DOCSLIB.ORG

Observed and Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation in the Core Crop Region of the Humid Pampa, Argentina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Observed and Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation in the Core Crop Region of the Humid Pampa, Argentina climate Article Observed and Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation in the Core Crop Region of the Humid Pampa, Argentina Gabriela V. Müller 1,2,* , Miguel A. Lovino 1,2 and Leandro C. Sgroi 2 1 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; [email protected] 2 Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático (CEVARCAM), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; [email protected] * Correspondence: gvmuller@fich.unl.edu.ar Abstract: The core crop region of the Humid Pampa is one of the most productive agricultural lands around the world and depends highly on climate conditions. This study assesses climate variability, climate extremes, and observed and projected climate changes there, using 1911–2019 observations and CMIP5 model simulations. Since 1970, the annual mean temperature has risen by 1 ◦C and the mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures by 2 and 0.5 ◦C, respectively. The frequency of warm days and nights increased, and cold days and nights decreased. Heatwaves became longer and more intense, and cold waves decreased with less frost events. Annual precipitation increased by 10% from 1911, mainly in summer, and years with excess precipitation outnumbered those with a deficit. Both intense precipitation events and consecutive dry days grew, suggesting more annual precipitation falling on fewer days. Projections show a warming of 1 ◦C by 2035, regardless of the scenario. From then on until 2100, mean temperature will increase by 2 and 3–3.5 ◦C in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Annual precipitation will grow 8 and 16% from current values by 2100 in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. No major precipitation changes are projected Citation: Müller, G.V.; Lovino, M.A.; in the RCP2.6 scenario. Sgroi, L.C. Observed and Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation in the Core Crop Region Keywords: climate variability; climate extremes; climate change; Humid Pampa; global climate of the Humid Pampa, Argentina. models; future scenarios Climate 2021, 9, 40. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/cli9030040 Received: 2 January 2021 1. Introduction Accepted: 19 February 2021 Global warming brings increased occurrences of extreme weather and climate world- Published: 27 February 2021 wide [1]. Significant intensification of heavy precipitation can be seen on global and continental scales [2,3]. Consistently, southeastern South America (SSA) tends towards Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral warmer and moister conditions, with a noticeable increase in the magnitude and frequency with regard to jurisdictional claims in of extreme temperatures and heavy rainfall (e.g., [4,5]). In particular, central-northeastern published maps and institutional affil- Argentina has been experiencing these significant climate changes since the 1960s [6,7]. iations. The continuous increase in frequency and in intensity of heavy rainfall has caused great losses in agro-industrial production, severely damaged water management, and affected the urban centers in the region [8,9]. However, human activities are also impacted by increased occurrence of consecutive dry days, which lead to more seasonal droughts [10,11] Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. as well as by extreme—maximum and minimum—temperature events, which have grown Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. in frequency, intensity, and duration [12]. This article is an open access article The Humid Pampa extends over central-northeastern Argentina, and its core crop distributed under the terms and region is centered in the southern half of the province of Santa Fe (see Figure1). The conditions of the Creative Commons core crop region is acknowledged as one of the most productive agricultural lands in Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// the world, thanks to the combination of its climate and the characteristics of soil sedi- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ ments. Lovino et al. [13] have reported enhanced annual precipitation since the 1960s and 4.0/). Climate 2021, 9, 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9030040 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/climate Climate 2021, 9, 40 2 of 24 a considerable increase in the frequency and magnitude of heavy rainfalls throughout the province of Santa Fe. According to Llano and Vargas [14], the days with extreme precipitation are mostly associated to convective precipitation patterns all over the region. However, the distribution of observed precipitation changes is not uniform throughout the province [13]. Records from weather stations in the north and center indicate that annual precipitation has grown by 15% from 1960. This upward trend seems to have stabilized after 1990; however, the number of consecutive dry days has also grown significantly in recent decades [13]. On the other hand, observations in the core crop region indicate an increase in annual precipitation and in the frequency of heavy rainfall events with upward trends to present days. Figure 1. Central-northeastern region of Argentina delimited by 36◦ S–26◦ S latitude and 65◦ W–58◦ W longitude and its main rivers. Extreme precipitation may lead to floods and droughts that have strong negative impacts on human activities and the environment. Floods occurred in the core crop region in 2018–2019. Immediately following the flooding period, a severe drought started in 2019 and lasted during 2020. This drought took place over a large part of SSA and caused extraordinarily low water levels in the Parana River [15,16]. The Rosario Stock Exchange (BCR) estimated a loss of USD 244 million in the agro-export sector of Rosario in the first quarter of 2020 [17,18]. The sector had already faced losses of USD 230 million as a consequence of the 2018–2019 flood [19]. Moreover, low water in the Paraná River also affected the river ecosystem and other essential activities such as fishing and water purification [17]. This study examines climate variability, climate extremes as well as observed and projected climate changes in the core crop region of the Humid Pampa in the 20th and 21st centuries. The resulting information might contribute to estimate the impacts of climate variability and change aiming at reducing disaster risks and implementing appropriate management policies and adaptation actions in the affected sectors. The final goal is to make science-based information available to policy and decision makers in the public and private sectors for the development of policies, actions, and plans aimed at reducing the vulnerability of the region to extreme hydroclimatic events. To fulfill this objective, we analyzed the variability and changes in temperature and precipitation using high-quality meteorological records and future climate projections for the core crop region of the Humid Pampa. The paper is organized as follows; Section2 describes the methods and the data used. The observed changes in temperature and precipitation from the beginning of the Climate 2021, 9, 40 3 of 24 20th century to present are described in Section 3.1. For the same period, we identified and examined climate extremes using different indices, mainly focused on intense precipitation and extreme temperature events, which are in Section 3.2. Future climate projections in the short-, medium-, and long-term for the 21st century are presented in Section 3.3. The conclusions of the study are in Section4. 2. Study Region, Data, and Methodology 2.1. The Relevance of the Core Crop Region The Humid Pampa is an extensive region in central-northeastern Argentina. Its core crop region includes the center and south of Santa Fe province, east of Córdoba province, and north of Buenos Aires province (see Figure1). The Humid Pampa presents a flat landscape with dominance of Quaternary aeolian sediments. Its prairie-like ecosystem develops in humid to sub-humid temperate to subtropical climates (North Pampa, [20]). The southeast of the Santa Fe province extends over the Pampean loessic belt [21,22], which is the most extensive in the Southern Hemisphere and one of the thickest loess deposits in the world [22]. The characteristics of the Pampean loess and the present climate make soils of the region highly productive and known worldwide for their fertility [21,22]. The Paraná River, which drains the second largest basin (2,600,000 km2) in South America, flows across the Humid Pampa. The city of Rosario is located in the southeast of Santa Fe, on the right margin of the Paraná River, i.e., the core crop region of the Humid Pampa (see Figure1). Rosario rests over a complex floodplain extending 600 km in the heart of the inland lowlands of the continent [22]. Tributaries to the Paraná River in the area of Rosario are the Carcarañá and the Saladillo Rivers (see Figure1). Rosario has a privileged location both from the geographic and environmental perspectives. It is the most important city in the core crop region and one of the most important in Argentina, as it is a major industrial, trade, and financial center [23], with 43% of the province population. It is also the main agro-industrial and port hub in the region, and in recent years, it became the largest soybean and by-product export node in the world, with 78% of Argentina’s installed capacity [24]. The port of Rosario is connected to the north with Mercosur countries through the Parana–Paraguay waterway, which is the primary communication corridor with southern Brazil and Paraguay [25]. 2.2. Observed Data Temperature and precipitation were examined using a long-term record of observa- tions from Rosario Aero meteorological station (32.92◦ S, 60.78◦ W) of the National Weather Service of Argentina. This station, located in the core crop region of the Humid Pampa, is the only weather station in the region with long, complete, and reliable records of observa- tions. These observations started in the first decades of the 20th century, thus allowing an analysis of long-term variability and historical changes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transformations in Port-Cities in Times of Globalisation: the Case of the Rio De La Plata Estuary
    Transformations in Port-Cities in Times of Globalisation: The Case of the Rio de la Plata Estuary. Maria J. Bazan-Lopes. DUT – Delft University of Technology The role of Ports under globalisation Since 1960s, the port/city relationship has been influenced by external and internal factors, particularly the changes to world transport systems, the revolution in shipping industry and the design of port infrastructure. The traditional role of ports in transport and stocking, loading and unloading, has changed in order to link specialised activities and services inside the port-areas, including industrial, business, commercial, environmental, administrative and logistic services. As globalisation deepens and expands, ports are increasingly becoming the new dynamic knots between the international production and the global distribution networks, and the cores of regional development. The concept of port as a logistic place implies a new port-city relationship, in which the port- functions are not restricted to the port-area but to the whole transport and distribution chain giving more added value to the city (Aldoney Vargas, 1997). The main issues that ports face presently can be summarised as follows (Alemany Llovera, 1997): · To modernise the entire port-structure in terms of organisation, management, equipment and services with new requirements in the “cost-efficiency-quality” relationship. This implies an increasing demand on water and land space, and the consequent reduction of directly related employment; · To offer an economically and
    [Show full text]
  • Parana River Low Waters Circular
    Pandi Liquidadores S.R.L Viamonte 494 - 8th Floor (C1053ABJ) Buenos Aires, Argentina Telephone: (54+11) 4313-3500 E-mail: [email protected] www.pandi.com.ar | @pandibaires Monday 3rd May 2021 CIRCULAR 042/2021 PARANA RIVER LOW WATERS (UPDATE) Dear All, In previous Circulars we have informed about the critical situation observed on the Parana River due to historically low water (see Circulars 23, 26, 28 and 32 2020 enclosed for further information). By way of update please note whilst there was an improvement in March/April 2021, the level of the water commenced dropping towards the end of April and the situation remains critical. See as an example below graph the level of the water on a period of 1 year at Rosario port (May 2020 – May 2021) Due to the above, the Coast Guards have issued a new warning stressing the utmost importance of complying with the daily maximum permissible sailing draft and with the mandatory UKC of 0.6 meters that should be kept at all times. The Coast Guards also recommends to the Masters to discuss the navigational plan with the Pilots before proceeding, as well as providing all necessary information related to ship’s manoeuvrability. We furthermore recommend to the Master to enquiry the Pilots as to the relevant regulation within the area to be transited, including specific speed limits and to bear in mind, at all time, ship’s squat effect in restricted waters. Please also note that the forecast issued by the National Institute for the Water (INA) anticipates that the tendency will continue in the following weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Prepared for the United States Soybean Export Council (“USSEC”) and the Soy Transportation Coalition (“STC”)
    USSEC- Analysis of Transit Times, Transportation Costs and Predictability of Delivery Prepared for The United States Soybean Export Council (“USSEC”) and the Soy Transportation Coalition (“STC”) September 23, 2014 Our Understanding of the Situation • The United States Soybean Export Council (“USSEC”), along with the Soy Transportation Coalition, is interested in developing a promotional piece that will quantify and compare transportation costs, transit times and predictability of delivery of transporting soybeans from the U.S., Argentina and Brazil to the major destination markets. • The origins that have been selected include: – Mitchell, SD; – Davenport, IA; – Sorriso, Mato Grosso state, Brazil; – Londrina, Parana state, Brazil; and – Rufino, Santa Fe province, Argentina • The destination markets that have been selected include: – Shanghai, China; – Tokyo, Japan; – Kaohsiung, Taiwan; – Jakarta, Indonesia; – Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; – Manila, Philippines; – Hamburg, Germany; – Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and – Port Said, Egypt 2 Table of Contents • Executive Summary • Transportation Costs • Transit Times • Predictability of Delivery 3 Executive Summary- Transportation Costs • The cost of moving soybeans out of Sorriso, MT are higher than out of any other origin. This is primarily due to the high cost of moving soybeans from Sorriso to the primary ports in southern Brazil (Santos and Paranagua). – The cost of transporting soybeans by truck (truck accounts for ~60% of the soybeans moved from MT to the ports) from Sorriso, MT to Santos and Paranagua accounts for approximately 70% of the total transportation cost to move soybeans to final destination markets. – The cost of transporting soybeans from Londrina, PR to Paranagua is significantly lower than from Sorriso, MT due to the shorter distances that truckers have to travel.
    [Show full text]
  • Mr-2001-03-04.Pdf
    me I> s sailing across barriers 'lJomestic Sliipowners .9Lssociation G/F Stanford Tower Condominium 1870 M.H. del Pilar St., Malate, Manila Tel. Nos.: 521·4231, 521·4084, 521-8101 Fax No.: 521 ·5817 Alberto Gothong Enterprises, Inc. Lapu-Lapu Shipping Lines Corp. Sulpicio Lines, Inc. 71 F. Gonzales St. M.J. Cuenco Avenue Don Sulpicio Go Bldg. 415 Cebu City Cebu City Sn. Fernando St. Binondo, Manila Cebu Ferries Corporation Lorenzo Shipping Corporation WG&A Philippines, Inc. Pier 4 North Reclamation Area 6/F Birch Tree Bldg. 12/F Times Plaza Bldg. Cebu City 825 Muelle dela Industria St. U.N. Avenue cor. Taft Avenue Binondo, Manila Ennita, Manila George & Peter Lines, Inc. Negros Navigation Company Batangas-Mindoro Ship Operators Lim Bldg. D. Jakosalem St. Pier 2 No rth Harbor Association Cebu City To ndo, Manila Tenninal 2 Bldg. Batangas International Port Sta. Clara, Batangas City CONTENTS 8 DOMESTIC SHIPPING • Ship operators renew their efforts to push for reforms under the new administration lia Quiambao reports on the success of the country's first international port operator Phividec begins to promote development of the Mindanao box port •ATI reports a record throughput for 2000 amidst crisis 14-16 MARITIME REGULATION • Bjorn Flam tackles the increasing problems of stowaways and how to deal with them 18-20 MARINE INSURANCE • A law firm says it has persuaded Panama Maritime Court to revert Filipino seamen's claims to the National Labor Relations Commission • Imelda Cerillo explains the rule on vessel seaworthiness in cargo insurance
    [Show full text]
  • Impressions of Junin; Argentine Education; Visit to Santa Fe
    F: WSR-8 Grand Hotel Itali, Rosario, Santa Fe February 16, 1942 Dear Mr. Rogers Travelin across the pampa by railroad one passes many stations. Going to and from Mendoza my curiosity was aroused because there was very .ittle one saw beyond the railroad station. The Argentine town and city in the pampa region is not.visi- ble. There is a railroad station. There are alEos, eucalyptus, sauces llorones and omb trees. The buildings of the towns and cities are a story or two high, and althoug Argentine trees with the exception of the alamos, are not as tall as those whloh grow in most parts of North America, one sees little bt the railroad station and the trees. That is why I Went to Junn. I wanted to see what was behind a rail- road station and among the trees. Junn is 250 odd kilometers due west of uenos Aires in a rich part of the pampa. It is in the estancia area. The only industry is agriculture, though it is a more balanced kind than in many parts of the pampa where the estancia system is the b..sis of society. Beef cattle is the first concern. Corn and cereal farming is secondary: but it is becoming incre.asinly important. There iS some dairying--up to the present an unstable part of agricultur.e in the Argentine due to poor marketing conditions, a lack of local creameries, bad roads and certain monopolistic practices by the purchas- ers of dairy products. Because of the war, the dairy industry is expanding.
    [Show full text]
  • Argentina / Chile Wine Tour
    SENWES EDUCATIONAL ARGENTINA FARMING TOUR Best Lands Route Welcome to the Best Lands Route. Join our tour across the best soils in Argentina and one of the best in the world. The humid pampas, the “zona núcleo”, the grain belt in Argentina; where thousands of immigrants in the last century made this country the world’s granary. DAY 1 09 AUG SUNDAY JOHANNESBURG/SAO PAULO / BUENOS AIRES 10h35 Depart Johannesburg on SAA flight SA 222 16h30 Arrive Sao Paulo and proceed to your connecting flight bound for Buenos Aires 19h15 Depart Sao Paulo on LAN Airlines flight LA 4547 22h20 Arrive Buenos Aires, where you will be met by your English speaking guide and transferred to your hotel PRINCIPADO HOTEL 3 * www.principado.com.ar Located near: the renowned Florida Street, Plaza San Martin, historic monuments and restaurants. Room Service without charge available 24 hours a day. Restaurant and Bar open 24 hours a day. Safe boxes available in each room. DAY 2 10 AUG MONDAY BUENOS AIRES / ROSARIO Breakfast in your hotel, available from 06h00. After breakfast check out of your hotel. 08h00 Today meet with members of AACREA (see note 1). The Argentinean Association of CREA (Regional Consortiums of Agricultural Experimentation) is a non-profit private organization of farmers who work in small groups to improve each farming enterprise. The whole association is formed by more than 2000 medium and big farmers who work in technological development in agricultural production. They will talk about their experience in grains and cattle beef farming. 12h00 Lunch 15h00 Meet with a rural contractor, who rents many farms to plant, harvest and manage.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal on Public Works, Ports & Waterways Developments
    International Journal on Public Works, Ports & Waterways Developments Number 81 • December 2000 International Association of Dredging Companies Terra et Aqua – Number 81 – December 2000 Terra et Aqua is published quarterly by the IADC, The International Association of Dredging Companies. The journal is available on request to individuals or organisations with a professional interest in the development of ports and waterways, and in particular, the associated dredging work. The name Terra et Aqua is a registered trademark. Editor Marsha R. Cohen Editorial Advisory Committee H.A.J. Fiers, Chairman H. Smink H. De Vlieger H.W.J. Poiesz K. de Groot R. Vidal Martin P.G. Roland P.J.A. Hamburger F.A. Minderhoud H. Cami IADC Board of Directors R. van Gelder, President O. Nakagome, Vice President C. van Meerbeeck, Treasurer P.G. Roland M. Montevecchi G. Vandewalle D. Eicke J.J. Koeman Please address inquiries to the editor. Articles in Terra et Aqua do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the IADC Board or of individual members. © 2000 IADC, The Netherlands All rights reserved. Electronic storage, reprinting or abstracting of the contents is allowed for non-commercial purposes with permission of the publisher. ISSN 0376-6411 Typesetting and printing by Opmeer Drukkerij bv, The Hague, The Netherlands. Front cover: An aerial satellite image of Argentina, showing the projected fixed link between Rosario and Victoria. The link will be a two-lane auto-railway, with 13 bridges and 13 embankments, covering almost 60 km (see page 3). IADC P.J.A. Hamburger, Secretary General Duinweg 21 2585 JV The Hague, The Netherlands Tel.
    [Show full text]
  • 17 May 2006) C-2 Annex C-2 Rebuttal by Chile (24 May 2006) C-52
    WT/DS207/RW Page C-1 ANNEX C REBUTTALS FROM PARTIES Contents Page Annex C-1 Rebuttal by Argentina (17 May 2006) C-2 Annex C-2 Rebuttal by Chile (24 May 2006) C-52 WT/DS207/RW Page C-2 ANNEX C-1* REBUTTAL BY ARGENTINA (17 MAY 2006) TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................C-5 B. THE AMENDED PBS IS IN BREACH OF ARTICLE 4.2 OF THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE..............................................................................................................C-6 1. Scope of the present proceedings under Article 21.5 of the DSU .....................................C-6 2. The amended PBS causes insulation from the international market ...............................C-8 2.1 The amended PBS tends to "overcompensate" for the effect of decreases in international prices on the domestic market when the reference prices are set below the price band floor....................................................................................................C-9 2.2 The amended PBS does not merely moderate the effect of fluctuations in world market prices on Chile's market because it does not ensure that the entry price of imports to Chile falls in tandem with falling world market prices ............................C-10 2.3 The floor and ceiling of the amended PBS insulate Chile's market from international price developments and are not transparent, having been determined once only for the entire period extending from 16 December 2003 to 15 December
    [Show full text]
  • National Sections and Qualifying Members
    National Sections 85 86 THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FOLLOWING NATIONAL SECTIONS/QUALIFYING MEMBERS CAN BE FOUND ON THE PIANC WEBSITE: http://www.pianc.org/yearbookbrowseall.php ARGENTINA IRAN SPAIN AUSTRALIA JAPAN SWEDEN BELGIUM NORWAY THE NETHERLANDS DENMARK ROMANIA THE PHILIPPINES FINLAND SINGAPORE UK FRANCE SOUTH AFRICA USA INDIA EXTRA CONTRIBUTIONS FROM: PIANC-COPEDEC IX The Ninth Conference on Coastal and Port Engineering in Developing Countries (PIANC-COPEDEC IX) was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 16 to 21 October 2016 87 PIANC Argentina in 2016 1. MEMBERS Membership 2016: Authorities and Commission Members: Argentina’s National Section has increased com- pared to 2015, especially the number of Young • First Delegate: Raúl S. Escalante Professionals and Corporate Members. Currently • Secretary: Sebastián García there are 72 members: • RecCom: Esteban Biondi & Cecilia Norman • 63 Individual Members (among them 32 YP’s) • MarCom: Carlos Ginés & Marcelo Peyregne • 9 Corporate Members • InCom: Leonel Temer • YP-Com: Pablo Arecco, Marcos De Vincenzi and Francisco Weyland Participation in Working Groups: • WG 139 – ‘Values of Inland Waterways’: Leonel Temer • WG178 – ‘Working Group on Climate Change 2. EVENTS Adaptation for Maritime and Inland Port and Navigation Infrastructure’: Matias Goyeneche National Activities and International Activities • WG185 – ‘Site Selection and Planning for New Ports and Specialist Marine Terminals on Green- Argentina’s National Section organises several ac- field Sites – Technical Guidelines’: Pablo Arecco tivities during the year in collaboration with AADIP • WG 128 – ‘Alternative Technical-Biological Bank (Argentine Association of Port Engineers) and EGIP Protection Methods for Inland Waterways’: (Graduate School of Port Engineering – University Gonzalo Duró of Buenos Aires).
    [Show full text]
  • Invest in Santa Fe Automotive Value Chain Introduction
    INVEST IN SANTA FE AUTOMOTIVE VALUE CHAIN INTRODUCTION The estimated population of the Province of Santa Fe for the year 2017 is 3.4 million people, representing an 8.3% of the country’s population. Rosario Department, with more than one million inhabitants, is the most populated administrative area of our province. The region of Greater Rosario is situated next to other big po- pulation centers of the country: the City of Buenos Aires is 300 km (186 mi) away, the City of Córdoba 400 km (249 mi) and the city of Santa Fe 165 km (103 mi), all of which could be reached by highway. The Province of Santa Fe is well connected to domestic roads and highways, railroads, and bi-oceanic corridors, which contri- butes to the coordination and logistics of important industries, especially of those related with international trade. Rosario’s International Airport offers several connection alternatives for international transportation of both people and cargo. As regards Gross Product, Santa Fe makes up almost a 7.3% of the country’s total GDP. More than 6000 com- panies are located in the province, creating 120,000 registered jobs. Rosario Department possesses a high industrial density, concentrating a third of Santa Fe’s manufacturing companies. Nowadays, the total number of jobs registered in the private sector is 521,000, being Santa Fe the third province to create jobs and having wage costs below the national average. At the same time, Santa Fe is an outstanding productive and com- mercial platform for several multinational companies located in our country.
    [Show full text]
  • Asunción and Buenos Aires and Subsequent Transshipment to Ocean Liners Costs As Much As Transportation Between Buenos Aires and Rotterdam
    í Distr. RESTRICTED LC/R.529/R6V.1 27 August 1987 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH ECLAC Economie Ocmnission for Latin America and the Caribbean TRANSPORT OF PARAGUAY'S EXPORES THROUGH THE ARGENTINE-CHILEAN CORRIDOR The information contained in this document was obtained during a mission to Argentina and Paraguay in August 1985. Although the analysis is based en the situation prevailing at that time, it is hoped that the conclusions and recommendations are still valid when this study is published. 87-8-1120 ill CENTENES Page SMORY 1 Chapter I - BACKGROUND 2 A. RJRPOSE OF THE STUDY 3 B. TRANSPORT CORRIDORS THAT MAY BE USED FOR PARAGUAY'S EXPORTS AND IMPORTS 3 1. The Paraguay and Paraná rivers 3 2. The corridors through Brazil 5 3. Corridor through Argentina and Uruguay 5 4. Corridor through Argentina and Chile 6 C. EESCRimCN OF THE PftRAGUAYAN-ARSEKHNE-CHIIEAN CORRIDOR , 6 Chapter II - PARAGUAY'S PCREIQí TRATE 8 A. EXPORTS 8 B. IMPORTS 11 Chapter III - OPTICUS PCR THE TRANSPORT OF PARAGUAYAN IMPORTS AND EXPORTS THROUGH ARGENTINA AND OUÏE 15 A. RQADOFTION 15 B. RAILOPnONS 19 1. Railway option F-l 20 2. Railway option F-2 24 3. Railway option F-3 26 4. The Mendoza-Los Andes Transandean Railway 28 C. ROAD AND RAIL OPTIONS 30 1. The CF-1 option by road and rail 30 2. Road and rail option CF-2 32 3. Road and rail option CF-3 33 4. The CF-4 option by road and rail 35 D. RIVER AND RAIL OPTIONS 36 1. FF-1 river and rail option 37 2.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.1.2 Argentina Port of Rosario
    2.1.2 Argentina Port of Rosario Port Overview Port Pictures Description and Contacts of Key Companies Terminal Puerto Rosario (TPR) Servicios Portuarios S.A. Cargill APG Terminal (Parana River KM 408) Cargill Punta Alvear Terminal (Parana River KM 406.5) Terminal General Lagos (Parana River KM 396) Terminal Arroyo Seco (Parana River KM 395.5) Port Performance Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling Charges Berthing Specifications General Cargo Handling Berths Port Handling Equipment Container Facilities Customs Guidance Terminal Information Multipurpose Terminal Grain and Bulk Handling Main Storage Terminal Stevedoring Hinterland Information Port Security Port Overview Rosario is the 2nd largest city in Argentina with a population of about 1,250,000 (including Greater Rosario Area). It is in one of the largest and richest grain production areas and is also amongst the most industrialized regions in the country. There are factories building cars, spare parts, white goods, railway equipment, white goods, home appliances, machinery for dairy industry etc. Also outstanding is production of vegetable oil and by-products, dairy products. %50 of the furniture industry is spread in the outskirts of Rosario. The chemical and petro-chemical industries are also very important and there are oil refineries, as well as several plants producing bio-diesel producing from soybean oil. Rosario Port is located at KM 420 on the right bank of Parana River. The importance of the city as a port has diminished in recent years due to the building of modern, more efficient grain terminals up river at Timbues, San Lorenzo, San Martin, and down river at Villa Gobernador Galvez, Punta Alvear and General Lagos, although the terminals to the South remain under Rosario customs jurisdiction.
    [Show full text]