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Architectural Glass Guide

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Architectural Glass Guide Architectural Glass Guide ENGINEERING THE FUTURE OF GLASS Glass Industries ENGINEERING THE FUTURE OF GLASS Architectural Glass Guide Cardinal Loå Architectural Glass Products Set the Standard Cardinal Glass Industries is considered one of the world’s lead - ing providers of superior quality glass products. From the melting of sand to producing clear float glass to the vacuum sputtering of silver to produce low-emissivity coatings, Cardinal manufactures the quality components and finished insulating glass products used in top-of-the- line buildings around the world. 1 1 Overview 3 Energy Terminology/Conversion Factors 5 Coated Glass [CG] 7 Thermal Performance/Performance Characteristics 13 Loå Aesthetics 15 Insulating Glass [IG] 17 Wind Loads 19 Glazing Guidelines 21 Glazing Guidelines 23 Laminated Glass 25 IQ TM Intelligent Quality 27 Neat ® Naturally Clean Glass 28 Preserve ® Protective Film 29 Cardinal Locations Cardinal is a manage - Cardinal turns fresh ment-owned company ideas into functional leading the industry in products that our the development of long customers can use. lasting, energy-efficient We provide a turnkey glass products. We have solution to our more than 5,500 employ - customers whether it ees located at 29 manu - includes insulating facturing locations glass, coated, laminat - around the United States. ed, tempered or just plain float glass. In At Cardinal, we try to every case, our solutions maintain a clear vision: always incorporate the design and fabricate the latest applied glass most advanced glass science. products in the industry. To sustain that vision, we invest heavily in research and development. Our twin R&D centers in Minnesota and Wisconsin provide the basis for new advances in glazing fen - estration. Cover Photos and pages 1 & 2: Marina Bay Project: Singapore Glass Product: Loå 3-366 Project size: 35,000 Sq meters Architect: Moshe Safdie and Associates. Energy Terminology U-Value between 0 and 1, the smaller The heat flow rate through a the number, the better the given construction is expressed glazing is at preventing solar in Btu/hr/ft 2/°F (W/m 2/°C) The gain. It is preferred over the lower the U-Value, the less heat shading coefficient since it can be is transmitted through the glaz - used for solar incidence angles ing material. Values given for other than normal to the glass surface. summer daytime are calculated for outside air temperature at Relative-Heat Gain (RHG) 89°F (32°C), outside air velocity The total amount of heat gain at 7.5 mph (12 km/h), inside air through a glazing system at temperature of 75°F (24°C) and NFRC/ASHRAE specified sum - a solar intensity of 248 mer conditions, incorporating Btu/(hr)/(ft 2) (790 W/m 2). Winter the U-Value and the Solar Heat nighttime U-Values are calcu - Gain Coefficient. The conditions lated for outside air tempera - are 230 Btu/hr/ft 2 (726 W/m2), ture at 0°F (-18°C), outside air outdoor temperature of 89°F velocity at 15 mph (24km/h), (32°C), indoor temperature of and a solar intensity of 0 75°F (24°C) and 7.5 mph (12 Btu/hr/ft 2 (0 W/m 2). km/hr) wind. [RHG = U sum - mer x (89-75) + SHGC x (230)]. R-Value Expressed in terms of Btu/hr/ft 2. Thermal resistance of a glazing system expressed in Ultraviolet Light Hr•ft 2•F/Btu. It is the reciprocal In the solar spectrum (300 to of U-Value, R=1/U. The higher 380 nm), ultraviolet light is con - the R-Value, the less heat is sidered the energy that accounts transmitted through the glazing for the majority of fading of material. R-Values are not listed. materials and furnishings. Shading Coefficient (SC) ISO – CIE Damage Function The ratio of solar heat gain In the solar spectrum (300 to through a window to the solar 700 nm), the International heat gain through a single light Standards Organization (ISO) of 1/8” (3mm) clear glass under developed a weighting function, the same set of conditions. recommended by the Dimensionless and varying International Commission on between 0 and 1, the smaller Illumination (CIE) that takes the number, the better the win - into account not only the UV dow is at stopping the entry of transmission but also a solar heat. portion of the visible light spec - trum that can cause fading of Solar Heat Gain Coefficient materials and furnishings. (SHGC) The fraction of incident solar Krochmann Damage Function radiation which enters a build - This function attempts to ing as heat. It is based on the account for the fading potential sum of the solar energy trans - of all damaging radiation which mittance plus the inwardly flow - can be transmitted through ing fraction of absorbed solar glass. It covers a spectral range energy on all lites of the glazing. from about 300 to 600 nm and Dimensionless and varying 3 weighs each wavelength in relation to the potential damage it can cause to typical materials. Visible Light Transmission In the visible spectrum (380 to 760 nm), the percentage of light that is transmitted through the glass relative to the C.I.E. Standard Observer. Outdoor Visible Light Reflectance In the visible spectrum, the percentage of light that is reflected from the glass surface(s) relative to the C.I.E. Standard Observer. Visible Indoor Reflectance The percentage of visible light that is reflected from the glass surface(s) to the inside of the building. It is better to have a low visible indoor reflectance to enhance visibility when viewing objects outdoors in overcast or nighttime sky conditions. Solar Energy Transmittance In the solar spectrum (300 to 2500 Inch-Pound-to-Metric Conversion Factors nm), the percentage of ultravio - let, visible and near infrared TO CONVERT INCH-POUND TO METRIC MULTIPLY BY energy that is transmitted through the glass. Inches (in) Millimeters (mm) 25.4 Solar Energy Reflectance Feet (ft) Meters (m) 0.305 In the solar spectrum, the per - 2 2 centage of solar energy that is Square inches (in ) Square millimeters (mm ) 645 reflected from the glass surface(s). Square feet (ft 2) Square meters (m 2) 0.093 Pounds (lb) Kilograms (kg) 0.453 LSG Light to solar gain ratio. The Pounds force (lbf) Newtons (N) 4.45 ratio of visible light transmit - Pounds force/in (lbf/in) Newtons/meter (N/m) 175 tance to solar heat gain Pounds force/inch 2 (lbf/in 2) Kilopascals (kPa) 6.89 coefficient. Pounds force/feet 2 (lbf/ft 2) Kilopascals (kPa) 0.048 Btu/hr Watts (W) 0.293 Btu/hr/ft 2/°F W/m 2/°C 5.678 Btu/hr/ft 2 W/m 2 3.15 Project: Al Babtain Cultural Waqf Tower Location: Kuwait City, Kuwait Glass Product: Loå 2- 270 Architect/ Consultant: Gulf Consults Glazing Contractor: Yuanda Alum + Gulf Glass Industries Cardinal Coated Energy- Efficient Glass Goes Far Beyond Ordinary Low-e Glass Low Emissivity Coatings Loå Coatings applied to glass which reflect long wave room side infrared energy back into the room reducing the U-Value. Emissivity varies from HIGH SOLAR GAIN GLASS 0 to 1 and the lower the emissivity, [One silver layer] the lower the resultant U-Value. Cardinal Loå-180 ® is the Loå 2 Second generation of Loå coat - perfect cold remedy. Ideal ings which provide a high visible light for passive solar applica - transmission while offering a signifi - tions, it allows winter sun’s cant decrease in solar heat gain heat to pass into the home coefficient and shading coefficient. while blocking heat loss to These products have two silver the outside. layers in the coating stack. Loå3 Third generation of Lo å coat - ings which provide the best solar heat gain coefficient and shading coefficient with a high visible light transmission. These products have three silver layers in the coating stack. 5 For years, Cardinal Loå glass has been setting the standard for energy-efficient glass. Our patented, state-of-the-art sputtered coatings are unmatched by any other glass manufacturer. Our high transmission coatings are virtually clear, blocking the heat and reducing solar gain, while optimizing light transmission. In fact, our Loå 2 and Loå 3 coatings actually outperform the tinted glass often used in warm climates. In addition, because our coated glass transmits more natural light and reduces solar gain, you may be able to reduce both lighting and air conditioning electrical loads. ALL CLIMATE GLASS ALL CLIMATE SOLAR ULTIMATE PERFORMANCE GLASS GLARE CONTROL GLASS CONTROL GLASS [Two silver layers] [Three silver layers] [Two silver layers] [Two silver layers] Cardinal Loå 2-272 ® glass (pro - Where additional solar control The new standard, Loå 3-366 ® Wherever glare is a problem, nounced low-e squared 272) is required, with very little (low-e cubed 366) delivers the Loå 2-240 ® is a smart solution. It’s delivers year-round perform - sacrifice in visibility, Loå 2-270 ® perfect balance of solar control a specially treated version of our ance and comfort, whether it’s is the ideal choice. Its patent - and high visibility - with no Loå 2-240 glass that not only -20°F (-29°C) or 110°F (43°C) ed coating blocks 86% of the room-darkening tints and controls glare but also blocks in the shade. In winter, it sun’s infrared heat and 86% of virtually no exterior reflectance. oppressive solar heat gain and reflects heat back into the the sun’s harmful UV rays. It provides the highest levels of maintains cool indoor glass room. In summer, it rejects year-round comfort and energy temperatures. Regular tinted the sun’s heat and damaging savings, making it the perfect glass works by absorbing sun - UV rays.
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