Contribution to the Knowledge of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Iran

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Contribution to the knowledge of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Iran

Amir Biranvand, Shahram Hesami, Mehdi Gheibi, Lida Fekrat, Oldřich Nedvěd & Jahanshir Shakarami

To cite this article: Amir Biranvand, Shahram Hesami, Mehdi Gheibi, Lida Fekrat, Oldřich Nedvěd & Jahanshir Shakarami (2018): Contribution to the knowledge of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Iran, Oriental Insects, DOI: 10.1080/00305316.2018.1482804 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2018.1482804

Published online: 29 Jun 2018.

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Contribution to the knowledge of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Iran

Amir Biranvanda, Shahram Hesamia , Mehdi Gheibia, Lida Fekratb, Oldřich Nedvědc,d and Jahanshir Shakaramie

aDepartment of Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran; bFaculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; cFaculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; dInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; eDepartment of Plant Protection, Agricultural Faculty, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Based on reviewing the previous relevant literature on Iranian Received 29 July 2017 ladybirds as well as identifying and studying coccinellid Accepted 28 May 2018 specimens collected during 2013–2016 from various localities KEYWORDS in Lorestan province (Western Iran), a revised checklist of the Checklist; Coccinellidae; Coccinellidae of Lorestan is presented, with 57 species from faunistics; Iran; Lorestan; new 25 genera of 10 tribes. Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (Linnaeus, records; review 1758) is excluded from the fauna of Lorestan, Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794) and Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann, 1794) are added to the fauna of Lorestan. Moreover, an identification key to the reported genera of Coccinellidae in Lorestan province, a key to the subgenera of Nephus Mulsant and Scymnus Kugelann and also a key to the species of subgenus Bipunctatus Fürsch in Iran are given.

Introduction

The predation behaviour of most species of coccinellids, variation in the elytral patterns and colouration as well as old beliefs about the members of this family have made them the most popular insects among people. Up to now, nearly 6000 ladybird species in 360 genera have been reported all around the world (Ślipiński 2007; Ślipiński and Tomaszewska 2010; Nedvěd and Kovář 2012). These insects are capable predators, both in larval and adult stages, feeding on whiteflies (Aleyrodoidea), aphids (Aphidoidea), chrysomelid beetle larvae (Chrysomelidae), mealybugs (Coccoidea) and psyllids (Psylloidea) (Hodek and Honěk 2009; Obrycki et al. 2009; Hodek and Evans 2012). Some ladybird species feed on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Harris 1921; Majerus et al. 2007),

CONTACT Shahram Hesami [email protected] This article was originally published with errors. This version has been corrected/amended. Please see Corrigendum (http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2018.1496618). © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Published online 29 Jun 2018 2 A. BIRANVAND ET AL. some other (Stethorini) are tetranychid mite specialist predators (Biddinger et al. 2009) and some members of Tytthaspidini and Halyziini tribes are mycophagous (Sutherland and Parrella 2009). The most recent classifications of the family have reduced the number of subfamilies into two, Microweiseinae and Coccinellinae, with numerous tribes (Ślipiński 2007). This classification was confirmed by both morphological and molecular studies (Robertson et al. 2008; Giorgi et al. 2009; Seago et al. 2011; Robertson et al. 2015). In the first checklist of insects of Iran by Farahbakhsh (1961), 20 species of ladybirds were reported. Afterwards, Naim (1971) and Duverger (1983) listed 24 and 42 species of ladybirds from Iran, respectively. These three initial studies were followed by numerous investigations (Yazdani 1990; Moodi and Mossadegh 1995; Montazeri and Mossadegh 1995; Yaghmaei and Karrazi Pakdel 1995; Bagheri and Mossadegh 1996; Bagheri and Mossadegh 1997; Biranvand et al. 2014a; Biranvand et al. 2016; Biranvand et al. 2017a; Biranvand et al. 2017b). The last checklist of coccinellids of Iran was published by Abdolahi Mesbah et al. (2016) contained 142 species from 41 genera. In this paper, the results of all previous studies on the fauna of ladybirds in Lorestan province were combined, previous possible misidentifications were corrected and the list of coccinellids of Lorestan province was updated and completed. Some detailed information for the species preliminarily mentioned as new records in a proceeding abstract by Biranvand et al. (2014b) was also provided. Moreover, an identification key to the reported coccinellid genera in Lorestan province, a key to the subgenera of Nephus Mulsant and Scymnus Kugelann and a key to the species of subgenus Bipunctatus Fürsch, in Iran were prepared.

Material and methods

The present paper includes data based on review of relevant literature along with examination of samples collected by the first author from different localities in Lorestan province, Western Iran. Our material was collected during 2013–2016 using sweeping net and hand catch. Male and female genitalia of preserved specimens were dissected, cleared in a 10% solution of NaOH by boiling for several minutes, and examined with an Olympus CX51 microscope. The photographs of the whole beetles and their genitalia and other morphological details were taken using a digital camera. Images were transferred to the Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 software and finally, all genital pictures were prepared by turning images into drawings. The specimens were identified to species using available keys and resources (Fürsch 1958, 1965). In this paper, the higher classification of Coccinellidae by Seago et al. (2011) is followed. Taxonomy at the species level agrees with Kovář (2007). Specific termi- nology used in morphology of Coccinellidae follows Ślipiński (2007). Information about geographic distribution of the species comes from Kovář (2007) and Canepari (2011). The specimens collected and examined during this study are ORIENTAL INSECTS 3 deposited in the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch.

Results

The current checklist of Coccinellidae for the Lorestan province includes 57 species from 25 genera and 10 tribes, all of them belonging to the subfamily Coccinellinae Latreille, 1807 (sensu Seago et al. 2011). Two species, Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794), and Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus (Kugelann, 1794) are new records for Lorestan province. Re-examination of specimens of two ladybird species reported by Biranvand (2013) and Biranvand et al. (2014b) as Tytthaspis sedecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) and T. gebleri (Mulsant, 1850) revealed that these samples were misidentified, and are morphological variations of Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758). Hence, these species should be considered as unreported from Lorestan province and Iran, respectively. In Iran, T. sedecimpunctata was firstly reported by Mohammadzadeh Fard and Fallahzadeh (2008) from Fars province (Khafr region) on Triticum sp. Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius, 1781) is removed from the fauna of Lorestan. It was reported by Abdolahi Mesbah et al. (2016) from Lorestan with reference to Ghanbari Kohyani et al. (2013), but these authors worked in Lordegan district in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Tetrabrachys pellucidus (Barovskij, 1909) is removed from the fauna of Lorestan. It was reported by Abdolahi Mesbah et al. (2016) from Lorestan with reference to Iablokoff–Khnzorian (1974), but he reported the species from Kerman province.

Identification key to the genera of ladybird beetles of Lorestan province, Iran 1. Clypeus enlarged laterally, partially dividing eyes, antennal insertions located ventrally, not visible from above, scape and at least basal part of pedicel concealed by the extended clypeal margin…………..……………………2 –. Clypeus not expanded, not dividing eyes, antennal insertions located laterally, dorsolaterally or dorsally.…………………………………………………5 2. Body length 2.5 to 3.5 mm, clypeus concealing labrum, antenna 9 segmented, prosternal process with carinae, femora strongly depressed, elytra pubescent………….……………………….……Platynaspis Redtenbacher –. Body length 2.8-5 mm, labrum visible, antennae 8 or 10 segmented, prosternal process without carinae, femora normal, elytra rarely pubescent……3 3. Fronto-clypeal plate emaginated at anterior margin, antennae 8 segmented, abdominal postcoxal line merging or passing parallel with the posterior margin of first abdominal ventrite, body glabrous.…….Chilocorus Leach –. Fronto-clypeal plate not emarginated, antennae 10 segmented, abdominal postcoxal line at a long distance from the first abdominal ventrite, body usually glabrous…………………………………………….….….………4 4 A. BIRANVAND ET AL.

4. Elytra black with red spots or red with or without black spots, scutellum more than 20x narrower than body……………Exochomus Redtenbacher –. Elytra black, without any spots, scutellum less than 16x narrower than body….….………………………………………Parexochomus Barovskij 5. Body pubescent, 3–9 mm long, antennal insertion located dorsally between eyes, mandibles multidenticulate apically, phytophagous………………6 –. Body glabrous or pubescent, antenna inserted in front of eyes, not located dorsally between them, mandibles rarely multidenticulate apically, usually with bifid or single apex, not phytophagous………………………………7 6. Body length 3–4 mm. Tarsal claws single with a basal subquadrate tooth; with elytral epipleuron foveae for apices of mid and hind femora.….….………………………………………Cynegetis Chevrolat –. Body lengh 4.5–9.5 mm, tarsal claws double with a large basal tooth or sometimes smooth basally, without elytral epipleuron foveae for apices of mid and hind femora………………………………Henosepilachna Li 7. Body length usually more than 3 mm, antennae longer than 2/3 head width, distinct securiform terminal maxillary palpomere..………………………8 –. Body length usually less than 3 mm, antennae shorter than 2/3 head width, terminal maxillary palpomere barrel-shaped, elongate oval or conical……………………………………………………………………19 8. Body pubescent.….….……………………………………………………9 –. Body glabrous……………………………………………………………11 9. Prosternum extended anteriorly toward mouthparts and partially concealing them………………………………………Cryptolaemus Mulsant –. Mouthparts visible from below …………………………………………10 10. Tarsi tetramerous, antennae 10 segmented…………Tetrabrachys Frölich –. Tarsi cryptotetramerous, antennae 11 segmented…Coccidula Kugelann 11. Anterolateral angles of clypeus not produced forward, with truncate apex; antennae 1.2x longer than head width; pronotum and elytra yellow with small black spots, mandibles multidenticulate apically; mostly mycophagous……………………………………………………Psyllobora Dejean –. Anterolateral angles of clypeus produced forward; antennae <1.1x longer than head width; colour of elytra and pronotum variable, mandibular apex bifid, mostly predators……………………………………………………12 12. Tarsal claws cleft near its apical third, knee sclearly visible dorsally……………………………………………….Hippodamia Dejean –. Tarsal claws not split………………………………………………………13 13. Mid and hind tibiae without apical spurs; body 1.6x longer than wide.….….….……………………………………………Aphidecta Weise –. Mid and hind tibia with apical spurs; body <1.4x longer than wide ………………………………………………………………………14 14. Anterior margin of mesosternum with deep, broad triangular pit; light brown with white spots……………………………………Calvia Mulsant ORIENTAL INSECTS 5

–. Anterior margin of mesosternum straight or with shallow, narrow pit; not with white spots……………………………………………………….15 15. Abdominal postcoxal line distinctly recurved and almost complete; prosternal process without carinae………………………Adalia Mulsant –. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, ending near posterior margin of abdominal segment; prosternal process with carinae……………………………….…………………………………16 16. Abdominal postcoxal line bifid, with additional olique line; antennae as long as frons width.….…………………………………………………17 –. Abdominal postcoxal line ending simply near posterior margin; anterior margin of mesosternum with shallow pit; antennae as long as head width; yellow and black squares………………………Propylea Mulsant 17. Anterior margin of mesosternum straight………………………………18 –. Anterior margin of mesosternum with shallow pit; light colour with brown spots or dark colour with red spots……………Oenopia Mulsant 18. Elytra red with black spots; body size 4-8 mm………Coccinella Linnaeus –. Elytra black with yellow spots or elytra yellow with black spots; body size 2.5-4.5 mm………………………………………Coccinula Dobzhansky 19. Terminal maxillary palpomere conical, tarsal claws simple, without basal tooth, antennae 10 segmented, body pubescent……………………………….….….……Pharoscymnus Bedel –. Terminal maxillary palpomere barrel-shaped, tarsal claws usually with basal tooth, number of antennal segments variable, body pubescent or glabrous……………………………………………………………..….20 20. Body surface glabrous.….….………………………Hyperaspis Chevrolat –. Body surface pubescent….….….………………………………………21 21. Prosternum very narrow and sharply declivous anteriorly so that with inflection of head, the mouthparts touch the coxae; <1.5 mm ………………………………………………Clitostethus Weise –. Mouthparts and coxae not touching each other…………………………22 22. Prosternum broadly rounded anteriorly, at least partially concealing mouthparts; <1.5 mm; elytra black………………………Stethorus Weise –. Mouthparts visible…….….……………………………………………23 23. Tarsi cryptotetramerous, prosternal process usually with carinae, abdominal postcoxal line complete or ending in the middle of segment; all hairs oblique………………………………………Scymnus Kugelann –. Tarsi with 3 tarsomeres, prosternal process without carinae……………24 24. Abdominal postcoxal line ending near posterior lateral angle of the segment or curved toward the anterior margin of the first abdominal ventrite, but not complete; some hairs on elytral margin erect, perpen- dicular….….….…………………………………………Nephus Mulsant –. Abdominal postcoxal line ending at lateral side of the segment near anterior angle………………………………………Scymniscus Dobzhanskiy 6 A. BIRANVAND ET AL.

Antenna: number of segments Abdominal postcoxal line

9 10 11 complete Incomplete 1/2 3/8 1/4

Bipunctatus Geminosipho Mimopullus Neopullus Nephus Sidis Pullus Prosternal processus Scymnus Scymnus with carinae

Neopullus Pullus Scymnus Scymnus

Mimopullus

Neopullus Neopullus Scymnus Pullus Pullus Scymnus Mimopullus Geminosipho Nephus Sidis without carinae

Bipunctatus Geminosipho Sidis Nephus Geminosipho Mimopullus Nephus Bipunctatus Sidis

Figure 1. Pictorial identification key to the subgenera of the genera Scymnus Kugelann and Nephus Mulsant present in Iran.

Identification key to the subgenera of Nephus Mulsant in Iran (Fig. 1) 1. Abdominal postcoxal line parallel to the hind margin of the first abdominal ventrite, sometimes curved upwards at the apex, but at a distance from lateral margins of the first abdominal ventrite, antennae 9 or 11 segmented…………………………………………………………………2 ORIENTAL INSECTS 7

–. Abdominal postcoxal line not parallel to the hind margin of the first abdominal ventrite, extended and curved towards the hind margin of the first abdominal ventrite, antennae 10 segmented.….….……………………3 2. Antennae 9 segmented…………………………………………Bipunctatus –. Antennae 11 segmented……………………………………….…Nephus 3. Postcoxal line forming open arc, penis with double tip…………Geminosipho –. Postcoxal line forming close arc, penis with simple tip…………………Sidis

Identification key to the subgenera of Scymnus Kugelann in Iran (Fig. 1) 1. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete.….….………………Scymnus s.str. –. Abdominal postcoxal line complete.….…………………………………2 2. Antennae 10 segmented, body length 1.7–2 mm; elytral pubescence whirling in several directions; elytra orange brown with dark brown apical margin and sutural stripe; pronotum dark brown except for orange anterior margin; male genitalia with parameres longer than penis guide…………………………Scymnus (Neopullus) testaceus Motschulsky –. Antennae 11 segmented, pubescence whirling or not, colouration vriable……………………………………………………………………3 3. Prosternal process without carinae……………………………Mimopullus –. Prosternal process with carinae………………………………………Pullus

Identification key to the species of Nephus (Bipunctatus) Fürsch in Iran 1. Body egg-shaped, 1.4x longer than wide, each elytron with a nearly oval spot at the apex extending towards the middle, penis guide length equal to parameres, body length 1.3–1.9 mm.…………………N. nigricans Weise –. Body oval, 1.6x longer than wide, each elytron with small reddish spot near apex, body length 1.5–2 mm…….….……………………………………2 2. Pronotum black, matt, elytra dark brown humeral tubercles inconspicu- ous, penis guide longer than parameres…………N. bisignatus Boheman –. Pronotum black, shiny, elytra black with reddish spots, humeral tubercles conspicuous, penis guide shorter than parameres…………………………….….……N. bipunctatus Kugelann

The collected coccinellid species in this study are listed as follows: Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794) (Fig. 2A–D) (New record for Lorestan)

Material examined

Lorestan province: Khorramabad, University of Lorestan, Faculty of Agriculture (33°26′18″N, 48°15′58″E), spring 2015, 3 m, 2 f, on Punica granatum, lgt. Biranvand, det. Biranvand. Lorestan province: Khorramabad (33°30′30″N, 48°21′38″E), summer 2016, 1 f, on Ailanthus, lgt. Biranvand, det. Biranvand. 8 A. BIRANVAND ET AL.

Figure 2A–I. Clitostethus arcuatus A–D. A, dorsal view; B, penis; C–D, tegmen in lateral view. Nephus bipunctatus E–I. E, dorsal view; F, penis; G, penis apex; H–I, tegmen, lateral and ventral view.

Distribution in Iran Ardabil, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, Golestan, Kerman, Khorasan, Mazandaran (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Lorestan (current study).

Comments This species has four generations per year (Tavadjoh et al. 2010) and is considered as one of the most important natural enemies of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Tavadjoh et al. 2010; Yazdani and Zarabi 2010; Magro et al. 2010), aphids and mites (Moddarres-Awal 2012). Larvae and adults of C. arcuatus show cannibalistic behaviour (Liotta 1981; Tavadjoh et al. 2010).

Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus (Kugelann, 1794) (Fig. 2E–I) (New record for Lorestan)

Material examined

Lorestan province: Khorramabad, Kamalvand (33°28′14″N, 48°26′24″E), spring and summer 2014, 7 m, 9 f, lgt. Biranvand, det. Biranvand. ORIENTAL INSECTS 9

Distribution in Iran Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, Gilan, Kerman, Mazandaran, Semnan, Zanjan (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al. 2014), Lorestan (current study).

Comments Two species of parasitoids of N. bipunctatus were previously reported from Iran including Homalotylus tlaminius (Dalman) and Homalotylus sinensis Xu and He (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) (Fallahzadeh et al. 2006). N. bipunctatus feeds usually on Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), Eulecanium prunastri Fernald (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Euphyllura olivina (Costa) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Chorizococcus viticola Kaydan and Kozár (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Fallahzadeh et al. 2010) and Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Fallahzadeh et al. 2011).

Nephus (Bipunctatus) nigricans (Weise, 1879)

Material examined

Lorestan province: Khorramabad, University of Lorestan, Faculty of Agriculture (33°26′18″N, 48°15′58″E), 1 f, spring 2013, lgt. Biranvand, det. Nedvěd.

Comments Although this species is very similar to Scymniscus biflammulatus, N. bipunctatus and N. bisignatus in general appearance and colouration, it can be differentiated from them by abdominal postcoxal line sending in posterior margin, number of antennal segments (9) and male genitalia (penis guide as long as parameres). The species has just been reported from Lorestan province, Iran (Biranvand et al. 2014b).

Parexochomus nigripennis (Erichson, 1843)

Material examined

Lorestan province: Khorramabad, University of Lorestan, Faculty of Agriculture (33°26′18″N, 48°15′58″E), 12 m, 16 f, spring and summer 2013, lgt. Biranvand, det. Nedvěd. Lorestan province: Khorramabad, Kamalvand (33°28′14″N, 48°26′24″E), spring and summer 2014, 10 m, 8 f, lgt. Biranvand, det. Biranvand.

Distribution in Iran Fars, Kerman, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Mazandaran, Sistan and Baluchestan (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Lorestan (Biranvand et al. 2017b). 10 A. BIRANVAND ET AL.

Comments Kovář (2007) transferred all species of the genus Brumus Mulsant from the Palearctic region to the genus Exochomus Redtenbacher and considered the subgenus Parexochomus Barovskij as an independent genus. This view was accepted by Nedvěd and Kovář (2012). P. nigripennis feeds usually on Acanthococcus abaii Danzig (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae), Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Moddarres- Awal 2012).

Parexochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze, 1777)

Material examined

Lorestan province: Khorramabad, University of Lorestan, Faculty of Agriculture (33°26′18″N, 48°15′58″E), 9 m, 8 f, spring and summer 2013, 2014, lgt. Biranvand, det. Biranvand. Lorestan province: Khorramabad, Kamalvand (33°28′14″N, 48°26′24″E), spring and summer 2014, 5 m, 4 f, lgt. Biranvand, det. Biranvand.

Distribution in Iran Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, East Azerbaijan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kerman, Khorasan, Mazandaran, Semnan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Zanjan (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Lorestan (Jafari and Kamali 2007).

Comments This species is similar to African P. flavipes in general appearance but can be dis- tinguished from it by the male genitalia. This species feeds usually on Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Eulecanium prunastri Fernald (Hemiptera: Coccidae), Euphyllura olivina (Costa) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012) and other aphids and coccids (Atlıhan and Özgökçe 2002; Kaydan et al. 2012).

Scymniscus biflammulatus (Motschulsky, 1837) Synonym: Nephus biflammulatus (Motschulsky, 1837)

Material examined

Lorestan province: Khorramabad, University of Lorestan, Faculty of Agriculture (33°26′18.4″N, 48°15′58.1″E), 1 f, spring 2013, lgt. Biranvand, det. Nedvěd. ORIENTAL INSECTS 11

Distribution in Iran Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (Bagheri and Mossadegh 1997), Kermanshah (Jalilvand et al. 2014), Lorestan (Biranvand et al. 2014b).

Comments Scymniscus biflammulatus was reported by Bagheri and Mossadegh (1977) from Prunus dulcis and Astragalus sp.

Scymnus (Scymnus) rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1777)

Material examined

Lorestan province: Khorramabad, University of Lorestan, Faculty of Agriculture (33°26′18″N, 48°15′58″E), 12 m, 10 f, Spring and summer 2013, 2014, 2015, lgt. Biranvand, det. Biranvand. Lorestan province: Dorud, Alghadir (33°30′11″N, 49°03′13″E), on Medicago sativa, 8 m, 10 f, summer, 2014, lgt. Biranvand, det. Biranvand.

Distribution in Iran Ardabil, Fars, Gilan, Mazandaran, Semnan (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Lorestan (Biranvand et al. 2014b).

Comments This species feeds on aphids,Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012).

Scymnus (Neopullus) testaceus Motschulsky, 1837

Material examined

Lorestan province: Khorramabad, University of Lorestan, Faculty of Agriculture (33°26′18″N, 48°15′58″E), 1 f, spring 2013, lgt. Biranvand, det. Nedvěd.

Comments This species is similar to Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus Mulsant, 1850, some forms of Scymnus (Scymnus) interruptus (Goeze, 1777) and Scymnus (Pullus) suturalis Thunberg, 1795 in general appearance and colouration, and can be differentiated from them by abdominal postcoxal lines (complete), number of antennal segments (10), elytral pubescence (whirling) and male genitalia. Status of S. testaceus versus S. limbatus Stephens, 1832 is obscured and must be clarified. The species has just been reported from Lorestan province, Iran (Biranvand et al. 2014b). 12 A. BIRANVAND ET AL.

Annotated list of Coccinellidae of Lorestan province, Iran, along with their general distribution. Species are arranged alphabetically for convenience. Often used synonyms are added. Literature citations refer to the first record in Lorestan (LOR) province.

Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, South America. LOR: Duverger 1983

A. decempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

A. tetraspilota (Hope, 1831); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Asia. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2014b

Aphidecta obliterata (Linnaeus, 1758); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, Asia (Iran and Turkey), introduced to North America. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

Calvia decemguttata (Linnaeus, 1758); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Naim 1971

Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Tribe: Chilocorini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America, Southern Africa. LOR: Duverger 1983

Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi, 1794); Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America, Southern Africa. LOR: current study

Coccidula lithophiloides (Reitter, 1890); Tribe: Coccidulini General distribution: Europe (Armenia), Asia (Iran). LOR: Fürsch 1977

Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758; Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Southern Africa, introduced to North America. LOR: Naim 1971

C. undecimpunctata Linnaeus, 1758; Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Australian, North America. LOR: Ansari pour and Shakarami 2011

Coccinula elegantula (Weise, 1890); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe (Russia), Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

C. redimita (Weise, 1885); Tribe: Coccinellini ORIENTAL INSECTS 13

General distribution: Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

C. sinuatomarginata (Faldermann, 1837); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Tavakoli et al. 2014

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1853; Tribe: Coccidulini General distribution: Australia; introduced to Europe, North Africa, Asia, North America, Southern Africa, South American. LOR: Ansari pour and Shakarami 2011

Cynegetis syriaca Mader, 1958 (= Cynegetis rapillyi (Duverger 1983)); Tribe: Epilachnini General distribution: Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

Exochomus gebleri Weise, 1885; Tribe: Chilocorini General distribution: Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

E. quadripustulatus (Linnaeus 1758); Tribe: Chilocorini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Australia, North America. LOR: Duverger 1983

E. undulatus Weise, 1878; Tribe: Chilocorini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

Henosepilachna argus (Geoffroy 1762); Tribe: Epilachnini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Southern Africa. LOR: Duverger 1983

Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Australia, introduced to South Africa, North America, South America. LOR: Duverger 1983

Hyperaspis femorata (Motschulsky, 1837); Tribe: Hyperaspidini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2017a

H. quadrimaculata Redtenbacher, 1843; Tribe: Hyperaspidini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

H. reppensis (Herbst, 1783); Tribe: Hyperaspidini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Tavaloli et al. 2014

Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus (Kugelann, 1794); Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: current study

N. (Bipunctatus) nigricans (Weise, 1879); Tribe: Scymnini 14 A. BIRANVAND ET AL.

General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2014b

Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, Asia, North America. LOR: Farahbakhsh 1961

O. lyncea agnatha (Rosenhauer, 1847); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Naim 1971

O. oncina (Olivier, 1808); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

Parexochomus melanocephalus (Zubkov, 1833); Tribe: Chilocorini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

P. nigripennis (Erichson, 1843); Tribe: Chilocorini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Southern Africa. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2017b

P. nigromaculatus (Goeze, 1777); Tribe: Chilocorini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

P. pubescens (Kuster, 1848); Tribe: Chilocorini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

Pharoscymnus ovoides Sicard, 1907; Tribe: Sticholotidini General distribution: North Africa, Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

P. pharoides (Marseul, 1868); Tribe: Sticholotidini General distribution: North Africa, Asia. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2016

Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia; introduced to North America. LOR: Duverger 1983

Platynaspis luteorubra (Goeze, 1777); Tribe: Platynaspidini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758); Tribe: Coccinellini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

Scymniscus biflammulatus (Motschulsky, 1837) (= Nephus biflammulatus (Motschulsky, 1837)); Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2014b

Scymnus (Mimopullus) marinus Mulsant, 1850 (= Scymnus (Mimopullus) mediterraneus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1972); Tribe: Scymnini ORIENTAL INSECTS 15

General distribution: Asia, Europe, North Africa. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

S. (Mimopullus) pharaonis Motschulsky, 1851 (= S. (Mimopullus) araraticus Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1969); Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

S. (Neopullus) testaceus Motschulsky, 1837; Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2014b

S. (Pullus) subvillosus (Goeze, 1777); Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Southern Africa. LOR: LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

S. (Pullus) syriacus Marsuel, 1868; Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: North Africa, Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

S. (Scymnus) apetzi Mulsant, 1846; Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Duverger 1983

S. (Scymnus) flavicollis Redtenbacher, 1843; Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Ansari pour and Shakarami 2011

S. (Scymnus) frontalis (Fabricius, 1787); Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, Asia, introduced to North America. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

S. (Scymnus) nubilus Mulsant, 1850; Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia, Australia, Southern Africa. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2014a

S. (Scymnus) pallipes Mulsant, 1850; Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

S. (Scymnus) rubromaculatus (Goeze, 1778), Tribe: Scymnini General distribution: Southern Africa, Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2014b

S. suffrianioides (Sahlberg, 1913); Tribe: Scymnini Including S. suffrianioides suffrianioides (Sahlberg, 1913) (= S. pallipediformis Günther, 1958). General distribution: Asia and S. suffrianioides apetzoides (Capra and Fürsch, 1967) (= S. (Scymnus) apetzoides Capra and Fürsch, 1967). General distribution: Europe, Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007

Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant, 1850); Tribe: Stethorini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Jafari and Kamali 2007 16 A. BIRANVAND ET AL.

S. pusillus (Herbst, 1797); Tribe: Stethorini General distribution: Europe, North Africa, Asia. LOR: Biranvand et al. 2014a

S. siphonulus Kapur, 1948; Tribe: Stethorini General distribution: Asia. LOR: Ansari pour and Shakarami 2011

Tetrabrachys bipustulatus (Barovskij, 1909); Tribe: Tetrabrachini General distribution: Central Asia. LOR: Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1974

T. major (Barovskij, 1910); Tribe: Tetrabrachini General distribution: Asia (Iran, Turkey). LOR: Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1974

T. minimus (Barovskij, 1910); Tribe: Tetrabrachini General distribution: Asia (Iran). LOR: Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1974

T. naviauxi (Duverger, 1983); Tribe: Tetrabrachini General distribution: Asia (Iran). LOR: Duverger 1983

Discussion

The Lorestan fauna of Coccinellidae currently includes 57 species. The genus Scymnus with 12 species was the most species-rich genus, followed by Parexochomus and Tetrabrachys with four species, the genera Adalia, Coccinula, Exochomus, Hyperaspis, Oenopia and Stethorus each with three species and the genera Coccinella, Nephus and Pharoscymnus each with two species. Other genera were represented by only one species. Only 9 out of these 57 species, i.e. Adalia tetraspilota (Hope, 1831), Coccinula redimita (Weise, 1885), Cynegetis syriaca Mader, 1958, Exochomus gebleri Weise, 1885, Stethorus siphonulus Kapur, 1948, Tetrabrachys bipustulatus (Barovskij, 1909), T. major (Barovskij, 1910), T. minimus (Barovskij, 1910) and T naviauxi (Duverger 1983) and the subspecies S. suffrianioides suffrianioides (Sahlberg, 1913) are restricted to Asia and there has not been any reports of these species either from northern Africa or from Europe. The ladybirds Adalia tetraspilota, Stethorus siphonulus and Tetrabrachys bipustulatus are mostly distributed from central and eastern Asia to the Oriental region. The distributional centre of the ladybirds Cynegetis syriaca, Exochomus gebleri, Scymnus suffrianioides suffrianioides and Tetrabrachys major is south-west Asia. The ladybird Coccinula redimita has hitherto been such as Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The report of the coccinellid Scymnus (Mimopullus) marinus from Lorestan province in Iran is the only report for this species from Asia. Tetrabrachys minimus and T. naviauxi are endemic for Lorestan province. The ladybird Coccidula lithophiloides is a rare species only known from Iran and Armenia. ORIENTAL INSECTS 17

Most of the 57 recorded species are predators, except for the species belonging to the genera Cynegetis and Henosepilachna wich are phytophagous and also one mycophagous species of the genus Psyllobora.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Shahram Hesami http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8537-409X

References

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