Tesis Irene Pérez Fernández

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Tesis Irene Pérez Fernández UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGÍA ANGLOGERMÁNICA Y FRANCESA IRENE PÉREZ FERNÁNDEZ Enero de 2009 Universidad de Oviedo In search of new spaces: contemporary black British and Asian British women writers Irene Pérez Fernández Depósito Legal: AS. 03541-2012 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83470 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOGÍA ANGLOGERMÁNICA Y FRANCESA AUTORA: IRENE PÉREZ FERNÁNDEZ DIRECTORA: DRA. MARÍA SOCORRO SUÁREZ LAFUENTE Enero de 2009 AGRADECIMIENTOS/ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Me gustaría dar las gracias a la Dra. María Socorro Suárez Lafuente por todo cuanto me enseñó a lo largo de mis años de licenciatura, por su paciencia conmigo, por su apoyo y por sus sabios consejos durante este largo proceso que comenzó hace ya varios años cuando me inscribí como alumna en el Programa de Doctorado de Estudios de la Mujer de la Universidad de Oviedo. Sin su magnífica labor de dirección y sin su confianza en mí y sin sus ánimos esta tesis no sería hoy una realidad. Asimismo, debo expresar mi gratitud a la Dra. Carolina Fernández Rodríguez por su apoyo durante todos estos años. Con ella descubrí, en la primera asignatura de literatura que cursé durante mi primer año de licenciatura, que había nuevas formas de leer e interpretar los textos literarios. Aquellas clases cambiaron mi forma de entender la literatura inglesa. No habría podido dedicar mi tiempo a la investigación de no haber sido por la beca del Programa de Formación del Profesorado Universitario del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia cofinanciada por el Fondo Social Europeo y de la que he sido beneficiaria durante los últimos cuatro años. Gracias a dicha beca he podido disfrutar de una estancia de investigación en la Universidad de York. Esa estancia marcó un antes y un después en mi esta investigación, así como en mi vida personal. I would like to thank the Centre for Women’s Studies at the University of York for making me feel at home during the time that I spent there. In particular, I would like to show my gratitude to Professor Gabriele Griffin for her advice and support. Additionally, I would like to express my appreciation to Andy Millward, Sanja Bilic, Pranati Mohanraj and Zita Farkas for their encouragement and the nice moments we spent together. Nunca habría escrito esta tesis sin el apoyo incondicional de mis padres a quien les debo todo cuanto soy. Finally, I would like thank Sam for his immense support during these years, for his patience and his love. Thank you for teaching me that, wherever we are, we can always create new spaces. A Raquel y José Manuel To Sam CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 11 CHAPTER 1. AN OVERVIEW OF THE BLACK AND ASIAN POPULATION IN BRITAIN: QUESTIONS ON IDENTITY AND REPRESENTATION ........................................................................ 20 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 20 1.2 Migration Flows from Ex-Colonial Territories and Post-Second World War Immigration Laws ................................................................................... 26 1.2.a The Construction of Racialised Citizens: The Body as a Space ........... 26 1.2.b. A Long Presence of Black and Asian People in Britain ...................... 30 1.3 Black Britain since the 1980s: A General Overview ............................... 36 1.3.a Social Changes in the 1980s ................................................................. 36 1.3.b Appropriatedness of the Term “Black” in Cultural and Literary Studies ....................................................................................................................... 39 1.4. Black and Asian Male Writers in Britain: A General Overview ......... 44 1.5. Black and Asian Women Writers in Britain .......................................... 55 1.5.a Black British and Asian British Women’s Writing Since the 1980s: A Broad Outline ................................................................................................. 55 1.5.b. Representing Third Spaces, Fluid Identities and Contested Spaces in Contemporary British Literature .................................................................... 66 CHAPTER 2. FINDING ONE’S OWN SPACE IN A NEWLY EMERGING SOCIETY: ANDREA LEVY’S SMALL ISLAND (2004) .................................................................................................. 78 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 78 2.2 Andrea Levy’s Career and her Recognition in British Contemporary Literature .......................................................................................................... 80 2.3 The Novel’s Plot and Structure: Playing with Space and Time ............ 84 2.4 Individual Space: Racialised Bodies ........................................................ 92 2.5 The Family: Marriage and Gender Roles .............................................. 105 2.6 The Nation as a Space: The Mother Country ....................................... 112 2.7 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 117 CHAPTER 3. COMING TO TERMS WITH SPACE AFTER A DIASPORIC EXPERIENCE: FROM A BELIEF IN FATE TO GAINING ONE’S AGENCY IN MONICA ALI’S BRICK LANE (2003) ................................................................................................ 119 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 119 3.2 Reception of Brick Lane in the Literary Panorama .............................. 121 3.3 Brick Lane ’s Social Context: Immigration Laws and Racial Conflicts ......................................................................................................................... 130 3.3.a Immigration Laws for Women ............................................................ 131 3.3.b Racial Conflicts ................................................................................... 133 3.4 Nazneen’s Identity Search: A Displaced Body in a New Environment . ......................................................................................................................... 136 3.5 Gendered and Racialised Spaces: Brick Lane ...................................... 143 3.6 Nazneen’s Spaces of Interaction: A Movement from the Domestic to the Public ........................................................................................................ 149 3.7 Fate versus Agency .................................................................................. 157 3.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 161 CHAPTER 4. NEW SPACES OF INTERACTION AND CONTESTATION: ZADIE SMITH’S WHITE TEETH (2000) . 164 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 164 4.2 White Teeth’s Critical Reception ............................................................ 167 4.3 The Novel’s Plot and Structure .............................................................. 173 4.4 The Second World War and Post-War Period: A Space of Disruption and Negotiation .............................................................................................. 180 4.5 Space in the 1980s: Intra and Inter Family Relations .......................... 194 4.6 The 1990s: Space of Globalisation and Border-Crossing versus Space of Limitation and Exclusion .............................................................................. 206 4.7 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 216 CHAPTER 5. NEGOTIATING THE SPACE OF INDIVIDUAL
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