Exploring the Cosmos Berman, Louis; Evans, J.C
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High Precision Photometry of Transiting Exoplanets
McNair Scholars Research Journal Volume 3 Article 3 2016 High Precision Photometry of Transiting Exoplanets Maurice Wilson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Jason Eastman Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics John Johnson Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/mcnair Recommended Citation Wilson, Maurice; Eastman, Jason; and Johnson, John (2016) "High Precision Photometry of Transiting Exoplanets," McNair Scholars Research Journal: Vol. 3 , Article 3. Available at: https://commons.erau.edu/mcnair/vol3/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in McNair Scholars Research Journal by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wilson et al.: High Precision Photometry of Transiting Exoplanets High Precision Photometry of Transiting Exoplanets Maurice Wilson1,2, Jason Eastman2, and John Johnson2 1Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 2Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics In order to increase the rate of finding, confirming, and characterizing Earth-like exoplanets, the MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA) was recently built with the purpose of obtaining the spectroscopic and photometric precision necessary for these tasks. Achieving the satisfactory photometric precision is the primary focus of this work. This is done with the four telescopes of MINERVA and the defocusing technique. The satisfactory photometric precision derives from the defocusing technique. The use of MINERVA’s four telescopes benefits the relative photometry that must be conducted. Typically, it is difficult to find satisfactory comparison stars within a telescope’s field of view when the primary target is very bright. -
Mathematical Anthropology and Cultural Theory
UCLA Mathematical Anthropology and Cultural Theory Title SOCIALITY IN E. O. WILSON’S GENESIS: EXPANDING THE PAST, IMAGINING THE FUTURE Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p343150 Journal Mathematical Anthropology and Cultural Theory, 14(1) ISSN 1544-5879 Author Denham, Woodrow W Publication Date 2019-10-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California MATHEMATICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND CULTURAL THEORY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL VOLUME 14 NO. 1 OCTOBER 2019 SOCIALITY IN E. O. WILSON’S GENESIS: EXPANDING THE PAST, IMAGINING THE FUTURE. WOODROW W. DENHAM, Ph. D. RETIRED INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR [email protected] COPYRIGHT 2019 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BY AUTHOR SUBMITTED: AUGUST 16, 2019 ACCEPTED: OCTOBER 1, 2019 MATHEMATICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND CULTURAL THEORY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ISSN 1544-5879 DENHAM: SOCIALITY IN E. O. WILSON’S GENESIS WWW.MATHEMATICALANTHROPOLOGY.ORG MATHEMATICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND CULTURAL THEORY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL VOLUME 14, NO. 1 PAGE 1 OF 37 OCTOBER 2019 Sociality in E. O. Wilson’s Genesis: Expanding the Past, Imagining the Future. Woodrow W. Denham, Ph. D. Abstract. In this article, I critique Edward O. Wilson’s (2019) Genesis: The Deep Origin of Societies from a perspective provided by David Christian’s (2016) Big History. Genesis is a slender, narrowly focused recapitulation and summation of Wilson’s lifelong research on altruism, eusociality, the biological bases of kinship, and related aspects of sociality among insects and humans. Wilson considers it to be among the most important of his 35+ published books, one of which created the controversial discipline of sociobiology and two of which won Pulitzer Prizes. -
Carl Sagan's Groovy Cosmos
CARL SAGAN’S GROOVY COSMOS: PUBLIC SCIENCE AND AMERICAN COUNTERCULTURE IN THE 1970S By SEAN WARREN GILLERAN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY Department of History MAY 2017 © Copyright by SEAN WARREN GILLERAN, 2017 All Rights Reserved © Copyright by SEAN WARREN GILLERAN, 2017 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the thesis of SEAN WARREN GILLERAN find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. _________________________________ Matthew A. Sutton, Ph.D., Chair _________________________________ Jeffrey C. Sanders, Ph.D. _________________________________ Lawrence B. A. Hatter, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis has been years in the making and is the product of input from many, many different people. I am grateful for the support and suggestions of my committee—Matt Sutton, Jeff Sanders, and Lawrence Hatter—all of whom have been far too patient, kind, and helpful. I am also thankful for input I received from Michael Gordin at Princeton and Helen Anne Curry at Cambridge, both of whom read early drafts and proposals and both of whose suggestions I have been careful to incorporate. Catherine Connors and Carol Thomas at the University of Washington provided much early guidance, especially in terms of how and why such a curious topic could have real significance. Of course, none of this would have happened without the support of Bruce Hevly, who has been extraordinarily generous with his time and whose wonderful seminars and lectures have continued to inspire me, nor without Graham Haslam, who is the best teacher and the kindest man I have ever known. -
Practical Observational Astronomy Photometry
Practical Observational Astronomy Lecture 5 Photometry Wojtek Pych Warszawa, October 2019 History ● Hipparchos 190 – 120 B.C. visible stars divided into 6 magnitudes ● John Hershel 1792- 1871 → Norman Robert Pogson A.D. 1829 - 1891 I m I 1 =100 m1−m2=−2.5 log( ) I m+5 I 2 Visual Observations ●Argelander method ●Cuneiform photometer ●Polarimetric photometer Visual Observations Copyright AAVSO The American Association of Variable Star Observers Photographic Plates Blink comparator Scanning Micro-Photodensitometer Photographic plates Liller, Martha H.; 1978IBVS.1527....1L Photoelectric Photometer ● Photomultiplier tubes – Single star measurement – Individual photons Photoelectric Photometer ● 1953 - Harold Lester Johnson - UBV system – telescope with aluminium covered mirrors, – detector is photomultiplier 1P21, – for V Corning 3384 filter is used, – for B Corning 5030 + Schott CG13 filters are used, – for U Corning 9863 filter is used. – Telescope at altitude of >2000 meters to allow the detection of sufficent amount of UV light. UBV System Extensions: R,I ● William Wilson Morgan ● Kron-Cousins CCD Types of photometry ● Aperture ● Profile ● Image subtraction Aperture Photometry Aperture Photometry Profile Photometry Profile Photometry DAOphot ● Find stars ● Aperture photometry ● Point Spread Function ● Profile photometry Image Subtraction Image Subtraction ● Construct a template image – Select a number of best quality images – Register all images into a selected astrometric position ● Find common stars ● Calculate astrometric transformation -
“Astrometry/Photometry of Solar System Objects After Gaia”
ISSN 1621-3823 ISBN 2-910015-77-7 NOTES SCIENTIFIQUES ET TECHNIQUES DE L’INSTITUT DE MÉCANIQUE CÉLESTE S106 Proceedings of the Workshop and colloquium held at the CIAS (Meudon) on October 14-18, 2015 “Astrometry/photometry of Solar System objects after Gaia” Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides CNRS UMR 8028 / Observatoire de Paris 77, avenue Denfert-Rochereau 75014 Paris Mars 2017 Dépôt légal : Mars 2017 ISBN 2-910015-77-7 Foreword The modeling of the dynamics of the solar system needs astrometric observations made on a large interval of time to validate the scenarios of evolution of the system and to be able to provide ephemerides extrapolable in the next future. That is why observations are made regularly for most of the objects of the solar system. The arrival of the Gaia reference star catalogue will allow us to make astrometric reductions of observations with an increased accuracy thanks to new positions of stars and a more accurate proper motion. The challenge consists in increasing the astrometric accuracy of the reduction process. More, we should think about our campaigns of observations: due to this increased accuracy, for which objects, ground based observations will be necessary, completing space probes data? Which telescopes and targets for next astrometric observations? The workshop held in Meudon tried to answer these questions. Plans for the future have been exposed, results on former campaigns such as Phemu15 campaign, have been provided and amateur astronomers have been asked for continuing their participation to new observing campaigns of selected objects taking into account the new possibilities offered by the Gaia reference star catalogue. -
69-22,173 MARKOWITZ, Allan Henry, 1941- a STUDY of STARS
This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly u received 6 9 -2 2 ,1 7 3 MARKOWITZ, Allan Henry, 1941- A STUDY OF STARS EXHIBITING COM POSITE SPECTRA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1969 A stron om y University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan A STUDY OF STARS EXHIBITING COMPOSITE SPECTRA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Allan Henry Markowitz, A.B., M.Sc. ******** The Ohio S ta te U n iv e rsity 1969 Approved by UjiIjl- A dviser Department of Astronomy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is a sincere pleasure to thank my adviser, Professor Arne Slettebak, who originally suggested this problem and whose advice and encouragement were indispensable throughout the course of the research. I am also greatly indebted to Professor Philip Keenan for help in classifying certain late-type spectra and to Professor Terry Roark for instructing me in the operation of the Perkins Observatory telescope, I owe a special debt of gratitude to Dr. Carlos Jaschek of the La Plata Observatory for his inspiration, advice, and encourage ment. The Lowell Observatory was generous in providing extra telescope time when the need arose. I wish to particularly thank Dr. John Hall for this and for his interest. I also gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Perkins Observatory staff. To my wife, Joan, I owe my profound thanks for her devotion and support during the seemingly unending tenure as a student. I am deeply grateful to my mother for her eternal confidence and to my in-laws for their encouragement. -
THE ZEN of MAGIC SQUARES, CIRCLES, and STARS Also by Clifford A
THE ZEN OF MAGIC SQUARES, CIRCLES, AND STARS Also by Clifford A. Pickover The Alien IQ Test Black Holes: A Traveler’s Guide Chaos and Fractals Chaos in Wonderland Computers and the Imagination Computers, Pattern, Chaos, and Beauty Cryptorunes Dreaming the Future Fractal Horizons: The Future Use of Fractals Frontiers of Scientific Visualization (with Stuart Tewksbury) Future Health: Computers and Medicine in the 21st Century The Girl Who Gave Birth t o Rabbits Keys t o Infinity The Loom of God Mazes for the Mind: Computers and the Unexpected The Paradox of God and the Science of Omniscience The Pattern Book: Fractals, Art, and Nature The Science of Aliens Spider Legs (with Piers Anthony) Spiral Symmetry (with Istvan Hargittai) The Stars of Heaven Strange Brains and Genius Surfing Through Hyperspace Time: A Traveler’s Guide Visions of the Future Visualizing Biological Information Wonders of Numbers THE ZEN OF MAGIC SQUARES, CIRCLES, AND STARS An Exhibition of Surprising Structures across Dimensions Clifford A. Pickover Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford Copyright © 2002 by Clifford A. Pickover Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pickover, Clifford A. The zen of magic squares, circles, and stars : an exhibition of surprising structures across dimensions / Clifford A. Pickover. p. cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-691-07041-5 (acid-free paper) 1. Magic squares. 2. Mathematical recreations. I. Title. QA165.P53 2002 511'.64—dc21 2001027848 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Baskerville BE and Gill Sans. -
Atmosphere Observation by the Method of LED Sun Photometry
Atmosphere Observation by the Method of LED Sun Photometry A Senior Project presented to the Faculty of the Physics Department California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Bachelor of Science by Gregory Garza April 2013 1 Introduction The focus of this project is centered on the subject of sun photometry. The goal of the experiment was to use a simple self constructed sun photometer to observe how attenuation coefficients change over longer periods of time as well as the determination of the solar extraterrestrial constants for particular wavelengths of light. This was achieved by measuring changes in sun radiance at a particular location for a few hours a day and then use of the Langley extrapolation method on the resulting sun radiance data set. Sun photometry itself is generally involved in the practice of measuring atmospheric aerosols and water vapor. Roughly a century ago, the Smithsonian Institutes Astrophysical Observatory developed a method of measuring solar radiance using spectrometers; however, these were not usable in a simple hand-held setting. In the 1950’s Frederick Volz developed the first hand-held sun photometer, which he improved until coming to the use of silicon photodiodes to produce a photocurrent. These early stages of the development of sun photometry began with the use of silicon photodiodes in conjunction with light filters to measure particular wavelengths of sunlight. However, this method of sun photometry came with cost issues as well as unreliability resulting from degradation and wear on photodiodes. A more cost effective method was devised by amateur scientist Forrest Mims in 1989 that incorporated the use of light emitting diodes, or LEDs, that are responsive only to the light wavelength that they emit. -
Title Spons Agency Bureau No Pub Date Contract Note
DOCUMENT LIZSUME ED 071' C87 82 015 524 TITLE Project Musics Reader 2,Motion in the Heavens. .INSTITUTION Harvard Univ., Cambridge,Mass. Harvard Project _Physics. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C.,Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BK-5-1038 PUB DATE 68 CONTRACT 08C-5-10-058 NOTE 233p.; Authorized InterimVersion EDRS PRICE MF -$0.65 HC-89.87 _DESCRIPTORS Astronomy; Instructional Materials;.*Motion; *Physics; Science, Fiction;. Science Materials; _Secondary Grades; *Secondary School Science; *Space; *Supplementary Reading Materials IDENTIFIER'S Harvard Project Physics ABSTRACT As a supplement to.Projpct Physics Unit 2, specially, selected articles are presented in this reader for student browsing. _Eight excerpts are given under headings:,the starry messenger, Newton_. And the principia, an appreciation of the earth, space the unconquerable, Is there intelligent life beyond the earth3,11 the life story of a galaxy, expansion of the universe, and Dyson sphere. Seven book passages. are included under. the, headings of the black cloud, roll call, a night at the observatory, Repler's celestial music, universal gravitation, a table of stars within twenty-two light years that could have habitable planets, and three poetic _fragments about astronomy. The remaining articles includea preface to the books of the ,revolutions, Kepler, Kepler on. Mars, laws of ..motion and proposition one,, garden of Epicurus, a search for life on earth at Kilometer resolution, the. boy who redeemed his father's _name, great comet of 1965, gravity experiments, unidentified flying objects, and negative mass. Illustrations for explanationpurposes . are provided. The work of Harvard. Project Physics has been .financially supported by: the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford. -
Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Aristotle And
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE Max Planck Institute for the History of Science 2012 PREPRINT 422 TOPOI – Towards a Historical Epistemology of Space Pietro Daniel Omodeo, Irina Tupikova Aristotle and Ptolemy on Geocentrism: Diverging Argumentative Strategies and Epistemologies TOPOI – TOWARDS A HISTORICAL EPISTEMOLOGY OF SPACE The TOPOI project cluster of excellence brings together researchers who investigate the formation and transformation of space and knowledge in ancient civilizations and their later developments. The present preprint series presents the work of members and fellows of the research group Historical Epistemology of Space which is part of the TOPOI cluster. The group is based on a cooperation between the Humboldt University and the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin and commenced work in September 2008. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Aristotle 5 2.1 Aristotle’s confrontation with the cosmologies of his prede- cessors . 6 2.2 Aristotle’s presentation of his own views . 9 3 Ptolemy 15 3.1 The heavens move like a sphere . 16 3.2 The Earth, taken as a whole, is sensibly spherical . 24 3.3 The Earth is in the middle of the heavens . 24 3.4 The Earth has the ratio of a point to the heavens . 32 3.5 The Earth does not have any motion from place to place . 33 4 Conclusions and perspectives 37 Chapter 1 Introduction This paper aims at a comparison of the different argumentative strategies employed by Aristotle and Ptolemy in their approaches to geocentrism through an analysis of their discussion of the centrality of the Earth in De caelo II, 13-14 and Almagest, I, 3-7. -
Transmitting Signals Over Interstellar Distances: Three Approaches
Transmitting signals over interstellar distances: Three approaches compared in the context of the Drake equation Luc ARNOLD, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, OHP (Observatoire de Haute Provence), Institut Pythéeas, UMS 3470, 04870 Saint-Michel-l’Observatoire, France Correspondance: Luc ARNOLD, CNRS - Observatoire de Haute Provence, 04870 Saint- Michel-l’Observatoire, France. Email: [email protected] Running title: Transmitting signals over interstellar distances and the Drake equation Abstract: I compare three methods for transmitting signals over interstellar distances: radio transmitters, lasers and artificial transits. The quantitative comparison is based on physical quantities depending on energy cost and transmitting time L, the last parameter in the Drake equation. With our assumptions, radio transmitters are the most energy-effective, while macro-engineered planetary-sized objects producing artificial transits seem effective on the long term to transmit an attention-getting signal for a time that might be much longer than the lifetime of the civilization that produced the artifact. Keywords: SETI – optical SETI – Dysonian SETI – artificial transits – Drake equation - interstellar communication Accepted for publication in the International Journal of Astrobiology. 1 1. Introduction One of the most effective methods to discover exoplanets is the so-called transit method: When a planet transits in front of its star, it blocks a small fraction of the stellar light, producing a small decrease of the observed stellar flux. The depth of the transit light curve is proportional to planet cross-section. Assuming the shape of the transiting object is spherical, which is a reasonable model for a planet, then the object cross-section is just proportional to the planet radius squared. -
Carl Sagan: the People’S Astronomer by David Morrison, NASA, Ames Research Center
Carl Sagan: The People’s Astronomer by David Morrison, NASA, Ames Research Center Introduction Carl Sagan was the world’s best known scientist in the late 20th century, serving as our guide to the planets during the golden age of solar system exploration. He was both a visionary and a committed defender of rational scientific thinking. For a time, he transcended the usual categories of academics to become a true celebrity. His life illustrates both the advantages (wealth, fame, access to the seats of power) and burdens (loss of privacy, stress, criticism from academic colleagues) this status implies. Sagan was propelled on his academic and public careers by a wealth of talent, a large share of good luck, and an intensely focused drive to succeed. His lifelong quest was to understand the universe, especially our planetary system, and to communicate the thrill of scientific discovery to others. A natural teacher, he loved to explain things and never made a questioner feel stupid for asking. Although Sagan had broad intellectual interests, his pursuit of his career left little time for other activities: he did not play golf or follow sports, take up painting or cooking or photography, sing or play a musical instrument, join a church or synagogue, or watch much television or movies. His first two wives complained that he devoted insufficient time to his marriage or his children (1). It is perhaps a matter of personal taste whether we attribute this drive to personal ego or a genuine commitment to educate and inspire people about science. Undoubtedly there were elements of both motivations present.