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Process to Build Social Capital and Create Change

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Process to Build Social Capital and Create Change FROM BONDING TO BRIDGING: USING THE IMMUNITY TO CHANGE (ITC) PROCESS TO BUILD SOCIAL CAPITAL AND CREATE CHANGE FROSWA’ BOOKER-DREW A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change Program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June, 2014 This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled: FROM BONDING TO BRIDGING: USING THE IMMUNITY TO CHANGE (ITC) PROCESS TO BUILD SOCIAL CAPITAL AND CREATE CHANGE prepared by Froswa’ Booker-Drew is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Leadership and Change. Approved by: ________________________________________________________________ Jon Wergin, Ph.D., Chair date ________________________________________________________________ Laurien Alexandre, Ph. D., Committee Member date ________________________________________________________________ Richard McGuigan, Ph. D., Committee Member date ________________________________________________________________ Judith Jordan, Ph. D., External Reader date Copyright 2014 Froswa’ Booker-Drew All rights reserved Acknowledgments This was indeed a labor of love and perseverance. There were several moments of doubt, frustration, and even fear. This task could not have been accomplished without the support of so many. Since my work focuses on relationships, I am not only a believer in the power of connections but I live it in both my personal and professional life. I am grateful to so many. It is my desire to include the many names along the way who have been a part of my journey. If I forget someone, please know that it was not an act of my heart but a function of my tired brain. I am grateful to Dr. Laurien Alexandre, Director of the Ph.D. program at Antioch University for her unwavering support as my advisor, committee member, mentor, and friend. I appreciate the tough love and belief in me when I lost faith at times in my ability to make this dream a reality. Dr. Jon Wergin, my amazing chair who offered exceptional guidance, needed structure, and lots of laughs. Thanks for coming to Dallas and taking time away from your family to allow me to be in the presence of my loved ones and friends to share my work. I am honored to call you friend. I love the expression, “When the student is ready, the teacher will appear.” You have always been there whether I was ready or not! Thanks for EVERYTHING! Dr. Richard McGuigin—for serving on the committee and all of the mind blowing conversations on the ITC process. You and Dr. Nancy Popp have been instrumental in leading and sharing your expertise so that I could follow. You are such an inspiration! Dr. Judith Jordan, since attending the Relational Cultural Theory (Jean Baker Miller Training Institute) training at Wellesley in 2013, I have been hooked! Thanks for serving on my committee and providing such positive feedback. i To Antioch faculty and staff for the added knowledge and wisdom that has enhanced my life, the support given and encouragement offered in and out of residencies. There are too many to name but know that I am indeed grateful. I am blessed because of each of you! To my husband, Charles, for the endless conversations about my discoveries...thanks for supporting me, my dream and encouraging me to go for it! To my daughter, Kazai, for always pushing mommy to the finish line. You will do even greater than I can imagine! To my mom, Dorothy, and step father, James, your love never ceases to amaze me! Research Group Participants, I couldn’t do this without you. Thanks for taking the journey with me and believing in the vision. To Cohort 10, I cannot believe that for three years of my life, I was fortunate to bond with some of the most dynamic and brilliant minds on the planet. Thanks for being my friends AND my family. To my editor, Shannon Kenny, you have been so patient and without your guidance and behind the scenes work, this would not exist! Thank you! To my mentors and others who told me I could do this...Dr. Terry Flowers, Dr. Brenda Wall, Barry Silverberg, Greg Campbell, and Dr. Shirley King. To my friends and World Vision co-workers (especially my staff!) who listened, laughed, and loved me through this process as well, thank you, there are so many to thank—Shene, Deirdre, Lillian, Ingra, Rafael, Leonetta, John, Tavian, and Comfort. Lastly, special thanks to God because my faith was instrumental and served as my foundation throughout this process. Everyone (and even some I forgot to mention) are gifts from God. I am forever grateful that I have been so blessed! ii Abstract A group of diverse women from various ethnic, religious, socio-economic and generations were brought together over the course of four months to determine if the Immunity to Change (ITC) process (Kegan & Lahey, 2009) would create bridging social capital as well as individual change. The group sessions included a process of assigned readings, discussions, and completion of ITC maps allowing women to reveal their identities and journeys through the sharing of their personal narratives. As a result, many experienced perception transformation regarding issues of gender, leadership, race, and class. The dissertation explores topics of power and privilege, relational leadership, and relational cultural theory in women. The electronic version of this Dissertation is at OhioLink ETD Center, www.ohiolink.edu/etd iii Table of Contents Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................ i Abstract..........................................................................................................................................iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii Chapter I: Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1 The Research Question ....................................................................................................... 1 Researcher’s Stance ............................................................................................................ 1 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................... 2 Gaps in the Literature.......................................................................................................... 9 Research Design................................................................................................................ 17 Dissertation Structure by Chapter..................................................................................... 18 Chapter II: Social Capital.............................................................................................................. 19 History of Social Capital................................................................................................... 20 The Dark Side of Social Capital ....................................................................................... 23 Bonding and Bridging Social Capital: Understanding Marginalization in Social Capital 25 Social Network Theory and Social Capital....................................................................... 33 Impact of Technology on Social Capital .......................................................................... 36 Social Capital: Dynamics for Race and Gender ............................................................... 39 Emotional Capital: The Role of Emotions in Relationships............................................. 44 The Role of Leadership and Relationships ....................................................................... 47 Immunity to Change Process and Relationship to Social Capital..................................... 51 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 53 Chapter III: Research Design and Methodology .......................................................................... 55 iv Research Questions........................................................................................................... 55 Research Design................................................................................................................ 55 Group Sessions Content.................................................................................................... 56 Research Objectives.......................................................................................................... 58 Research Procedure........................................................................................................... 59 Data Analysis.................................................................................................................... 67 Human Participants and Ethics Precautions ..................................................................... 69 Limitations of the Study.................................................................................................... 69 Chapter IV: Findings and Summary ............................................................................................. 70 Rationale for Chapter Format ........................................................................................... 72 Session 1 ..........................................................................................................................
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