Report on the House of Commons Presentation Concerning Opcw Leaks About Douma
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What's Really Happening in Syria: Who Started
What’s Really Happening in Syria: Who Started the War, Who Can You Trust to Tell the Truth? A Consumer Fraud Lawyer’s Mini-Primer By Robert Roth Region: Middle East & North Africa Global Research, September 19, 2018 Theme: Media Disinformation, US NATO New Cold War 2 January 2017 War Agenda In-depth Report: SYRIA This article, first published on GR in January 2017, provides an understanding of the history of the war on Syria, from the outset in mid-March 2011. The U.S./NATO line If you try to follow events in the mainstream media (MSM), you may have noticed that they routinely refer to Syrian president Bashar al Assad as a “brutal dictator”. Assad is supposed to have responded to peaceful protests with repressive violence and by “killing his own people”. The U.S., UK, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar continue to maintain that “Assad must go”. I disagree with all of that, as I’ll explain in this article. I spent 25 years prosecuting lies in commerce for the attorneys general of New York and Oregon. I prepared this primer to help you cut through the lies and get at the truth about Syria. Much of this article is a string of excerpts from the excellent work of authors I’ve come to trust and citations or links to sources for further information and analysis. International law, morality, and the sovereignty of the people Since Syria has not threatened the United States in any way, let alone attacked us, our government has no right to try to overthrow the Syrian government. -
For Many Scholars the Issues of Propaganda and Deception Have Been Largely Taboo Subjects
Propaganda, Politics and Deceptioni David Miller and Piers Robinson Abstract For many scholars the issues of propaganda and deception have been largely taboo subjects. There is only fleeting attention to deception from political scientists whilst communication scholars pay minimal attention to the issue of propaganda. And yet we live in an age in which debates about deception and propaganda are prevalent. Recent angst over fake news and foreign propaganda activities have become part of political discourse. In fact, as this chapter shows, questions of deception and lying in politics are perennial and date back to ancient times whilst propaganda remains an integral component of contemporary democracies. Moreover, deception as a political strategy has become pervasive in contemporary liberal democracies because of the range of institutions now involved in the manipulation of information. These institutions include media, academia, think tanks and intelligence services. Furthermore, the emergence of internet-based digital communication creates new opportunities for powerful actors to manipulate beliefs and conduct. These developments raise profound questions with respect to the health of contemporary liberal democracies and, accordingly, the study of propaganda and deception needs to become far more central and mainstream than has been the case to date. Keywords Propaganda, deception, organised persuasive communication, public relations, strategic communication, democracy 1 Overview Popular current debates surrounding ‘fake news’ and propaganda have elevated the perceived importance of the role of deception in politics. Much of the mainstream discussion of these matters has tended to focus on the controversial US president Donald Trump, the prevalence of ‘fake news’ across social and alternative/independent media, and a renewed fixation on the alleged Russian threat to Western interests and its mischievous employment of propaganda as a part of hybrid warfare. -
Media Imperialism Continuity and Change
DOWNLOAD CSS Notes, Books, MCQs, Magazines www.thecsspoint.com Download CSS Notes Download CSS Books Download CSS Magazines Download CSS MCQs Download CSS Past Papers The CSS Point, Pakistan’s The Best Online FREE Web source for All CSS Aspirants. Email: [email protected] BUY CSS / PMS / NTS & GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOKS ONLINE CASH ON DELIVERY ALL OVER PAKISTAN Visit Now: WWW.CSSBOOKS.NET For Oder & Inquiry Call/SMS/WhatsApp 0333 6042057 – 0726 540141 WWW.NOKRIWALA.NET CSS Solved Compulsory MCQs From 2000 to 2020 Latest & Updated Order Now Call/SMS 03336042057 - 0726540141 MEDIA IMPERIALISM CONTINUITY AND CHANGE Edited by OLIVER BOYD-BARRETT Bowling Green State University TANNER MIRRLEES University of Ontario Institute of Technology ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 19_0411-Boyd_Barrett.indb 1 6/25/19 6:35 AM Executive Editor: Elizabeth Swayze Editorial Assistant: Megan Manzano Senior Marketing Manager: Kim Lyons Credits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources, and reproduced with permission, appear on the appropriate page within the text. Published by Rowman & Littlefield An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com 6 Tinworth Street, London SE11 5AL, United Kingdom Copyright © 2020 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN 9781538121542 (cloth : alk. -
Trends in Online Foreign Influence Efforts
Trends in Online Foreign Influence Efforts∗ Diego A. Martiny Jacob N. Shapiroz Version 1.2 July 8, 2019 Abstract Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) create novel opportuni- ties for a wide range of political actors. In particular, foreign governments have used social media to influence politics in a range of countries by promoting propaganda, advocating controversial viewpoints, and spreading disinformation. This report de- scribes a new database of such 53 such foreign influence efforts (FIE) targeting 24 different countries from 2013 through 2018. FIEs are defined as: (i) coordinated campaigns by one state to impact one or more specific aspects of politics in an- other state, (ii) through media channels, including social media, by (iii) producing content designed to appear indigenous to the target state. The objective of such campaigns can be quite broad and to date have included influencing political deci- sions by shaping election outcomes at various levels, shifting the political agenda on topics ranging from health to security, and encouraging political polarization. Our data draw on more than 460 media reports to identify FIEs, track their progress, and classify their features. ∗We are grateful to a range of colleagues including Laura Courchesne, Nick Feamster, Andy Guess, Hans Klein, and Brendan Stewart for helpful comments and feedback on our coding scheme. Will Lowe provided invaluable advice on data structure and data entry. Arya Goel, Janette Lu, Imane Mabrouk, Matthew Merrigan, Kamila Radjabova, and Nina Sheridan provided excellent research assistance. This work was possible thanks to generous funding from the Bertelsmann Foundation and Microsoft. All errors are our own. -
Trends in Online Foreign Influence Efforts
Trends in Online Influence Efforts∗ Diego A. Martiny Jacob N. Shapiroz Julia G. Ilhardtx Version 2.0 August 5, 2020 Abstract Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) create novel opportuni- ties for a wide range of political actors. Foreign governments have used social media to influence politics in a range of countries by promoting propaganda, advocating controversial viewpoints, and spreading disinformation. This report updates previ- ous work with data on 76 such foreign influence efforts (FIE) targeting 30 different countries from 2013 through 2019, as well as 20 domestic influence efforts (DIE) in which governments targeted their own citizens. Influence efforts (IEs) are de- fined as: (i) coordinated campaigns by a state or the ruling party in an autocracy to impact one or more specific aspects of politics at home or in another state, (ii) through media channels, including social media, by (iii) producing content designed to appear indigenous to the target state. The objective of such campaigns can be quite broad and to date have included shaping election outcomes at various levels, shifting the political agenda on topics ranging from health to security, and encour- aging political polarization. Our data draw on more than 920 media reports and 380 research articles/reports to identify IEs, track their progress, and classify their features. ∗We are grateful to a range of colleagues including Laura Courchesne, Nick Feamster, Andy Guess, Hans Klein, Brendan Stewart, and Alicia Wanless for helpful comments and feedback. Will Lowe provided invaluable advice on data structure and data entry. Jordan Allen, Nicola Bariletto, Arya Goel, Danielle Hull, Janette Lu, Imane Mabrouk, Matthew Merrigan, Justinas Mickus, Brendan O'Hara, Jan Oledan, Kamila Radjabova, Nina Sheridan, Joe Shipley, Jack Tait, Kamya Yadav, and Luca Zanotti provided excellent research assistance. -
Malicious Use of Social Media: Case Studies from Bbc Monitoring
COUNTERING MALICIOUS USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MALICIOUS USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA: CASE STUDIES FROM BBC MONITORING Olga Robinson BBC Monitoring ISBN: 978-9934-564-41-3 ISBN: 978-9934-564-41-3 Author: Olga Robinson Project manager: Sebastian Bay Text editor: Anna Reynolds Design: Kārlis Ulmanis Riga, November 2018 NATO STRATCOM COE 11b Kalciema Iela Riga LV1048, Latvia www.stratcomcoe.org Facebook/stratcomcoe Twitter: @stratcomcoe BBC Monitoring is a specialist unit within BBC News that tracks thousands of international media outlets, including hard-to-reach broadcast sources, to report news from and about the world’s media and social media. This publication does not represent the opinions or policies of NATO or NATO StratCom COE. © All rights reserved by the NATO StratCom COE. Reports may not be copied, reproduced, distributed or publicly displayed without reference to the NATO StratCom COE. The views expressed here are solely those of the author in his private capacity and do not in any way represent the views of NATO StratCom COE. NATO StratCom COE does not take responsibility for the views of authors expressed in their articles. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHAT WE ARE SEEING: EXAMPLES AND TACTICS Confuse and rule . .7 Focus on networks. 8 Tailored messages. .11 Bot or not? . .12 Bot battles . .13 Inflated trends . 14 Hijacking existing campaigns. 15 Comment manipulation. .15 Fake jihadist propaganda. 16 State control. 16 CHALLENGES AHEAD Cat-and-mouse account blocking. .17 Private chat apps. 18 Deepfake technology. .18 Proliferation of sources. .19 CONCLUSION ENDNOTES BBC Monitoring uses a range of tools for social media analysis, and continues to explore ways of using evolving technology to improve its journalists’ ability to track multiple sources and spot media manipulation INTRODUCTION BBC Monitoring (BBCM) is a specialist unit within BBC News that tracks thousands of international media outlets, including hard-to-reach broadcast sources, to report news from and about the world’s media and social media. -
Twitter Is the Megaphone of Cross-Platform Messaging on the White Helmets
Twitter Is the Megaphone of Cross-platform Messaging on the White Helmets Sameera Horawalavithana(B) , Kin Wai Ng ,andAdrianaIamnitchi University of South Florida, Tampa, USA sameera1,kinwaing,aii @usf.edu { } Abstract. This work provides a quantitative analysis of the cross- platform disinformation campaign on Twitter against the Syrian Civil Defence group known as the White Helmets. Based on four months of Twitter messages, this article analyzes the promotion of urls from differ- ent websites, such as alternative media, YouTube, and other social media platforms. Our study shows that alternative media urls and YouTube videos are heavily promoted together; fact-checkers and official govern- ment sites are rarely mentioned; and there are clear signs of a coordi- nated campaign manifested through repeated messaging from the same user accounts. Keywords: Cross-platform information diffusion Disinformation campaigns · 1Introduction Online disinformation is of critical concern for both academic research and indus- try. Facebook and Twitter recently detected coordinated users who were spread- ing rumors as part of a large network referencing a “significant state-backed infor- mation operation” [1]. Previous research in disinformation campaigns focused on single social media channels, more specifically Twitter [9]. However, sev- eral studies have shown that the interdependence between digital sources (e.g., news media outlets) and other social media platforms play a significant role in the diffusion and amplification of information [6]. For example, a coordinated group built its social presence in Google+, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Soundcloud, and Instagram around Black Lives Matters topics [2]. In disinformation campaigns, Twitter has played a significant role along with YouTube [12]andalternativemediasites[10]. -
THE WEAPONIZATION of SOCIAL MEDIA How Social Media Can Spark Violence and What Can Be Done About It November 2019
Corina Robbins/Mercy Corps THE WEAPONIZATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA How social media can spark violence and what can be done about it November 2019 Executive Summary Social media has emerged as a powerful tool for communication, connection, community and, unfortunately, conflict. It’s created new, highly accessible channels for spreading disinformation, sowing divisiveness and contributing to real-world harm in the form of violence, persecution and exploitation. The impact social media has on real-world communities is complex and rapidly evolving. It stretches across international borders and challenges traditional humanitarian aid, development and peacebuilding models. This new paradigm requires a new approach. Mercy Corps has partnered with Do No Digital Harm and Adapt Peacebuilding on a landscape assessment to examine how social media has been used to drive or incite violence and to lay the foundation for effective, collaborative programming and initiatives to respond quickly and help protect already fragile communities. This assessment explores how weaponized social media can contribute to offline conflict by examining real- world case studies. These examples are not exhaustive. Rather, they surface a range of concepts and implications that can help humanitarian, development and peacebuilding organizations — as well as technology companies and policymakers — understand what’s happening and develop effective responses. Case studies Information operations (IO): Coordinated disinformation campaigns are designed to disrupt decision making, erode social cohesion and delegitimize adversaries in the midst of interstate conflict. IO tactics include intelligence collection on specific targets, development of inciteful and often intentionally false narratives and systematic dissemination across social and traditional channels. The Russian government used such tactics to portray the White Helmets humanitarian organization operating in Syria as a terrorist group, which contributed to violent attacks against the organization. -
George Monbiot of the Guardian I
24/04/2018 How We Were Misled About Syria: George Monbiot of The Guardian | Tim Hayward Tim Hayward How We Were Misled About Syria: George Monbiot of The Guardian Posted on April 11, 2018 George Monbiot is an influential journalist, and his words on Syria over the past seven years will have carried weight in shaping public opinion. Some critical readers, however, have been concerned. For while Monbiot has declared himself morally opposed to military intervention, and is demonstrably aware of how the media can manipulate news reports, he has repeatedly published statements – in his weekly Guardian column and on Twitter – that lend significant support to key interventionist arguments. His position is premised on acceptance of the mainstream narrative about the war in Syria. Not only does he defend this, in the face of serious questions about it, he even criticises – at times with some hostility – its questioners. I have sought to understand the reasoning that has brought Monbiot to the position he holds with such apparent moral certainty and factual assurance. This inquiry falls into three parts: in the first I trace his public thinking about Syria and the war until the end of 2016; in the second I discuss some of his responses to critics concerning the verifiability of knowledge claims about certain events of 2017; in the third I analyse more closely the moral stance that Monbiot has adopted. In each part I show how the public could have been misled about the basis and morality of foreign policy on Syria. I Before 2011, Monbiot had not written about Syria, but he had demonstrated awareness of United States involvement in regime change interventions elsewhere. -
Media As a Driving Force in International Politics: the CNN Effect and Related Debates Written by Piers Robinson
Media as a Driving Force in International Politics: The CNN Effect and Related Debates Written by Piers Robinson This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. Media as a Driving Force in International Politics: The CNN Effect and Related Debates https://www.e-ir.info/2013/09/17/media-as-a-driving-force-in-international-politics-the-cnn-effect-and-related-debates/ PIERS ROBINSON, SEP 17 2013 Overview It is over 20 years since debate over the relationship between TV news coverage of war, and resulting decisions to intervene for what appeared to be humanitarian purposes, occupied a good deal of scholarly and political attention. Back then, it was the newly emerging global media players such as CNN that were seen by many to be the driving force between purportedly humanitarian interventions during crises in countries such as Somalia (1992-1993) and Bosnia (1995).[1] The term the CNN effect came to be understood as shorthand for the notion that mainstream news media in general, not just CNN, were having an increased effect upon foreign policy formulation. Today, and despite the overshadowing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, the issue of the role of media in terms of driving political responses remains a source of considerable academic interest.[2] Indeed, the intervention during the Libyan civil war raised familiar questions of the media’s role and, at the time of writing, media coverage of atrocities during the Syrian conflict, combined with the possibility of an armed intervention by US and French forces, raise familiar questions as to the power of images and media to condition political responses.[3] What is known from previous research, and the major issues affecting scholarly and political debate today, are the principle concern of this short essay. -
Spinning Bomb
INDEX ON CENSORSHIP | VOL.50 | NO.2 16 INDEXONCENSORSHIP.ORG index50-2.indb 16 07/07/2021 19:03:04 FEATURES PICTURED: The White Helmets search for survivors among the ruins of a building in Amirah, Syria. The building collapsed after an alleged regime air strike in July, 2019 Spinning bomb NERMA JELACIC argues dangerous revisionists are manipulating free speech defenders CREDIT: Anas Alkharboutli/DPA/Alamy INDEXONCENSORSHIP.ORG 17 index50-2.indb 17 07/07/2021 19:03:05 INDEX ON CENSORSHIP | VOL.50 | NO.2 HIRTY YEARS for facts completes the postmodernist extremist Islamist groups sit in CIJA’s SEPARATE the assault on the truth. But more important vaults and inform criminal investigations Tbeginnings of than the philosophical effect is the fact by European and American law conflicts in Bosnia- that disinformation campaigns have enforcement and UN bodies. These Herzegovina, where I been politically weaponised by Russia. documents tell, in the organisers’ and come from, and Syria, Under the flag of freedom of expression, perpetrators’ own words, a deplorable ABOVE: Nerma Jelacic where I work now. they have become a dangerous tool in story of a pre-planned campaign of Bosnia and Syria are information warfare. murder, torture and persecution, a story the bookends that encompass the three I know this, because I am one of that started in 2011 when the Syrian decades when we lived in a world where their targets. regime began its systematic and violent our collective conscience, eventually, Earlier this year, the Commission for crackdown on protesters. recognised we had a responsibility to International Justice and Accountability CIJA’s work is pioneering and protect the innocent, to bring those (CIJA), an NGO of which I am one of the painfully necessary as it ensures responsible for war crimes to justice, directors, flung itself into the eye of the crucial evidence is secured, analysed and to fight against revisionism and Syria disinformation storm by exposing and properly stored when there is no denial. -
Advocacy Journalism, the Politics of Humanitarian Intervention and the Syrian War
Chapter 3: Advocacy journalism, the politics of humanitarian intervention and the Syrian war Philip Hammond, Sumaya Al Nahed and Tara McCormack Since 2011 the international media have done much to highlight the suffering of civilians in the on-going war in Syria, including through innovative forms of reporting such as VR journalism and news games.1 Yet in some respects coverage has harked back to an earlier era, recalling the style of ‘attached’ or advocacy journalism that developed in the 1990s. As in much Western reporting of the wars of that period, some journalists have understood the conflict in simplified, black-and-white terms and called for ‘something to be done’ to counter an evil regime and rescue innocent victims. Such coverage – like Western policy itself – has only occasionally involved direct and overt military interventionism (Briggs et al. 2017: 167). Yet a subtler but no less significant use of ‘emotive phrases…such as, “History will judge us”…“We cannot look the other way”…and “What will the world think”’ has beaten a steady drum for escalating international involvement in the conflict (Milojevich and Beattie 2018: 831–2). This narcissistic approach, characteristic of 1990s-style advocacy journalism (Hume 1997), has led many to interpret the Syrian war as a test for Western self- understanding. In the Telegraph (24 August 2013), for example, Matthew d’Ancona said that the ‘Syrian conflict holds a mirror up to Britain and asks us what sort of nation we want to be’; while the BBC’s Gavin Hewitt interpreted it as a ‘test for Europe’ (BBC, 27 August 2013).