VOLUME LXV July 2019 NUMBER 7
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1 Templars in the Chartrain (1120-1312)
1 TEMPLARS IN THE CHARTRAIN (1120-1312) 1. INTRODUCTION So many stories and legends presented as historical truth1 have been told, and still are told, about the Templars and Chartres that it is important to try to assess within our period of interest—the twelfth and thirteenth centuries broadly defined—who they truly were and what influence, if any, they may have had in the region and, in particular, on the design and building of the cathedral as is often stated.2 The spiritual force that gave rise to the Templars has to be sought in the great evangelical awakening of the 11th century, which lasted throughout the 12th century, and that we see at work in the creation of the eremitical movement. In the words of Chenu:3 Looking over the movement as a whole and despite crossbreeding in it, one can discern two basic patterns of foundation on the level of action in the church. One was a special adaptation of the Christianized feudal institutes of knighthood: the Knights Templar and the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre served, both within Christendom and on its frontiers, as a militia of Christ, with the approval and active support of St. Bernard. 1 We have to guard here against the myths surrounding the Knights Templar, what Tyerman (2004, 3) calls “their popular elevation into a sinister, cultic, secret society, guardians of ancient mysteries, precursors of the Freemasons.” This, he says “reflects a false history… championed by…conspiracy theorists allied to cool money sharks bent on commercial exploitation of public credulity.” That is indeed wise and needed advice given the proliferation of books purporting to reveal the secrets and “codes” of enigmatic, shadowy organizations, not to mention films and entertainment exalting “chivalric feats.” However, the baby shouldn’t be thrown out with the bath water either. -
La Fabbrica Dei Falsi Ovvero La Fantastoria Templare Della Sindone Di Torino
www.giornaledistoria.net – Luigi Canetti, La fabbrica dei falsi ovvero la fantastoria templare della sindone di Torino LA FABBRICA DEI FALSI OVVERO LA FANTASTORIA ∗∗∗ TEMPLARE DELLA SINDONE DI TORINO di Luigi Canetti Che tra «un’affermazione falsa, un’affermazione vera e un’affermazione inventata» non sussista, «dal punto di vista formale, alcuna differenza» – lo ricordava Carlo Ginzburg in una frase lapidaria opportunamente citata da Andrea Nicolotti come epigrafe al terzo capitolo del libro che qui si discute 1 – è un’evidenza logica ed epistemica sempre soggetta al rischio letale di fraintendimento per dolo, per inavvertenza ovvero per insipienza. Come scrisse Alessandro Manzoni, citato ancora da Nicolotti sempre in esergo al primo capitolo del suo lavoro, «anche del verosimile la storia si può qualche volta servire» purché lo faccia «nella buona maniera» ossia «distinguendolo dal reale»2. In effetti, la «forma più insidiosa di inganno» di cui lo storico possa rendersi artefice o complice non è tanto il «contrario della verità, brutale, a tutto tondo» bensì «il rimaneggiamento sornione: interpolazione di carte autentiche, abbellimenti con dettagli inventati, nella narrazione, su uno sfondo tutto sommato veritiero»3. Queste ultime osservazioni di Marc Bloch si attagliano perfettamente ai percorsi sinuosi e cangianti della cosiddetta sindonologia, che Andrea Nicolotti si propone qui di vagliare delimitandone il campo, da un lato, alla declinazione autenticista, che è poi quella di gran lunga prevalente, per non dire esclusiva, specie nei periodi di addensamento dei fumi occasionati dalle solenni ostensioni della reliquia torinese, ultima quella del maggio 2010; dall’altro – ed è l’aspetto qualificante la scelta di campo epistemologico e disciplinare dell’opera – alle sole fonti e agli studi di carattere storico e storiografico. -
Turinsvepning En
The Shroud of Turin is today ’The Mystery of All Mysteries’. The scientists cannot explain how the picture ended up on the cloth, but neither can they see it as a fake picture. Note that I, in this context, use available material and I interpret it according to my knowledge. There are clues and traces around the Shroud of Turin. Human wisdom is at the centre: think first, act in a correct way later! William Link Richard Levinson 1933- 1934-1987 Writer, producer Writer, producer One of the best, most human TVPeter Falk series of all times! Kommissarie Colombo Detective Columbo’s secret weapon was to think first, then act in line with your knowledge about human beings. Detective Columbo Human reason, to start by thinking and then act in a human way were detective Columbo’s secret weapons. He was always alone and dressed in a common grey coat. A second-hand Peugeot 403, Cabriolet, 1959, was his means of transport. Peter Falk was of Hungarian descent, but there are also traces of Poland, the Czech Republic and Russia in his past. His mother was Jewish. This is how the Hungarians remember Detective Columbo: A statue of Peter Falk as Columbo and his dog in Falk Miksa street, in the neighbourhood of St. István’s ring road in Budapest. Peter Falk as Detective Columbo can be a human example to the whole world: ”Start by thinking, then act accordingly, in a human way.” These words were his secret weapon. Human reason ruled him. In other words: even weak traces and meagre clues were enough to solve the case. -
Secret of Knights Templar.Pdf
Concept Discover the secrets of the most mysterious and powerful knightly order of the Middle Ages; The Knights Templar. From the rise of their heavenly power through their fall within the ames of diabolism. From to the traditions of their supposed secret survival and their ocial legacies bridging the Holy Land and the European continent. Summary Templar knights in their distinctive white mantles with a red cross, brave in the face of death rather than eeing from the enemy, ghting for Christ and the Pope in the Holy Land during the Crusades. This documentary series aims at reconstructing, for the rst time, in a complete fashion the evolution of the knights belonging to the Order of Solomon’s Temple, whose original goal was to protect pilgrims during their travels to Jerusalem after the victory of the Crusaders at the First Crusade. The Knights Templar grew in power and wealth becoming the earliest banking institution of the Middle Age. They were so rich that they nanced the King of France and benetted from a direct and exclusive link with the Pope. Through three episodes of 45 minutes each, you will discover the developments that led the Templars to extreme power and subsequently to becoming the target of an unprecedented campaign of hatred aiming to place them beyond the boundaries of humanity itself through inexpressible accusations of diabolism and monstrosity. Within two centuries, they were tortured, killed, burnt at the stake and completely extinct. The secrets and mysteries of their rise and fall will be attentively reconstructed by an accurate recourse to historical records which will also lead you through a time voyage in the period following the destruction of the Order. -
Proquest Dissertations
UNIVERSITE DE SHERBROOKE Les Templiers et leur proces : boucs emissaires ou culte esoterique? Par David Bergeron Memoire presente a la Faculte de theologie, d'ethique et de philosophie en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maitre es arts (M.A.) Maitrise en theologie, cheminement recherche Fevrier 2008 Vf - ??.< Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-42931-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-42931-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. -
IDOL SPECULATION by JACK MARKWARDT
IDOL SPECULATION By JACK MARKWARDT A REVIEW OF THE TEMPLARS AND THE SHROUD OF CHRIST By Barbara Frale ©2011 All Rights Reserved In The Templars and the Shroud of Christ, recently published in an English edition, Barbara Frale, a “Vatican Secret Archives Historian”, asserts that the Order of Knights Templar once possessed the Shroud of Turin. This pronouncement will, no doubt, come as quite a shock to the readers of her 2004 book, The Templars, The Secret History Revealed, in which, after admonishing historians to publish historical conclusions only on the basis of “reliable proof”, she suggested that this guiding principle be applied to the “conjecture” that Templars were once Shroud custodians. From these statements, one would reasonably deduce that, during the five- year period spanning the respective publications of her two Templar studies (2004-2009), Dr. Frale had discovered reliable proof of a Templar-Shroud connection sufficient to advance that concept from a status of conjecture to one of certitude. This is not the case, however, as in The Templars and the Shroud of Christ, Dr. Frale discloses that, by the late 1990s, she was already aware of certain Templar trial testimony which had described “an object exactly similar to the Shroud of Turin”. By according to Dr. Frale a full portion of academic bona fides with respect to her aforementioned admonishment to fellow historians and her concomitant criticism of the Templar-Shroud connection as mere conjecture, it becomes necessarily true that, in 2004, Dr. Frale did not deem any Templar trial testimony with which she was then familiar to constitute reliable proof that the Templars had once possessed the Shroud. -
Guillaume De Nogaret Et Lunel.Pdf
Rédaction : Patricia Carlier , Docteur de l’Université d’Aix-Marseille. Chargée de Mission d’inventaire, de conservation et de valorisation des patrimoines. PETR Vidourle Camargue, 83 rue Pierre Aubanel 30470 AIMARGUES. Crédits : PETR Vidourle Camargue. [email protected] Inventaire des patrimoines. Thématique : patrimoine mémoriel, grandes figures Guillaume de Nogaret, un grand serviteur du royaume Une destinée singulière Originaire du Comté de Toulouse, Guillaume de Nogaret est né vers 1260 dans une famille de juristes et d’avocats enregistrée à l’Armorial de Toulouse qui donnera plusieurs capitouls 1. Guillaume de Nogaret apparaît pour la première fois dans l’entourage des Rois d’Aragon à Montpellier où ils ont fondé l’université de Montpellier en 1289. Guillaume de Nogaret y crée la chaire de Droit romain qui porte encore son nom et qui fut occupée par Georges Frêche à la fin du XXe s. Fin légiste Guillaume de Nogaret a peut-être fait ses études à Bologne, car il s’inscrit dans la continuité de Placentin, professeur fondateur de l’école de Droit de Montpellier au XIIe s. qui fut auparavant professeur de Droit romain à l’université de Bologne. Liée à son poste, Nogaret reçoit la charge de juge mage à la Sénéchaussée de Beaucaire qui lui échoit dès 1293. C'est donc fortuitement qu'il est fondé à instruire divers procès essentiellement liés à l’implantation royale en baie d'Aigues-Mortes et au commerce du sel entre autres et qui visent à asseoir les revenus et les positions du Roi Philippe Le Bel à Montpellier et autour d’Aigues-Mortes, seul port sur la Méditerranée que possède le royaume. -
Nicolotti, Les Tribulations D'un Linceul (L'histoire).Pdf
’DOSSIER SUAIRE DE TURIN L’ILLUSTRATION Les tribulations d’un linceul Depuis l’apparition de la relique dans les sources historiques au milieu du xive siècle jusqu’aux débats contemporains, Andrea Nicolotti, spécialiste de l’histoire des images miraculeuses, a repris le dossier du suaire de Turin. Entretien avec Andrea Nicolotti L’HISTOIRE N°372 FÉVRIER 2012 40 L’Histoire : Qu’est-ce, concrètement, La première attestation irréfutable de l’exis- Un événement Les ostensions du que le « suaire* de Turin » ? tence d’un linceul portant l’image du corps du suaire à Turin Andrea Nicolotti : Le « saint suaire », conservé Christ est contenue dans une série de documents ont correspondu, du XVI e à la fin dans la cathédrale de Turin, est un linceul* de lin, des années 1389-1390. Il y est question d’un lin- de la monarchie tissé à chevrons, long d’environ 4,41 m et large de ceul qui, depuis une trentaine d’années, apparte- italienne, à 1,13 m, qui contient la double image, frontale et nait aux chanoines de la collégiale française de des événements de la maison dorsale, d’un homme nu avec les signes d’une sé- Lirey (en Champagne, près de Troyes), une église de Savoie : rie de tortures compatibles avec le crucifiement. Le qui avait été construite et enrichie de biens à la de- ainsi en 1931 tissu est partiellement endommagé par des brûlu- mande du chevalier Geoffroi de Charny en 1353. (page de gauche), au mariage de res qui ont laissé essentiellement intacte l’image : Nous savons avec certitude que le suaire de Lirey et l’héritier. -
Jacques De M Jacques De Molay
Jacques De Molay Born 1240–1250 Franche-Comté Died 18 March 1314 Paris Nationality French Known for Knights Templar Coat of arms of Jacques de Molay Jacques de Malay (c. 1244 – 18 March 1314) [1] was the 23rd and last Grand Master of the Knights Templar , leading the Order f rom 20 April 1292 until it was dissolved by order of Pope Clement V in 1307. Though little is known of his actual life and deeds except for his last years as Grand Master, he is the best k nown Templar, along with the Order's founder and first Grand Master, Hughes de Payens (1070 –1136). Jacques de Malay’s goal as Grand Master was to reform the Order, and adjust it to the situation in the Holy Land during the waning days of the Crusades . As European support for the Crusades had dwindled, other forces were at work which sought to disband the Order and claim the wealth of the Tememplar’s as their own. King Philip IV off FranceF , deeply in debt to the Templars, had de Molay and many other French Templars arrested in 1307 and tortured into making false confessions. When de Molay later retracted his confession, Philip had him slowly burned upon a scaffold on an island in the River Seine in Paris , in March 1314. The sudden end of both the centuries-old order of Templars, and the dramatic execution of its last leader, turned de Molay into a legendary figure. Youth source Little is known of his early years, but de Molay was probably born in Molay, Haute- Saone , in the county of Burgundy , at the time a territory ruled by Otto III as part of the Holy Roman Empire , and in modern times in the area of Franche-Comté , northeastern France. -
Negocium Christi Guillaume De Nogaret Et Le Christocentrisme Capétien, De L’Affaire Boniface VIII À L’Affaire Du Temple
Julien Théry Negocium Christi Guillaume de Nogaret et le christocentrisme capétien, de l’affaire Boniface VIII à l’affaire du Temple paru dans Cristo e il potere dal Medioevo all’Età moderna. Teologia, antropologia, politica, dir. L. Andreani, A. Paravicini-Bagliani, Florence, SISMEL, 2017, p. 183-210 Digitus enim Domini me ad predicta compulit et direxit ; estque instar sacrilegii disputare an dignus sit quem princeps terrenus elegit in suum ministerium, majus ergo sacrilegium de illo quem elegit Altissimus in Sui negocii defensorem. Guillaume de Nogaret, mémoire Crudelis, août-septembre 1304. « La dimension christique, je ne la renie pas ». Emmanuel Macron, Le Journal du dimanche, 12 février 2017. Abstract « Negocium Christi. Guillaume de Nogaret and the French Monarchy’s Christocentrism, from the Case of Boniface VIII through The Case of the Templars » This paper examines the Christ-centered rhetoric of King Philip the Fair’s counselor Guillaume de Nogaret, first in a set of texts produced to justify Nogaret’s action against Boniface VIII at Anagni, and, second, in royal documents produced in the course of the Templar affair. Negocium Christi, a key-concept used by Nogaret for his fight against Boniface’s heresy and evil intentions, was then applied to the French king’s supposedly providential action against the Knights Templar. It is suggested that Nogaret’s frenzied efforts to challenge his excommunication by pope Benedict XI resulting from the attack at Anagni led to the opening of the Templar case and thus further catalyzed a pontificalization of the French monarchy. Agostino Paravicini Bagliani l’a souligné en ouverture du colloque d’Orvieto : tous les grands pouvoirs, au Moyen Âge, eurent à voir avec le Christ, « Roi des rois et Seigneur des seigneurs » (Apocalypse 19, 16)1. -
The Grail Hunters Timeline: Tracking Searchers for the Holy Grail by George Smart
The Grail Hunters Timeline: Tracking Searchers for the Holy Grail by George Smart Chapter 6: 2006 into the future A complete guide to modern-day Grail researchers, theories, news, books, movies, TV, and explorations. Includes the Knights Templar, Oak Island, Rennes- le-Château, The Da Vinci Code , the Gospel of Judas, Holy Blood, Holy Grail , the Shugborough Monument, the Newport Tower, Rosslyn Chapel, the Jesus Bloodline theory, and much more: year by year, often month by month, for the last 60 years. Key: Books, Articles, and Papers Documentaries, Movies, and DVD’s Vatican News Key Events Items in yellow are questionable and need additional verification. Want to help? January 2006 Picknett and Prince publish The Sion Revelation: The Truth about the Guardians of Christ ’s Sacred Bloodline. German network ZDF shows Terra X: Geheimakte Sakrileg – Der Mythos von Rennes -le - Ch âteau exposes the fraudulent claim of treasure or secrets at Rennes-le-Château, featuring Jean- Luc Chaumeil, Henry Lincoln, Jan Rüdiger (Humboldt University History Professor), Antoine Captier and Claire Corbu, and journalist Jean-Jacques Bedu. Jean-Luc Chaumeil Antoine Captier Jan Rüdiger Henry Lincoln Jean-Jacques Bedu BBC One shows Richard Hammond and The Holy Grail with host Richard Hammond (born 1969), Tom Asbridge, Reverend Robin Griffith-Jones (Master of the Temple Church, London), Ian Robertson, Geoffrey Ashe (Arthurian scholar), Richard Barber (British historian), Simon Cox, Stephen O’Shea, Karen McDermott, Gerald O’Collins (Professor of Christology at Rome's Pontifical Gregorian University), and an uncredited American psychic musing about Rosslyn Chapel. Richard Stephen O’Shea Geoffrey Ashe Gerald Hammond O’Collins February 2006 Andrew Sinclair publishes Rosslyn . -
Book Reviews
Medieval Medieval Encounters �0 (�0�4) �6�–�75 Jewish, Christian and Muslim Culture Encounters in Confluence and Dialogue brill.com/me Book Reviews Giles Constable, ed. and trans. in collaboration with Ranabir Chakravarti, Olivia Remie Constable, Tia Kolbaba and Janet M. Martin William of Adam: How to Defeat the Saracens—Guillelmus de Ade: Tractatus quomodo Sarraceni sunt expugnandi. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 2012. xii + 138 pp. ISBN 978–0884023760 The recovery treatises written after the fall of Acre in 1291 are tempting texts. Odd, but tempting. To most medievalists they are a body of writing that is little known and hardly ever read. Economic historians, who might be expected to mine these treatises for data about trade routes, harbor capabilities, urban layouts, or commercial networks, can, and usually do, learn the same infor- mation from more reliable, because less polemical, sources. And the treatises generally contain little that is of interest to social and cultural historians. Most historians, in sum, regard the recovery texts with as little real interest as the treatises’ contemporary audiences did. The treatises, after all, address a world that has largely turned against the idea of continued crusades to the Holy Land; by the end of the thirteenth century most Latin Christians regarded campaigns to the Levant as either ill-fated endeavors unlikely ever to succeed or as matters of secondary importance. Better by far to root out heretics, crush Ghibellines, push the Christian-Muslim border in Spain further to the south and the Christian-pagan frontier within Europe deeper into the Baltic regions. The treatises, being polemical, are exercises in temptation, urging reluctant readers to give the Holy Land one last effort.