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Polybius on Rome Ἀ Reexamination of the Evidence
POLYBIUS ON ROME Ἀ REEXAMINATION OF THE EVIDENCE What did Polybius think of the Roman rule? Were his opinions of the imperial power that had subdued Greece and destroyed her liberty always the same or did they change with the times and the cir cumstances of his life and work? The answers to these questions will determine, to a great degree, our final judgement of the historian of Roman imperialism and of his work. The problem has recently been studied repeatedly by Walbank and by others; we hope to add something to its solution.1 Ate has turned what was intended as a tribute into a memorial. We who had the good fortune to be the friends, the colleagues and the pupils of Alexander Fuks, will always remember his tact, his goodness and helpfulness and above all his scholarship. As Polybius’ opinions on Rome must be deduced from his work we are confronted with difficulties: we are not always on safe ground in distinguishing earlier or later parts of a given context; the main texts relevant to our problem are fragmented and it can hardly be assumed that by chance everything relevant to it has been preserved.2 There will always remain an element of uncertainty in any conclusions. We shall therefore first try to sketch the background against which Polybius 1 F.W. Walbank, Polybius (Sather Lectures 42) (Berkeley-London 1972); “Polybius between Greece and Rome” in Polybe, Entretiens sur L’Antiquité Classique XX (Vandoeuvres-Geneve 1974)’; Polybius’Last Ten Books” in Historiographia Antiqua, Comm, in honorem W. Peremans (Leuven 1977). -
The First Illyrian War: a Study in Roman Imperialism
The First Illyrian War: A Study in Roman Imperialism Catherine A. McPherson Department of History and Classical Studies McGill University, Montreal February, 2012 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts ©Catherine A. McPherson, 2012. Table of Contents Abstract ……………………………………………….……………............2 Abrégé……………………………………...………….……………………3 Acknowledgements………………………………….……………………...4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………5 Chapter One Sources and Approaches………………………………….………………...9 Chapter Two Illyria and the Illyrians ……………………………………………………25 Chapter Three North-Western Greece in the Later Third Century………………………..41 Chapter Four Rome and the Outbreak of War…………………………………..……….51 Chapter Five The Conclusion of the First Illyrian War……………….…………………77 Conclusion …………………………………………………...…….……102 Bibliography……………………………………………………………..104 2 Abstract This paper presents a detailed case study in early Roman imperialism in the Greek East: the First Illyrian War (229/8 B.C.), Rome’s first military engagement across the Adriatic. It places Roman decision-making and action within its proper context by emphasizing the role that Greek polities and Illyrian tribes played in both the outbreak and conclusion of the war. It argues that the primary motivation behind the Roman decision to declare war against the Ardiaei in 229 was to secure the very profitable trade routes linking Brundisium to the eastern shore of the Adriatic. It was in fact the failure of the major Greek powers to limit Ardiaean piracy that led directly to Roman intervention. In the earliest phase of trans-Adriatic engagement Rome was essentially uninterested in expansion or establishing a formal hegemony in the Greek East and maintained only very loose ties to the polities of the eastern Adriatic coast. -
The How Behind the Roman Pax
The How Behind Roman Pax: Selected Roman Operations Aimed at Establishing Peace and their Lessons for Modern Peace Operations Brian E Frydenborg 7/1/2011 Rev. November 2011 July 2011- Independent Study GMU Dr. Bonnie Stabile 1 1 Scene from the film “Agora,” dir. Alejandro Amenábar, 2009. Readers are simultaneously entertained and educated by an account of causes and by seeing people choose the better course in any given situation -Polybius, The Histories 6.2 Lucullus now turned his attention to the cities in Asia in order that, while he was at leisure from military enterprises, he might do something for the furtherance of justice and law. -Plutarch, Parallel Lives, The Life of Lucullus 20 Let us see if by moderation we can win all hearts and secure a lasting victory, since by cruelty others have been unable to escape from hatred and to maintain their victory for any length of time…This is a new way of conquering, to strengthen one’s position by kindness and generosity. As to how this can be done, some ideas have occurred to me and many more can be found. I should like you to turn some attention to the matter. -Caesar, Caesar to Oppius and Cornelius, Greeting 1 Preface a.) Why I Chose This Topic For much of American history until relatively recently, the educated elites of America, from the colonial era until into the 20th century, were steeped in an education that emphasized the Greco-Roman classics, learning Greek and Latin, and reading the authors of antiquity. Such trends were especially exemplified by the Founding Fathers. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10444-0 — Rome and the Third Macedonian War Paul J
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10444-0 — Rome and the Third Macedonian War Paul J. Burton Index More Information Index Abdera, Greek city on the h racian coast, 15n. second year 41 , 60 , 174 political disruption sparked by Roman h ird Macedonian War embassy, 143 second year troubles with Sparta, 13 , 82n. 23 brutalized by Hortensius, 140 Acilius Glabrio, M’. (cos. 191), 44 , 59n. 12 embassy to Rome, 140 Aetolian War s.c. de Abderitis issued, 140 , see also second year Appendix C passim given (unsolicited) strategic advice by Abrupolis, king of the h racian Sapaei, 15n. 41 Flamininus, 42 attacks Macedonia (179), 58 , 81 Syrian and Aetolian Wars Acarnania, Acarnanians, 14 second year deprived of the city of Leucas (167), 177 Battle of h ermopylae, 36 – 37 First Macedonian War recovers some cities in h essaly, 36 Roman operations in (211), 25 Aelius Ligus, P. (cos. 172), 112 politicians exiled to Italy (167), 177 Aemilius Lepidus, M. (ambassador) h ird Macedonian War embassy to Philip V at Abydus (200), 28 , second year 28n. 53 political disruption sparked by Roman Aenus and Maronea, Greek cities on the embassy, 143 h racian coast, 40 , 60 , 140 , 174 two executed by the Athenians (201), 28n. 53 declared free by the senate, 46 – 47 Achaean League, Achaeans, 12 – 13 dispute between Philip V and Rome over, Achaean War (146), 194 44 – 45 , 55 , 86 , 92 , 180 Archon- Callicrates debate (175), 61 , 61n. 29 , embassy to Rome from Maronean exiles (186/ 62n. 30 , 94 – 96 5), 45 congratulated by Rome for resisting Perseus Maronean exiles address senatorial (173), 66 , 117 commission (185), 46 conquest of the Peloponnese, 13 , 82n. -
David Library of the American Revolution Guide to Microform Holdings
DAVID LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION GUIDE TO MICROFORM HOLDINGS Adams, Samuel (1722-1803). Papers, 1635-1826. 5 reels. Includes papers and correspondence of the Massachusetts patriot, organizer of resistance to British rule, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Revolutionary statesman. Includes calendar on final reel. Originals are in the New York Public Library. [FILM 674] Adams, Dr. Samuel. Diaries, 1758-1819. 2 reels. Diaries, letters, and anatomy commonplace book of the Massachusetts physician who served in the Continental Artillery during the Revolution. Originals are in the New York Public Library. [FILM 380] Alexander, William (1726-1783). Selected papers, 1767-1782. 1 reel. William Alexander, also known as “Lord Sterling,” first served as colonel of the 1st NJ Regiment. In 1776 he was appointed brigadier general and took command of the defense of New York City as well as serving as an advisor to General Washington. He was promoted to major- general in 1777. Papers consist of correspondence, military orders and reports, and bulletins to the Continental Congress. Originals are in the New York Historical Society. [FILM 404] American Army (Continental, militia, volunteer). See: United States. National Archives. Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War. United States. National Archives. General Index to the Compiled Military Service Records of Revolutionary War Soldiers. United States. National Archives. Records of the Adjutant General’s Office. United States. National Archives. Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty and Warrant Application Files. United States. National Archives. Revolutionary War Rolls. 1775-1783. American Periodicals Series I. 33 reels. Accompanied by a guide. -
Massacre at Cherry Valley
THE STORY r>F TIIE MASSACRE AT CHERRY VALLEY, A PAPER READ BY l\1RS. WILLIAM S. LITTLE, BEFORE THE R(>CHESTER HrsTORIC\L SoclETY, ,\XD Pc1:1.JSIIED .\T TIIE RE<JCEST OF THE SOCIETY. The wrikr \\'ishes to acknowledge her indebtedness to the kind criticism and suggestions of her relatives and friends, as well as to the following sources of information: r. ''.Annals of Tyron County, or the Border \Varfare of New York during the Re\·olution, by \Villiam \V. Campbell, LL. D." 2. "Central New York in the Revolution,'' Address delivered hy Douglas Campbell, Esq., at the lll1\·eiling of a monument ll1 commem oration of the massacre at Cherry Valley. 3. ":\.n Historical .Account of the Presbyterian Church at Cherry Valley, N. Y.," by Re,·. H. U. Swinnerton, Ph. n. -1-. The Journal of \Vm. ::\IcKendry, a lieutenant in the army of the Revolution, and an original member of the Society of the Cincinnati, published hy the Massachusetts Historical Society, and furnished by the courtesy of Mr. Andre\\· ::\kFarland Davis of the American :-\nti quarian Society. j . .--\ Book of "Memorabilia," relating to Cherry \'alley, collected 1>,· ~Ir. Rufus A. (~rider, of Canajoharie, X. Y. THE MASSACRE AT CHERRY VALLEY. " There are fatal days indeed In which the fibrous years have taken root So deeply, that they quiver to their tops, vVhene'er you stir the dust of such a day." The <1uestion is often asked : "\Vhere is Cherry Valley, and why is it so well known ? " First, let us look at its location, for this goes far to explain its prominence. -
The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2021 "Savage and Bloody Footsteps Through the Valley" : The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination William R. Tharp Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the United States History Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6707 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “Savage and Bloody Footsteps Through the Valley” The Wyoming Massacre in the American Imagination A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University By. William R. Tharp Dr. Carolyn Eastman, Advisor Associate Professor, Department of History Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia 14 May 2021 Tharp 1 © William R. Tharp 2021 All Rights Reserved Tharp 2 Abstract Along the banks of the Susquehanna River in early July 1778, a force of about 600 Loyalist and Native American raiders won a lopsided victory against 400 overwhelmed Patriot militiamen and regulars in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. While not well-known today, this battle—the Battle of Wyoming—had profound effects on the Revolutionary War and American culture and politics. Quite familiar to early Americans, this battle’s remembrance influenced the formation of national identity and informed Americans’ perceptions of their past and present over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. -
SPL115A Copy
MAPPING: NORTHERN BATTLES Using a grid system helps you locate places in the world. A grid system is made up of lines that come together to form squares. The squares divide a map into smaller pieces, making it easier to \ nd important places. Learning how to use a grid system is easy, and will teach you an important location skill. Example: In July 1777, the British Army took control of Mount Independence. Hundreds of soldiers from America, Great Britain, and Germany are buried in unmarked graves on top of Mount Independence. Mount Independence is located at ( 4,4 ). Locate Mount Independence at ( 4,4 ), by putting your \ nger on the number 1 at the bottom of the grid. Slide over to 4 and up to 4. Mount Independence is located in the square created where these two numbers come together. 6 5 Mount 4 Ind. 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 678 9 Directions: In this activity, you will use a grid system to locate important Revolutionary War forts and battles in the North. 1. Follow the example above for locating each fort or battle by going over and up. If a fort or battle is located at ( 4,4 ), go over to 4 and up to 4. 2. When you locate a fort or battle on the grid, color in the square with a coloring pencil. If the fort or battle was won by the Americans, color the square blue. If the fort or battle was won by the British, color the square red. 3. The \ rst one has been done for you as an example. -
Tuscarora Trails: Indian Migrations, War, and Constructions of Colonial Frontiers
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2007 Tuscarora trails: Indian migrations, war, and constructions of colonial frontiers Stephen D. Feeley College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Indigenous Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Feeley, Stephen D., "Tuscarora trails: Indian migrations, war, and constructions of colonial frontiers" (2007). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623324. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-4nn0-c987 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tuscarora Trails: Indian Migrations, War, and Constructions of Colonial Frontiers Volume I Stephen Delbert Feeley Norcross, Georgia B.A., Davidson College, 1996 M.A., The College of William and Mary, 2000 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Lyon Gardiner Tyler Department of History The College of William and Mary May, 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Stephen Delbert F eele^ -^ Approved by the Committee, January 2007 MIL James Axtell, Chair Daniel K. Richter McNeil Center for Early American Studies 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
Brodhead's Raid on the Senecas
88 Brodhead's Raid on the Senecas BRODHEAD'S RAID ON THE SENECAS Story of the Little Known Expedition in 1779 from Fort Pitt to Destroy the Indian Villages on the Upper Allegheny. In August, 1779, Gen. Daniel Brodhead, commandant at Fort Pitt, led, by instruction of Gen. Geo. Washington, an expedition from the Forks of the Ohio to the headwater of the Allegheny river to assist in the destruction there of the villages and crops of the Seneca Indians. This was a scheme of military strategy designed by Wash- ington to break the alliance between these Indians and the English. Itwas completely successful. Brodhead was assisted by simultaneous contributory expeditions of like character one under command of Genl. Sullivan by way of the Susquehannah valley, the other from the Mohawk valley. The story of Brodhead's part in the venture was delightfully told in the following paper read on Nov. 27, 1923, by Mr. Stone before the Historical Society of Western Pennsylvania. The Colonial war between England and France, begun in 1745 lasted four years. The treaty of peace settled noth- ing in the New World and neither party relinquished its claim. Thereupon the French determined to secure a firmer foothold in the region west of the Alleghenies. By virtue of the discovery of the St. Lawrence and the Missis- sippi, it was their proud claim that the lilies of France should wave over all the territory bordering upon those streams and their tributaries. In the summer of 1749 Celoron, in command of a de- tachment of French troops, carried his boats over from Lake Erie to Chautauqua, and following the Conewango to its mouth, thence by the Allegheny down the Ohio to the Miami,and by that stream and the Maumee returned to the great Lakes. -
Some Perspectives on Its Purpose from Published Accounts Preston E
SOME PERSPECTIVES ON ITS PURPOSE FROM PUBLISHED ACCOUNTS PRESTON E. PIERCE ONTARIO COUNTY HISTORIAN DEPARTMENT OF RECORDS, ARCHIVES AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ERVICES CANANDAIGUA, NEW YORK 2019 (REPRINTED, UPDATED, AND REVISED 2005, 1985) 1 Front cover image: Sullivan monument erected at the entrance to City Pier on Lake Shore Drive, Canandaigua. Sullivan-Clinton Sesquicentennial Commission, 1929. Bronze tablet was a common feature of all monuments erected by the Commission. Image from original postcard negative, circa 1929, in possession of the author. Above: Sullivan-Clinton Sesquicentennial Commission tablet erected at Kashong (Yates County), Rt. 14, south of Geneva near the Ontario County boundary. 1929. Image by the author. 2004 2 Gen. John Sullivan. Image from Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution. v. I. 1860. p. 272. 3 Sullivan-Clinton Campaign monument (front and back) erected in 1929 in Honeoye. Moved several times, it commemorates the location of Ft. Cummings, a temporary base established by Sullivan as he began the final leg of his march to the Genesee River. Images by the author. Forward 4 1979 marked the 200th anniversary of the Sullivan-Clinton expedition against those Iroquois nations that allied themselves with Britain and the Loyalists during the American Revolution. It is a little-understood (more often misunderstood) military incursion with diplomatic, economic, and decided geo-political consequences. Unfortunately, most people, including most municipal historians, know little about the expedition beyond what is recorded on roadside markers. In 1929, during the sesquicentennial celebrations of the American Revolution, the states of New York and Pennsylvania established a special commission that produced a booklet, sponsored local pageants, and erected many commemorative tablets in both states. -
Environment and Culture in the Northeastern Americas During the American Revolution Daniel S
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Spring 5-11-2019 Navigating Wilderness and Borderland: Environment and Culture in the Northeastern Americas during the American Revolution Daniel S. Soucier University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Military History Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Other History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Soucier, Daniel S., "Navigating Wilderness and Borderland: Environment and Culture in the Northeastern Americas during the American Revolution" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2992. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2992 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAVIGATING WILDERNESS AND BORDERLAND: ENVIRONMENT AND CULTURE IN THE NORTHEASTERN AMERICAS DURING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION By Daniel S. Soucier B.A. University of Maine, 2011 M.A. University of Maine, 2013 C.A.S. University of Maine, 2016 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in History) The Graduate School University of Maine May, 2019 Advisory Committee: Richard Judd, Professor Emeritus of History, Co-Adviser Liam Riordan, Professor of History, Co-Adviser Stephen Miller, Professor of History Jacques Ferland, Associate Professor of History Stephen Hornsby, Professor of Anthropology and Canadian Studies DISSERTATION ACCEPTANCE STATEMENT On behalf of the Graduate Committee for Daniel S.