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Pain Management for Laboratory Animals

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Pain Management for Laboratory Animals Tierärztliche Vereinigung für Tierschutz Expert Information Committee on Anaesthesia of GV-SOLAS Supported by The working group 4 of TVT (German veterinary association for animal welfare) Pain management for laboratory animals Status: May 2015 This current recommendation is an up-to-date version of the first recommendation of the Committee on Anaesthesia of GV-SOLAS issued in 2002. It was reviewed and revised in 2015 by the Committee on Anaesthesia of GV-SOLAS: Julia Henke, Biberach Jörg Haberstroh, Freiburg Martin Sager, Düsseldorf Kristianna Becker, Heidelberg Eva Eberspächer, Wien Alessandra Bergadano, Basel Daniel Zahner, Giessen Margarete Arras, Zürich and is backed by the working group 4 of TVT (German veterinary association on animal welfare). This recommendation is intended for licence applicants, animal welfare officers, and authorities. Its purpose is to support work practices that maintain animal welfare standards. Pain relief methods are constantly evolving (e.g. new analgesics, application methods and intervals, dosages). It is everyone’s responsibility to be informed about current standards and most re-cent developments in pain treatment for laboratory animals. Expert information “Pain management for laboratory animals”, May 2015 by the Committee on Anaesthesia of the GV-SOLAS and the working group 4 of TVT Exclusion of Liability The use of the publications (expert information, statements, booklets, recommendations, etc.) of GV- SOLAS and the implementation of the information contained therein are expressly at your own risk. GV- SOLAS and the authors cannot be held responsible for any accidents or damage of any kind arising from the use of the publication (e.g., due to lack of safety information), irrespective of their legal grounds. Liability claims against GV-SOLAS and the authors for any damage of material or immaterial nature caused by the use or non-use of the information or the use of incorrect and/or incomplete information are generally excluded. Legal and damage claims are therefore excluded. The publication including all content has been compiled with the greatest care. However, GV-SOLAS and the authors assume no liability for the topicality, correctness, completeness of quality of the information provided. Printing errors and false information cannot be completely excluded. The GV-SOLAS and the authors do not assume any liability for the topicality, correctness and completeness of the contents of the publications, as well as for printing errors. GV-SOLAS and the authors cannot assume any legal responsibility or liability in any nature for any incorrect information and the resulting consequences. Only the owners of the websites printed in these publications are responsible for the contents of these Internet pages. GV-SOLAS and the authors therefore expressly dissociate themselves from all third-party contents. Liable in accordance with the German press laws: the Board of Directors of GV-SOLAS. Contents 1 Pain, suffering, harm ................................................................................................................................. 4 2 Development of pain .................................................................................................................................. 4 3 Recognition and quantification of pain ...................................................................................................... 5 4 Why pain relief? (Pathophysiological aspects) .......................................................................................... 5 5 Effects of analgesics on animal test results .............................................................................................. 9 5.1 Blood parameter .................................................................................................................................. 9 5.1.1 Haematology (Blood cells)........................................................................................................... 9 5.1.2 Clinical chemistry (Blood levels) ................................................................................................ 10 5.2 Immunological approaches ............................................................................................................ 10 5.2.1 Anaesthetics and opioids .................................................................................................... 10 5.2.2 NSAIDs ............................................................................................................................... 11 5.3 Body weight .................................................................................................................................... 11 5.4 Behaviour ....................................................................................................................................... 11 5.5 Wound healing ................................................................................................................................ 12 5.6 Bone healing ................................................................................................................................... 12 5.7 Colon healing .................................................................................................................................. 13 5.8 Angiogenesis/Vascular proliferation ............................................................................................... 13 5.9 Specific experimental approaches ................................................................................................. 13 5.9.1 Arthritis ................................................................................................................................ 13 5.9.2 Endotoxic shock/Sepsis ...................................................................................................... 14 5.9.3 Examinations in pregnant animals...................................................................................... 14 5.9.4 Ischaemia and reperfusion ................................................................................................. 14 5.9.5 Liver function ...................................................................................................................... 16 Page 2 of 69 Expert information “Pain management for laboratory animals”, May 2015 by the Committee on Anaesthesia of the GV-SOLAS and the working group 4 of TVT 5.9.6 Gastrointestinal tract motility .............................................................................................. 16 5.9.7 Neuropathy ......................................................................................................................... 16 5.9.8 Kidney function ................................................................................................................... 16 5.9.9 Peritonitis ............................................................................................................................ 16 5.9.10 Visceral pain ....................................................................................................................... 17 5.9.11 Postoperative pain .............................................................................................................. 17 5.9.12 Tumor occurrence............................................................................................................... 17 6 Pain suppression in and around surgery ............................................................................................ 18 6.1 General anaesthesia ...................................................................................................................... 18 6.2 Local analgesia ............................................................................................................................... 22 6.3 Systemic analgesics (for postoperative care) ................................................................................ 22 6.4 Effects and side effects profile for commonly used substances..................................................... 24 6.5 Useful approaches .......................................................................................................................... 25 7 Dosage tables ..................................................................................................................................... 27 7.1 Dosage table dog ........................................................................................................................... 27 7.2 Dosage table cat ............................................................................................................................. 28 7.3 Dosage table rabbit ........................................................................................................................ 28 7.4 Dosage table rat ............................................................................................................................. 28 7.5 Dosage table guinea pig, chinchilla, mouse, hamster .................................................................... 29 7.6 Dosage table horse, ruminant and pig ........................................................................................... 30 7.7 Dosage table birds .......................................................................................................................... 30 8 Recommendations on analgesic procedures ..................................................................................... 31 8.1 Head ..............................................................................................................................................
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