DOCSLIB.ORG

Media and HIV/AIDS in East and Southern Africa: a Resource Book

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Media and HIV/AIDS in East and Southern Africa: a Resource Book SOUTHERN AFRICA: A resource book © The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization — 2000 This book has been prepared by the Communication Division of UNESCO. Editor: S.T. Kwame Boafo in collaboration with Carlos A. Arnaldo. The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughoutthis publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area, or ofits authorities or concerning the delimination ofits frontiers or boundaries. Layout & cover design: Eric Loddé Printed by: Panoply TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. GENERAL REVIEW Introduction S.T) Kwame Boafo and Martin Foreman CHAPTER | ABC of HIV/AIDS 15 Martin Foreman CHAPTER 2 Ethical Guide 25 Martin Foreman CHAPTER 3 Media functions in HIV/AIDS prevention and management 37 Wambui Kiai PART Il. INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING ON CAUSES AND SPREAD OF HIV/AIDS: CASE STUDIES CHAPTER 4 Highly mobile population drives the spread of HIV/AIDSin Kenya 51 Rose Lukalo CHAPTER 5 The impact of migrant populations on the spread of HIV/AIDS in Uganda 63 Charles B. Rwabukwali et al. CHAPTER 6 Migrants with HIV/AIDS: A challenge to the media in Tanzania 70 Mkasafari Mlay CHAPTER 7 The impact of negative cultural practices on the spread of HIV/AIDS in Zambia 75 Parkie Mbozi CHAPTER 8 In Namibia AIDSis stalking the active at work whoare also the active in bed 83 Rukee Tjingaete PARTIll. CONTENT ANALYSES OF MEDIA COVERAGE OF HIV/AIDS CHAPTER 9 Mass media and the AIDS pandemic in Kenya, 1997-98: A moral panic perspective 91 Lewis Odhiambo CHAPTER 10 The coverage of HIV/AIDS in Ugandan media: A content analysis study 109 Nassanga Goretti Linda CHAPTER 11 The Zambian newspapers and AIDS 121 Francis P. Kasoma CHAPTER 12 The coverage of HIV/AIDS in Namibian media: A content analysis study 133 Kingo J. Mchombu | PART GENERAL REVIEW INTRODUCTION S.T. Kwame Boafo, Martin Foreman, Sector of Communication, Panos Institute, Information and Informatics, London, England UNESCO, Paris, France The HIV/AIDS epidemic — the epidemic of often confused response to AIDS, sometimes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome that spreading fear and hostility, sometimes pro- results from infection with Human Immunodefi- viding cool and accurate analysis. All too ciency Virus — is perhaps the worstcrisis facing often the media have reported uncritically the Africa today. Within the last twenty years this statements of governments, non-governmental fatal disease has spread to every country on the organisations and individuals. This can globe. By the end of 1998 it had taken the lives change. At the start of a new millenium,there of almost 14 million people. A further 33 mil- is an opportunity and a need for all the media lion were living with the virus, 22 million of to provide the leadership that will encourage whom were in Africa. the public and the leaders of our communities More than any other disease, HIV/AIDSis to take positive steps to overcomethis disease. as much a social as a medical problem. Primar- These steps will differ from country to ily transmitted through one of the commonest country. There are many Africans, from farm- human activities, sexual intercourse, it brings ers on the banks of the Nile to miners in the protracted illness and early death to men and Copperbelt of Zambia, from prosperous busi- women in the prime of their lives, kills new- nesswomen to homeless and impoverished born children and leaves their older brothers refugees, from the active youngto the resting and sisters in emotional and physical misery. old. Our cultures, languages, traditions, land- The epidemic feeds on the deep divisions scapes and histories are rich and varied; our within our societies — illiteracy, ignorance, potential without limit. This resource book poverty and inequality between the sexes — and cannot reflect such variety and wealth; it can, deepensthose divisions by making our commu- however, speak to our common humanity, nities poorer. helping us to share our experiences and unite In all but a few countries, the response to our response. HIV/AIDS can be defeated; it AIDShas been inadequate. Millions of men and needs only the commonwill to do so. women whoare fully aware of the threat of HIV are unwilling or unable to protect themselves and HIV: WHAT IT IS, WHAT IT DOES their partners. Community, religious and politi- cal leaders have failed to understand the extent HIV is a virus — an organism too small to be and the complex nature of the epidemic and have seen by the naked eye. Viruses survive by failed to provide the leadership required to pro- entering and reproducing within the living tect their citizens’ lives and livelihoods. Andall cells of larger organisms. HIV belongs to the too often the reaction towards those affected by class knownasretroviruses, whose reproduc- the disease has been fear, hatred and contempt tion is based on RNA(ribonucleic acid) rather instead of the compassion and assistance that than DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). they and society as a whole require. HIV enters and replicates within a type of Since the beginning of the epidemic, the blood cell called CD4 cells. These normally media have both reflected and moulded the form part of the body's immune system,circu- lating in the blood and attacking disease organ- There is a 25% to 40% chanceof this happen- isms. As it replicates, HIV destroys CD4 cells, ing. That figure is significantly reduced if the reducing the body’s immunity to other diseases. mother takes Zidovudine (AZT — other drugs Eventually these other diseases, known as are also under development for this purpose). opportunistic infections, overcome the body’s About 3% of cases worldwide are the result of resistance andthe patient dies. Although an indi- mother-child transmission; the rate in Africa is vidual whose immune system has been compro- about 8%. mised by HIV is subject to any disease, some HIV can also be transmitted in transfusions opportunistic infections are more common than of blood products if they are not screened others. These include Mycobacterium avium (tested) and through injections of medicinal or complex (MAC), which causes tuberculosis; recreational drugs if the injecting equipmentis Pneumocystis carinii, which causes a severe not sterilized. It can also be transmitted in any form of pneumonia; herpes viruses; toxoplas- other situation where the blood of an individual mosis and a range of bacterial infections. with the virus enters another’s bloodstream. Although tests are available to indicate This occasionally happensin hospital accidents, whether an individual has contracted HIV, they when a syringe with infected blood accidentally are not widespread in many parts of Africa. pricks a nurse, doctor or other patient. It may That means that many people only discover happen during shaving and male or femalecir- they have contracted the virus whentheyfallill cumcision (also known as genital mutilation) if with an opportunistic infection which may not the cutting implementis not sterilized between respond to regular treatment. Others learn the use. It can also be the consequence of a road or fact when a recently born child falls ill. other accident where several people’s blood is Because the virus can be transmitted from spilled. mother to new-born, diagnosis of AIDS in the The virus is not transmitted by mosquitoes, infant confirms that the mother, and probably bed lice or other insects, nor by sharing cooking also the father, is HIV-positive — living with the or eating utensils, nor by physical contact such virus. Depending on the severity of the illness as hugging, kissing or sharing a bed,toilet facil- and on how far advanced the HIV infection is, ities or other aspects of home life. the individual may recover. Inevitably, how- ever, with their immune system weakened, SEX AND RISK without treatment they will fall ill again and eventually die. Even though sex is the commonest means of HIV transmission, it does not occur in every HARD TO CATCH sexual act. A number of factors influence whetheror not the virus will pass from one per- It is not easy to contract HIV. The virus has to son to another andit is impossible to estimate enter the body through the bloodstream andthat the extent of the risk in each individual act of only occurs in clearly defined circumstances. intercourse. All that can be said is that the more The commonestis sexual intercourse, when the often an individual has unprotected (without a virus in seminal fluid enters the bloodstream condom) sex with a partner with HIV, the more through the mucous membraneof the vagina or likely they are to contract the virus. rectum, or when the virus, present in vaginal In general, however, in any act of intercourse fluid or in blood in lesions in the rectum, enters a woman is more liable to contract HIV from a tiny lesions in the penis. Worldwide, about 90% man with the virus than vice versa. This is of cases of transmission occur this way. because the virus is present in greater quantities HIV can also be transmitted from a mother in semen than in vaginal fluid and because the with the virus to her new born child in the epithelium (the layer of cells) of the vagina and womb, during birth or through breast-feeding. cervix appear more subject to minuscule rup- tures than the penis. In the absence of other fac- contract the disease. In fact HIV can be con- tors, such as other sexually transmitted infec- tracted by anyone who has sexual intercourse or tions and howrecently the infected partner con- comes into contact with contaminated blood, tracted the virus, a woman is twice aslikely to and experience has shownthatthe result ofallo- contract HIV during vaginal intercourse than a cating “responsibility” for AIDS is often to lull man.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MAIN DOCUMENT.Pdf (2.905Mb)
    CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0. Introduction Community media has been defined by different scholars in many different ways to reflect varying opinions and understanding of the concept as it has been developing over the years. The concept of community is generally new, especially in Zambia where Community media have only been in existence for just over two decades. Despite this, there are assumptions that community media are beginning to benefit local communities through gradual removal of barriers to social inclusion, stimulation of poverty alleviation through access to knowledge of better health, education, resource management, agriculture practices and the creation of new livelihood opportunities (UNESCO Evaluation Report 2006). But there was need during the study to critically examine whether this assumption reflects the situation on the ground in areas where the concept of local community media has been implemented in Zambia. This chapter, therefore, defines community media in general from a variety of perspectives and further gives an overview to the background of the study. The background of community media in Zambia with regards to newspapers, television and radio is also examined in general. The study is, however, about community radio hence the focus will specifically be on community radio. The chapter will give the background to community radio in some parts of the world in general and in Zambia in particular and further look at the history of Chikuni Parish as well as Chikuni Radio station in the context of the broader study theme. 1 1.1. Background of the study 1.1.1. Community media As earlier stated, community media has been defined by different scholars in many different ways to reflect varying opinions and understanding of the concept as it has been developing over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Ngos Als Teil Der Zivilgesellschaft Im Demokratischen Transitions- Und Konsolidierungsprozess Zambias
    Die Rolle der NGOs als Teil der Zivilgesellschaft im demokratischen Transitions- und Konsolidierungsprozess Zambias Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Sozialwissenschaft der Ruhr-Universität Bochum - Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaft - vorgelegt von Beatrix Waldenhof aus Münster (Westfalen) Bochum 2003 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ...................................................................................................1 Verzeichnis der Abbildungen..................................................................................6 Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen.................................................................................8 Einleitung.............................................................................................................. 12 1 Die theoretische Einbettung ........................................................................ 14 1.1 Demokratische Transition und Konsolidierung als Phasen des Systemwechsels ..................................................................................................... 14 1.1.1 Der transitionstheoretische Rahmen........................................................ 15 1.1.1.1 Der Begriff Systemwechsel findet Eingang in die Transitionsforschung ..........16 1.1.1.2 Die Analyse der Systemwechsel als Folge der dritten Demokratisierungswelle18 1.1.1.3 Transitionstheoretische Erklärungsansätze nach dem Epochenbruch von 1989: Zur Koexistenz der Paradigmen System - Struktur - Akteur ..............................................23
    [Show full text]
  • Untill Now, Some People Still Wonder Whether Zambia Was Really Affected
    EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MEDIA IN LUSAKA AS A TOOL FOR THE DISSEMINATION OF ECONOMC INFORMATION FOR POVERTY REDUCTION A CASE STUDY OF THE ZAMBIA NATIONAL BROADCASTING CORPORATION (ZNBC) By MARVIN MWAPE ILUNGA A dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Mass Communication THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA Lusaka NOVEMBER 2013 DECLARATION I, Marvin Ilunga, declare that this dissertation: (a) Represents my own work; (b) Has not previously been submitted for a degree at this or any other university; and (c) Does not incorporate any published work or material from another dissertation Signed: ……………………………………………………. Date: ……………………………………………………… ii COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced or stored in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the author or the University of Zambia. iii APPROVAL This dissertation of Marvin Ilunga is approved as fulfilling the partial requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Mass Communication by the University of Zambia. Signed: Date …………………………............. ........................................................ …………………………............. ........................................................ …………………………............. ........................................................ …………………………............. ........................................................ iv DEDICATION To my dear wife, Janet Muyawala Ilunga, and children: Kazembe, Chalwe, Mulenga and Chappa. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Perceptions of Lusaka
    ASSESSMENT OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF LUSAKA YOUTHS ON MEDIA COVERAGE OF HIV AND AIDS ISSUES AFFECTING THEM: A CASE STUDY OF THE ZAMBIA NATIONAL BROADCASTING CORPORATION (ZNBC) By OSWALD MUTALE A dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Mass Communication THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA Lusaka 2011 I, Oswald Mutale, declare that this dissertation: (a) Represents my own work (b) Has not previously been submitted for a degree at this or any other University; and (c) Does not incorporate any published work or material from another dissertation Signed: ............................................................................. Date: ................................................................................ i All rights reserved. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced or stored in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from the author or the University of Zambia. ii APPROVAL This dissertation of Oswald Mutale is approved as fulfilling the partial requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Mass Communication by the University of Zambia. Signed: Date …………………………............. ................................................ …………………………............. ................................................ …………………………............. ................................................ …………………………............. ................................................ iii ABSTRACT This study assesses the perceptions of Lusaka youths on media coverage of HIV
    [Show full text]
  • Defamation of the President and the Law's Effect on Media
    DEFAMATION OF THE PRESIDENT AND THE LAW’S EFFECT ON MEDIA PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF THE ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL AND THE POST NEWSPAPER By KAMUFISA MANCHISHI A dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Mass Communication THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA LUSAKA 2017 DECLARATION I, KAMUFISA MANCHISHI, do solemnly declare that this dissertation has not been submitted for a degree in this or any other university. I further declare that the information contained is my own research and where material is borrowed, due attribution is given. Signature :...................................... Date : ............................................ APPROVAL The dissertation of KAMUFISA MANCHISHI is approved as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of Mass Communication (MMC) Degree by the University of Zambia. Examiner Signature Date 1. Internal Examiner ……………………………….. ………………….. ………………… 2. Internal Examiner ……………………………….. ………………….. ………………… 3. External Examiner ……………………………….. ………………….. ………………… 4. Supervisor Dr. Samson Phiri ………………….. …………………. ABSTRACT Zambia has had several Constitutional review initiatives since pre-independence times. However, these initiatives have not brought about the much needed media reforms, thus allowing the existence of colonial legislation such as the Penal Code, which contains several provisions, among them the law on defamation of the President. As such, this study undertook to establish the effect of defamation of the President on media performance by observing key indicators in relation to coverage, portrayal and treatment of the President in news stories in The Daily Mail and The Post newspapers. The study also aimed to establish the rationale of the law on defamation of the President. In that regard, a content analysis of six hundred hard news stories about the President was conducted from March to June, 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Impact of Online Publications on Traditional Newspaper Circulation
    CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA BACHELOR OF JOURNALISM AND MASSCOMMUNICATION (BJMC) An assessment of the impact of online publications on traditional newspaper circulation. - Case study of Zambia Daily Mail Newspapers Limited By Name: GEOFFREY PHIRI Student No. 001-918 SUBMITTED: AS PARTIAL FULFILMENT IN ATTAINING A BACHELOR DEGREE OF JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATION AT CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY @JUNE 2018 1 ABSTRACT This study was assessing the impact that online publications have on print newspapers. The research was instituted specifically in the wake of online publications which seems to be on the rise and posing a threat to the continued existence of print newspaper. With the coming of online publications we are seeing a reduction in the number of print newspaper sales as more and more people are now running to online publications for their news. This study focused on three groups of respondents, staff at Zambia Daily Mail Newspapers, newspaper vendors and newspaper readers. A combined total of 32 respondents were surveyed and these include 10 newspaper readers, 10 staff at Zambia Daily Mail, and 12 newspaper vendors. A purposive sampling technique was used to select these respondents because the researcher wanted to have the right responses. The findings of the study have revealed that print newspapers have been affected by online publications and this is mainly in the circulation of the print papers. It has been discovered that there is a reduction in the production, circulation and sales of newspapers though the exact extent is not known as people still use both online and print newspapers together. This reduction is not instant but gradual as it has been recorded over a period of time.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa an Initiative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations
    Economic Commission for Africa Report of the Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa An initiative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Report of the Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa An initiative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations © Copyright Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 2008 ISBN 978-92-1-125105-0 Sales No. E.07.II.K.3 Cover Design: Tsitsi Amanda Mtetwa and Seifu Dagnachew Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Common Terminologies xiv About the Commission xix Commissioners’ statement xxi AIDS is a serious threat to governance in Africa xxi Key messages and recommendations xxv 1. HIV and AIDS the issues for Africa 1 Chapter at a glance 3 Introduction 5 The demographic impacts 7 Core drivers of Africa’s HIV and AIDS epidemic 15 Biological and physiological factors 17 Sociocultural factors 18 Political factors 25 Conclusion 25 2. The Challenge to Governance and Development 27 Chapter at a glance 29 Introduction 31 The challenge to governance 32 AIDS and Democracy 39 AIDS and administrative capacity 42 AIDS is eroding health systems 49 AIDS is hitting agriculture hardest 52 AIDS weakens private sector competitiveness and profitability 57 Conclusion 66 Securing Our Future iii 3. Improving prevention strategies 69 Chapter at a glance 71 Introduction 73 Learning from Africa’s positive achievements: Senegal and Uganda 74 ABC must be part of a comprehensive approach 78 Male attitudes towards women and about sex need to be confronted 80 Women’s control over sex and reproduction needs to be strengthened 83 Prevention programmes must be better targeted 85 Special importance of children in the context of AIDS 92 Core elements of national HIV prevention strategies 95 New technologies for prevention 99 Conclusion 104 4.
    [Show full text]
  • By Mwangala Mundia
    THE ROLE OF ZNBC RADIO ONE IN INFLUENCING RURAL POPULATIONS: A CASE OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION ON DEMOCRACY IN KATUBA WARD, CENTRAL PROVINCE OF ZAMBIA BY MWANGALA MUNDIA A dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Mass Communication The University of Zambia 2016 COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I, Mwangala Mundia declare that this dissertation: (a) Represents my own work; (b) Has not previously been submitted for a degree at this or any other University; and (c) Does not incorporate any published work or material from another dissertation. Signed:…………………………………………… Date:……………………………………………… All rights reserved. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced or stored in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the author or the University of Zambia. i APPROVAL This dissertation of Mwangala Mundia is approved as fulfilling the partial requirements for the award of the degree Master of Mass Communication by the University of Zambia. Signed: Date: ………………………………………………………… ……………………………. ………………………………………………………… …………………………...... ………………………………………………………… …………………………….. ………………………………………………………… …………………………….. ii ABSTRACT This study is set out to investigate the role of ZNBC Radio One in influencing rural populations: A case of political communication on democracy in Katuba Ward, Central Province of Zambia. Descriptive research design method was used. 100 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 100 respondents and a semi structured questionnaire was administered to 11 employees at ZNBC Radio One. Three headmen from Shamwinda, Manyama and Selengwe villages of Katuba Ward in Mungule area were interviewed. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in collecting and analysing data. This allowed the researcher to triangulate the information provided.
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa an Initiative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations
    Economic Commission for Africa EMBARGOED TILL 9 JUNE 2008, 10.00 AM EST Report of the Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa An initiative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Report of the Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa An initiative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations © Copyright Commission on HIV/AIDS and Governance in Africa United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 2008 ISBN 978-92-1-125105-0 Sales No. E.07.II.K.3 Cover Design: Tsitsi Amanda Mtetwa and Seifu Dagnachew Printed at the ECA printshop in Addis Ababa. Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Common Terminologies xiv About the Commission xix Commissioners’ statement xxi AIDS is a serious threat to governance in Africa xxi Key messages and recommendations xxv 1. HIV and AIDS the issues for Africa 1 Chapter at a glance 3 Introduction 5 The demographic impacts 7 Core drivers of Africa’s HIV and AIDS epidemic 15 Biological and physiological factors 17 Sociocultural factors 18 Political factors 25 Conclusion 25 2. The Challenge to Governance and Development 27 Chapter at a glance 29 Introduction 31 The challenge to governance 32 AIDS and Democracy 39 AIDS and administrative capacity 42 AIDS is eroding health systems 49 AIDS is hitting agriculture hardest 52 AIDS weakens private sector competitiveness and profitability 57 Conclusion 66 Securing Our Future iii 3. Improving prevention strategies 69 Chapter at a glance 71 Introduction 73 Learning from Africa’s positive achievements: Senegal and Uganda 74 ABC must be part of a comprehensive approach 78 Male attitudes towards women and about sex need to be confronted 80 Women’s control over sex and reproduction needs to be strengthened 83 Prevention programmes must be better targeted 85 Special importance of children in the context of AIDS 92 Core elements of national HIV prevention strategies 95 New technologies for prevention 99 Conclusion 104 4.
    [Show full text]
  • An Evaluation of the Electronic and Print Media Influence on Voter Participation in Lusaka District of Zambia: a Case of Munali Constituency
    AN EVALUATION OF THE ELECTRONIC AND PRINT MEDIA INFLUENCE ON VOTER PARTICIPATION IN LUSAKA DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA: A CASE OF MUNALI CONSTITUENCY. BY RAHABE BANDA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION IN CIVIC EDUCATION THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA 2016 UNZA 2016 DECLARATION I, Rahabe Banda do hereby declare that this dissertation represents a product of my work and it has not been submitted at this or any other university. All scholarly work used in this dissertation has been duly acknowledged. Signature………………………………….………. Date………………………………………….…… SUPERVISOR: Signature…………………………………………. Date………………………………………………. i COPYRIGHT No part of this dissertation may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the author or the University of Zambia. @ 2016 RAHABE BANDA All Rights Reserved ©The University of Zambia ii APPROVAL This dissertation of RAHABE BANDA has been approved for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Education in Civic Education by the University of Zambia. EXAMINERS: Signature……………………………………….…….. Date……………………… Signature……………………………….…………….. Date……………………… Signature…………………………………….……….. Date……………………... iii ABSTRACT The study was aimed at evaluating the influence of electronic and print media on voter participation in Munali Constituency of Lusaka District of Zambia. It was guided by three objectives which were: to establish whether voter participation is influenced by the electronic and print media; to investigate how the electronic and print media influence voter participation; ascertain if voters have access to both electronic and print media. The study employed qualitative approach. The study was a descriptive survey which employed qualitative approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Study of Church and Non-Church Run Radio Stations in Zambia: a Case Study of Radio Explorers and Radio Maria in Eastern Province
    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHURCH AND NON-CHURCH RUN RADIO STATIONS IN ZAMBIA: A CASE STUDY OF RADIO EXPLORERS AND RADIO MARIA IN EASTERN PROVINCE By DANIEL BANDA A dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Mass Communication (MMC) The University of Zambia Lusaka JUNE 2010 Declaration I declare that this thesis has not been submitted for a degree in this or any other university. Full Name: Daniel Banda Signature: ___________ Date: June 2010 ii Approval This dissertation of Daniel Banda has been submitted as partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Master in Mass Communication by the University of Zambia. Date Internal Examiner: Mr. Kenny Makungu Signature: …………………………. ………….. Internal Examiner: Mr. Fidelis Muzyamba Signature: …………………………. ………….. Supervisor: Dr. Isaac Phiri Signature: …………………………. ………….. iii Abstract This is a comparative case study of the church-run, Radio Maria and non church-run, Radio Explorers in the Eastern Province of Zambia. The work compares and contrasts the (1) content and management of the stations, (2) the process of selection of programmes and content development, and (3) accessibility. The core purpose of this intense comparison is to contribute to the further understanding of whether faith-based broadcasting or non-faith based stations offer greater community participation and sense of ownership. To achieve this goal, the study employed triangulation. A total of 200 people were interviewed for quantitative data collection. Focus group and in-depth interviews provided invaluable additional information and insights. The outcome of the research indicates that there is no substantive difference between the sense of ownership and management between the two stations.
    [Show full text]