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Science in the Information Society INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 6 JULY/AUGUST 2003 Science in the information society DETECTORS UNDERGROUND LABS THEORY Naked crystals for dark matter p9 Troubled waters for US facility pl5 Testing times forsuperstrings p21 1 ASi1 High Energy Systems Division X-Band SYSTEMS Typical Electron Beam Energy (MeV) 1 to 12 Typical Electron Beam Power (kW) 0.3 to 1 Typical Electron Beam Head Mass (kg) 160 Typical Overall System Mass (kg) 700 Typical Characteristic Dimensions (mm3) 700 x 500 x 400 EXTREMELY UGHTWEIGHT, COMPACT, EASY TO OPERATE, AND INEXPENSIVE S-Band and L-Band SYSTEMS Typical Electron Beam Energy (MeV) 1 to 20 Typical Electron Beam Power (kW) 1 to 30 Typical Electron Beam Head Mass (kg) 500 3 Typical Characteristic Dimensions (mm) 1500 x 1200x 1200 t Scan Horn As required _ k MEDIUM AND HIGH POWER, EASY TO OPERATE, SMALL FOOTPRINT OPTIONS: " • Electron beam energy regulation while maintaining wall-plug efficiency (up to 40^ • Compact robot-mounted systems (up to 15 kW) • Turn-key installation with local biological shield (small footprint) • Custom design • Systems with electron beam energy up to 800 MeV A PORTABLE AND COMPACT HIGH POjIpBCTRON BEAM SOURCES BASED ON LINEAR ACCELERATORS CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, VOLUME 43 NUMBER 6 JULY/AUGUST 2003 E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey Laboratory correspondents: Argonne National Laboratory (US): D Ayres Brookhaven, National Laboratory (US): P Yamin Cornell University (US): D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany): Ilka Flegel, P Waloschek Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US): Judy Jackson GSI Darmstadt (Germany): G Siegert INFN (Italy): Barbara Gallavotti IHEP, Beijing (China): Tongzhou Xu Jefferson Laboratory (US): S Corneliussen JINR Dubna (Russia): B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan): A Maki Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US): Christine Celata Los Alamos National Laboratory (US): C Hoffmann DESY to upgrade storage ringp7 LEAP looks to lower energies p29 New head of DAPNIA p33 NIKHEF Laboratory (Netherlands): P Mulders Novosibirsk Institute (Russia): S Eidelman Orsay Laboratory (France): Anne-Marie Lutz PSI Laboratory (Switzerland): P-R Kettle Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK): Jacky Hutchinson news 5 Saclay Laboratory (France): Elisabeth Locci ATLAS cavern ready for its detector. CERN confirms LHC start-up in IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia): Yu Ryabov Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (US): N Calder 2007. KEKB scales peak in luminosity. Brilliant future for PETRA III. TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada): M K Craddock CERN establishes formal links with SESAME. CLEO discovers second Produced for CERN by Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd Dsj particle. 'Naked' crystals go underground. Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS16BE,UK Tel: +44 (0)117 929 7481 Physicswatch 11 E-mail: [email protected] Web: iop.org Astrowatch 13 Publishing director Richard Roe Publisher Jo Nicholas Art director Andrew Giaquinto Features Senior production editor Ruth Aspinall Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Decision to flood hits US underground science plans _15 Advertising manager Chris Thomas Marvin Marshak and John Wilkerson review the prospects for a Deputy advertising manager/Display sales Jayne Purdy Display sales Ed Jost national underground laboratory in the US. Recruitment sales Reena Gupta Advertisement production Jackie Cooke, Joanne Scriven Product manager Claire Webber The legacy of the bubble chamber 19 A meeting in Bologna looks back to the era of the bubble chamber. Advertising Chris Thomas, Jayne Purdy, Ed Jost or Reena Gupta Tel: +44 (0)117 930 1031 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +44 (0)117 930 1178 Testing times for strings 21 Ignatios Antoniadis gives an introduction to string physics and General distribution Jacques Dallemagne, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] describes tests that may soon be possible. In certain countries, to request copies or to make address changes, contact: China Chen Huaiwei, Institute of High-Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Developing countries and CERN 26 Beijing, People's Republic of China How can developing countries benefit from relations with CERN? Germany Gabriela Heessel or Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg 52. E-mail: [email protected] John Ellis considers the possibilities. Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Roma UK Mark Swaisland, CLRC, Daresbury Laboratory, Keckwick Lane, The antiproton: a subatomic actor with many roles 29 Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD. E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, John Eades reports from the LEAP'03 conference on the variety of St Charles, IL 60175. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL physics studied with low-energy antiprotons. Fax: 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected]. Postmaster: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, St Charles, IL 60174 People 33 Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tel: +41 (22) 767 6111 Recruitment 40 Telefax: +41 (22) 767 65 55 Printed by Warners (Midlands) pic, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK Bookshelf 47 © 2003 CERN ISSN 0304-288X Viewpoint 50 Cover: CERN is hosting a meeting on The Role of Science in the Information Society, as a side event to the World Summit on the Information Society in Geneva in December (p27). Sessions will examine science's future contributions to information and communication issues in the areas of education, loP H health care, environmental stewardship, economic development and enabling technologies. CERN Courier July/August 2003 3 I I ^^mmmJ \mmm*mf £ Quantum 315 Quantum 210 CCD X-Ray Detectors Detector Type: Array (3x3); 315mm x 315mm Array (2x2); 210mm x 210mm Number of Pixels: 6144x6144; 37.75 million 4096x4096; 16.8 million Pixel Size a* Detector Surfaces: 51x51 microns 51x51 microns Phospher (optimized): 1 X-ray Angstrom 1 X-ray Angstrom Spatial Resolution FWHM: 90 microns; 1.76 pixels 90 microns; 1 76 pixels Taper Ratio: 3.7 to 1 37 to 1 Optical Coupling (CCD to Taper): Direct bond Direct bond CCD Type: Thomson THX 7899 Thomson THX 7899 CCD Pixel Size: 14x14 microns 14x14 microns Operating Temperature: -50 degrees Celcius -45 degrees Celcius Cooling Type: Thermoelectric Thermoelectric Dark Current: 0.015 e/pixel/sec 0.015 e/pixel/sec Controller Electronics: ADSC Custom ADSC Custom Readout Times (Full Resolution): 1 second 1 second Read Noise (Pixel Rate}: (1 MHz ): 18 electrons estimated (1 MHz); 1 8 electrons typical Full Well Depth (Full Resolution): 270,000 electrons typical 270,000 electrons typical Dimensions: 34.7 in. Lx 17.7in. Wx 18.1 in. H 31.7 in. Lx 13.7 in. Wx 12.4 in. H (880.6 mm x 450.0 mm x 460.0 mm) (804.5 mm x 346.8 mm x 315.6 mm) Weight: 294 lbs. (133.0 kg) 128.0 lbs. (58.0 kg) /Delivery: Warranty: Typical delivery is 17-22 weeks, dependent ADSC warrants both parts and labor for any defects upon system ordered. Pricing discount due to faulty material or workmanship for one year Sales Information: available for purchase of more than one from the date of original installation. system at time of sale. Contact the ADSC sales office for more details. Service Contracts: Voice: (858) 486-0618 Fax: (858) 486-0722 Options: Annual service contracts are available from end of warranty period for up to three years at a nominal email: [email protected] Available options include: Goniostat, Mirrors, cost. Call for details. and Support Tables. Total turn-key systems are also available. J 12550 towe Drive l ) G ( s Poway, California 92064 USA \ J v|ll1IJL J \mmmlmJ n mmnmac voice: (858)486-0444 fax: (858) 486-0722 area detector systems corporation website: www.adsc-xray.com NEWS CERN ATLAS cavern ready for its detector The ATLAS cavern has become the first new experimental cavern for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to be handed over to CERN by civil-engineering contractors. On 4 June, this important milestone on the road to the planned start-up of the LHC in 2007 was celebrated in an official inauguration ceremony attended by Pascal Couchepin, president of the Swiss Confederation. Some 35 m wide, 55 m long and 40 m high, the ATLAS cavern is literally the size of a cathedral - the nave of Canterbury Cathedral in the UK would fit neatly inside. Excavation of the cavern began in 2000 and has pushed Pascal Couchepin (right), president of the civil engineering to new limits. Once the top Swiss Confederation, and Carlo Lamprecht part of the cavern had been excavated, it (left), Geneva state councillor, inside the was concreted and the resulting vault ATLAS cavern with CERN's director-general, suspended from 38 steel cables anchored in Luciano Maiani (behind centre). galleries 25 m above. Excavation of the remaining 28 m depth was then resumed and of the cavern to CERN signals the beginning completed by the end of April 2002. The of the installation of the 44 m long, 22 m cavern has since been lined with concrete high ATLAS detector, with the first and services such as electricity, ventilation Inside the ATLAS cavern: manipulating components set to be lowered into the and water have been installed. The handover shielding to fit within the beam tunnel. cavern later this year.
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