Anchoring Our Safety, Together

04 The RSAF at NDP 2020: 18 Trust Your Radar Stronger Together

22 Motor Transport Safety: A Journey, Not an Outcome

JUL 2020 ISSUE 104 JUL 2020 1 CONTENTS

The RSAF at NDP 2020: 04 Stronger Together

Trust Your Radar 04

Motor Transport Safety: 22 A Journey, Not an Outcome

Safety Activities 18 29

30 4 Pics 1 WORD

Crossword Puzzle 22 31

FOCUS magazine is available on these sites: EDITORIAL BOARD Editor Internet: Chairman MAJ Wong Minghua, Donald www.mindef.gov.sg/focusmag COL Linus Tan Jin Kiat Assistant Editors Intranet: Members ME3 Tan Tee Hoo https://portal.mis.defence.gov.sg/rsaf/afi SLTC Peter Ho Wing Leong PTE Gai Cherng Hoe LTC Sim Poh Joo REC Brian Lie ME6 Amos Yap Keng Yong MAJ Ashley Jude Peterson Design MAJ (DR) Aaron Tiong Apache Art Enterprise MS Audrey Siah Yushu MS Karen Pek

FOCUS is published by Air Force Inspectorate (AFI), HQ RSAF, for accident prevention purposes. Use of information contained herein for purposes other than accident prevention, requires prior authorisation from AFI. The content of FOCUS is of an informative nature and should not be considered as directive or regulatory unless so stated. The opinions and views in this magazine are those expressed by the writers and do not reflect the official views of the RSAF. The contents should not be discussed with the press or anyone outside the armed services establishment.

2 FOCUS - ISSUE 104 Foreword From Former Head Air Force Inspectorate

This year has been a challenging one for In the third article, ME5 Sim from 705 SQN everyone all over the world. The global COVID-19 shared his views on the importance of Motor pandemic has impacted our lives one way or Transport (MT) Safety and how he leads his another, with many countries going into squadron through a series of collective efforts lockdowns to prevent the spread of the virus. and initiatives in achieving zero MT accidents. also implemented the circuit breaker He takes the safety of everyone under his measures last quarter from April to June, command very seriously and strongly believes before opening up in gradual phases into that zero accident is an achievable goal. With the “New Normal”. Despite the challenging the recent rise of MT accidents, he also shared circumstances, the RSAF continued to maintain his tips on how to be safe on the road. our 24/7 operational readiness through the implementation of cohorting and strict safe- I believe we can learn a lot from these three distancing measures. This is a testament to our personal stories as they give us insights on strength and determination we all have. what we must do to ensure safe operations, especially in this uncertain and ever-evolving In this issue of FOCUS, we begin with five COVID-19 pandemic. of our RSAF servicemen coming together to share with us their respective involvements and Lastly, this foreword marks my final contribution preparations for this year’s NDP 2020. With as Head Air Force Inspectorate. Throughout my the newfound challenges arising from the career in the RSAF, I had seen the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic, these servicemen also RSAF and slowly laid the foundations to build shared on how they managed these challenges the strong safety culture of what we have here to make this NDP a safe and successful one. today. I am confident that the RSAF’s safety culture will continue to strengthen in the years to Following this, the second article shares an come, and that we will remain true to our incident experienced by two of our Air Warfare safety motto “Mission Success, Safety Always”. Officers (C3) from 203 SQN. With a potential I wish everyone in the RSAF many safe flying airprox on their hands, CPT Seah and CPT Chan years ahead! remained calm and collected in this stressful situation and showed strong fundamentals and Dallas signing off. team excellence in ensuring that the potential airprox was avoided during a NDP 2019 COL Yew Heng Siong rehearsal in our tight local airspace. Former Head Air Force Inspectorate

JUL 2020 3 ARTICLE The RSAF at NDP 2020: Stronger Together

CPT Edwin Tan CPT Adam Eng MAJ Wong Hui Leong Will 127 SQN 142 SQN AFI ME2 Kenn Lai MAJ Billy Yew 127 SQN 163 SQN

9 August has always been a day of pride We hear from five of our RSAF personnel and joy for all Singaporeans young and old who are in one way or another involved in to come together and celebrate our National this year’s NDP in their respective capacities. day. This year’s National Day Parade (NDP) We learn more about their roles and duties in is one of the most unique and challenging this year’s NDP, and understand the different as our nation strives to resume our lives safety challenges they face in the lead up to in the new normal after going through a the actual day parade. We also find out how tough circuit breaker period caused by the they are managing their training and keeping ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. themselves safe in this COVID-19 pandemic.

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of the most challenging objectives in Flying our Flag High the entire NDP to achieve, and that CPT Edwin Tan, 127 SQN is to make sure that the state flag arrives at the parade on a specific and I am CPT Edwin Tan from 127 SQN precise Time On Target (TOT). For us, and I am the co-pilot of the lead arriving too early or too late would CH-47SD aircraft for the State Flag have a very visible impact to all the Flypast and also the NDP overall spectators on the ground, especially coordinator (NDP OIC) for the when they are singing the national helicopter formation. This is my anthem with gusto as the flag flies second time participating in the past them. Apart from the flying NDP State Flag Flypast since my first aspect, our squadron’s role on the NDP flying experience five years ago ground is to ensure the preparation during SG50 when we celebrated and condition of the state flags and Singapore’s Golden Jubilee. equipment are in tip-top condition before every flight. For 127 SQN, NDP is an annual commitment as our squadron’s role This year, there is an additional is to fly the state flag through the segment on top of our usual Padang parade grounds, as part of the state flag flypast. This segment is Presidential Salute. We have one called “Fly Our Flag” (FOF), and it

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involves us flying the Singapore flag through the heartlands, with the intent of bringing the flag closer to all Singaporeans at home during this COVID-19 pandemic. The FOF segment will divide our flights into the Eastern and Western routes. For the Eastern route, some of the areas that we will be flying through are Bedok, Pasir Ris and Tampines, while for the Western route, we would be flying through Jurong West, Bukit Batok and Choa Chu Kang.

With the FOF segment specially included into this year’s NDP 2020, we had to dwell deeper into our flight route planning and emergency handling contingencies, as some portions of the flight routes are not in our typical training areas. During the planning stages, we ensured that the flight routes were mostly clear of populace and fulfilled the minimum

lateral and vertical clearances from obstacles along the flight path, in accordance with the relevant military and Air Navigation orders. A more in-depth planning of emergency handling contingencies along our flight routes was also carried out, where we conducted ground and air recces to identify potential Forced Landing Areas (FLAs). Prior to the conduct of the recces, we leveraged on technologies such as using Google Earth to measure the size of potential FLAs to determine whether our aircraft could fit in them. Ground and air recces were later carried out to assess the suitability of these FLAs, and determine if there were any obstacles which would require us to make adjustments to our flight routes.

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Training Safely during Ensuring Safety as a COVID-19 Top Priority

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and safe Part of my job as the NDP OIC is to ensure that distancing measures have also presented the overall flight execution is carried out safely. us with a multitude of challenges that This is achieved through detailed planning we need to overcome to ensure our and ensuring safety limits and procedures flypast will be a safe and successful one. are not breached. At times, there may be Firstly, the number of rehearsals were requests by external agencies to board our reduced due to the ongoing COVID-19. aircraft or sudden requests for us to fly Moreover, our squadron has been cohorted certain flight profiles which I would have to into two teams, and we operate concurrently make the assessment if it is safe and in two separate locations. achievable for us to do so. For example, I regularly receive requests for passengers To ensure that we are prepared and ready to come on board our CH-47SD aircraft for the demanding challenges in-flight, during our NDP rehearsals and on the we have made use of the simulators to actual day flights. However, there are ensure that we are familiar with the profiles. safety considerations that we need to We also regularly conduct our briefings and observe to ensure the overall safety and Table Top Exercise (TTX) sessions via video conduct of the mission. Firstly, careful and tele-conferencing means to discuss power-performance calculations have to be and scrutinise our flights and potential done prior to every flight to ensure that the issues that we may encounter during number of passengers would not exceed the flight. Furthermore, to manage the the aircraft’s All-Up-Weight (AUW), and that complexity of the profiles and demands all aircraft power requirements for the required in this year’s NDP, we have mission can still be fulfilled. Secondly, when deliberately planned more senior and we allow passengers to be on board, we experienced aircrew to fly the NDP plan them such that our aircrew inside rehearsals and the NDP 2020 flights. the cabin will still be able to perform their duties effectively, with little to no Our squadron’s key safety watch areas hindrance. With these considerations in for this year’s NDP are “Missionitis” mind, I would have to sometimes regrettably and “Weather”. We regularly encounter inform the requesting agencies to prioritise challenging weather during the NDP their passenger requirements or schedule rehearsals and National Day, ranging from their passengers to be on another flight, at clear blue skies to multiple thunderstorm another time. The RSAF’s strong safety clouds along our flight route. As such, culture has taught me the importance of our squadron’s management and aircrew safety boundaries I need to set to ensure would discuss these risks in every pre-flight that all parties are able to achieve their briefing, and we would continually assess mission objectives successfully and safely. the weather and make the necessary decisions and adjustments in-flight to With all these preparations and plans in ensure that we would be able to achieve place, I am confident that the coming our mission successfully and safely. NDP 2020 state flag flypast and FOF segments will be a success and memorable one for all Singaporeans to enjoy!

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F-15SG’s Roar of Unity CPT Adam Eng, 142 SQN

I am CPT Adam Eng, a Weapons Specialist Officer (Fighter) Instructor, and the overall lead planner and coordinator for 142 SQN in this year’s NDP. As I have been deployed overseas operations. This has also impacted the for most part of my RSAF career, this is my first preparations for this year’s NDP and we were time participating in the National Day Flypast. only able to conduct our first rehearsal in late This year’s NDP is significantly different from June 2020, approximately two months later than the past due to the current COVID-19 last year’s rehearsals. This delay in timeline situation. In the spirit of safe distancing, this meant that we would have less training year’s NDP will be fully televised and only opportunities to fine tune our performance. involve a small group of participants for the Even as the isolation ended, measures such as parade. Similarly, our F-15SG flypast this year splitting the NDP team into two cohorts, briefing themed “Roar of Unity” pays tribute to the in different rooms via e-meetings and stepping frontline healthcare workers as we will be for flight at different times remain in place. overflying the various hospitals and the heartlands These minor inconveniences are necessary to to signify our unity in the continuous effort in safeguard our aircrew from the virus. battling COVID-19 as a nation. Other challenges that we have had to overcome Training Safely during this year included planning and liaising with COVID-19 the hospitals to assess the noise tolerance as we overfly at low-level. There is always a concern This year, 142 SQN has been tasked to perform of jet noise causing complications to patients a 6-Ship Delta formation flypast firstly through and staff in the hospital, and we have mitigated the Padang as a Salute to the Nation. The them by offsetting our flight route and flying formation will then commence the “Roar of at a higher altitude, and regularly garnering Unity” over various hospitals all over Singapore, feedback from the hospital staff. such as Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Sengkang General Hospital, General Hospital, With careful planning and thorough flight briefs, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Ng Teng Fong we aim to conduct our rehearsals in a safe Hospital, National University Hospital, Alexandria and controlled environment leading up to NDP. Hospital and Singapore General Hospital, and In order to deliver a good show to everyone the heartlands to show our appreciation and watching from home and for safety, we urge support for the frontline heroes. the public not to fly their kites and operate their drones during the period of our rehearsals and Due to COVID-19, our squadron personnel have on the actual day. I hope everyone will enjoy been divided into cohorts and placed into the roaring performance we have in store on isolation to ensure the continuity of our essential 9 August!

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As Deputy Chief Safety Officer, I will be assisting the Chief Safety Officer and the NDP Air Participation Committee in identifying areas which will be high threats to the safety of our flyers, and work with the various agencies in ensuring these threats are eradicated or safely managed. I will also sit in the Air Participation Committee’s regular Keeping Our Flyers Safe meetings to scrutinise the flyers’ NDP plans MAJ Wong Hui Leong Will, AFI to ensure that their plans are deconflicted and safe. During these meetings, I will also I am MAJ Wong Hui Leong Will and I am the highlight the potential issues or safety Deputy Chief Safety Officer in the NDP 2020 concerns to the flying crew and reiterate Air Participation Committee and the coordinator the key watch areas for each flight, such of the ground safety team from Air Force as Missionitis, Weather, Cold Start, and Inspectorate (AFI) to provide the safety lens COVID-19 measures. in ensuring that our NDP aircrew plan and execute their flying profiles safely in the air, Educating the Public and while at the same time ensuring that kites and Enforcing the Temporary drones do not become a threat to our flyers during the NDP rehearsals and actual day Restricted Area parade. I have been part of the NDP air safety team since 2014, and have always enjoyed The threats from airborne kites and drones my work immensely when I see that our have always been a challenge for us every flyers successfully perform their NDP flypasts NDP, and this year has been made exceptionally safely. more challenging due to the expanded flight routes. This has led to an increase in the Providing the Safety Lens to number of areas that my ground safety team would need to identify and cover to enforce Our Flyers the Temporary Restricted Area (TRA). The TRA is an area that has been established by the This year’s NDP is uniquely different from Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) previous years, as we will see our RSAF during the NDP rehearsals and actual day aircraft flying past various parts of Singapore’s parade, which prohibits the conduct of heartlands. This will require extra supervision aerial activities (such as kite-flying, hoisting of and coordination to ensure that our flyers will captive balloons, and flying of unmanned be able to fly their profiles safely. This is aircraft including drones). These restrictions especially so when the number of flying would prevent our NDP aircraft, as well as rehearsals opportunities this year have been people and property on the ground from reduced, and thus we will have to ensure being endangered by potential kites or drone that safety is built into the flying rehearsals. strikes.

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Part of my job is to ensure that the public is informed and educated on the restrictions and the dangers posed if they violate the TRA regulations. Hence, we work with Air Force Information Centre to broadcast the TRA restrictions and its details regularly on news and social media platforms prior to the rehearsals and actual day parade. Additionally, personnel from AFI and volunteers from Sports Singapore are deployed to key locations around Singapore as ground safety teams to educate and remind the public not to fly their kites or drones when the TRA is active.

Locations of Ground Safety Teams

Map of the TRA for NDP 2020 and the locations where our ground safety teams are positioned

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Challenges from COVID-19

To keep our personnel safe from COVID-19, we have been cohorted into different teams, and have worked out plans to ensure that the different ground safety teams do not meet each other when they walk the ground. We also regularly communicate with the safety teams through online meetings and chat platforms to ensure that our personnel are kept abreast Sports Singapore Volunteers assisting in our TRA on the important messages and watch enforcement efforts areas. Moreover, our personnel are reminded Normally, the ground safety teams would to adhere to strict safe distancing measures only need to cover the parade site and its such as keeping a minimum one metre surrounding areas. However, the expansion distance apart from each other when of this year’s flight routes has meant that they are on the ground or when they many parts of Singapore have now been are interacting and educating the public designated as a TRA. As such, we have on the TRA. increased the number of volunteers from Sports Singapore, almost doubling from I hope I have given you an insight on 70 to 120 personnel, to ensure that the what it takes to keep our flyers in the TRA can be adequately covered. air safe during the NDP rehearsals and actual day parade. Our personnel will be working hard on the ground to ensure that we will achieve a safe and successful NDP parade!

JUL 2020 11 ARTICLE Preparing Our Behind the Scenes in Nation’s Flag Preparing the Flag Safely ME2 Kenn Lai, 127 SQN In preparation for this year’s NDP, we have to make sure that all our flag equipment goes I am ME2 Kenn Lai, a Flight Engineer from through stringent load testing and are in good 127 SQN. I am the Team Leader for one of the condition before use. Although many spectators flag pickup sites located at on the ground only see one flag flypast during th (East) for NDP 2020. This is my 5 year taking NDP, a lot of work is done behind the scenes. part in the NDP State Flag Flypast. Due to This year’s NDP flag preparation will see over COVID-19, this year’s flypast will be different 200 personnel comprising 26 personnel from from previous years as we will not be just our squadron as core team members, and flying over the National Day Parade but will over 180 regulars, NSFs and NSmen to help also fly the flag through the heartlands all prepare up to 20 flags for every NDP rehearsal around Singapore. and actual day parade, ensuring that the state flag will never fail to fly high in the sky Introduced four years after the first NDP in at the parade. 1966, this year marks the 50th year of the State Flag Flypast. The State Flag Flypast has Prior to each flight, we have to inspect and become one of the most iconic segments during NDP and 127 SQN has been tasked to roll all the flags very carefully so that they carry on this tradition since 2001. Since its will not be tangled up when they debut with a flag measuring 8ft x 6ft, the are unfurled during flight. It is no easy flypast today features a flag that measures feat as it takes 25 men approximately one about 90ft x 60ft, approximately 1.5 times the hour to roll one flag. Furthermore, the size of a basketball court. equipment that we are handling is extremely

12 FOCUS - ISSUE 104 ARTICLE heavy and as a team leader, I will have to seven hours of uninterrupted rest) prior to the ensure that everyone adopts the correct lifting commencement of the flag operations. Multiple posture of heavy equipment to prevent the water points are also set up so that our risk of potential back injuries. Teamwork and personnel can keep themselves hydrated. Crew Resource Management (CRM) are also Supervisors would also regularly walk the very important to us in ensuring that the flag ground conducting “eye-ball checks” to ensure is correctly rigged, as we are split into different that everyone is safe. Core team members sections to rig different parts of the flag together. are also briefed on key heat injury topics, such as how to identify heat injuries, its preventive On rehearsal days, we also work against time measures, and the immediate actions to take to rig up the flags to be ready for the CH-47SD when managing and responding to heat injury pickup and it becomes more challenging when cases. Lastly, safety lessons or incidents are we are delayed by weather. Stress levels tend shared during the End of Day Debriefs so to be very high during this period as nobody that everyone is aware and understands the would want to see their flag fail to unfurl. important takeaways. Hence, a key watch area that I would always caution my teams would be to guard against Challenges during this rush factor and missionitis to prevent any COVID-19 safety incident from happening. The main bulk of our manpower normally With the requirement to wear masks at work, consists of NSmen. However, due to COVID-19, fatigue would set in much faster as most of we were unable to call up the desired number our activities are strenuous and done under of NSmen to provide the manpower support the hot blistering sun. To ensure the safety we needed. Hence, we sought help from of our personnel, we would always mandate Air Force Training Command who provided that all personnel have sufficient rest (at least their trainees to support our flag teams.

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While they have all been inculcated to have a We also had to enforce safe distancing in all strong sense of safety culture in them, none of our operations. Before COVID-19, we were them have had any actual experience with usually spaced half an arm length to one arm flag preparations. As such, we have had to length away when rolling the flags. However, provide them with adequate training to ensure we are now spaced out 1.5 metres - 2 metres that they would be competent to carry out away for the flag preparations and rolling. the flag preparation tasks. These personnel As they are now spaced further apart from were briefed on the flag operations and the each other, our personnel now have a bigger potential risks involved. They were also taught area to pay attention to in their checks, and the correct way to lift heavy things, and how our core team members are also doubling to properly don Personnel Protection Equipment up to the additional layer of checks to ensure such as gloves and back braces when they that the flags are in tip-top condition. are conducting their flag operations. While it is not an easy feat preparing the We would also conduct a “Just-In-Time (JIT)” flags for flight, I have personally seen for training day prior to every rehearsal to refresh myself that the guys on the ground are always everyone on their tasks, and a rigging test looking out for each other and making would be conducted to ensure all personnel sure that everyone is safe. For example, our are competent in their rigging tasks. Lastly, State Flag is very long and heavy and would additional supervision checks are put in place require many people to carry it. Even without to ensure that the flag preparations are carried needing to ask, there are always people out safely and successfully. ready on standby next to our flag carriers, ever ready to take over if anyone needs help. Managing our manpower is also a challenge this year. With our flags located at three Our personnel also actively practise and reiterate different pick up sites, we have had to further our “Dare to Care” culture by reminding segregate our manpower into two different everyone to keep themselves hydrated and teams working at these three sites to are also observant of any unsafe acts, ensure that our teams would still be able correcting their colleagues on the proper to conduct their preparations safely amidst techniques when they see people lifting the COVID-19 pandemic. This led to longer things without adopting the correct postures. training durations and preparations as we This is a very heartening sight to see and I would have to train and carry our tasks in look forward to more safe and successful much smaller groups, instead of working flag preparations in the lead up to our flag together as one big team. flying proudly on National Day.

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other different types of large and powerful Keeping the Vehicles military vehicles, Safety was one of the core Moving Safely in the area that we focused on to ensure mission success. Prior to the training phase, my team Mobile Column walked the grounds with trainers from each MAJ Billy Yew, 163 SQN RSAF squadron to identify hazard early, and ensure that all hazards and mitigating safety I am MAJ Billy 163 SQN and I am the RSAF measures are made known to all crews even Formation Liaison Officer for NDP 2020 before the first rehearsal. One significant Mobile Column. My team works closely example was when we managed to identify with the NDP Mobile Column committee a danger hotspot along the route originally to execute the Mobile Column plans safely planned for Aster-30 which was mitigated for the RSAF and the SAF. expeditiously through deliberate discussion and planning with the NDP Mobile Column The main difference between this year’s and Committee by relocating Aster-30 to another previous years is the modality of the mobile route instead. During the training phase, column, whereby there is no Padang drive safety emphasis was constantly reiterated through or a heartland deployment. Instead, to ensure our crew remain disciplined and a heartland drive across Singapore via 5 routes attentive in doing the necessary checks, would be done, from the start and end and be vigilant in spotting potential safety points at SAF camps, featuring a salute to the hazards. As part of innovation, on top of Nation and Frontline COVID-19 fighters along detailed route cards, we also leveraged on designated hospitals and routes. video technology to record the to-and-fro routes, which was then reviewed by the RSAF With the concept being new and taking crew as part of JIT training prior to any into consideration the participation of many movement.

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At times, the weather may take a turn for the worse, where we could be experiencing the scorching sun which are perfect opportunities for heat injuries to occur, and then the next moment come face to face with torrential downpours with lightning flashes. On-site commanders are reminded to have their crew stick to the proper hydration regimes and rest cycles in the heat, and to seek shelter immediately in CAT 1 weather conditions. Training Safely during COVID-19

The challenges of manpower planning were exacerbated with the pandemic and the strict restrictions that followed. The cohorting measures implemented meant a drastic drop in manpower. Coupled with our concurrent daily operations and duties, it can be tough to plan for the crew to commit to training dates and serve their respective duties in the squadron at the same time. The NDP committee have been understanding to our situation, and would assist us when we are faced with last minute injects such as a change of participating crew.

Also, the pandemic dramatically changed the plans that the committee initially had for NDP 2020. As a result, the duration for planning the NDP Mobile Column portion has decreased sharply, which gave planners less flexibility in the training plans. In addition, the fast-paced planning and execution may result in potential safety lapses, which is something we have taken note of as watch areas in our briefings.

Lastly, the COVID-19 safe distancing measures, albeit important, add requirements that require coordination and planning between the planners and participants, especially with the compulsory wearing of masks and social distancing. Commanders have the added responsibility of reminding their crew of the importance of these safety measures and ensure that they are disciplined in adhering to them.

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Mitigating the Risks ABOUT THE AUTHORS and Challenges CPT Edwin Tan is a helicopter pilot from 127 SQN flying the It has been mandated that CH-47SD. He is a CAT A Qualified participants don their masks Helicopter Instructor (QHI) with whenever possible, in a bid to over 1,700 flying hours and is also the squadron’s Standards reduce the potential spread of Officer. He holds a diploma in the COVID-19 virus. Howev- Information Communications er, humans are social creatures, from Temasek Polytechnic and the impetus to gather and communicate with one another is strong. Therefore, we regularly CPT Adam Eng is a F-15SG WSO (FTR) remind our personnel to adhere Instructor in 142 SQN. He completed the F-15SG Instructor Course in Peace to the safe distancing measures Carvin V, Mountain Home Idaho in with their peers, even during May 2019 and has been instructing meal times. To facilitate this, the on the F-15SG since. He is the lead NDP committee have assisted planner/coordinator for 142 SQN in this year’s NDP and holds a Diploma and spaced the dining chairs in Media and Communications from appropriately and added markings Singapore Polytechnic. for added awareness and clarity on the measures. As an added MAJ Wong Hui Leong Will is a Staff precaution, different formations Officer in AFI dealing with Accident are discouraged to interact with Prevention matters. His flying experience includes the CH-47SD, one another during rest periods, UH-1H and he was a Qualified Flying with boundaries and specified Instructor (QFI) on the S-211. He has areas allocated for each formation been involved in the NDP Ground Safety Team since 2014, and is to remain in. currently pursuing a part-time degree on Human Factors in Safety with In conclusion, the COVID-19 Military Studies at the Singapore situation has definitely contributed University of Social Sciences. to our workload by a significant ME2 Kenn Lai is a Flight Engineer margin, with a slew of extra (FE) from 127 SQN. As a FE, constraints and mandatory rules, he is an integral part of the 127 SQN aircrew in performing procedures and considerations to flight inspections, maintenance overcome. However, with proper servicing and rectification of the procedures in place, and good aircraft systems on board the CH-47. communication and CRM, we He has been in 127 SQN since 2014 and is proud and honoured to be are optimistic that a successful part of the flag party team in the conduct of the NDP Mobile last 5 years. Column at this year’s NDP 2020 MAJ Billy Yew is AWO (ADW) is well within reach! by vocation and is currently the Officer in Commanding for Alpha Flight in 163 SQN that operates the Aster-30 system. He was also previously the Group Safety Officer for ADG and was part of the Parade & Ceremony Committee Organising Secretariat Team in NDP 2017.

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Trust Your Radar

CPT Seah Guo Jin CPT Cheryl Chan AWO (C3) AWO (C3) C4SB, APD 203 SQN

Every National Day Parade and rehearsals that to Airmen (NOTAMs), the assets involved and precede them, the Paya Lebar Approach (PL APP) their profiles. controller is at the heart of the action. Every aircraft that enters or leaves the parade Area The Plan of Operations comes under PL APP, and with multiple contingency plans to prepare for and After the SODB, we were all clear on the precision calls down to the second, this is various control considerations and the game not an easy task. This was why I felt a strong plans that were required for this CR1. The sense of pride when I received news that I was most important watch area for me, was the selected as one of the PL APP controllers for transit of five F-15SGs (Callsign GRYPHON) the National Day Parade (NDP) 2019. It was a to the airspace overhead . vindication of my ability to do what was required, The plan was for GRYPHON to first hold and I relished the opportunity to do it well. between the airspace overhead and Paya Lebar Air Base, in the 15 Jun 2019 was the day of NDP Combined height block between 5,000ft to 7,000ft. Rehearsal 1 (CR1) and I was on the roster as Once the airspace overhead Changi Airport the PL APP controller. To make sure that I was was cleared of civilian traffic, controllers from the fully prepared for CR1, I reported to squadron Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) one hour before the Start of Day Brief (SODB) would issue an airspace clearance to the to familiarise myself with the relevant Notice Flight Information Service (FIS) controller. File photo taken before COVID-19

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I would then instruct GRYPHON to transit from Changi overhead. After the transmission to their hold to overhead Changi. GRYPHON was complete, I heaved a sigh of relief and told myself the most critical part The FIS controller is a senior controller in the was over. The rest of the profiles should flow Squadron who functions as the link between accordingly, and I could look forward to enjoying 203 SQN and CAAS. CPT Cheryl Chan was the the rest of my Saturday evening after CR1. duty FIS controller that day for CR1. The Moment CR1 started without a hitch and proceeded as planned. When GRYPHON’s Time Over Target Just as I thought the critical part was over, my was due for the display, CPT Cheryl requested radar picture displayed a plot tracking away airspace clearance from CAAS for GRYPHON’s from the extended centreline of Changi Runway transit to overhead Changi. The affirmative 20C. Then, a Track Label was tagged to the reply from CAAS was swift, and she relayed plot with the callsign “CPA713” and an Aircraft the clearance to me thereafter. After reading Height readout indicating 3,000ft. Every Track back the clearance given, I scanned the radar Label displays four important pieces of picture over Changi and ensured that there information besides the aircraft callsign. They were no civilian aircraft in the vicinity. I then are (1) Aircraft Height, which displays the instructed GRYPHON to maintain their height current altitude of the aircraft (as reported by block of 5,000ft to 7,000ft and to track for the aircraft’s instruments or by radar pickup);

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(2) EFL (Eventual Flight Level), which displays the final altitude that the aircraft is instructed to establish; (3) Command Heading, which displays the heading the aircraft is instructed to fly; and (4) the Speed of the aircraft.

At that point of time, the EFL on CPA713’s Track Label was not updated as CPA713 continued to turn left towards the north at 3,000ft. My initial thought was that CAAS would maintain CPA713 at 3,000ft to ensure vertical separation from GRYPHON. For a moment, I thought my eyes were playing tricks on me when I saw CPA713’s EFL was updated to 24,000ft and its indicated altitude on radar was 4,000ft. CPA713 had continued to climb past 3,000ft within the airspace overhead Changi while GRYPHON was charging towards the same airspace at 5,000 to 7,000ft!

I was left baffled for a split second as CAAS had just issued us the airspace clearance mere moments ago. But the alarm bells in my head started to drown out my doubts and I snapped right into action. After assessing my radar picture to project the paths of GRYPHON and CPA713, I determined that both traffic would come into proximity, even possibly converge. With every second, GRYPHON was closing in on Changi and CPA713. I could only trust what I was looking at, or as what my seniors always said, ‘trust your radar’.

Setting aside the fear of being labelled as ‘sabotaging the flypast’, I decided to instruct GRYPHON to head 180⁰ to create lateral separation from CPA713. At the same time, I could sense a commotion building up in the background as though the rest of my squadron mates had detected the conflict in unison. At the same time, CPT Cheryl was instructing CAAS to turn CPA713 on a heading of 090⁰ away from GRYPHON. Meanwhile, I continued to pass traffic information about CPA713 to GRYPHON for their situation awareness, and assured GRYPHON that the instruction was for the purpose of safety, even though it had disrupted the flow of the flypast sequence.

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CPT Cheryl observed that CPA713 had turned ABOUT THE AUTHORS towards an easterly heading and coordinated with CAAS to ensure that there would be no more civil traffic infringing the coordinated airspace. She then passed the airspace clearance to me once again and CR1 proceeded uneventfully thereafter. Lessons Learnt

In 203 SQN, we always advocate clear and concise ATC coordination. In this incident, we saw that even with clear and concise coordination, there would always be a risk of human error. It is thus impossible to completely eradicate the CPT Cheryl Chan is an possibility of a human lapse or wrong judgment. Therefore, it is crucial that controllers are always Air Warfare Officer (C3). on their guard and be wary of complacency. She is currently a senior Constant vigilance on the radar picture will allow instructor and holds the for the early detection and intervention of any appointment of DyOC Civil – anomaly or potential safety conflict. Military/ SAR Flight in 203 SQN. For CPT Cheryl and myself, many thoughts ran through our minds as CPA713’s radar movement and Track Label showed information that ran contrary to our coordination with CAAS. Aircrew are familiar with the term “trust your instruments” as a mantra for Instrument Flying. Controllers are not so much different. We are taught to “trust your radar” from day one, and to conduct regular traffic scanning to pre-empt possible conflicts. This incident demonstrated the importance of quick and accurate decision making based on radar information and following through with the correct boldface actions. CPT Seah Guo Jin is an Just as CPT Cheryl and I made separate but Air Warfare Officer (C3). complementary actions to turn both traffic away from one another, Team Excellence and He is currently a staff officer Crew Resource Management are qualities in C4SB, APD. essential in control operations. From the aerodrome controllers on the ground to the intercept controllers in the skies, we work collectively as a team to ensure Mission Success, Safety Always. I am confident that our strong safety culture will continue to serve us well as we take on many more NDPs in the future.

JUL 2020 21 ARTICLE Motor Transport Safety: A Journey, Not An Outcome

ME5 Sim Ah Tong Commanding Officer 705 Squadron

Hi all, I am Commanding Officer of 705 SQN. resonated with me was when a TO said that In view that the target audience of this article MT Safety to him meant “being able to be is not restricted to any particular vocation, back home safely to our love ones”. Being a trade or age group, I hope what I wrote is parent myself and with my son going NS in not only easy to read, but also provides all our few years’ time, I would certainly want him active personnel (Regulars, DXOs and NSFs) to be in good hands during his NS, just like with a better understanding on the importance the young NSF TOs entrusted to me by their of Motor Transport (MT) safety in our daily parents. This prompted me to think deeper lives. In addition, I will touch on why and on how I can create and/or enhance the how I embarked on the journey of Zero MT MT safe environment for them in 705 SQN, Accident, as well as provide a glimpse on the in addition to the efforts implemented at collective efforts and initiatives put together the SAF level such as In-Vehicle Device, to achieve Zero MT Accident. In-Vehicle Camera and regular servicing of the vehicles. The Air Force is not just about flying operations. Like interlocking gears in machinery, MT With the encouraging answers given by the operations form an integral and important young NSF TOs, the next question some may part of our daily operations in generating ask is why do MT accidents still happen when Air Power. If we cannot even do well in daily our people are well aware and educated on MT operations, what will be the confidence MT safety and the need to be cautious when level that others have on us in doing well in they are on the roads? Some may attribute other areas? It is therefore crucial for us to it to inexperience, to which I do not fully place continual emphasis on MT Safety. agree with. Statistics show that experienced drivers do have their fair share of accidents What does Motor Transport too. This is in line with my view that Safety mean to you? accidents occur regardless of age or years of experience. It simply takes one moment This is the question that I always ask the newly of distraction for an accident to happen. posted in Transport Operators (TO) in my MT safety is an evergreen journey that Squadron and it came as no surprise that the continues throughout one’s life and answers given are more or less similar, from unfortunately there isn’t any “accident-free” “not getting ourselves into an accident” to elixir that once taken, an individual will be “staying alert and be focus during driving” or immune to MT accidents. Hence, ensuring even “ensuring that the vehicle is serviceable”. MT safety is a continuous endeavour However, one answer that stood out and requiring conscious effort.

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In my 24 years of driving, I did get myself into on double digits with a total of 16 cases a few road accidents and thankfully, none in WY 17/18, 16 cases in WY 18/19 and of them resulted in any serious injuries. 19 cases in WY 19/20. In the first quarter Sad to say, there are others who were not so of WY 20/21, four cases were recorded. fortunate and lives were lost to MT accidents. In these cases, more than 65% of them According to World Health Organization, (36 cases) were attributable to drivers of approximately 1.35 million peoples’ lives are various ages, experience levels and the cut short as a result of a road traffic accident. accidents spread across all various military In Singapore, the Annual Road Traffic Situation vehicle types. We are very fortunate that 2019 report released by the Singapore Police none of these cases resulted in any serious Force revealed a total of 116 fatal accident injuries or fatalities. cases in 2019. Unlike in video games where you can simply If these statistics do not strike any warning press the restart button, an MT accident can bells in your head about MT Safety, let’s take be unforgiving in reality with precious lives a closer look at the MT statistics that are lost. If you have control, what would you do closer to home, i.e. in the RSAF. The number of to prevent the next accident from happening, incident/accidents involving military vehicles and do you believe that zero MT accident in the RSAF alone have constantly been is an achievable goal?

JUL 2020 23 ARTICLE

Is zero MT accident really an pave the way forward for the Squadron towards achievable goal? the goal of Zero MT Accident for many generations to come. In order to do so, I have introduced 3Ds If your answer is a ‘No’, do read on and hope (3 Dares) into our Squadron’s MT Safety Culture. that what I have written in this article would These are Dare-to-Care, Dare-to-Share and be able to provide you with better insights on Dare-to-Learn. why it is an achievable goal. If your answer is a ‘Yes’, I hope that you find something useful in this article on how we can work towards achieving our common goal of ZERO MT ACCIDENT for our organisation. For the longest time, I pondered why we still see accidents happening despite our numerous enforcements and publicities. At times, I wish that I had a magic crystal that would allow me to see the future and prevent the next MT accident from happening. However, we all know that this is not be possible in reality. As a Commanding Officer leading 705 SQN (Home of the Blue Rhinos), I am a strong believer that zero MT accident is an achievable goal since the day I took over command. This belief is further strengthened Dare-to-Care. This is not new in our safety when 705 SQN achieved an MT accident-free culture. I believe that we must take care of year in 2018, even though we regularly see a each other, and watch out for one another frequent turnover of TOs every few months. in our daily tasks at work, regardless of rank Zero MT accident is indeed an achievable goal, and seniority. The Dare-to-Care goes beyond isn’t it? normal working hours, where my people are encouraged to communicate within our What Does MT Safety Culture chat groups on any relevant MT safety Mean to Us? information received with the aim of heightening situation awareness and levelling In 705 SQN, my management team believes up the knowledge of our people in real time. that culture shapes behaviour. Thus, cultivating Caring is about sharing and this links to the and sustaining a strong MT Safety Culture would next “D” (Dare-to-Share).

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Dare-to-Share. I believe that individuals While the 3 Dares form the essential pillars for who commit MT-related mistakes must take the Squadron’s MT Safety Culture that supports ownership of the mistakes and be brave enough the goal of achieving Zero MT Accident in the to share the lessons learnt with the rest of our long term, how do we guard against errors Squadron’s personnel. Besides ownership, made in relation to MT Safety on a daily basis? I the sharing also aims to inculcate a sense of always believe that we all learn new things every responsibility in the individual. Personal sharing day, be it through other people’s experiences from the individuals who made the mistake or mistakes of our own. There is a saying that would also allow the audience to better it is better to learn from the mistakes made appreciate the situation, the thought process by others than learning the hard way through and considerations at the point of time making the mistakes ourselves. However, I when the mistake was made. The sharing do not think that some mistakes (especially would not be as detailed and rich if the sharing the fundamental ones) should be made just was done through a 3rd party perspective. so that we can learn from it. This is Once a person is willing to share his mistakes, similar to how i educate my children not to the next step of the process is whether the physically touch a boiling kettle to check if individual is keen to learn the lessons from it is hot, as there are many better ways to the mistakes, and this linked to the last do so. This leads to my next sharing on “D” (Dare-to-Learn). MT Safety that my Squadron has adopted, the three building blocks that anchor our Dare-to-Learn. I believe that no individual in daily MT operations; the acronym T.A.B. - the Squadron is either too senior or too junior Think Safe, Act Safe and Be Safe. to learn from a mistake or pick up new knowledge from one another. Experienced senior team members must be receptive of new ideas and learn to accept that there may be new and better ways of doing things from the juniors. On the other hand, inexperienced junior team members must not be afraid of taking on new roles and responsibilities, and learning the good habits and experiences from their seniors. Regardless of ranks or seniority, all personnel must possess the Dare-to-Learn attitude for continual improvement in MT Safety.

JUL 2020 25 ARTICLE

Think Safe. Before embarking on any driving, our people are always reminded to think about safety during their planning phase. “Think Safe” requires our people to constantly review on the elements of the 5M Model as part of their daily planning, such as:

a. Man - Besides having the right vehicle’s qualification and proper trip authorisation, Transport Operators & Vehicle Commanders are paired according to their driving experience levels during the planning phase for all out-base driving details. This is similar to aircrew categorisation pairing for training, tasking or mission.

b. Medium – In addition to traffic condition checks on the route to be taken, all Transport Operators are required to subscribe to Tengah Air Base’s Metrology Warning Channel via the Telegram Chat App that provides real-time weather warning forecast in Tengah Air Base.

c. Mission - Our people are reminded to adopt a more conservative approach on pausing driving details during CAT 1 weather condition, especially non-ops critical ones, until the weather condition improves. Ops critical tasking would be reviewed with additional watch areas and safety measures in place before approval to proceed is given.

d. Machine - Instead of simply using visuals during the Before Ops Check (BOC) and After Ops Check (AOC), we enhanced the inspection by having our TOs use their hands to run through vehicle parts to pick up any potential loose items that could become a Thing Falling Off Vehicle (TFOV).

e. Management – Instead of a one-way top-down briefing, a two-way interactive MT safety quiz & answer between the Squadron’s management and our personnel during every Start Of Day Brief (SODB) and prior to approving any MT RAM forms have now become the new modus operandi.

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Act Safe. Personnel operating MT vehicles picking up passengers, and (2) feasibility are always reminded to act safely during of having a Head Up Display that all phases of a MT journey. “Act Safe” allows the Vehicle Commander or Front requires the person whose hands are on Passenger to have a visual on the vehicle’s the steering wheel to personally carry out travelling speed and the road’s speed the required checks and drive sensibly, such limit to ensure a safer journey. as diligently carrying out the BOC on the assigned vehicle, adopting the correct driving 2. Educate & Promote. In today’s context techniques at all times, and performing the with our younger generation, continual correct MT safety drills even when no one education is not just about downloading is watching. of information anymore. In order to make education more engaging and interesting, Be Safe. This is an important piece of the we inaugurated the Squadron’s MT T.A.B building blocks. “Be Safe” requires our safety posters’ competition in 2019 that people to always watch out for one another involved our young NSFs in designing through active scanning of the surrounding their own safety slogans and images environment during all phases of a MT detail, to reinforce their safety knowledge. keeping an active look out and highlighting The top few posters were then submitted any potential hazards or risks, that if left to AFI for the RSAF Safety Poster Design unnoticed could lead to a MT accident or Competition, where one of the posters incident. designed by our NSF Transport Operators came in second place amongst over Never Rest on our Laurels 100 participating entries. Additionally, we have also embarked on developing Besides cultivating a strong MT Safety culture, in-house MT safety educational videos there is still much to be done in the area of to make our MT safety education more MT Safety. Thus, we must not rest on our personalised, relatable and relevant to laurels but continually seek improvements our Squadron’s context. in MT Safety through both top-down and ground-up ideas. Here’s a sharing on the 3. Competent & Proficient. While TOs are three key MT Safety focus areas that we equipped with the baseline competency embarked on to further enhance MT Safety from training school to carry out in our daily operations. I hope that some their duties, competency and proficiency of these initiatives are useful for you to are areas that we continue to focus adopt in your unit or aid you in developing on. Some in-house initiatives include better ones. (1) spatial training to enhance the skills of our TOs in accessing and 1. Innovate & Enhance. With evolving manoeuvring through confined space technology, we should capitalise should they encounter one, on Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) (2) conducting night orientation driving technologies to enhance MT Safety. to give our TOs a better appreciation Some initiatives in this area include of the night environment in the (1) developing a base ferry booking air base, and (3) developing MT Safety mobile application that caters for a Spot-the-Difference Package that aims “demand” approach in carrying out base to exercise our personnel’s mind and ferry, instead of having our TOs doing sharpen their abilities to pick up aimless continuous loops with hopes of abnormalities in their daily MT tasks.

JUL 2020 27 ARTICLE Road Safety Tips for Drivers first half of 2020 is a reminder that there are still some blind spots in our quest for zero While road safety is a shared responsibility MT accident and we must not rest on our among all the road users, we must not take it for laurels in this journey. For my Squadron, we granted that a road journey is always a safe may have missed out on the zero accident one to begin with. Although we are not able to mark in 2019, but does that mean that zero ensure the level of road safety responsibility that MT accident is not an achievable goal and the other road users have, what we can control we should stop trying? You should know is only ourselves, and our responsibilities as a that my answer is clearly a “NO” by now, as road user. In the RSAF, we always talk about 705 SQN clearly achieved our Zero MT Accident defensive driving, but what do we understand by goal in 2018. that? By simple dictionary definition; defensive driving is the practice of using driving strategies Remember this; If you can have a zero MT that teaches us to be responsible road users, accident day yesterday, why not today and help us actively identify hazards on the road, and tomorrow as well? in turn minimise risk and avoid accidents on the road.

With this definition, how do we translate “Defensive Driving” into action and practice it in our daily MT operations? Here are some MT Safety Tips for our drivers, including but not limited to:

a. Never get behind the wheel when you are tired b. Put on seatbelt and ensure passenger do the same before commencing your journey ABOUT THE AUTHOR c. Always do active scanning of the surrounding for possible road hazards d. Always check blind spots before making ME5 Sim Ah Tong is the Commanding lane change Officer of 705 SQN, Tengah Air Base. e. Always keep a safe distance between vehicles He is responsible for sustainment of and avoid changing lanes or overtaking at bends air base operations through the f. Always be patient while on the road conducting of effective Ground Logistics & Medical (GL&M) operations. Reflection His previous appointments held included Senior Maintenance Officer in Peace MT accidents can strike at any time if Vanguard Detachment, Arizona and we choose not to do anything and leave Officer Commanding of Aircraft everything to chance. Achieving the goal Weapon Operations Flight in of Zero MT Accident is a journey that we . must continue to embark on, even if it is not an easy one because one life lost is just too many. Recent MT related incidents in the References https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/overall-road- https://data.gov.sg/dataset/causes-of-road-accidents-causes-of- traffic-situation-spike-accidents-spf-police-12416308 accidents-by-severity-of-injury-sustained https://www.police.gov.sg/media-room/statistics https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries https://www.police.gov.sg/Advisories/Traffic/Road-Safety-Tips https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/topic/traffic-accident https://www.dictionary.com/browse/defensive-driving https://www.todayonline.com/topics/accident

28 FOCUS - ISSUE 104 01/20 CAF Quarterly Safety Forum

To adhere to the COVID-19 safe distancing measures, the 01/20 CAF Quarterly Safety Forum was held on 9 Jul 2020 via Video Tele-Conferencing, which saw over 300 personnel participating from more than 30 locations in our RSAF air bases and camps. The forum allowed our personnel to understand the RSAF’s safety performance in the last quarter, discuss and share the safety incidents/ issues that occurred, and be aware of the watch areas to look out for in 2Q WY20/21.

Ground Safety Team at NDP 2020

To ensure the safety of our aircrew and aircraft who are training and rehearsing in the lead up to our National Day Parade 2020, the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) have established a Temporary Restricted Area (TRA) on selected days and timings in many areas all over Singapore. The TRA is an area that has been established by the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) during the NDP rehearsals and actual day parade, which prohibits the conduct of aerial activities (such as kite-flying, hoisting of captive balloons, and flying of unmanned aircraft including drones). These restrictions would prevent our NDP aircraft, as well as people and property on the ground from being endangered by potential kites or drone strikes. Personnel from AFI and volunteers from the Sports Singapore (NILA) also assisted in the enforcement efforts to ensure the smooth and safe conduct of the flying rehearsals.

JUL 2020 29 4 Pics 1 WORD What word can you derive from the 4 pics?

We welcome your feedback,contributions of safety related stories, cartoons, suggestions, experiences or concepts you could share. Email us at apb_pub@ 1 2 defence.gov.sg with your full name, and contact number.

The images used on this page are licensed under CC by 2.0, and links can be accessed via the digital version of this issue.

1. “Lock” by 3 4 Michael Jasonsmith 2. “password” by X R E T D N U Matthew Jones 3. “Fastener” by O M S V C I E Susan Russo Anderson 4. “Alarm” by jumpordie 5. “07” by Jack Huster 6. “Firefighters” by Kid Gibson 7. “flood” by carmy thompson 8. “Forest” by render422

Permission granted by LOTUM GmbH to publish 4 Pics 1 WORD in FOCUS 5 6

7 8 P C A R T L B A O K F D Z H

30 FOCUS - ISSUE 104 WIN! Crossword S$30 WORTH OF VOUCHERS!

Email your answers with your Rank/Name, Unit, Contact number and last 4 digits of your NRIC to AFI (ME3 Tan Tee Hoo) by 9 Oct 2020. All correct entries will be balloted and 3 winners will receive S$30 worth of NTUC FairPrice vouchers each.

The crossword puzzle is open to all SAF personnel except personnel from AFI and members of the FOCUS Editorial Board.

FOCUS 103 WINNERS

LTA Chuah Chong Koon 203 SQN

CPT Lam Wei Liang, Alvin ISDG Across Down 4. ...add requirements that require _____ and 1. ...we had to dwell deeper into our flight route ME3 Goh Yong planning between the planners and participants planning and emergency handling _____,... 817 SQN 5. ...and work with the various agencies in 2. we aim to conduct our rehearsals in a safe and ensuring these threats are _____ or safely managed _____ environment leading up to NDP. 8. Besides _____ a strong MT Safety culture, there 3. In 203 SQN, we always _____ clear and concise is still much to be done in the area of MT Safety. ATC coordination 9. The State Flag Flypast has become one of the 6. With evolving technology, we should _____ on most _____ segments during NDP... COTS technologies to enhance MT Safety. 10. I pondered why we still see accidents happening 7. ...what I have written in this article would be despite our numerous _____ and publicities. able to provide you with better insights on why it 14. ...inexperienced junior team members must is an _____ goal not be afraid of taking on new roles and _____ 11. ...reminding everyone to keep themselves and learning the good habits... hydrated and are also_____ of any unsafe acts. 15. Experienced senior team members must be 12. While TOs are equipped with the baseline ____ of new ideas and learn to accept that there _____ from training school to carry out their may be new and better ways... duties... 16. ...safety emphasis was constantly _____ to 13. Constant _____ on the radar picture will allow ensure our crew remained disciplined and for the early detection and intervention of any attentive... anomaly... 18. While they have all been _____ to have a 17. ...a commotion building up in the background strong sense of safety culture in them... as though the rest of my squadron mates had 19. ...to personally carry out the required checks detected the conflict in _____ and drive _____, such as diligently carrying out the BOC... 20. ...help us actively identify hazards on the road, and in turn _____ risk and avoid accidents on the

road Answers to page 30: “SECURE” and “HAZARD” and “SECURE” 30: page to Answers

JUL 2020 31 32