Architectural Glass Guide

ENGINEERING THE FUTURE OF GLASS Glass Industries ENGINEERING THE FUTURE OF GLASS Architectural Glass Guide

Cardinal Loå Architectural Glass Products Set the Standard Cardinal Glass Industries is considered one of the world’s lead - ing providers of superior quality glass products. From the melting of sand to producing clear float glass to the vacuum sputtering of silver to produce low-emissivity coatings, Cardinal manufactures the quality components and finished insulating glass products used in top-of-the- line buildings around the world.

1 1 Overview 3 Energy Terminology/Conversion Factors 5 Coated Glass [CG] 7 Thermal Performance/Performance Characteristics 13 Loå Aesthetics 15 Insulating Glass [IG] 17 Wind Loads 19 Glazing Guidelines 21 Glazing Guidelines 23 Laminated Glass 25 IQ TM Intelligent Quality 27 Neat ® Naturally Clean Glass 28 Preserve ® Protective Film 29 Cardinal Locations

Cardinal is a manage - Cardinal turns fresh ment-owned company ideas into functional leading the industry in products that our the development of long customers can use. lasting, energy-efficient We provide a turnkey glass products. We have solution to our more than 5,500 employ - customers whether it ees located at 29 manu - includes insulating facturing locations glass, coated, laminat - around the United States. ed, tempered or just plain float glass. In At Cardinal, we try to every case, our solutions maintain a clear vision: always incorporate the design and fabricate the latest applied glass most advanced glass science. products in the industry. To sustain that vision, we invest heavily in research and development. Our twin R&D centers in Minnesota and Wisconsin provide the basis for new advances in glazing fen - estration.

Cover Photos and pages 1 & 2: Marina Bay Project: Singapore Glass Product: Loå 3-366 Project size: 35,000 Sq meters Architect: Moshe Safdie and Associates. Energy Terminology

U-Value between 0 and 1, the smaller The heat flow rate through a the number, the better the given construction is expressed glazing is at preventing solar in Btu/hr/ft 2/°F (W/m 2/°C) The gain. It is preferred over the lower the U-Value, the less heat shading coefficient since it can be is transmitted through the glaz - used for solar incidence angles ing material. Values given for other than normal to the glass surface. summer daytime are calculated for outside air temperature at Relative-Heat Gain (RHG) 89°F (32°C), outside air velocity The total amount of heat gain at 7.5 mph (12 km/h), inside air through a glazing system at temperature of 75°F (24°C) and NFRC/ASHRAE specified sum - a solar intensity of 248 mer conditions, incorporating Btu/(hr)/(ft 2) (790 W/m 2). Winter the U-Value and the Solar Heat nighttime U-Values are calcu - Gain Coefficient. The conditions lated for outside air tempera - are 230 Btu/hr/ft 2 (726 W/m2), ture at 0°F (-18°C), outside air outdoor temperature of 89°F velocity at 15 mph (24km/h), (32°C), indoor temperature of and a solar intensity of 0 75°F (24°C) and 7.5 mph (12 Btu/hr/ft 2 (0 W/m 2). km/hr) wind. [RHG = U sum - mer x (89-75) + SHGC x (230)]. R-Value Expressed in terms of Btu/hr/ft 2. Thermal resistance of a glazing system expressed in Ultraviolet Light Hr•ft 2•F/Btu. It is the reciprocal In the solar spectrum (300 to of U-Value, R=1/U. The higher 380 nm), ultraviolet light is con - the R-Value, the less heat is sidered the energy that accounts transmitted through the glazing for the majority of fading of material. R-Values are not listed. materials and furnishings.

Shading Coefficient (SC) ISO – CIE Damage Function The ratio of solar heat gain In the solar spectrum (300 to through a window to the solar 700 nm), the International heat gain through a single light Standards Organization (ISO) of 1/8” (3mm) clear glass under developed a weighting function, the same set of conditions. recommended by the Dimensionless and varying International Commission on between 0 and 1, the smaller Illumination (CIE) that takes the number, the better the win - into account not only the UV dow is at stopping the entry of transmission but also a solar heat. portion of the visible light spec - trum that can cause fading of Solar Heat Gain Coefficient materials and furnishings. (SHGC) The fraction of incident solar Krochmann Damage Function radiation which enters a build - This function attempts to ing as heat. It is based on the account for the fading potential sum of the solar energy trans - of all damaging radiation which mittance plus the inwardly flow - can be transmitted through ing fraction of absorbed solar glass. It covers a spectral range energy on all lites of the glazing. from about 300 to 600 nm and Dimensionless and varying

3 weighs each wavelength in relation to the potential damage it can cause to typical materials.

Visible Light Transmission In the visible spectrum (380 to 760 nm), the percentage of light that is transmitted through the glass relative to the C.I.E. Standard Observer.

Outdoor Visible Light Reflectance In the visible spectrum, the percentage of light that is reflected from the glass surface(s) relative to the C.I.E. Standard Observer.

Visible Indoor Reflectance The percentage of visible light that is reflected from the glass surface(s) to the inside of the building. It is better to have a low visible indoor reflectance to enhance visibility when viewing objects outdoors in overcast or nighttime sky conditions.

Solar Energy Transmittance In the solar spectrum (300 to 2500 Inch-Pound-to-Metric Conversion Factors nm), the percentage of ultravio - let, visible and near infrared TO CONVERT INCH-POUND TO METRIC MULTIPLY BY energy that is transmitted through the glass. Inches (in) Millimeters (mm) 25.4 Solar Energy Reflectance Feet (ft) Meters (m) 0.305 In the solar spectrum, the per - 2 2 centage of solar energy that is Square inches (in ) Square millimeters (mm ) 645 reflected from the glass surface(s). Square feet (ft 2) Square meters (m 2) 0.093 Pounds (lb) Kilograms (kg) 0.453 LSG Light to solar gain ratio. The Pounds force (lbf) Newtons (N) 4.45 ratio of visible light transmit - Pounds force/in (lbf/in) Newtons/meter (N/m) 175 tance to solar heat gain Pounds force/inch 2 (lbf/in 2) Kilopascals (kPa) 6.89 coefficient. Pounds force/feet 2 (lbf/ft 2) Kilopascals (kPa) 0.048 Btu/hr Watts (W) 0.293 Btu/hr/ft 2/°F W/m 2/°C 5.678 Btu/hr/ft 2 W/m 2 3.15

Project: Al Babtain Cultural Waqf Tower Location: Kuwait City, Kuwait Glass Product: Loå 2- 270 Architect/ Consultant: Gulf Consults Glazing Contractor: Yuanda Alum + Gulf Glass Industries Cardinal Coated Energy- Efficient Glass Goes Far Beyond Ordinary Low-e Glass

Low Emissivity Coatings

Loå Coatings applied to glass which reflect long wave room side infrared energy back into the room reducing the U-Value. Emissivity varies from HIGH SOLAR GAIN GLASS 0 to 1 and the lower the emissivity, [One silver layer] the lower the resultant U-Value. Cardinal Loå-180 ® is the Loå 2 Second generation of Loå coat - perfect cold remedy. Ideal ings which provide a high visible light for passive solar applica - transmission while offering a signifi - tions, it allows winter sun’s cant decrease in solar heat gain heat to pass into the home coefficient and shading coefficient. while blocking heat loss to These products have two silver the outside. layers in the coating stack.

Loå3 Third generation of Lo å coat - ings which provide the best solar heat gain coefficient and shading coefficient with a high visible light transmission. These products have three silver layers in the coating stack.

5 For years, Cardinal Loå glass has been setting the standard for energy-efficient glass. Our patented, state-of-the-art sputtered coatings are unmatched by any other glass manufacturer. Our high transmission coatings are virtually clear, blocking the heat and reducing solar gain, while optimizing light transmission. In fact, our Loå 2 and Loå 3 coatings actually outperform the tinted glass often used in warm climates. In addition, because our coated glass transmits more natural light and reduces solar gain, you may be able to reduce both lighting and air conditioning electrical loads.

ALL CLIMATE GLASS ALL CLIMATE SOLAR ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE GLASS GLARE CONTROL GLASS CONTROL GLASS [Two silver layers] [Three silver layers] [Two silver layers] [Two silver layers] Cardinal Loå 2-272 ® glass (pro - Where additional solar control The new standard, Loå 3-366 ® Wherever glare is a problem, nounced low-e squared 272) is required, with very little (low-e cubed 366) delivers the Loå 2-240 ® is a smart solution. It’s delivers year-round perform - sacrifice in visibility, Loå 2-270 ® perfect balance of solar control a specially treated version of our ance and comfort, whether it’s is the ideal choice. Its patent - and high visibility - with no Loå 2-240 glass that not only -20°F (-29°C) or 110°F (43°C) ed coating blocks 86% of the room-darkening tints and controls glare but also blocks in the shade. In winter, it sun’s infrared heat and 86% of virtually no exterior reflectance. oppressive solar heat gain and reflects heat back into the the sun’s harmful UV rays. It provides the highest levels of maintains cool indoor glass room. In summer, it rejects year-round comfort and energy temperatures. Regular tinted the sun’s heat and damaging savings, making it the perfect glass works by absorbing sun - UV rays. glass for any location. The light, so the glass color changes secret? An unprecedented with the thickness and the glass three layers of silver. becomes hot in sunlight. However, Loå 2-240 maintains its appearance and performance regardless of the glass thickness. It can be used for turtle glass codes.

Architects: SEIS ARQUITECTOS S.A Project size: 3,500 Sq meters Glass Product: Loå 2 -240 Fabricator : Solaire Curtain wall company : Solaire Location: San Salvador, El Salvador Solar energy can be broken Depending on the application, Cardinal down into the UV, Visible, and the best glass product would Near Infrared spectrums. have a low UV transmission, a Loå Glass Characteristics of these energy high visible light transmission spectrums are as follows: and a low near infrared trans - Delivers mission. Considerations of out - • UV, 300 to 380 nm- Can cause door aesthetics, color, glare, fading of furnishings solar gain (SHGC), heat loss Outstanding • Visible, 380 to 760 nm- Visible (U-Factor), comfort, visible light light transmission, etc., should be taken Thermal • Near Infrared, 760 to 2500 nm- into account on any application. Solar energy that we feel as Performance hea t All Cardinal Loå glass products A comparison of the perform - can be supplied in stock sheets ance of Cardinal’s Loå products and can be tempered, bent and is shown below. laminated for stock delivery. Maximum stock sheet size: 96” X 144” (2.43 meters X 3.65 meters)

Unit Make Up Visible Light Solar Energy U Factor - Air U Factor - Argon Fading Exterior Lite Airspace Inboard Lite Transmission Refl ectance Transmission Refl ectance SHGC SC LSG RHG BTU/Hr.ft2 °F W/m2 °K BTU/Hr.ft2 °F W/m2 °K UV Krochman ISO Transmission Damage CIE Exterior Interior Exterior Interior BTU/Hr.ft2 W/m2 Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Function

*Gray Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 43% 7% 11% 17% 23% 47% 0.21 0.24 2.05 51 161 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.24 1.19 1.36 3% 14% 29%

2 ®

3 *Gray Loå 272 13mm Clear 48% 7% 10% 26% 19% 37% 0.31 0.35 1.55 74 233 0.27 0.30 1.48 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 10% 23% 37% m

m *Gray Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 31% 6% 10% 12% 14% 38% 0.17 0.20 1.82 43 136 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 21%

*Gray Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 34% 6% 11% 16% 13% 33% 0.22 0.26 1.55 55 174 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 26%

*Gray Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 35% 6% 10% 18% 12% 30% 0.25 0.28 1.40 60 189 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 7% 17% 27%

Clear 13mm Lo å 180® 77% 14% 15% 52% 18% 18% 0.64 0.74 1.21 150 474 0.29 0.30 1.62 1.72 0.24 0.26 1.33 1.47 24% 38% 60%

Loå2 240® 13mm Clear 37% 13% 10% 19% 27% 28% 0.24 0.28 1.54 60 189 0.28 0.30 1.59 1.70 0.23 0.25 1.31 1.42 13% 22% 32%

Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 70% 10% 11% 35% 29% 30% 0.40 0.46 1.75 95 300 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 14% 31% 53%

Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 68% 12% 12% 31% 32% 33% 0.35 0.41 1.94 85 268 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 13% 30% 50%

Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 63% 11% 11% 24% 36% 38% 0.27 0.31 2.33 65 205 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 4% 20% 41%

Arctic Blue 13mm Loå2 270® 40% 7% 10% 17% 8% 32% 0.27 0.31 1.48 64 202 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 5% 19% 33%

Arctic Blue 13mm Loå3 366® 37% 7% 9% 14% 8% 36% 0.24 0.28 1.54 59 186 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 13% 27%

2 ®

6 Evergreen 13mm Loå 270 50% 9% 11% 19% 7% 32% 0.28 0.33 1.79 69 218 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 4% 16% 33% m

m Evergreen 13mm Loå3 366® 46% 8% 10% 16% 8% 36% 0.27 0.31 1.70 64 202 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 1% 12% 28%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå2 270® 57% 10% 11% 24% 12% 32% 0.35 0.40 1.63 83 262 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 8% 24% 42%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå3 366® 53% 9% 10% 19% 13% 36% 0.32 0.37 1.66 76 240 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 3% 16% 35%

Bronze 13mm Loå2 270® 40% 7% 11% 19% 17% 32% 0.30 0.34 1.33 72 227 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 28%

Bronze 13mm Loå3 366® 37% 7% 10% 14% 9% 36% 0.26 0.30 1.42 62 196 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 23%

Gray 13mm Loå2 270® 34% 7% 11% 16% 13% 32% 0.27 0.31 1.26 64 202 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 26%

Gray 13mm Loå3 366® 31% 6% 10% 12% 15% 36% 0.23 0.27 1.35 56 177 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 21%

SuperGray 13mm Loå2 270® 6% 4% 9% 3% 4% 31% 0.10 0.12 0.60 27 85 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 <1% 3% 5%

SuperGray 13mm Loå3 366® 6% 4% 9% 2% 4% 36% 0.10 0.11 0.60 25 79 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 <1% 2% 4%

Loå2 240® 13mm Clear 37% 13% 10% 18% 24% 24% 0.24 0.27 1.54 58 183 0.27 0.30 1.53 1.70 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 12% 20% 31%

Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 68% 10% 11% 33% 24% 26% 0.39 0.45 1.74 92 290 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 13% 30% 51%

Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 66% 12% 12% 29% 28% 29% 0.35 0.40 1.89 83 262 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 11% 28% 49%

3 ®

8 Loå 366 13mm Clear 61% 10% 11% 23% 31% 33% 0.27 0.31 2.26 65 205 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 4% 19% 40% m

m Blue-Green 13mm Loå2 270® 53% 9% 11% 21% 9% 27% 0.32 0.36 1.66 76 240 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 21% 38%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå3 366® 49% 9% 10% 17% 10% 31% 0.29 0.33 1.69 70 221 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 15% 32%

1. Data was calculated using the Window 6.3 computer program with NFRC 100-2010 environmental conditions. 2. Gas fill: 90% argon / 10% air. 3. Please contact Cardinal IG for availability of Loå Coatings on Tinted Substrates. 7 4. Heat treatment of the tinted substrate may be required. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (6 mm monolithic substrates)

1.00 UV Visible Light Near Infrared (Heat)

0.90

0.80 Clear Glass Loå 180™ 0.70 2 ® n Loå 272 o i

s 0.60

s 2 ® i Loå 270 m

s 0.50 n 3 ® a

r Loå 366 T

t 0.40 h

g 2 ® i Loå 240 L 0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00 300 380 500 700 760 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 Wavelength (nm)

Unit Make Up Visible Light Solar Energy U Factor - Air U Factor - Argon Fading

2 2 2 2 8 Exterior Lite Airspace Inboard Lite Transmission Refl ectance Transmission Refl ectance SHGC SC LSG RHG BTU/Hr.ft °F W/m °K BTU/Hr.ft °F W/m °K UV Krochman ISO m Transmission Damage CIE 2 2 m Exterior Interior Exterior Interior BTU/Hr.ft W/m Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Summer Winter Function

*Gray Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 43% 7% 11% 17% 23% 47% 0.21 0.24 2.05 51 161 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.24 1.19 1.36 3% 14% 29%

*Gray Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 48% 7% 10% 26% 19% 37% 0.31 0.35 1.55 74 233 0.27 0.30 1.48 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 10% 23% 37%

*Gray Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 31% 6% 10% 12% 14% 38% 0.17 0.20 1.82 43 136 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 21%

*Gray Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 34% 6% 11% 16% 13% 33% 0.22 0.26 1.55 55 174 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 26%

*Gray Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 35% 6% 10% 18% 12% 30% 0.25 0.28 1.40 60 189 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 7% 17% 27%

Clear 13mm Lo å 180® 77% 14% 15% 52% 18% 18% 0.64 0.74 1.21 150 474 0.29 0.30 1.62 1.72 0.24 0.26 1.33 1.47 24% 38% 60%

Loå2 240® 13mm Clear 37% 13% 10% 19% 27% 28% 0.24 0.28 1.54 60 189 0.28 0.30 1.59 1.70 0.23 0.25 1.31 1.42 13% 22% 32%

Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 70% 10% 11% 35% 29% 30% 0.40 0.46 1.75 95 300 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 14% 31% 53%

Loå2 270® 13mm Clear 68% 12% 12% 31% 32% 33% 0.35 0.41 1.94 85 268 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 13% 30% 50%

Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 63% 11% 11% 24% 36% 38% 0.27 0.31 2.33 65 205 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 4% 20% 41%

Arctic Blue 13mm Loå2 270® 40% 7% 10% 17% 8% 32% 0.27 0.31 1.48 64 202 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 5% 19% 33%

Arctic Blue 13mm Loå3 366® 37% 7% 9% 14% 8% 36% 0.24 0.28 1.54 59 186 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 13% 27%

2 ®

6 Evergreen 13mm Loå 270 50% 9% 11% 19% 7% 32% 0.28 0.33 1.79 69 218 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 4% 16% 33% m

m Evergreen 13mm Loå3 366® 46% 8% 10% 16% 8% 36% 0.27 0.31 1.70 64 202 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 1% 12% 28%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå2 270® 57% 10% 11% 24% 12% 32% 0.35 0.40 1.63 83 262 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 8% 24% 42%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå3 366® 53% 9% 10% 19% 13% 36% 0.32 0.37 1.66 76 240 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 3% 16% 35%

Bronze 13mm Loå2 270® 40% 7% 11% 19% 17% 32% 0.30 0.34 1.33 72 227 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 28%

Bronze 13mm Loå3 366® 37% 7% 10% 14% 9% 36% 0.26 0.30 1.42 62 196 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 23%

Gray 13mm Loå2 270® 34% 7% 11% 16% 13% 32% 0.27 0.31 1.26 64 202 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 16% 26%

Gray 13mm Loå3 366® 31% 6% 10% 12% 15% 36% 0.23 0.27 1.35 56 177 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 11% 21%

SuperGray 13mm Loå2 270® 6% 4% 9% 3% 4% 31% 0.10 0.12 0.60 27 85 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 <1% 3% 5%

SuperGray 13mm Loå3 366® 6% 4% 9% 2% 4% 36% 0.10 0.11 0.60 25 79 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 <1% 2% 4%

Loå2 240® 13mm Clear 37% 13% 10% 18% 24% 24% 0.24 0.27 1.54 58 183 0.27 0.30 1.53 1.70 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 12% 20% 31%

Loå2 272® 13mm Clear 68% 10% 11% 33% 24% 26% 0.39 0.45 1.74 92 290 0.27 0.29 1.53 1.65 0.22 0.25 1.25 1.42 13% 30% 51% 3 2 ® m Loå 270 13mm Clear 66% 12% 12% 29% 28% 29% 0.35 0.40 1.89 83 262 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 11% 28% 49% m Loå3 366® 13mm Clear 61% 10% 11% 23% 31% 33% 0.27 0.31 2.26 65 205 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 4% 19% 40%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå2 270® 53% 9% 11% 21% 9% 27% 0.32 0.36 1.66 76 240 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.21 0.25 1.19 1.42 6% 21% 38%

Blue-Green 13mm Loå3 366® 49% 9% 10% 17% 10% 31% 0.29 0.33 1.69 70 221 0.26 0.29 1.48 1.65 0.20 0.24 1.14 1.36 2% 15% 32% Loå Aesthetics

CLEAR GLASS CLEAR | Loå-180

TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE

EXTERIOR APPEARANCE EXTERIOR APPEARANCE

9 Aesthetics of glass products – such as color, transmittance, reflectivity, etc. – are very subjective. Cardinal Loå glass is virtually non-reflective, and and its transmitted and exterior appearance covers a range of neutral earth tones. Viewing angle, sky conditions (blue sky vs. overcast), colors of objects being reflected, colors of materials behind the glass (e.g., blinds, draperies) and viewing distance away from the glass will have a dramat - ic impact on the perceived glass aesthetics. Using clear glass as a basis, the depiction below shows the transmitted appearance and the exterior appearance of Cardinal’s Loå products.

CLEAR | Loå 2-272 CLEAR | Loå 2-270 CLEAR | Loå 3-366 CLEAR | Loå 2-240

TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE TRANSMITTED APPEARANCE

EXTERIOR APPEARANCE EXTERIOR APPEARANCE EXTERIOR APPEARANCE EXTERIOR APPEARANCE Insulating Glass: A 70-Year History Insulating glass was developed and introduced to the commercial marketplace in the late 1930’s. Since then, it has been shown that insulating glass (IG) units with Loå coatings and argon filling offer significant benefits over single- glazed windows:

• Reduced window U-factor saves energy in wintertime

• Reduced solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) saves on summertime air conditioning costs

• Improved acoustical properties mean better sound attenuation

• Reduced UV transmission reduces the potential for fading of furnishings

• Increased roomside temperature of the IG unit in winter climates improves comfort and reduces the potential for condensation on the indoor pane of glass

• Reduced roomside glass temperature in summertime conditions improves comfort

11 Essentials of manufacturing long-lasting IG units

What makes a long-lasting IG unit? • Material selection of unit components • Workmanship of unit fabrication • How the units are glazed

Material selection Workmanship The sealant(s) used to bond Critical to IG unit longevity is Cardinal IG Unit Cross Section glass to the spacer system is fabrication consistency. There the most important material must be no voids allowed in 1. PIB primary seal. Stops moisture from entering the airspace used in IG unit construction. the seal system. Cardinal’s and has the lowest moisture vapor transmission and argon The sealant(s) must resist unique Intelligent Quality permeation of all known sealants used in the manufacturing temperature extremes, UV Assurance Program virtually of IG units. radiation, moisture ingress eliminates anomalies in the into the airspace and retain fabrication process. All 2. Silicone secondary seal. Recognized as the best sealant for any inert gas in the airspace, inspections rely on carefully resisting weathering and adhering to glass substrates. i.e. argon. Cardinal has cho - calibrated scientific instru - 3. Stainless steel spacer (0.006in or 0.008in). Increased sen a dual-seal system with mentation, so results are resistance to condensation and least stress on IG seal system. polyisobutylene (PIB) as the objective. In addition, Cardinal 4. Desiccant. Removes moisture from airspace and designed for primary seal and silicone as manufactures its own produc - a 125-year life. the secondary seal. tion equipment to ensure that units are fabricated with con - In addition to sealant choice, sistent high quality. spacer design and processing are also important. Cardinal How the units are glazed uses four bent corners in our If an IG unit sits in water or construction which requires the seal system is over- only one joint on the spacer. stressed, there is no unit Many other IG manufacturers construction that will deliver use corner keys to attach the long-term performance. four spacer pieces together. Cardinal believes that our Four joints instead of one sig - dual-seal construction is the nificantly increases the poten - most versatile IG seal system tial for moisture ingress into because of its excellent the IG unit airspace. weatherability. In fact, in both real-world and simulated weathering conditions, Cardinal’s dual-seal system outperforms other IG unit constructions.

Project: Capital Gate Tower - ADNEC Location: Abu Dhabi Glass Product: Loå 2-240 Project size: 29,000 Sq meters Architect: RMJM Glazing contractor: White Aluminum 6mm IG Wind Load Chart

8mm IG Wind Load Chart

13 • At the point where these lines intersect, interpolate between the Wind Loads and Insulating wind load (kPa) contours to determine the allowable wind load. For windload in PDF, use the conversion factor in chart. Glass Size Limits • If the glass construction other than annealed-annealed is to be used, determine the wind load for the annealed-annealed glass The wind load data presented is based on ASTM Standard E with the appropriate glass thickness, and multiply this wind load by 1300-04 (Standard Practice for Determining Load Resistance of the appropriate load factor (see Load Factors at right). Glass in Buildings) for annealed glass. The charts may be used by the design professional to choose the appropriate glass product to meet the wind load criteria speci - Load Factors fied. The charts are for insulating glass units and assume four- Annealed-Annealed 1.0 sided support with support deflections not greater than L/175 of Heat Strengthened-Annealed 1.11 the span at design load, and a uniform 3-second load duration. Heat Strengthened-Heat Strengthened 2.0 Breakage probability for insulating glass is 8/1000 units. By Heat Strengthened-Tempered 2.11 definition, breakage of either lite in an insulating glass unit Tempered-Tempered 4.0 constitutes unit breakage. The 8/1000 unit breakage probability is the combined probability for both lites when the unit is exposed Note: Load factors assume the following: to design load. 1. Heat strengthened glass to have a surface compression between 24.1 MPa (3,500 psi) and 51.7 MPa (7,500 psi). How to use the wind load chart and design factors: 2. Tempered glass to have a surface compression of 69 MPa (10,000 • Locate the long dimension and short dimension on the chart. psi) minimum. 3. Duration of load is 3 seconds. • Draw a vertical line from the long dimension and a horizontal 4. 8/1000 probability of failure. line from the short dimension.

Project: Rotana Hotel @ Yas Island Location Abu Dhabi Glass Product: Loå 2-240 Project Size: 7,000 Sq meters Aluminum Contractor: Alico Architect Consultant: ML Design Glazing Guidelines

GLASS TYPES thermal or windload require - The following guidelines are Annealed Glass: ments. Heat strengthened Annealed glass can be used glass can be used for all tint - for vision applications where ed, Loå and reflective vision presented to assist the design clear, tinted and Loå glasses applications. It is the recom - are specified, provided they mended choice for all spandrel meet the windload, thermal applications. professional in the recommended stress and building code requirements of the project. Tempered Glass: Tempered glass is approxi - handling and use of glass Heat Strengthened Glass: mately four times as strong as Heat strengthened glass is annealed glass in resisting approximately two times as wind load. If fracture occurs, it products offered in this brochure. strong as annealed glass in will break into very small par - resisting windload. If it frac - ticles which usually will evacu - tures, it usually breaks into ate the opening and could Guidelines are offered on the Association of North America) large sections (similar to cause damage or injury to requirements of framing sys - Glazing Manual (Current annealed glass) and usually people below. Because of this, tems to minimize the potential Edition). Failure to adhere to remains in the opening. If it Cardinal recommends that the of glass breakage and possible the minimum recommenda - meets all requirements, codes use of tempered glass in com - seal failures of insulating tions listed and those present - and specifications, heat mercial construction be glass units. Additional glazing ed in the GANA Glazing strengthened glass should be restricted to applications recommendations may be Manual may invalidate used in all applications where where codes require safety found in the GANA (Glass Cardinal’s product warranties. annealed glass will not meet glazing, fire knockout panels

STRESS PROFILE FOR HEAT-STRENGTHENED GLASS

Compression Tension (3,500 - 7,500 psi) (2,200 - 3,300 psi)

0.21T

Glass Thickness 0.58T (T)

0.21T

STRESS PROFILE FOR TEMPERED GLASS HEAT-STRENGTHENED AND TEMPERED GLASS COMPRESSION AND TENSION ZONES Compression Tension (10,000 psi minimum) (4,500 - 7,000 psi)

0.21T 0.21T Compression 0 Stress

Glass Glass Thickness 0.58T Thickness 0.58T Tension (T) (T)

0.21T 0 Stress 0.21T

15 or in non-hazardous applica - result of the air quenching pressures shed should be large enough tions where glass fallout (cooling) of the glass when it c. Difference between insu - to cover the insulating glass potential is not a concern. was heat treated and is not a lating glass airspace tem - sightline. glass defect. perature and outdoor HEAT STRENGTHENED/ temperature Setting Blocks: TEMPERED GLASS Distortion: d. Static or dynamic pressure Glass lights should be set on MANUFACTURING Distortion can occur in all differences from indoors two 80 to 90 durometer neo - Glass tempering and heat glass products (i.e. annealed, to outdoors (i.e. windload, prene setting blocks posi - strengthening are processes of heat treated, monolithic, insu - buildings internal pres - tioned at the quarter points. heating annealed glass to lating, coated or non-coated). sure, etc.) When this is not practical, the approximately 1200°F (650°C) These sometimes visible phe - e. Glazing stop pressure setting blocks can be installed and then rapidly cooling it with nomena are the direct result of f. Framing manufacturing to within 6” (152mm) of the air. The resultant piece of glass light being reflected and and erection tolerance vertical glass edge. Length of is thermally strengthened refracted at different angles g. Insulating glass airspace the setting block should be resulting in it being approxi - and speeds through uneven fabrication pressures 0.1” (2.5mm) in length for each mately two to four times glass surfaces which occurred square foot of glass area, but stronger than a piece of during the air quenching It is Cardinal’s intent to control no less than 4” (102mm) in annealed glass. This increased process. and minimize distortion levels length. The setting block strength is the result of perma - in processes under our con - should be 1/16” (1.6mm) less nently locking the outer surface Mirror-like images should not trol. The glazing system, tem - than the full channel width and molecules of the glass in com - be expected from glass that peratures and pressures be of sufficient height to pro - pression and the center portion has been tempered or heat greatly influence the amount vide the nominal recommend - in compensating tension. strengthened. Quality stan - of distortion. It is recommend - ed bite and minimum glass dards for various sizes and ed that the design professional edge clearance. Bow/Warp: thicknesses of heat treated responsible for glass selection Since the glass is reheated to glasses are detailed in ASTM view a mock-up of the intend - Weep Systems: its softening point and then Specification C1048-04. Some ed glass choice in an environ - Water should not be permitted rapidly cooled, a certain glass products will tend to ment as close as possible to to remain in the glazing rab - amount of warp or bow is accentuate distortion levels if the actual building site to bet. A weep system should normally associated with each they have a relatively high out - determine if the glass product incorporate enough weep piece of heat treated glass. door reflectance. Viewing meets the aesthetic objectives holes to ensure adequate Generally this warp or bow is angle, glass type, sky condi - of the project. drainage; usually this consists not a significant factor to the tion, time of day, glass orienta - of three 3/8” (9.5mm) diameter design professional. On occa - tion and the type and amount Face Clearance, Edge holes or equivalent, equally sion it shows up as distorted of reflected images all affect Clearance and Bite: spaced at the sill. reflected images under certain the perceived degrees of dis - The glazing system should viewing conditions and will be tortion in any glass product. provide recommended face Framing Recommendations: more noticeable as the out - Causes of distortion can be and edge clearances and bite The framing system should door reflectance of the glass attributable to one or a combi - to retain the glass in place provide structural support for increases. nation of the following factors: under windload. It also should the glass and under design thermally and mechanically loads must not exceed either Strain/Pattern: 1. Roll Ripple isolate the glass from the the length of the span divided A visible phenomenon of tem - a. Heat treatment process framing members to prevent by 175 or 3/4” (19mm) pered and heat strengthened for heat strengthened and glass to metal contact. whichever is less. Horizontal glass is a strain pattern that tempered glass Sealants or gaskets should member deflection due to the might appear under certain 2. Bow or Warp (either positive provide a watershed with an glass weight should be limited lighting conditions, especially or negative) approximate height of 1/16” to 1/8” (3mm) or 25% of the if it is viewed through polar - a. Heat treatment process (1.6mm) above the edge or design edge clearance of the ized lenses. The strain pattern b. Differences between sightline of the glass framing glass or panel below, whichev - can appear as faint spots, insulating glass airspace members. The bite plus water - er is less. In dry-glazed gasket blotches or lines; this is the pressure and barometric systems, compressive pres - sure exerted at the glass edge should be 4 to 10 pounds per lineal inch (700 to 1750 N/n). Insulating Glass Framing Recommendations Overall Thickness Face Clearance Edge Clearance Bite 1” (25mm) 3/16” (4.8mm) 1/4” (6mm) 9/16 (14mm) Glazing Guidelines (continued) THERMAL STRESS AND 1. Cold Winter Night 3. Hot Summer Day with High one side and bottom to permit GLASS BREAKAGE Under these conditions the Solar Load natural air movement over the When window glass is warmer interior lite of glass will be Clear glass with its low solar room side of the glass. The at the center relative to the exposed to the maximum ther - absortance is not affected by following criteria must be met edge as shown below, the mal stress. The thermal resist - these conditions. Absorbing to avoid formation of a heat trap: expansion of the central zone ance of the IG unit keeps the glasses (i.e. Loå coated and/or 1. Minimum 1.5” (38mm) places a tensile stress on the central glass region relatively tinted) can see a greater heat clearance required at the glass edge. Based upon the warm. At the edge of glass, build up under these condi - top and bottom or one side coefficient of thermal expan - however, the thermal conduc - tions. If the glass edge is shad - and bottom between shad - sion for soda lime glass, a 1° F tivity of the IG edge seal and ed due to a window or building ing device and surrounding (.55°C) temperature gradient the frame design will drop this projection, the non-uniform construction, or a closure creates 50 psi (345 kPa) glass edge temperature signifi - heating of the glass surface stop of 60° from horizontal mechanical stress in the glass cantly. This warm center/cold then can lead to thermal for horizontal blinds. stresses. edge. When the stress exceeds edge condition now creates 2. Minimum 2” (51mm) clear - the strength of the glass edge, tensile stresses and increased ance between glass and Features that can affect ther - a thermal fracture can occur. breakage potential. shading device. mal stress on glass are as follows: Low stress fractures, i.e. less 3. H eating/cooling outlets • Glass type (thickness, tint, must be to room side of than 1,500 psi (10,335 kPa) 2. Cold Winter Day with High coating type) shading device. stress, can be characterized by Solar Load • Condition of glass edges a single fracture line perpendi - Solar absorptance in the interi - • Shadow patterns on glass Heat strengthening or temper - cular to the glass edge. or lite of glass will increase its • Heat trap caused by closed ing of the glass may be neces - Typically a flaw or chip can be central temperature and the blinds or draperies resulting thermal stresses. In sary to offset the effects of a found at the edge (origin) of • Amount of solar radiation addition, any shading devices lack of adequate ventilation. this type of fracture. Higher • Outdoor-Indoor temperatures stress fractures can be charac - used on the inside of the win - • Framing material The following are recommen - terized as having multiple vent dow will tend to trap and/or • Glass size dations for blinds and lines running into the daylight reflect heat back at the glass, further increasing the glass draperies to reduce glass opening. Outdoor Shading: temperatures. In either case, thermal stress: Static and moving shade pat - the effect of solar loads on the 1. Vertical blinds are recom - terns on glass from building COLD RESISTING edge temperatures are mini - mended over horizontal overhangs, columns, trees and EXPANSION mal. This may lead to higher blinds. shrubbery and other buildings stress potentials than the win - 2. Dark blinds are recom - create varying degrees of ther - ter night-time conditions if the mended over light blinds. mal edge stress on the glass. solar absorptance of the interi - 3. Open weave draperies are The glass type (clear, tinted, recommended over continu - S or lite is greater than that of S WARM E Lo å), glass size and thickness, ous material.

R clear glass. T TRYING degree and type of shadow

S 4. A closure stop is recom -

TO E pattern, outdoor temperature mended on horizontal or L

I EXPAND S extremes and time of the year vertical blinds to prevent N E

T all influence the amount of them from closing com - 1-1/2” thermal edge stress. If ther - (37MM) pletely. mally induced stress is high 5. A natural air vent is recom - GLASS MINIMUM CLEARANCE enough, glass fracture could mended across the head of occur. In most applications, the horizontal detail. thermal stresses caused by the above are not high enough Glazing Review: Basically there are three worst to cause breakage of heat Cardinal offers a glazing case conditions in which to VENETIAN treated glasses but could review with windload and ther - evaluate the stresses in glass BLIND, cause breakage of annealed mal stress analysis on projects DRAPERY glass. Cardinal offers a glazing and the impact on breakage 2” OR that will use our glass. To pro - expectations. The conditions (50MM) ROLLER review on projects to recom - vide a complete and thorough are: cold winter night, cold win - MINIMUM SHADE mend specific glass types and review, Cardinal requests the ter day with high solar load, hot CLEARANCE treatment to reduce the poten - following information: summer day with high solar tial of thermal breakage. 1. PROJECT NAME 1-1/2” load. Each of these conditions 2. LOCATION creates the following responses Indoor Shading: 3. DESIGN WINDLOAD OR in a sealed, double glazing unit. Draperies, venetian blinds or WIND STUDY RESULTS other interior shading devices 4. TAKE-OFF (listing sizes, must be hung so as to provide quantities, and glass types) space at the top and bottom or 17 5. PRINTS, SHOP DRAWINGS, lowed. Other requirements, i.e. laminated heat strengthened Coating Quality Specifications or other detailed informa - material submittals and test - on the “bottom side.” for Cardinal Reflective Glass: tion which will reveal the ing, etc. may be required The following specifications following: depending on the scope of the However, the design profes - are applicable to Cardinal Loå a. Type and Color of Frame project. sional must consider many Glasses when viewed against a (conventional aluminum, requirements for each particu - bright uniform background. rubber ziplock, struc - Glass Breakage: lar project and choose the turally glazed, other) An extremely high percentage proper glass combinations. Vision Glass: b. Typical and Extreme of glass breakage in monolithic Generally, the following items Coating Uniformity: A slight Canopy Measurements and insulating glass units can should be considered in variation in color, reflectance, with Respective be attributed to: product selections: and transmission is acceptable Elevations (left and right 1. Glass damage to the surface • Safety for the occupants, when viewed from a distance projections, overhang) and edge caused by poor should glass fall out after of 10 feet (3m). c. Location of any Set-Back handling procedures and/or breakage or Inside Corners (list metal to glass contact in the • Live and dead loads (wind, Guide true elevation) sash. snow, rain) d. Glazing Details 2. Windblown debris and falling • Solar exposure Specification • Proper drainage Setting blocks (type and objects. The following guide specifica - qty/unit). 3. Thermal stress caused by a • Proper security tion is recommended for Edge blocks (type and temperature difference from • Mechanical system require - specifying Cardinal Loå insu - qty/unit). the center of the glass to the ments lating glass products: Edge clearance edge of the glass. To reduce • Fire codes or other applica - Bite weep system the potential of glass break - ble glazing codes A. Cardinal IG Loå Products Gasket types; age from thermal stress, • Design esthetics glazing B. Dual Sealed Insulating angle Wet seal (types and keep outdoor shadow lines Glass: Butyl primary, • Snow and ice build up which usage) to a minimum and follow the Silicone secondary seal, could create a safety issue Wall type (strip window, indoor shading and heat Bent corners, Air filled or when it falls curtain wall, punched duct locations listed. Argon filled opening) U-Values and heat gains for C. Certified through the 6. AREAS ADJACENT TO Causes of Insulating Glass sloped glazing applications are Insulating Glass BUILDING WITH HIGH Failure: Insulating glass seal dependent upon glazing angle, Certification Council (IGCC) REFLECTANCE (concrete, failures can usually be attrib - compass orientation and or the Insulating Glass water, light colored sill or uted to: indoor thermal conditions. Manufacturers Alliance adjacent walls) 1. Incompatibility of glazing (IGMA) in accordance with 7. TYPE OF INTERIOR SHAD - materials with the insulating Cardinal will recommend glass ING (color, vented or not, glass sealants ASTM Specification E-2190 thicknesses for sloped glazing D. Winter nighttime U-Value drapes or blinds, open or 2. Water in glazing rabbet applications, provided the fol - (see performance data). closed weave) 3. Non-support of both glass lowing variables are supplied: E. Shading Coefficient, Solar 8. WINTER-TIME GLAZING OR lights with setting blocks 1. Architect’s Design Windload NOT (psf) Heat Gain Coefficient 9. ARCHITECTURAL SPECIFI - Sloped Glazing: 2. Architect’s Design Snowload CATIONS Any glass installed more than (psf) (see performance data and glass type). 15° off the vertical plane is 3. Glazing Angle Customer Responsibility: It is considered to be sloped glaz - 4. Glass Size the responsibility of Cardinal’s ing. Ultimately, the safest 5. Glass Construction Customer to make certain that practical glass combinations the above minimum and GANA which we recommend are tem - glazing guidelines are fol - pered on the “top side” and

Physical Properties of Cardinal IG Units Glass Glass Approximate Overall Maximum Maximum Area Dimension Exterior (mm) Interior (mm) Weight Lbs/ft 2 Thickness Dimension Annealed Glass Tolerance Tolerance

6.0 6.0 6.5 +1/32” (+ .8mm) 144” 50 sq. ft. +1/16-1/8” -1/16” (-1.6mm) (3,658mm) (4.6 sq.m) (1.6mm-3.2mm) 8.0 8.0 8.3 +1/32” (+ .8mm) 144” 50 sq. ft. +1/16-1/8” -1/16” (-1.6mm) (3,658mm) (4.6 sq.m) (1.6mm-3.2mm)

Note: Thicknesses are based on ASTM C-1036 Std. Laminated Glass Glass Interlayer Glass Cardinal laminated glass consists of annealed, heat-strengthened or tempered glass with one or more transparent interlayers sandwiched together to create a stronger, sturdier glass unit. We offer multiple interlayer options to meet various codes and security constraints.

ANNEALED GLASS breaks TEMPERED GLASS shatters LAMINATED GLASS may easily, producing long, completely under higher crack under pressure, but sharp splinters. levels of impact energy, tends to remain integral, and few pieces remain adhering to the plastic in the frame. vinyl interlayer.

Safety Glazing Cardinal certifies their laminated glass products through the Safety Glazing Certification Council (SGCC) sampling and testing program. The SGCC is an independent agency which confirms that laminate products meet the following requirements: • ANSI Z97.1-2009 Class “A” (0.030” interlayer and thicker) • ANSI Z97.1-2009 Class “B” (0.015” interlayer) • CPSC 16CFR 1201 Cat II (0.030” interlayer and thicker) • CPSC 16CFR 1201 Cat I (0.015” interlayer)

Blast Resistance Cardinal laminated glass can qualify for the Department of Defense Unified Facilities Criteria for blast resistance.

19 Performance Specifications Cardinal laminated glass provides design flexibility to meet industry requirements. The performance tables below show characteristics of SGP and PVB Laminates. This represents a sample of possible laminate configurations and merely reflects some of the major elements in glass selection.

Visible Light Solar Heat Gain U-factor Fading (T dw ) Visible Light Refl ectance Coeffi cient (Btu/hr/ft 2/°F) UV Krochmann Name Laminate Make-up Transmittance Out In (SC = SHGC/0.87) (W/m2) Transmission Damage Function ISO CIE

8.6M 3.1 / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 86% 8% 8% 0.76 0.97 (5.51) <1% 29% 60% 8.6BM 3.1 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 62% 6% 6% 0.66 0.97 (5.51) <1% 21% 43% 8.6GM 3.1 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 59% 6% 6% 0.64 0.97 (5.51) <1% 21% 42% 8.6NM 3.1 Green / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 80% 7% 7% 0.64 0.97 (5.51) <1% 27% 55% 8.6MX 3.1 Loå3-366 / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 61% 13% 13% 0.34 0.97 (5.51) <1% 16% 38% 8.6NMX 3.1 Green / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 Loå3-366 56% 10% 11% 0.41 0.97 (5.51) <1% 14% 34% 8.6GMX 3.1 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 Loå3-366 42% 8% 11% 0.37 0.97 (5.51) <1% 11% 26% 8.6BMX 3.1 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 3.1 Loå 3-366 47% 8% 12% 0.37 0.97 (5.51) <1% 11% 28% 10.1M 3.9 / 0.090” SGP / 3.9 88% 9% 9% 0.77 0.96 (5.46) <1% 31% 62% 10.1MX 3.9 Loå3-366 / 0.090” SGP / 3.9 61% 12% 12% 0.34 0.96 (5.46) <1% 16% 38% 10.1GMX 3.9 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 3.9 Loå3-366 39% 7% 10% 0.37 0.96 (5.46) <1% 10% 24% 10.1BMX 3.9 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 3.9 Loå 3-366 43% 8% 11% 0.37 0.96 (5.46) <1% 11% 25% 11.7M 4.7 / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 86% 9% 9% 0.73 0.95 (5.42) <1% 30% 60% 11.7NMX 4.7 Green / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 75% 7% 7% 0.59 0.95 (5.42) <1% 25% 51% 11.7GMX 4.7 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 50% 5% 5% 0.57 0.95 (5.42) <1% 18% 36% 11.7BMX 4.7 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 56% 6% 6% 0.59 0.95 (5.42) <1% 18% 37% 11.7MX 4.7 Loå3-366 / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 60% 11% 12% 0.35 0.95 (5.42) <1% 16% 37% 11.7NMX 4.7 Green / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 Loå3-366 55% 10% 11% 0.43 0.95 (5.42) <1% 13% 32% 11.7GMX 4.7 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 Loå3-366 35% 7% 10% 0.37 0.95 (5.42) <1% 10% 22% 11.7BMX 4.7 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 4.7 Loå 3-366 40% 7% 10% 0.38 0.95 (5.42) <1% 10% 23% 13.6M 5.7 / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 84% 7% 7% 0.71 0.94 (5.36) <1% 29% 59% 13.6GM 5.7 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 43% 5% 5% 0.54 0.94 (5.36) <1% 16% 31% 13.6BM 5.7 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 52% 5% 5% 0.58 0.94 (5.36) <1% 16% 34% 13.6NM 5.7 Green / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 72% 6% 6% 0.55 0.94 (5.36) <1% 24% 49% 13.6MX 5.7 Loå3-366 / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 58% 14% 13% 0.35 0.94 (5.36) <1% 16% 36% 13.6NMX 5.7 Green / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 Loå3-366 52% 10% 11% 0.42 0.94 (5.36) <1% 14% 33% 13.6GMX 5.7 Gray / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 Loå3-366 31% 7% 10% 0.37 0.94 (5.36) <1% 9% 21% 13.6BMX 5.7 Bronze / 0.090” SGP / 5.7 Loå 3-366 38% 7% 10% 0.38 0.94 (5.36) <1% 9% 22%

Fading (T ) Visible Light Solar Heat Gain U-factor dw Visible Light Refl ectance Coeffi cient (Btu/hr/ft 2/°F) UV Krochmann Name Laminate Make-up Transmittance Out In (SC = SHGC/0.87) (W/m2) Transmission Damage Function ISO CIE

6.0L 2.7 / 0.030” PVB / 2.7 89% 9% 9% 0.80 1.01 (5.74) <1% 27% 59% 6.0GL 2.7 / 0.030” PVB Gray / 2.7 44% 6% 6% 0.63 1.01 (5.74) <1% 17% 33% 11.7L 4.7 / 0.090” PVB / 4.7 87% 9% 9% 0.73 0.94 (5.34) <1% 24% 56% 11.7BL 4.7 / 0.090” PVB Bronze / 4.7 49% 5% 5% 0.60 0.94 (5.34) <1% 13% 30% 11.7GL 4.7 Gray / 0.090” PVB / 4.7 51% 5% 5% 0.58 0.94 (5.34) <1% 16% 34% 13.6L 5.7 / 0.090” PVB / 5.7 86% 9% 9% 0.71 0.93 (5.28) <1% 22% 54% 13.6GL 5.7 / 0.090” PVB Gray / 5.7 44% 5% 5% 0.59 0.93 (5.28) <1% 17% 33% 13.6GL 5.7 Gray / 0.090” PVB / 5.7 45% 5% 5% 0.54 0.93 (5.28) <1% 14% 30% 13.6BL 5.7 Bronze / 0.090” PVB / 5.7 52% 6% 6% 0.56 0.93 (5.28) <1% 14% 32% 13.6BL 5.7 / 0.090” PVB Bronze / 5.7 48% 5% 5% 0.58 0.93 (5.28) <1% 13% 29% 13.6NL 5.7 / 0.090” PVB Green / 5.7 72% 7% 7% 0.67 0.93 (5.28) <1% 22% 49%

Notes: 1) PVB green is the same as PVB blue-green 2) Name Code: G = Gray glass, B = Bronze glass, N = Green glass, L = PVB interlayer, M = SGP interlayer, X = Loå 3™ 366 coating Count on Cardinal Glass to Always Meet or Exceed Your Specifications Cardinal I.Q. – our Intelligent Quality Assurance Program – ensures the quality of every piece of glass. Using our own patented inspection systems, we thoroughly examine the glass from start to finish.

Exterior Color Room Side Color and Visible 21 Argon-Fill Levels Strain Measurement Transmission/Reflection Coating Color FLOAT GLASS I.Q. COATED GLASS I.Q. TEMPERED GLASS I.Q. INSULATING GLASS I.Q. Float glass is the foundation Cardinal employs patented, Cardinal tempering increases Cardinal IG units deliver out - of all Cardinal products. state-of-the-art sputter coat - the glass strength to nearly standing thermal perform - ing processes that are four times that of ordinary ance and extremely low fail - Annealing unmatched by any other glass glass, while distortion ure rates. By providing a uniform glass manufacturer. remains minimal and color is temperature, this cooling virtually unnoticeable. Vision Scope and Hawkeye process helps create the Exterior Color Cameras Exterior color is validated in inherent strength of the glass Hawkeye Camera This is where scratches, coat - process as well as off-line. and maximizes the ability to This specific technology pro - This high-resolution, high- ing faults and debris on the cut the finished product. vides analysis based on how speed camera is used to detect glass surface are detected. the complete product will scratches, coating faults and The systems accurately char - Strain Measurements appear in its final installation. debris on the surface. acterize defects by size and Three different strain meas - Production measurements sort them according to speci - urements are taken, so we enable us to statistically con - Tempered Distortion fications preventing defective can precisely control the trol the existing process and Competitive inspection sys - glass from proceeding to strain on the ribbon which use the data as benchmarks tems read the peaks and val - high-value operations. also affects the cuttability of for continuous improvement leys that develop as part of the glass. efforts. the tempering process but Edge Thickness they report only an average. Our Press Master ensures the Thickness Profile Room Side Color and Visible And not all lites are meas - precise thickness of each IG By gauging the thickness Transmission/Reflection ured. Our state-of-the-art unit to within thousandths of across the entire ribbon, we Cardinal-specific technology camera system measures the an inch. can determine if any portion provides continuous load-to- entire glass, focusing on a is out of specification. load monitoring to validate series of circles (similar to Argon-Fill Levels film stack construction. pixels). The results represent Our unique on-line system Defect Detection what the human eye sees. measures the argon fill levels Our laser system inspects IR Reflection of our IG unit and verifies ini - 100% of the glass, detecting This measurement validates and Defect Detection tial fill rates. Cardinal’s IG defects as well as ribbon ensures coating performance by Our system accurately char - units meet European stan - edges, knurl mark and distortion. measuring infrared reflection. acterizes defects by size and dards of argon loss not to sorts them according to our exceed 1% per annum. Optimization System Edge Deletion specifications. This prevents This process arbitrates the Statistically managing this defective glass from proceed - Coating Color best cut for the ribbon, which process ensures that cus - ing to high-value operations. A Minolta spectrophotometer helps maximize production tomers will not incur edge checks color intensity and and efficiency in order to keep delete issues such as sealing hue. To avoid rejection of the costs down. an unprepared surface. unit, each different coating must meet specific color values. Emissions Conformance Performance Testing Cardinal is committed to the R&D conducted evaluations Center of Glass Thickness environment, and all facilities look at every potential variable Where possible, we do a 100% are equipped with the latest that can arise along the way. sort inspection of all impor - technologies to reduce emissions. Customized for production, tant attributes, including unit in-process testing is continuous or center of glass thickness. If and recorded into our electronic the unit fails, it is not sealed. Quality Management System.

Vision Scope and IR Reflection Defect Detection Hawkeye Cameras Hawkeye Camera Tempered Distortion Windows clean easier and nology—the one that helps The sun and rain finish the job. Naturally stay cleaner. windows stay clean longer— Titanium dioxide reacts ® Clean Neat coated glass harnesses is the super-thin coating we chemically with the sun’s Glass the power of the sun’s UV apply. Using our patented UV rays, causing organic rays to loosen dirt so water double-sputtering process, materials that are on the can rinse it away, leaving we apply an invisible, durable glass to decompose. It works windows virtually spotless. and permanent coating of even on cloudy days. When Windows clean easier and silicon dioxide and titanium it rains, the decomposed dirt stay cleaner. Because Neat dioxide.The cleaning process is rinsed away, leaving the coated glass is available with starts with ultra-smooth glass almost spotless. Builders any of our Loå coatings, you glass. Silicone dioxide makes and homeowners spend less get all of the Loå coating Neat glass smoother as glass time washing windows. performance benefits as well. ages. In fact, it’s much Clear advantages over The science of Neat smoother than ordinary competitive products. coated glass. glass. So water disperses Neat coated glass allows A variety of different technolo - evenly, sheets off and more visible light transmit - gies go into manufacturing evaporates quickly, greatly tance than any comparable Neat glass. But the key tech - reducing water spotting. competitive product and is also less reflective.

Ordinary glass versNus eat glass

Ordinary Glass (Hydrophobic) Neat LoE Glass (Superhydrophilic) Water beads higher on rough surface of The smooth surface disperses water evenly, removing dirt more quickly and reducing water spots. Contact ordinary glass, causing more spots and angle greater cleaning needs. Contact angle

23 At Cardinal our goal is to After the job’s completed, • Preserve film contains Protective ensure that glass leaves our Preserve film easily peels no harmful chemicals or Film factories in perfect condition. off, taking all the accumulated by-products and can be However, after it leaves dirt and labels with it. There’s disposed of with normal the production facility, glass no need for razor blade construction site debris. can be damaged in shipping cleanup so you reduce the • Preserve film should not and handling. Glass can get risk of scratched glass and be pressure washed. scratched or damaged on the the costly window replacement • Do not affix permanent job site during construction. associated with it. It can also get spattered grilles or external fixtures with materials used in Because Preserve film directly to Preserve film. the construction process, contains no harmful chemicals • Acid should not be used i.e., paint, stains, stucco, or by-products, it can be on Preserve film. spackling, etc. Glass is disposed of with the rest • Do not use razor blades or also exposed to the dirty of normal construction site metal scrapers to remove environment in construction debris. Preserve film saves Preserve film. that will leave mud, dust you time, money…and a lot • Preserve film is covered by and dirt on the glass. of hassle. one or more of the following ® ® With Preserve film, cleanup Facts about Preserve film U.S. patents: 5,020,288; is a snap. Preserve film is a • Preserve film incorporates 5,107,643; 5,599,422; and clear protective film that is a water-based adhesive 5,866,260. factory-applied in overlapping and is rated as a low layers, ensuring that the density polyethylene. entire glass surface is • Preserve film should protected. It can be applied be removed within one to both the inner and outer year of installation. surfaces of IG units. r o o d n I r o o d t u O Company Structure Cardinal Glass Industries is a corporation with five wholly-owned subsidiaries. Cardinal enjoys a broad base of domestic and foreign customers.

Cardinal IG Company Cardinal CG Company Cardinal L G Company (Insulating Glass) (Coated Glass ) (Laminated Glass) Fargo ND (T) Buford, GA (T) Amery, WI Fremont, IN (T) Northfield, MN, (T) Ocala, FL (T) Greenfield, IA (T) Spring Green WI (T) Hood River, OR (T) Waxahachie, TX (T) Cardinal ST Company Roanoke, VA (T) Galt, CA (T) (Solar Technologies) Spring Green, WI (T) Tumwater, WA (T) Spring Green WI Tomah, WI (T) Loveland, CO (Tempered only) Mazomanie, WI (T) Waxahachie, TX (T) Casa Grande, AZ (Temp. only) Wilkes –Barre, PA (T) Moreno Valley, CA (Temp. only) 25 Cardinal Glass Industries Eden Prairie, MN, USA Certification Cardinal IG R&D St Louis Park, MN, USA Programs Cardinal CG R&D Spring Green, WI, USA Certification programs like these help us make sure that our product designs comply with government safety and durability.

Insulating Glass Certification Council (IGCC) Insulating Glass Manufacturers Alliance (IGMA) National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) Safety Glazing Certification Council (SGCC) Conformity to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) Program Requirements

Standards and Codes By complying with established standards, our inherent quality and product performance are fully recognized.

ASHRAE ASTM International Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB) International Code Council

Trade Associations Cardinal supports industry efforts in research, education and the advancement of building science through work with these organizations.

American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) Center for Glass Research Insulating Glass Manufacturers Alliance (IGMA) Society of Vacuum Coaters Window & Door Manufacturers Association (WDMA

Cardinal F G Company (Float Glass) Mooresville, NC Durant, OK (T) Winlock, WA Chehalis, WA (TG) Menomonie, WI Portage, WI Tomah, WI (TG) International Sales:

INTRACO Corporation 530 Stephenson Highway Troy, MI 48083-1131 USA

Tel: 248 585 6900 Fax: 248 585 6920

e-mail: itcglass intracousa.com @ www.intracousa.com

Glass Industries 775 Prairie Center Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55344 cardinalcorp.com

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