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The Jardine Clan 10/26/2016 3:25 PM http://www.jardineclan.com/ancient-jardine-clan.html Home The Ancient Jardine Clan About JCS MSB Clan History Origins Points of Interest In an article wrien for the BBC in 2009, Genealogist Paul Blake writes, Before the Norman Conquest of Britain, people did not have hereditary surnames: they were known just by a personal name or nickname. After 1066, the Norman Jardine Clan Society barons introduced surnames into England, and the practice gradually spread. … By 1400 most English families, and those from Lowland Scotland, had adopted the use of hereditary surnames. Contact The surname Jardine is derived from the French jardin meaning garden or orchard . Researchers have con rmed the documented history of the name in Lowland Scotland and northern England. As far as can be ascertained, there was no hereditary use of the surname Jardine or Gardine before the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 A.D. According to researchers with Swyrich the Jardine family name predates the Norman invasion and is descended originally from the Strathclyde Britons. This ancient founding race of the north were a mixture of Gaelic Celts whose original territories ranged from Lancashire in the South, northward to the southern bank of the River Clyde in Scotland. The kingdom of Strathclyde spanned roughly from the 7th century A.D. to about 1100 A.D. Other research is establishing a Norse (Viking) origin for the family. It seems Jardines came south from Scandinavia with a warrior (left) called Ganger Rolf (ca. 870—ca. 932) a.k.a. Rollo or Robert I. The story was that Rollo was called a Ganger or a Walker because he was so large that no horse could carry him. Poppa, daughter of Count Berenger of Bayeaux was captured in a Viking raid and later became Rollo s wife. Through their son, William Longsword, Rollo is an ancestor of William the Conqueror and through William the British Royal Family and all current European Monarchs. Rollo was defeated at the bale of Chartres, and was granted the lands of Normandy by the French King Charles III the Simple (879–929) in 911 A.D. via the Treaty of St. Claire-sur-Epte if he agreed to fend o future invaders. A few generations later a Norman Knight called du Jardin came to England with William the Conqueror and fought at the Bale of Hastings in 1066 AD. This is the earliest record of the name Jardine and is contained in Hollinshead s Chronicles of England listing du Jardin as one of those having fought in the bale. (Iarden was the closest I could nd) Many of those who fought were rewarded with lands freshly wrested from the Saxon Lords and among these were Jardine, Robert de Bruis, Comyn, Pierre de Ballieul, Seigneur de Fescamps, de Jeanville, all mentioned by the Norman chronicler. The three rst, including Jardine, were transferred to lands in the north of England. Jardines moved to Westmoreland in the northwest of England, and then on to the Lockerbie area of Scotland where the family seled. From then until records were kept and land was accounted for and enclosed, the family was known as de Gardine de Applegirth. Di erent spellings of the name have been found in the archives researched, typically linking each alternate to the root source of the surname. Some variations are: Jardine, Jardane, Jardin, Jarding, Jardyne, Jerdan, Jerden, Jerdin, Jerdone, Garden, Gardin, Gardyn, Gardyne, de Gardino, and Gardinus. The reason behind this multiplicity of spellings is simply that few people had the advantages of literacy and names were wrien by the few who were literate (often clergy) as they were spoken, the spelling left up to the listener. Surname spelling became more rigid and canonical as more people became literate. The name is rst recorded in Scotland in the person of Walfredus or Winefredus de Jardine, recorded prior to 1153 AD as a witness of the charter to the Abbey of Kelso granted by King David I (1124-53). One Umfrid or Humphrey de Jardin witnessed a charter to the Abbey of Arbroath by Robert de Bruis (ancestor to the famous King Robert the Bruce) circa 1178 A.D. A Patrick de Gardinus was chaplain or cleric to the Bishop of Glasgow in 1200 A.D. Also, a Sir Humphrey de Gardine witnessed a resignation of lands in Annandale in 1245 A.D. 1 of 5 10/26/2016 3:25 PM 10/26/2016 3:25 PM http://www.jardineclan.com/ancient-jardine-clan.html The family was represented on the Ragman Rolls; and In 1304 a William du Gerdyne is recorded as owning land around Kendal which accounts for the name spreading into England. By the 14th century the Jardings were established at the parish of Applegirth on the River Annan in Dumfriesshire just north of Lockerbie. They married with the rst families of Dumfriesshire and appear as Knights in the 14th century. Around this time, William de Gardine received a grant of lands and the barony of Hertishyde (Hartside), in Lanarkshire from King David II (1329–1371) for his loyalty and service. Jardines are recorded as being present at the courts of Kings David II, James I & II; and when the grandfather of King Robert the Bruce joined King Richard I (Lionheart) on the Crusades a Jardine man was listed as a vassal to Bruis. It is believed that Jardines adopted the saltire and chief of the Bruce s on their shields when ghting with the Lord of Annandale against the Saracens sometime toward the close of the 12th century. The Jardines appear to have had a strong tie with the Bruce family through much of their history. They and several other Border families were granted the use of the Shield, Saltire and Mullets of the Bruce s as depicted on the Jardine Crest Badge and Arms. It seems they followed the Bruce s, being present at the bales of Stirling Bridge (1297 A.D.) and Falkirk (1298 A.D.) along with many other Scoish nobles (Bruce, Lindsay, Maxwell, etc.) ghting for King Edward I Longshanks of England (1272–1307) against the famed William Wallace (?–1305). Records show that a Sir Humphrey Jardine received payment and compensation for one or more lost horses while ghting at Falkirk. Jardines were also present at the Bale of Bannockburn, on 24 Jun 1314, riding in the train, as tradition says, of Robert the Bruce (1306–1329) when the Scots triumphed over the English army of Edward II (1307–0327) which outnumbered them three-to-one. Later, one publication quotes Sir William Douglas as replying thus when asked the whereabouts of Border warriors, There are many who have not yet risen: Maxwell, Ferguson, Ross, Kennedy, Carruthers, the Johnstones, Elliots, Jardines, Armstrongs and the rest–thieves but fair ghters. (Thieves refers to the Border practice of reiving , or stealing cale which was a common way of life for those along the Scoish Borders.) It is suspected they were in the Scots Army entrusted to Douglas in 1324 A.D. which proceeded into Northumberland and Durham burning and destroying wherever they went. The English could never overtake them so rapid were their movements. The Scots being mounted, each man carried a bag of oatmeal with a light plate of iron under his saddle ap on which to bake his cake in open eld, and they killed the cale of the English as they went along. Their shoes or sandals were made out of the bullock s hides which they ed to their ankles with the hairy side out which made the English call them Rough-footed Scots or the Red Shanks. Not being a major clan, the Jardines of Applegirth were in frequent con ict with their more aggressive neighbors in the Border country: the Armstrongs, Maxwells, and Johnstones. None of these early Jardine ancestors excelled in any particular way and did not become very famous; they were however fairly powerful men in their own lands and in support of the King. They must have been a rather rough old lot taking part in Border bales, stealing English cale, men and women. (In 1485 A.D. a John Jardine is reported to have received £40 for an Englishman that he had stolen from across the Border.) In 1506 A.D., the Jardines gained notoriety by murdering the Laird of Drumweiche in Edinburgh, after which, they ed for refuge at Holyrood. Sir Alexander Jardine was active in defending the Border Counties against the English. In 1524, he and Lord Maxwell routed the English near Carlisle where some 900 English were slain and nearly 300 taken as prisoners. In 1547 A.D., Alexander s son, John, was defeated by a force of 5,000 soldiers led by Lord Wharton at Annandale. This may be the reason it is recorded a great number of Jardines among other families surrendered to a leader of the English party of the period. Later that year, however, the Jardines were victorious against the English. That same year Border history records a Jardine of Applegirth swearing fealty to the new King Edward VI of England (1547-53). In 1573 A.D. King James VI of Scotland (who would in 1603 become King James I of England–the same King James who commissioned the King James Version of the Bible) con rmed the grant of lands to Sir Alexander Jardine of Jardine eld in Berwickshire; Applegirth and Sibbaldie in Dumfriesshire; Hartside and Wandel in Lanarkshire; and Kirkandrews in Kirkcudbrightshire. It is recorded that he had to muster 242 men to ght for the King if required.
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