605.7000 related, and potentially associated with population) were reported (Figure 1). - 4605.7800). The diseases listed in a common source. Testing of submitted The median number of 298 cases Table 1 (page 2) must be reported isolates also allows detection and (range, 139 to 782 cases) reported to MDH. As stated in the rules, monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, from 2004 through 2011 is also physicians, health care facilities, which continues to be an important continued on page 4 laboratories, veterinarians, and others problem (see pp. 26-27). are required to report these diseases. Reporting sources may designate Table 2 summarizes cases of selected an individual within an institution communicable diseases reported to perform routine reporting duties during 2011 by district of the patient’s (e.g., an infection preventionist for a residence. Pertinent observations for Inside: hospital). Data maintained by MDH some of these diseases are presented are private and protected under the below. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Minnesota Government Data Practices Selected Pathogens, 2011...........26 Table 1. Diseases Reportable to the Minnesota Department of Health Report Immediately by Telephone Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) a Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) a Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) Rabies (animal and human cases and suspected cases) Brucellosis (Brucella spp.) a Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome a Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) a (1. Suspect and probable cases of SARS. 2. Cases of health Hemolytic uremic syndrome a care workers hospitalized for pneumonia or acute respiratory Measles (rubeola) a distress syndrome.) a Meningococcal disease (Neisseria meningitidis) Smallpox (variola) a (all invasive disease) a, b Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) a Orthopox virus a Unusual or increased case incidence of any suspect Plague (Yersinia pestis) a infectious illness a Poliomyelitis a Report Within One Working Day Amebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica/dispar) Malaria (Plasmodium spp.) Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) Meningitis (caused by viral agents) Arboviral disease (including but not limited to, Mumps LaCrosse encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, western Neonatal sepsis, less than 7 days after birth (bacteria isolated from equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and a sterile site, excluding coagulase-negative West Nile virus) Staphylococcus) a, b Babesiosis (Babesia spp.) Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis) a Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) Psittacosis (Chlamydophila psittaci) Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter spp.) a Retrovirus infection Cat scratch disease (infection caused by Bartonella spp.) Reye syndrome Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) c Rheumatic fever (cases meeting the Jones Criteria only) Chlamydia trachomatis infection c Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii, R. canada) Coccidioidomycosis Salmonellosis, including typhoid (Salmonella spp.) a Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium spp.) a Shigellosis (Shigella spp.) a Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora spp.) a Staphylococcus aureus (vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus [VISA], Dengue virus infection vancomycin-resistant S. aureus [VRSA], and death or critical Diphyllobothrium latum infection illness due to community-associated S. aureus in a previously Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia spp.) healthy individual) a Encephalitis (caused by viral agents) Streptococcal disease (all invasive disease caused by Groups A Enteric E. coli infection (E. coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic and B streptococci and S. pneumoniae) a, b [Shiga toxin-producing] E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) c enteroinvasive E. coli, enterotoxigenic E. coli) a Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) Enterobacter sakazakii (infants under 1 year of age) a Toxic shock syndrome a Giardiasis (Giardia lamblia) Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) c Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Haemophilus infl uenzae disease (all invasive disease) a,b Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis) Hantavirus infection Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) (Pulmonary or Hepatitis (all primary viral types including A, B, C, D, and E) extrapulmonary sites of disease, including laboratory Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) confi rmed or clinically diagnosed disease, are reportable. Human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection, including Latent tuberculosis infection is not reportable.) a Acquired Immunodefi ciency Syndrome (AIDS) a, d Typhus (Rickettsia spp.) Infl uenza (unusual case incidence, critical illness, or laboratory Unexplained deaths and unexplained critical illness confi rmed cases) a (possibly due to infectious cause) a Kawasaki disease Varicella-zoster disease Kingella spp. (invasive only) a, b (1. Primary [chickenpox]: unusual case incidence, critical Legionellosis (Legionella spp.) a illness, or laboratory-confi rmed cases. 2. Recurrent [shingles]: Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) (Mycobacterium leprae) unusual case incidence, or critical illness.) a Leptospirosis (Leptospira interrogans) Vibrio spp. a Listeriosis (Listeria monocytogenes) a Yellow fever Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) Yersiniosis, enteric (Yersinia spp.) a Sentinel Surveillance (at sites designated by the Commissioner of Health) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus a, b Clostridium diffi cile a Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae spp. and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. a a Submission of clinical materials required. If a rapid, non-culture assay is used b Isolates are considered to be from invasive disease if they are for diagnosis, we request that positives be cultured, and isolates submitted. If isolated from a normally sterile site, e.g., blood, CSF, joint fl uid, this is not possible, send specimens, nucleic acid, enrichment broth, or other etc. appropriate material. Call the MDH Public Health Laboratory at 651-201-4953 c Report on separate Sexually Transmitted Disease Report Card. for instructions. d Report on separate HIV Report Card. 2 DCN 39;1 2012 Table 2. Cases of Selected Communicable Diseases Reported to the Minnesota Department of Health by District of Residence, 2011 District (population per U.S. Census 2009 estimates) Metropolitan (2,810,414) Northwestern (153,218) Northeastern (320,342) Central (715,467) West Central (229,186) South Central (286,956) (486,517) Southeastern Southwestern (218,293) Disease Unknown Residence Total (5,220,393) Anaplasmosis 201 121 106 280 32 7 30 5 0 782 Arboviral
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