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Integrated Decision Support Methodology for Bridge Deck Management Under Performance-Based Contracting

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Integrated Decision Support Methodology for Bridge Deck Management Under Performance-Based Contracting Integrated Decision Support Methodology for Bridge Deck Management under Performance-Based Contracting Mohammed Alsharqawi A Thesis In the Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Building Engineering) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada April 2018 © Mohammed Alsharqawi, 2018 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Mohammed Alsharqawi Entitled: Integrated Decision Support Methodology for Bridge Deck Management under Performance-Based Contracting and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Building Engineering) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: Chair Dr. Abdel R. Sebak External Examiner Dr. Nenad Gucunski External to Program Dr. Amin Hammad Examiner Dr. Osama Moselhi Examiner Dr. Zhenhua Zhu Administrative Supervisor Dr. Fariborz Haghighat Approved by Dr. Fariborz Haghighat, Graduate Program Director Monday, June 18, 2018 Dr. Amir Asif, Dean Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science ABSTRACT Integrated Decision Support Methodology for Bridge Deck Management under Performance-Based Contracting Mohammed Alsharqawi, Ph.D. Concordia University, 2018 Bridges are vital elements of the civil infrastructure system in terms of mobility, environment, economy, and development of communities. Maintaining bridges at sufficient functional and safety levels is an important mandate to ministries of transportation. The 2016 Canada infrastructure report card alarmed that more than 26% of bridges in Canada have deteriorated and the bridges are mostly rated as fair, poor or very poor (CIRC 2016). In the United States, the report card on America’s infrastructure assigned grade “C+” to bridge infrastructure (ASCE 2017). Hence, developing rational decision support methods that can assist in managing the vast bridge infrastructure is of paramount importance. This research aimed toward developing a decision support methodology for concrete bridges capable for optimizing the Maintenance, Repair and Replacement (MRR) actions under Performance-Based Contracting (PBC) arrangement through implementing the following steps: i) develop an integrated condition assessment and rating model, ii) develop a forecasting model to assess bridge condition reliability and predict future deteriorations/improvements, iii) develop short- and long-term optimized rehabilitation plans, and iv) design a PBC-based framework for rehabilitation decisions. Upon studying bridge inspection standards and current practices, the research introduces the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) theory and Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) iii to produce novel methods to rate the current bridge conditions and forecast future performance. These methods integrate data extracted from visual inspection and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys. The k-means clustering technique is utilized to develop a rating index that recommends suitable MRR actions based on an integrated condition rating. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization technique is applied to select the best combinations of rehabilitation strategies under the PBC scheme. The integrated rating along with the GA optimization ultimately develop a recommended work program that considers the identified performance triggers and budget constraints. The research contributes a novel PBC-based decision support framework to the area of bridge management that enhances efficiency in implementing MRR strategies while maintaining the delicate balance between the different stakeholders’ requirements and goals. The developed methodology is implemented and tested on data extracted from bridge inspection reports and GPR scans, mainly on bridges in Quebec, Canada. Ministries of transportation can benefit from the condition rating and deterioration modeling to assess their bridges’ condition and to interfere and do a rehabilitation action before reaching the end of useful service life. The GA-based model provides the maintenance contractors with optimized interventions plans that specify what type of MRR actions to do and when. Further, it assists the ministries to set the budget for such projects. The PBC framework is expected to assist both the transportation agencies and maintenance contractors in arriving at a fair contract value while maintaining the desired bridge performance. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All gratitude and praise are due to ALLAH almighty who gave me health, wellness, and strength along with the needed guidance and persistence to fulfill this course of study. May this work be beneficial for other to come and be counted in my good deeds. No words could ever express my deepest love and gratitude to my parents for sacrificing a lot to make me. Your prayers and blessings to complete this work were more than enough. Much gratitude is also due to my brother and sisters for their continuous encouragements. Their enthusiasm to see the completion of this work was above all a significant motivator. I am greatly thankful to my mentor, Professor Fariborz Haghighat, for his constant support and guidance. Also, I would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Tarek Zayed for believing in me and trusting my capabilities in fulfilling the objectives of this program. Working with both of you and under your supervision made me capable of walking through this interesting but challenging journey. Your continuous help and support will always be appreciated. Besides my mentors, I salute all my friends who assisted and supported me throughout my studies. I also acknowledge the helpful comments and support of my colleagues at the Construction Automation Lab. With them, I shared wonderful years of my life and together we had unforgettable memories. I appreciate your consistent help. May ALLAH bless you all. Last but not least, appreciations are given for all the Staff and Faculty members at the Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering at Concordia University. v Table of Contents List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. x List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ xiii List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH MOTIVATION ....................................................... 1 1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT .................................................................................................. 4 1.3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................ 5 1.4. SUMMARY OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................. 5 1.5. THESIS ORGANIZATION ................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................... 9 2.1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 9 2.2. DETERIORATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGES ............................................................. 12 2.3. CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF BRIDGES ................................................................... 15 2.3.1. Current Practices and Methods for Condition Assessment .................................... 16 2.3.2. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) .................................................................... 21 2.3.3. Condition Rating Systems for Bridges ................................................................... 24 2.3.4. k-Means Clustering Technique .............................................................................. 27 2.4. BRIDGE DETERIORATION MODELING ..................................................................... 28 2.4.1. Common Deterioration Models ............................................................................. 29 2.4.2. Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) ................................................................... 33 2.4.3. After-Repair Deterioration ..................................................................................... 36 2.5. BRIDGE DECISION-MAKING AND OPTIMIZATION ................................................ 38 2.5.1. Decisions at Project, Network, and Combined Project & Network Levels ........... 40 2.5.2. Genetic Algorithms ................................................................................................ 42 2.5.3. Maintaining Bridges under Performance-Based Contracting (PBC) ..................... 44 vi 2.6. PERFORMANCE-BASED CONTRACTING (PBC) ....................................................... 45 2.6.1. Background on Performance-Based Contracting ................................................... 47 2.6.2. Performance-Based Contracting Application ........................................................ 48 2.6.3. Benefits of Performance-Based Contracting .......................................................... 49 2.6.4. Risks in Performance-Based Contracting .............................................................
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