Jefferson, Grade 4 ENG)

Wk 8 5/11/20-5/15/20 E-Learning Days-(Jefferson, Grade 4 ENG)

Student Name:______(School Name): ______➔ Students should choose at least o ne activity from each subject area column (Math, Reading/Social Science, Writing, Science, and Specials) per day. ➔ Place a checkmark on the activities completed and have a parent/caregiver sign the bottom of the form. ➔ Students - please return this sheet to your teacher w ithin 3 days upon your return to school. ➔ Read 20 minutes a day on myOn ➔ Have Questions in Any Assignment? Visit us during our video conference office hours! Mrs. Sklar Office Hours: 8-10 am M-F; 5:00-5:30 pm M/W Mrs. Deloney’s Oﬃce Hours: 12pm- 2pm M-F Mrs. Martin’s Oﬃce Hours: 9-11 am M-F

Math Reading/Social Studies Writing/Word Work Science Specials

Monday: Monday: Monday: Monday: Music: GoMath 12.8 In the A nimal Senses Choose an animal or plant Watch the S tructures and Classical Vs. World Time/Elapsed Time pg. e-book review the Glossary that you would like to Functions video to learn Listen and follow along with the 685-687 words on p. 30 research. how animals and plants video teaching you a song and survive dance from the M aori culture Then read Tongues for Begin a nimal adaptation called E po I Tai Tai E. Anytime this week: Tasting pp. 18-21 research graphic Complete the G enius Practice rounding in this organizer. Challenge: Structures of Kahoot challenge. (or read the Animal Senses Living Things text only version in packet) adaptation: (noun) a There is no “timer” so take change in a plant or animal all the time you need on Complete the Test Your that makes it better able to each problem to achieve Tastebuds experiment on live in a particular place or the highest score possible. p. 19 situation

Top 5 winners announced in Google Classroom this weekend! Tuesday: Tuesday: Tuesday: Tuesday: Art: GoMath 12.8 In the Animal Senses Continue your animal Time/Elapsed Time e-book read Touch and research Watch the f our videos Draw a city that is made of your Homework pg. 689-690 Feel pp. 22-25 about Extreme Plants: favorite foods.

Reteach and Enrich (or read the Animal Senses rafflesia, giant sequoia, Dibuja una ciudad que está text only version in packet) creosote bush and hecho de tus comidas favoritas. Amazon water lily On notebook paper: How do star-nosed moles hunt for food? Explain using details from the text.

Wednesday: Wednesday: Wednesday: Wednesday: P.E.: GoMath 12.9 Time and In the Animal Senses Continue your animal Step 1: Elapsed time pg. 691-693 e-book read Power of research Re-Watch the four videos Minute to Win It Challenge! Information pp. 26-27 about Extreme Plants: How many can you do of each (or read the Animal Senses rafflesia, giant sequoia, challenge in 1 minute? text only version in packet) creosote bush and Amazon water lily

Step 2: Read the E xtreme Plants article Social Emotional Learning: Suggested Social Emotional Step 3: Learning Activities Using evidence from both the video and the text, explain how the structure(s) of one of the extreme plants helps it survive.

Thursday: Thursday: Thursday: Thursday Health: GoMath 12.9 Time and In the Animal Senses Continue your animal Read T he Meeting Read the following article titled Elapsed time Homework e-book research “Heart Murmurs” and then do pg. 695-696 On notebook paper: the H eart word search Think Like a Scientist pp. 28-29 Complete the 3 Sleuth Work questions Using paper, scissors, music and tape:

Record results for steps 1-6 on M y Senses STEM chart

Then answer the questions in steps 3-6 on notebook paper.

Write in complete sentences.

Friday: Friday: Friday: Friday: Technology: If extra help is needed: Curl up with a great book! Continue your animal complete GoMath Reteach research Complete the P olar Bear Google Interland: 12.8 and 1 2.9 Experiment https://beinternetawesome.wit ------Next week you will be hgoogle.com/en_us/interland Challenge: Complete designing a Google GoMath 1 2.8 p. 688; 1 2.9 Slideshare to highlight your Use the website above to p. 694 animal research! explore 4 different islands to learn more about digital If you’d like, you may citizenship. present to your classmates in our Google Meet!

Parent/Caregiver Signature ______Date ______Días de aprendizaje en internet - ( Nombre de la escuela y grado)

Nombre del Estudiante:______(Nombre de la Escuela)______➔ Los estudiantes deben escoger al menos u na actividad de cada columna de materias (matemáticas, lectura/ ciencias sociales, escritura, ciencias y especiales) cada día. ➔ Coloca una marca de verificación en las actividades completadas y haz que tu padre/madre/tutor firme la parte inferior del formulario. ➔ Estudiante: por favor devuelva esta hoja a tu maestro/a dentro de los 3 días siguientes de tu día de regreso a la escuela.

Matemáticas Lectura/Ciencias Escritura/Trabajo de Ciencias Especiales Sociales palabras

Música: Clásico vs.mundo Escuchar y seguirjunto con el video que la enseñanza de una canción y la danza de la c ultura maorí llamada EPO I Tai TaiE .

Arte: Dibuja una ciudad que está hecho de tus comidas favoritas.

Educación física.:

ABC Fitness

¡Elija una palabra de las fundaciones y deletree la palabra con ejercicios!

Aprendizaje social y emocional: Actividades de aprendizaje social y emocional sugeridas

Salud:

Tecnología:

Firma del padre/madre/tutor______Fecha ______Lesson 12.8 Name

Units of Time Measurement and Data—4.MD.A.1 Essential Question How can you use models to compare units of time? Also 4.MD.A.2 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES MP1, MP5, MP7

UnlockUnlock thethe ProblemProblem

The analog clock below has an hour hand, a minute hand, and a second hand to measure time. The time is 4:30:12. • Are there more minutes or seconds in one hour?

11 12 1 10 2 Read 4:30:12 as 4:30 9 3 and 12 seconds, or 30 8 4 minutes and 12 seconds 7 6 5 after 4.

There are 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour. The clocks show how far the hands move for each length of time.

1111 1212 1 1111 1122 1 1111 1212 1 1111 1212 1 1100 2 1100 2 1100 2 1010 2 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5 7 6 5

Start Time: 3:00:00 1 second elapses. 1 minute, or 60 seconds, 1 hour, or 60 minutes, elapses. The second hand elapses. The minute hand The time is now 3:00:01. has made a full turn has made a full turn clockwise. clockwise.

The time is now 3:01:00. The time is now 4:00:00.

Example 1 How does the size of an hour compare to the size of a second? There are _ minutes in an hour.

There are _ seconds in a minute. Think: Multiply the number × = of minutes in an hour by the 60 minutes _ _ seconds number of seconds in a minute. There are _ seconds in a hour. Math MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 1 So, 1 hour is _ times as long as 1 second. Talk Analyze How many full turns clockwise does a minute hand © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company make in 3 hours? Explain.

Chapter 12 685 Example 2 Compare measures.

Larissa spent 2 hours on her science project. Cliff spent 200 minutes on his science project. Who spent more time?

STEP 1 Make a table that relates hours and STEP 2 Compare 2 hours and 200 minutes. minutes. 2 hours 200 minutes

Hours Minutes Think: Write 160 each measure in minutes and 2 compare using <, >, or =. 3 __ ● __

2 hours is _ than 200 minutes.

So, _ spent more time than __ on the science project.

Activity Compare the length of a week to the length of a day. Materials ■ color pencils The number line below shows the relationship between days and weeks.

STEP 1 Use a color pencil to shade 1 week on the number line.

Weeks 01

Days 0 1 2 3 4 5 67

STEP 2 Use a different color pencil to shade 1 day on the number line.

STEP 3 Compare the size of 1 week to the size of 1 day. There are _ days in _ week. So, 1 week is _ times as long as 1 day. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

686 Name

MATHMMATH Units of Time ShareShare and and Show Shhhowhow BOARDB 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds (s) = 1. Compare the length of a year to the length of a month. 1 hour (hr) 60 minutes 1 day (d) = 24 hours Use a model to help. 1 week (wk) = 7 days 1 year (yr) = 12 months (mo) 1 year (yr) = 52 weeks Years 01 Math Months 0 1 2 3 4 5 6789 101112 Talk MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 4 Use Models Explain how the number line helped you compare 1 year is _ times as long as _ month. the length of a year and the length of a month. Complete. 2. 2 minutes = _ seconds 3. 4 years = _ months

OnOn YourYour OwnOwn

Complete. 4. 3 minutes = _ seconds 5. 4hours= _ minutes

MATHEMATICAL 4 > < = PRACTICE Use Symbols Algebra Compare using , , or . 6. 3 years ● 35 months 7. 2 days ● 40 hours

Oqnakdl Rnkuhmf ¤ @ookhb`shnmrOqnakdl Rnkuhmf ¤ @ookhb`shnmr

8. DEEPER Damien has lived in the apartment building for Years Weeks

5 years. Ken has lived there for 250 weeks. Who has lived in the 1 building longer? Explain. Make a table to help. 2

4 9. SMARTER How many hours are in a week? Explain. 5

Chapter 12 • Lesson 8 687 Practice and Homework Name Lesson 12.8 Units of Time COMMON CORE STANDARD—4.MD.A.1 Solve problems involving measurement and conversion of measurements from a larger unit to a smaller unit. Complete.

1. 6 minutes = __360 seconds Think: 1 minute = 60 seconds, so 6 minutes = 6 3 60 seconds, or 360 seconds

= = 2. 5 weeks __ days 3. 3 years __ weeks

4. 9 hours = __ minutes 5. 9 minutes = __ seconds

Compare using ,, ., or 5. 6. 2 years 14 months 7. 3 hours 300 minutes

8. 2 days 48 hours 9. 6 years 300 weeks

ProblemProblem SolvingSolving

10. Jody practiced a piano piece for 500 seconds. 11. Yvette’s younger brother just turned 3 years Bill practiced a piano piece for 8 minutes. old. Fred’s brother is now 30 months old. Who practiced longer? Explain. Whose brother is older? Explain.

12. WRITE Math Explain how you can prove that 3 weeks is less than 24 days.

Chapter 12 689 Lesson Check (4.MD.A.1) 1. Glen rode his bike for 2 hours. For how 2. Tina says that vacation starts in many minutes did Glen ride his bike? exactly 4 weeks. In how many days does vacation start?

Spiral Review (4.NF.B.3b, 4.NF.C.5, 4.MD.A.1, 4.MD.A.2)

_9 3. Kayla bought 4 pounds of apples. What is 4. Judy, Jeff, and Jim each earned $5.40 raking that weight as a mixed number? leaves. How much did they earn together?

___54 5. Melinda rode her bike 100 mile to the library. 6. One day, the students drank 60 quarts of __4 milk at lunch. How many pints of milk did Then she rode 10 mile to the store. How far did Melinda ride her bike in all? Write your the students drink? answer as a decimal.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Harcourt Publishing Mifflin © Houghton FOR MORE PRACTICE GO TO THE 690 Personal Math Trainer MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES COMMUNICA5&t1&34E7&3&tCONSTRUCT ARGUMENTS

MATHEMATICAL 10. PRACTICE 5 Communicate Explain how you know that 9 minutes is less than 600 seconds.

11. SMARTER Draw lines to match equivalent time intervals. Some intervals might not have a match.

1 hour 2 hours 5 hours 12 hours 48 hours • ••• •

• • ••• 2 days 120 minutes 4 days 3,600 seconds 300 minutes

One day is the length of time it takes Earth to make one complete rotation. One year is the time it takes Earth to WRITE Math t Show Your Work revolve around the sun. To make the calendar match Earth’s orbit time, there are leap years. Leap years add one extra day to the year. A leap day, February 29, is added to the calendar every four years.

1 year = 365 days 1 leap year = 366 days

12. How many days are there in 4 years, if the fourth Years Days year is a leap year? Explain. Make a table to help. 1

3 13. Parker was born on February 29, 2008. The second time he is able 4 to celebrate on his actual birthday is in 2016. How many days old will Parker be on February 29, 2016? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

688 PROBLEM SOLVING Name Lesson 12.9 Problem Solving • Elapsed Time Essential Question How can you use the strategy draw a diagram to Measurement and Data—4.MD.A.2 solve elapsed time problems? Also 4.MD.A.1 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES MP3, MP5, MP8 UnlockUnlock thethe ProblemProblem

Dora and her brother Kyle spent 1 hour and 35 minutes doing yard work. Then they stopped for lunch at 1:20 p.m. At what time did they start doing yard work?

Use the graphic organizer to help you solve the problem.

Read the Problem

What do I need to find? What information do I How will I use the need to use? information?

I need to find the time I need to use the I can draw a time line to help that Dora and Kyle me count backward and find ______. and the time that they the __.

____.

Solve the Problem

I draw a time line that shows the end time 1:20 p.m. Next, I count backward 1 hour and then 5 minutes at a time until I have 35 minutes. 1 hour 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 min min min min min min min

11:45 A.M. 12:00 12:30 P.M. 1:00 P.M. 1:20 P.M. Start Time noon End Time So, Dora and her brother Kyle started doing yard work at __.

1. What if Dora and Kyle spent 50 minutes doing yard work and they stopped for lunch at 12:30 p.m.? What time would they have started doing yard work?

Chapter 12 691 Try Another Problem

Ben started riding his bike at 10:05 a.m. He stopped 23 minutes later when his friend Robbie asked him to play kickball. At what time did Ben stop riding his bike?

Read the Problem

What do I need to find? What information do I How will I use the need to use? information?

Solve the Problem

10:05 A.M. 10:10 A.M. 10:15 A.M. 10:20 A.M. 10:25 A.M. 10:30 A.M.

2. How did your diagram help you solve the problem? Math Talk MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES 1 Describe another way you could find the time an activity started or ended given the elapsed time and either the start or end time. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

692 Name Unlock the Problem √ MATHMMATH Use the Problem Solving MathBoard. ShareShare and and Show Shhhowhow BOARDB √ Choose a strategy you know. √ Underline important facts. 1. Evelyn has dance class every Saturday. It lasts 1 hour and 15 minutes and is over at 12:45 p.m. At what time does Evelyn’s dance class begin? First, write the problem you need to solve.

Next, draw a time line to show the end time and the elapsed time.

11:00 A.M. 12:00 1:00 P.M. noon

Finally, find the start time. Evelyn’s dance class begins at __ .

2. SMARTER What if Evelyn’s dance class started at 11:00 a.m. and lasted 1 hour and 25 minutes? At what time would her class end? Describe how this problem is different from Problem 1.

3. Beth got on the bus at 8:06 a.m. 4. Lyle went fishing for 1 hour and Thirty-five minutes later, she arrived 30 minutes until he ran out of bait • Image Credits: (t) ©David Fischer/Getty Images (t) ©David Fischer/Getty • Image Credits: at school. At what time did Beth arrive at 6:40 p.m. At what time did Lyle at school? start fishing?

Chapter 12 • Lesson 9 693 Practice and Homework Name Lesson 12.9 Problem Solving • Elapsed Time COMMON CORE STANDARD—4.MD.A.2 Solve problems involving measurement and conversion of measurements from a larger unit to a smaller unit.

Read each problem and solve.

1. Molly started her piano lesson at 3:45 p.m. The lesson lasted 20 minutes. What time did the 5 min 10 min 15 min 20 min piano lesson end?

Think: What do I need to find? 3:45 P.M. 3:50 P.M. 3:55 P.M. 4:00 P.M. 4:05 P.M. How can I draw a diagram Start Time End Time to help?

______4:05 P.M.

2. Brendan spent 24 minutes playing a computer game. He stopped playing at 3:55 p.m and went outside to ride his bike. What time did he start playing the computer game?

______

3. Aimee’s karate class lasts 1 hour and 15 minutes and is over at 5:00 p.m. What time does Aimee’s karate class start?

______

4. Mr. Giarmo left for work at 7:15 a.m. Twenty-five minutes later, he arrived at his work. What time did Mr. Giarmo arrive at his work?

______

5. WRITE Math Explain why it is important to know if a time is in the a.m. or in the p.m. when figuring out how much time has elapsed.

Chapter 12 695 Lesson Check (4.MD.A.2) 1. Bobbie went snowboarding with friends at 2. The Cain family drove for 1 hour and 10:10 a.m. They snowboarded for 1 hour 15 minutes and arrived at their camping and 43 minutes, and then stopped to eat spot at 3:44 p.m. What time did the Cain lunch. What time did they stop for lunch? family start driving?

Spiral Review (4.NF.B.4b, 4.NF.C.5, 4.MD.A.1, 4.MD.A.2) 3. A praying mantis can grow up to 4. Thom’s minestrone soup recipe makes 15 centimeters long. How long is 3 liters of soup. How many milliliters of this in millimeters? soup is this?

_2 5. Stewart walks 3 mile each day. List three 6. Angelica colored in 0.60 of the squares _2 multiples of 3 . on her grid. Write 0.60 as tenths in fraction form.

OnOn YourYour OwnOwn

5. Mike and Jed went skiing at 10:30 a.m. They skied for 1 hour and 55 minutes before stopping for lunch. At what time did Mike and Jed stop for lunch?

6. DEEPER Mike can run a mile in 12 minutes. He starts his run at 11:30 am. and runs 4 miles. What time does Mike finish his run?

MATHEMATICAL 7. PRACTICE 5 Communicate Explain how you can WRITE Math use a diagram to determine the start time when Show Your Work the end time is 9:00 a.m. and the elapsed time is 26 minutes. What is the start time?

8. SMARTER Bethany finished her math homework at 4:20 p.m. She did 25 multiplication problems in all. If each problem took her 3 minutes to do, at what time did Bethany start her math homework?

9. SMARTER Vincent began his weekly chores on Saturday morning at 11:20 a.m. He finished 1 hour and 10 minutes later. Draw a time line to show the end time.

11:00 A.M. 12:00 1:00 P.M. noon

Vincent finished his chores at __ p.m. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

694 Lesson 12.8 Name Reteach

Units of Time

Some analog clocks have an hour hand, a minute hand, and a second hand. 12 11 1 minute hand There are 60 seconds in a minute. The hour hand 10 2 second hand makes 1 full turn every minute. 9 3 There are 60 minutes in an hour. The minute 8 4 second hand 7 5 hand makes 1 full turn every hour. The hour 6 hand makes 1 full turn every 12 hours.

You can think of the clock as unrolling to become a number line.

hours 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

The hour hand moves from one number to the next in 1 hour.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 minutes 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 The minute hand moves from one number to the next in 5 minutes.

Use the table at the right to change between units of time. Units of Time 1 hour 5 60 minutes, or 60 3 60 seconds, or 1 minute 5 60 seconds 3,600 seconds. 1 hour 5 60 minutes 1 day 5 24 hours So, 1 hour is 3,600 times as long as 1 second. 1 week 5 7 days 1 day 5 24 hours, so 3 days 5 3 3 24 hours, or 1 year 5 12 months 72 hours. 1 year 5 52 weeks 1 year 5 12 months, so 5 years 5 5 3 12 months, or 60 months.

Complete.

1. 3 hours 5 minutes 2. 2 years 5 weeks

3. 6 days 5 hours 4. 5 weeks 5 days

5. 8 minutes 5 seconds 6. 7 years 5 months

Chapter Resources 12-19 Reteach © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Lesson 12.9 Name Reteach

Problem Solving • Elapsed Time

Opal finished her art project at 2:25P .M. She spent 50 minutes working on her project. What time did she start working on her project? Read the Problem What do I need What information do I need to How will I use the information? to find? use?

2:25 P.M. I can draw a diagram of a clock. I need to find End time: I can then count back 5 minutes at Opal’s start time. Elapsed time: 50 minutes a time until I reach 50 minutes. Solve the Problem

I start by showing 2:25 P.M. on the clock. 25 min Then I count back 50 minutes by 5s. 30 min 20 min 35 min 11 12 1 15 min Think: As I count back, I go past the 12. 10 2 The hour must be 1 hour less than the ending time. 40 min 9 3 10 min The hour will be 1 o’clock . 8 4 45 min 7 5 5 min .M. 6 So, Opal started on her project at 1:35 P . 50 min

Draw hands on the clock to help you solve the problem.

5 min 1. Bill wants to be at school at 8:05 A.M. It takes him 10 min 20 minutes to walk to school. At what time should 15 min 11 12 1 Bill leave his house? 10 2 20 min 9 3 8 4 Bill should leave his house at . 7 6 5

2. 5 min Mr. Gleason’s math class lasts 40 minutes. 10 min A.M. Math class starts at 9:55 At what time does 11 12 1 15 min math class end? 10 2 9 3 20 min 8 4 Math class ends at . 7 6 5 25 min 40 min 30 min 35 min

3. 12 Hannah rode her bike for 1 hour and 15 minutes until 11 1 1 hr she got a flat tire at 2:30 P.M. What time did Hannah 10 2 9 3 start riding her bike? 8 4 7 6 5 15 min Hannah started riding her bike at . 10 min 5 min

Chapter Resources 12-21 Reteach © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Life Life

Animal Senses Life Animal Life Senses Life Smell, sight, sound, touch, and Animal taste…these are our senses. They help us understand the world around us. But what Life Senses about animals? Can cats taste ice cream? Can fish hear sounds underwater? Learn more about how animals sense the world around them.

Buchanan LIFE SCIENCE Life ® TCM 21678 Lexile 780L Shelly C. Buchanan Animal Senses

Shelly C. Buchanan, M.S. Consultant Leann Iacuone, M.A.T., NBCT, ATC Riverside Unified School District

Publishing Credits Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed., Publisher Conni Medina, M.A.Ed., Managing Editor Diana Kenney, M.A.Ed., NBCT, Senior Editor Dona Herweck Rice, Series Developer of Contents Robin Erickson, Multimedia Designer Table Timothy Bradley, Illustrator Amazing Abilities...... 4

Eyes Have It...... 6

Hear Ye! Hear Ye!...... 10

Whose Nose Knows? ...... 14 Image Credits: Cover, p. 1 Shutterstock; pp. 3, 4, 9, 18, 19, 20, 24,25, 26, 31, 32 iStock; pp. 17, 27 Juniors Bildarchiv GmbH / Alamy; p. 23 Karl H. Switak / Science Source; p. 17 MOB IMAGES / Alamy; 19 Omikron / Science Tongues for Tasting...... 18 Source; 25 Rod Planck / Science Source; p. 6 Stephen Frink Collection / Alamy; p. 21 The Natural History Museum / Alamy; pp. 11, 15 Timothy J. Bradley; all other Touch & Feel...... 22 images from Shutterstock. Power of Information...... 26

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Buchanan, Shelly, author. Think Like a Scientist ...... 28 Animal senses / Shelly C. Buchanan. pages cm Summary: "Smell, sight, sound, touch, and taste . . . these are our senses. They help us understand the world Glossary ...... 30 around us. But what about animals? Do cats taste ice cream? Can fish hear sounds underwater? Which animal smells with its tongue? Learn more about how animals Index...... 31 sense the world around them."-- Provided by publisher. Audience: Grades 4 to 6. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4807-4678-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) Your Turn!...... 32 1. Senses and sensation--Juvenile literature. 2. Physiology--Juvenile literature. 3. Animals--Juvenile literature. I. Title. QP431.B78 2016 573.8'7--dc23 2014045243

Teacher Created Materials 5301 Oceanus Drive Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030 http://www.tcmpub.com ISBN 978-1-4807-4678-7 © 2016 Teacher Created Materials, Inc. 3 Amazing Abilities A Stellar Skill Set The hammerhead shark is a fearsome hunter. Have you ever wished you could smell an apple pie from miles When a shark’s around, every ocean animal is on high alert. away? What if you could use your feet to listen to your favorite song on the radio? Well, grizzly bears can smell a dead animal up to 20 kilometers (12 miles) away! And African elephants can use their feet to feel vibrations over 10 km (6 mi .) away! But don’t despair . Even though you can’t do those things, you have something in common with these animals . Humans have five senses . We use our noses to smell food, and our mouths taste it . We use our hands to touch and feel if objects are sharp or soft . Our ears let us hear if danger is coming or if someone is singing a song . Our eyes let us see how amazing our world is . We use 270 degrees our senses to take in information about the world . Our brains process this information, and then our bodies respond to it . Our five senses help us understand and live in the world . Our senses have adapted to receive the information we need most .

A grizzly bearÕs sense of smell is seven times better than a bloodhoundÕs.

Most animals have the same five senses . Some even have more! But animals live in environments very different from our own . So their senses have developed to help them survive where they live . The results are amazing!

4 5 Eyes Have It Sight is the most powerful human sense . We use it to move through the world during our waking hours . Most animals enjoy the use of sight, too! They use this sense to capture prey, escape predators, find mates, and move around . This all sounds familiar, right? Many animals, however, see the world very differently than we do . To see, we open our eyes and move them in their sockets . But birds’ eyes work differently . They don’t move at all . To see beyond what’s right in front of them, birds move their necks instead of their eyes . Owls can turn their heads around 270 degrees. They This is how they increase their can turn their heads almost field of vision . And this is completely upside down! why birds have twice as many bones in their necks as we do . Some animals, like the horse, have eyes on the sides of their heads . They don’t need to turn their heads to see what’s behind them . This helps them detect danger . Seeing Things Differently Chameleons have eyelids that cover most of their eye with only a small hole for them to see through. Not only do these eyes have a 360-degree field of vision that allows them to see in every direction, Shrimp Shades but they can also move on their own. The chameleon can look forward with The mantis shrimp sees one eye…and backward with life differently than people the other! do. Not only can it see more colors than people but it can also see heat and ultraviolet light. 6 7 Most predatory animals, such as wolves, have eyes at the front of their head, which allow them to see straight ahead . This is called binocular vision . Both eyes look at the same thing, at the same time . The shape of an animal’sThe eyes Perfectoften reflects Pupil? where it lives, when it is active, This placement of the eyes is especially suited for predators who are and what it’s looking for. attempting to capture prey . Other animals, like rabbits, have eyes on the sides of their heads . This allows them to have a wider field of vision so A long, thin dark line lies at the center of a nocturnal gecko’s eye. A they can see incoming predators . This is called monocular vision . One small slit blocks out sunlight so these eye sees one view and the other eye sees another view . creatures aren’t blinded during the day. The shape of their pupil gives Some animals, like cats and owls, are able to see better in the dark them clearer vision—like a sharp TV screen. At night, their pupils expand than humans do . These animals are nocturnal . They sleep in the day to let in more light. and are awake at night . Their eyes have adapted to the dark so they can hunt prey . Most animals have two kinds of cells in their eyes: rods and cones . The rods are good for seeing in the dark . The cones are good for seeing color . Cats and owls have more rods than cones . They see well in the dark . But they don’t see much color . Owls have big, round pupils. Since owls are Rods and Cones active at night, they need to be able to see Dogs have more rods than cones in their eyes. in the dark. They’re missing the cones to see certain colors—so they can’t see red or bright green! The pupil grows larger at night to let in light. Their large eyes are filled with rods, so they can see and hunt in the dark. During the day, owls usually keep their eyes half closed.

human’s vision dog’s vision 8 9 Hear Ye! Hear Ye!

Roar! The living world is a noisy place. People use sound to Many animals can hear communicate and share ideas. We sing, laugh, and shout. Just sounds that are too low or like humans, many animals are very sensitive to sound. They use too high for our ears. Have it to detect approaching predators, locate food and water, and you ever heard a dog bark communicate with other animals. Sound is made up of waves of for no apparent reason? It energy moving through air, water, and other objects. Animals sense probably heard something this energy as vibrations they feel or sounds they hear. you couldn’t. Many animals Animal ears come in all shapes and sizes in order to hear certain can also move their ears in vibrations. There are teeny-tiny feather-covered holes on birds and several directions. This allows gigantic earflaps on elephants. It’s important for rabbits to hear if them to better direct sounds into a predator is coming, so they have very long ears. Jackrabbit ears their ears—and to their brains. measure half the length of the rabbit’s body. Ears can be found in some unusual places, too. Some insects, such as crickets, have ears on their legs. Some, such as hawk moths, have ears in their mouths!

outer cat´s ear ear Keep Your Balance A cat has canals in its ears lined with hairs and liquid. The liquid in the canals allows the cat to inner know which direction it’s facing, ear even if it’s upside down! Its To help them hear, fish use ears, combined with its flexible small hairs on their scales spine, allow it to land on its feet (shown here magnified) to after most falls. feel the pressure in water created by sound waves.

middle 10 ear 11 For some animals, hearing is even more important than seeing . A High-Pitched Hello Bats hunt for food at night . They catch most of the insects they eat Sound is measured in waves per second. One unit is called a hertz (Hz). People in the air . Despite poor eyesight, these creatures spin and swerve hear sounds between 20 and 20,000 Hz. nimbly . They avoid obstacles like trees and wires as they speed after Dolphins hear the highest sounds. They their prey . Echolocation (ek-oh-loh-KEY-shuhn) helps bats know hear up to 150,000 Hz! where they are and what’s around them . Bats give off sound too high for people to hear . This sound bounces off nearby objects and animals . The echo helps bats know what’s around, including their prey . They can even hear an echo bouncing off a mosquito’s wing! Dolphins and whales use echolocation, too . These ocean creatures send out whistles, squeaks, and clicks . Dolphins and whales have two to three times more nerves in their ears than humans . This allows them to be super-listeners . They hear sounds we can’t . The clicks made by sperm whales are the loudest and deepest made by any animal . The sounds bounce off obstacles, fish, and other creatures . These creatures of the deep use echolocation to travel, hunt, and avoid danger .

Playing Catch Bats have ears shaped like funnels to help them catch the sound produced when they echolocate. They also have a flap in their ear to direct the sound. It’s like a baseball glove for sound!

Sound travels at about 344 meters (376 yards) per second.

12 13 Whose Nose Dogs have highly sensitiveA Sensitive noses that can Sniffer be trained to find many Knows? things from bees to DVDs to cancer. How do they do it? For many animals, a keen sense of smell is a matter of life or death. A scent in the air or water carries a lot of information. Even in very small amounts, chemicals that make up an odor can be helpful. Animals use their sniffers to locate food or prey. They also use their noses to avoid predators. The right scent can even help animals find a mate. There are some amazing noses in the animal kingdom. Consider an elephant’s nose. It averages 2 meters (6.5 feet) in length! This terrific trunk is a super-sniffer. It also doubles as a useful tool. It can hold gallons of water and pick up heavy tree limbs. Male moths boast one of the greatest senses of smell. They use their antennae to notice female moths up to six miles away. An octopus uses its tentacles to smell. A catfish uses its whiskers to “sniff” around. A snake The human brain is 10 times uses its tongue to larger than a dogÕs brain. But a grab scent particles dog has an olfactory bulb that right out of the air! is 3 times larger than a humanÕs. male moth 14 15 You probably talk to or e-mail your friends to see how they’re doing . Other animals use scents You might ask them questions, listen, and look at them . But do you like a party invitation . When ever sniff your friends to catch up? This is one way animals talk to one one ant finds food, the whole another . They send and receive information through smell . Think of a gang is invited! Ants pass skunk . When you or other animals catch a whiff, the skunk’s message scent messages to one another comes through loud and clear: stay away! A skunk’s scent serves as a with their antennae . They powerful form of communication and protection . also leave a trail of scent on the ground . This way, other A lot of other animals use their scent like a “Keep Out” sign, as ants can easily find the feast . well . Gorillas, foxes, and wild cats are just a few that do this . They urinate on trees or rocks to mark their territory . This lets other animals green ants know that the land is already occupied . Visitors are NOT welcome!

When a bee stings an animal or a person, it releases chemicals that other bees can smell. This lets them know there is danger in the area.

Bunting When cats rub their heads against something, it’s called Tell Me Everything bunting. This lets them Animals use smell to communicate, mark their personal scent not only with one another but also on family members, close with you, too! When you’re upset or friends, and treasured items. scared, your pet can smell it. Your It’s a kitty compliment! pets can know what mood you’re in without you having to say a word.

16 17 Tongues for Tasting

What are your favorite foods? Why is it that you enjoy some foods bitter more than others? It might be because of the texture of the food or the color . But you probably like it mostly because of the way it tastes . Many animals are sensitive to taste, too . Some have favorite foods . Many have foods they won’t touch . Some are so particular they’ll eat only one kind of food . Different species have different taste buds in order to better detect the food they need to eat . Some use their taste buds to help them know what to avoid . Bitterness can be a sign that a type of food is Taste It All poisonous . Sweetness can be a sign that a food will give animals a Contrary to popular belief, sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and quick jolt of energy . savory are all tastes that can be sensed by all parts of your Taste buds are sensory organs . These are the receptors that tell tongue. The only exception the brain whether a food is salty, sour, sweet, or bitter . Scientists being that the back of your tongue is especially sensitive think most animals experience tastes the same way people do . But it’s to bitter tastes. This is to urge difficult to know! people to spit out things that may be poisonous or spoiled. Test your Taste Buds People can have anywhere Meow! from 2,000 to 8,000 taste Cats can’t taste buds. Find out if you have a lot sweetness at all. or a little with a simple at home They lost this ability experiment. taste buds long ago. While your magnified kitten may lap up 1. Put two drops of blue food the water you dish coloring on your tongue and out, don’t give your swallow a few times. cat any ice cream. 2. Check your tongue to see how This favorite treat of blue it is. If it’s really blue, you humans would be have fewer taste buds. A pink wasted on cats! tongue means you have a lot! 18 19 In humans, taste buds are found on the tongue. But insects like butterflies use their feet to taste things! They walk on flowers to decide if they want the nectar. Their tongues remain neatly rolled up under their heads and then spring out to suck up nectar. These creatures taste sweetness 200 times more strongly than we do! A snake tastes things by grabbing scent particles out of the air with its tongue. It presses these particles into a space on the roof of its mouth. This nook, called Jacobson’s organ, sends a message to its brain with the scent information. Humans have 2 to 8 thousand taste buds on their tongues. A carnivore has fewer. For instance, a lion has about 470. It eats a simple diet of meat and more meat. It doesn’t need to have a wide range of tastes. And the few foods this animal does eat tend to be pretty safe. An omnivore has more taste buds. A pig clocks in at 15,000. It needs to find a wider variety of food. An herbivore has the most taste buds. A cow has 25,000! It needs to locate a lot of different flavors to meet its dietary needs. An herbivore also tends to have more taste buds so it can detect dangerous chemicals in plants.

For the Win! butterfly Catfish take the cake eye for the largest number of taste buds. They have about 175,000! They are located in the catfish’s mouth and on its skin and whiskers. With so many taste buds, the catfish can butterfly tongue find food in dark water. rolled up 20 21 Hot Lips Snakes have gaps around their Touch & Feel lips that allow them to feel nearby heat. These gaps are called heat pits. They alert the snake to You use your sense of touch to make your bed, eat a snack, write warm‑blooded prey ready for the a note, and cuddle an animal . You might also use this sense to avoid taking. Can you say “dinnertime”? danger, such as a hot stove . Most animals have developed a sense of touch for the same reasons . Their sense of touch allows them to build a home, find food, communicate, and stay safe . Animals have developed a variety of touch organs to help them survive . Walruses hunt for food by rubbing their heads in the mud . They use the whiskers around their mouths to feel for food . They can easily detect something, such as a crab or a clam, that has the right shape and texture for eating . Then, they dig in for lunch! A giant anteater can barely see . But it does have a super-nose for finding insects . When its extra-long tongue goes to work, it can extend deep inside an ant nest . The sticky saliva acts like glue . The giant anteater’s tongue can slurp up 25,000 insects a day!

giant anteater Humans arenÕt the only animals that use touch to say hello. Apes and monkeys hug and sometimes kiss when they meet one another.

22 23 An animal’s sense of touch can keep it safe and sound . Many kinds of fish swim in groups for safety . They move together like dancers . To Hunting by do this, they use their lateral line system . A fish has one lateral line on Touch each side of its body . It includes receptors that sense pressure . When Like the star-nosed a neighbor fish moves, the others can sense it in a split second . They mole, the water shrew relies entirely on touch move with it . Moving together, the fish find safety in numbers . to hunt. It doesn’t use smell, sight, or hearing Star-nosed moles are nearly blind . So, they have evolved an to guide it. Instead, its incredible sense of touch . These moles have 22 soft tentacles whiskers help it locate food underwater. surrounding their noses . These tentacles carry 25,000 touch sensors . The sensors are more sensitive than human fingers! Moles use these sensors to find their way through the dark . They hunt for food this way, too . They also use this super-sense to avoid going out into the open star-nosed mole where they might be attacked by predators . Other animals rely on being untouchable . Porcupines sport prickly spines to keep enemies away . Bees and wasps use their sharp stingers to ward off enemies . water shrew

A Tricky Touch When you touch something, electrical signals are sent to your brain. Scientists monitored monkeys’ brains and watched where signals were sent when the monkeys were touched. Then, they sent an electrical signal to that part of the brain but didn’t touch the monkeys! The monkeys reacted as if they were touched. 24 25 A Sense of Humor Power of Humor isn’t like the other senses. It doesn’t give us information about the world. But it definitely affects the way we see the world! Rats, dogs, and gorillas have all been seen Information doing something that looks very similar to laughing. And crows have even been caught playing pranks on one another! Every animal, from a tiny ant to a gigantic whale, needs to receive and process information about the world . While many animals have the same five senses as people, some have developed additional senses that are hard for us to imagine . Sights, sounds, smells, tastes, electrical pulses, and more all provide animals with information . And the brain lies at the center of it all, taking in sensory details and telling the body how to respond . The way each animal receives information and uses it may differ . That’s because the world looks, sounds, tastes, and feels different to every living thing . But every creature uses its senses to make sense of the world!

common squirrel monkey

26 27 Think Like a Scientist What to Do How does the shape of an animal’s body parts relate to its Roll the paper into a cone shape. Make abilities? Experiment and find out! 1 the smaller end fit snuggly around your ear. Tape the paper together.

2 Hold the smaller end of the cone to your ear. Plug the other ear with a finger. Listen to music.

3 Now switch the direction of the cone. What to Get Listen again. What do you notice? Experiment with different ear shapes. 4 sheets of paper 4 Next, hold two sheets of paper on music either side of your face. Try to look around without moving your head. scissors What type of animal may have vision tape similar to this?

5 Take two sheets of paper and cut long slits so you can barely see through them. Hold them up to your eyes and look around. How well can you see?

6 Cut the slits wider so you can see a bit more. How does your vision change? Experiment with different eye shapes. What animals have these eyes?

28 29 Glossary Index adapted—changed so that pupil—the small, black, round cones, 8 prey, 6, 8, 12, 14, 23 it is easier to live in a area at the center of the eye ears, 4, 10–12 rods, 8–9 particular place receptors—nerve endings echolocation, 12 sight, 6, 12, 25–26 antennae—thin, sensitive that sense changes in light, organs on the head of an temperature, pressure, etc., eyes, 4, 6–9, 21 smell, 4–5, 14–17, 25–26, 32 insect, crab, etc., which are and cause the body to react hearing, 12, 25 taste, 4, 18–20, 26 used mainly to feel and in a particular way touch things Jacobson’s organ, 20 tongue, 14, 18–22 sensors—devices that detect carnivore—a living thing that or sense heat, light, sound, noses, 4–5, 14–15, 22, 24 touch, 4, 18, 22–25 only eats meat motion, etc., and then react to it in a particular way predators, 6, 8, 10, 14, 24 cells—basic units of life vibrations—rapid motions of field of vision—the area that particles back and forth you can see without moving your eyes

herbivore—a living thing that only eats plants

omnivore—a living thing that eats both plants and animals

organs—parts of the body that have particular functions

30 31 Your Turn!

Night Lights

Next time you’re out at night, take time to listen to all the sounds around you . Smell the air . Use your hands to feel around you . Now, imagine being a nocturnal animal . Think about how you could use your senses to find food and stay safe .

32 Animal Senses by Shelly C. Buchanan, M.S.

Amazing Abilities Have you ever wished you could smell an apple pie from miles away? What if you could use your feet to listen to your favorite song on the radio? Well, grizzly bears can smell a dead animal up to 20 kilometers (12 miles) away! And African elephants can use their feet to feel vibrations over 10 km (6 mi.) away! But don’t despair. Even though you can’t do those things, you have something in common with these animals. Humans have five senses. We use our noses to smell food, and our mouths taste it. We use our hands to touch and feel if objects are sharp or soft. Our ears let us hear if danger is coming or if someone is singing a song. Our eyes let us see how amazing our world is. We use our senses to take in information about the world. Our brains process this information, and then our bodies respond to it. Our five senses help us understand and live in the world. Our senses have adapted to receive the information we need most. Most animals have the same five senses. Some even have more! But animals live in environments very different from our own. So their senses have developed to help them survive where they live. The results are amazing! Eyes Have It Sight is the most powerful human sense. We use it to move through the world during our waking hours. Most animals enjoy the use of sight, too! They use this sense to capture prey, escape predators, find mates, and move around. This all sounds familiar, right? Many animals, however see the world very differently than we do. To see, we open our eyes and move them in their sockets. But birds’ eyes work differently. They don’t move at all. To see beyond what’s right in front of them, birds move their necks instead of their eyes. This is how they increase their field of vision. And this is why birds have twice as many bones in their necks as we do. Some animals, like the horse, have eyes on the sides of their heads. They don’t need to turn their heads to see what’s behind them. This helps them detect danger. Most predatory animals, such as wolves, have eyes at the front of their head, which allow them to see straight ahead. This is called binocular vision. Both eyes look at the same thing, at the same time. This placement of the eyes is especially suited for predators who are attempting to capture prey. Other animals, like rabbits, have eyes on the sides of their heads. This allows them to have a wider field of vision so they can see incoming predators. This is called monocular vision. One eye sees one view and the other eye sees another view. Some animals, like cats and owls, are able to see better in the dark than humans do. These animals are nocturnal. They sleep in the day and are awake at night. Their eyes have adapted to the dark so they can hunt prey. Most animals have two kinds of cells in their eyes: rods and cones. The rods are good for seeing in the dark. The cones are good for seeing color. Cats and owls have more rods than cones. They see well in the dark. But they don’t see much color. Hear Ye! Hear Ye! Roar! The living world is a noisy place. People use sound to communicate and share ideas. We sing, laugh, and shout. Just like humans, many animals are very sensitive to sound. They use it to detect approaching predators, locate food and water, and communicate with other animals. Sound is made up of waves of energy moving through air, water, and other objects. Animals sense this energy as vibrations they feel or sounds they hear. Animal ears come in all shapes and sizes in order to hear certain vibrations. There are teeny-tiny feather-covered holes on birds and gigantic earflaps on elephants. It’s important for rabbits to hear if a predator is coming, so they have very long ears. Jackrabbit ears measure half the length of the rabbit’s body. Ears can be found in some unusual places, too. Some insects, such as crickets, have ears on their legs. Some, such as hawk moths, have ears in their mouths! Many animals can hear sounds that are too low or too high for our ears. Have you ever heard a dog bark for no apparent reason? It probably heard something you couldn’t. Many animals can also move their ears in several directions. This allows them to better direct sounds into their ears—and to their brains. For some animals, hearing is even more important than seeing. Bats hunt for food at night. They catch most of the insects they eat in the air. Despite poor eyesight, these creatures spin and swerve nimbly. They avoid obstacles like trees and wires as they speed after their prey. Echolocation (ek-oh-loh-KEY-shuhn) helps bats know where they are and what’s around them. Bats give off sound too high for people to hear. This sound bounces off nearby objects and animals. The echo helps bats know what’s around, including their prey. They can even hear an echo bouncing off a mosquito’s wing! Dolphins and whales use echolocation, too. These ocean creatures send out whistles, squeaks, and clicks. Dolphins and whales have two to three times more nerves in their ears than humans. This allows them to be super-listeners. They hear sounds we can’t. The clicks made by sperm whales are the loudest and deepest made by any animal. The sounds bounce off obstacles, fish and other creatures. These creatures of the deep use echolocation to travel, hunt, and avoid danger. Whose Nose Knows? For many animals, a keen sense of smell is a matter of life or death. A scent in the air or water carries a lot of information. Even in very small amounts, chemicals that make up an odor can be helpful. Animals use their sniffers to locate food or prey. They also use their noses to avoid predators. The right scent can even help animals find a mate. There are some amazing noses in the animal kingdom. Consider an elephant’s nose. It averages 2 meters (6.5 feet) in length! This terrific trunk is a super-sniffer. It also doubles as a useful tool. It can hold gallons of water and pick up heavy tree limbs. Male moths boast one of the greatest senses of smell. They use their antennae to notice female moths up to six miles away. An octopus uses its tentacles to smell. A catfish uses its whiskers to “sniff” around. A snake uses its tongue to grab scent particles right out of the air! You probably talk to or e-mail your friends to see how they’re doing. You might ask them questions, listen, and look at them. But do you ever sniff your friends to catch up? This is one way animals talk to one another. They send and receive information through smell. Think of a skunk. When you or other animals catch a whiff, the skunk’s message comes through loud and clear: stay away! A skunk’s scent serves as a powerful form of communication and protection. A lot of other animals use their scent like a “Keep Out” sign, as well. Gorillas, foxes, and wild cats are just a few that do this. They urinate on trees or rocks to mark their territory. This lets other animals know that the land is already occupied. Visitors are NOT welcome! Other animals use scents like a party invitation. When one ant finds food, the whole gang is invited! Ants pass scent messages to one another with their antennae. They also leave a trail of scent on the ground. This way, other ants can easily find the feast. Tongues for Tasting What are your favorite foods? Why is it that you enjoy some foods more than others? It might be because of the texture of the food or the color. But you probably like it mostly because of the way it tastes. Many animals are sensitive to taste, too. Some have favorite foods. Many have foods they won’t touch. Some are so particular they’ll eat only one kind of food. Different species have different taste buds in order to better detect the food they need to eat. Some use their taste buds to help them know what to avoid. Bitterness can be a sign that a type of food is poisonous. Sweetness can be a sign that a food will give animals a quick jolt of energy. Taste buds are sensory organs. These are the receptors that tell the brain whether a food is salty, sour, sweet, or bitter. Scientists think most animals experience tastes the same way people do. But it’s difficult to know! In humans, taste buds are found on the tongue. But insects like butterflies use their feet to taste things! They walk on flowers to decide if they want the nectar. Their tongues remain neatly rolled up under their heads and then spring out to suck up nectar. These creatures taste sweetness 200 times more strongly than we do! A snake tastes things by grabbing scent particles out of the air with its tongue. It presses these particles into a space on the roof of its mouth. This nook, called Jacobson’s organ, sends a message to its brain with the scent information. Humans have 2 to 8 thousand taste buds on their tongues. A carnivore has fewer. For instance, a lion has about 470. It eats a simple diet of meat and more meat. It doesn’t need to have a wide range of tastes. And the few foods this animal does eat tend to be pretty safe. An omnivore has more taste buds. A pig clocks in at 15,000. It needs to find a wider variety of food. An herbivore has the most taste buds. A cow has 25,000! It needs to locate a lot of different flavors to meet its dietary needs. An herbivore also tends to have more taste buds so it can detect dangerous chemicals in plants. Touch & Feel You use your sense of touch to make your bed, eat a snack, write a note, and cuddle an animal. You might also use this sense to avoid danger, such as a hot stove. Most animals have developed a sense of touch for the same reasons. Their sense of touch allows them to build a home, find food, communicate, and stay safe. Animals have developed a variety of touch organs to help them survive. Walruses hunt for food by rubbing their heads in the mud. They use the whiskers around their mouths to feel for food. They can easily detect something, such as a crab or a clam, that has the right shape and texture for eating. Then, they dig in for lunch! A giant anteater can barely see. But it does have a super-nose for finding insects. When its extra-long tongue goes to work, it can extend deep inside an ant next. The sticky saliva acts like glue. The giant anteater’s tongue can slurp up 25,000 insects a day! An animal’s sense of touch can keep it safe and sound. Many kinds of fish swim in groups for safety. They move together like dancers. To do this, they use their lateral line system. A fish has one lateral line on each side of its body. It includes receptors that sense pressure. When a neighbor fish moves, the others can sense it in a split second. They move with it. Moving together, the fish find safety in numbers. Star-nosed moles are nearly blind. So, they have evolved an incredible sense of touch. These moles have 22 soft tentacles surrounding their noses. These tentacles carry 25,000 touch sensors. The sensors are more sensitive than human fingers! Moles use these sensors to find their way through the dark. They hunt for food this way, too. They also use this super-sense to avoid going out into the open where they might be attacked by predators. Other animals rely on being untouchable. Porcupines sport prickly spines to keep enemies away. Bees and wasps use their sharp stingers to ward off enemies. Power of Information Every animal, from a tiny ant to a gigantic whale, needs to receive and process information about the world. While many animals have the same five senses as people, some have developed additional senses that are hard for us to imagine. Sights, sounds, smells, tastes, electrical pulses, and more all provide animals with information. And the brain lies at the center of it all, taking in sensory details and telling the body how to respond. The way each animal receives information and uses it may differ. That’s because the world looks, sounds, tastes, and feels different to every living thing. But every creature uses its senses to make sense of the world! Other Other Change Change © Teacher Created Materials Created Teacher © ______

Date: Other Change Change Large Slit Large Sight Hearing Change Change My Senses My Senses Small Slit Reversed Cone Reversed Draw each type of ear or eye you create. Record the change in hearing Record the change in hearing you create. or eye each type of ear Draw Cone ______SCIENCE Change Change 21692—Content and Literacy in Science Grade 4 Grade Science in Literacy and 21692—Content LIFE LIFE Paper on Sides Paper Directions: notice. or sight that you Name: 66

Life

Life Life ÿ Name: ______Date: ______

GENIUSCHALLENGE

STRUCTURES OF LIVING THINGS

1. True or false: all structures are made by humans. ______2. Sort these into the correct category: skin, heart, eyes, lungs, brain, claws Internal Structures External Structures

3. What is the function of the water monitor lizard’s claws?

______4. What is a disadvantage of having an exoskeleton?

______5. Fill in the blanks using the words small and large.

Very ______seeds might allow them to be carried by the wind easier, while very ______seeds provide the plant with additional nutrients to grow. 6. What type of animal has a structure that inspired humans to make glow sticks?

______7. What function might butterfly wings that look like leaves have?

______8. What is the function of the horn structures that some male beetles have on their heads?

______9. Name one structure that the whip spider has and mention its function.

______10. Explain one function of the tiny, needle-like leaves of a pine tree.

______

Plants have taken root in almost every kind of habitat on Earth. They grow down low, in ponds and marshes. They grow up high, along mountain ridges. Plants even grow in harsh habitats, such as burning deserts and freezing tundra. Plants have adaptations that help them survive in their environment. The way they look and grow helps them survive. Plants take many forms, from towering trees to tiny bits of green. The following plants have taken adaptation to extremes.

The Biggest Bloomer! The rafflesia is a rare jungle plant found in Southeast Asia. The rafflesia produces just one flower, but it’s a The rafflesia’s bloom is the whopper. This flower grows up to 3 feet across and largest in the world. weights up to 15 pounds. The bloom actually smells awful – just like rotting meat! The stench attracts flies that feed on dead animals. The flies pick up pollen as they crawl on the flower. Then they buzz to another stinky bloom, they spread the pollen to another plant. Pollen must be transferred between plants for the plants to reproduce.

A Turbo Grower! Bamboo thrives in the warm, wet climates of East and Southeast Asia. Some species of bamboo may be the fastest-growing plants on Earth.

Bamboos are grasses, but they look more like trees because of their woody stem and leafy branches. And, like trees, some grow very tall. A few species of bamboo reach 130 feet or more. Unlike trees, however, bamboo can grow A bamboo forest near Kyoto, Japan at incredible speeds in the right environment. The speediest ones may sprout up 2 feet in one day. That’s 1 inch per hour. Imagine if the grass in people’s lawns grew that fast!

A Green Giant! The giant sequoia truly lives up to its name. This tree is more massive, or has more bulk, than any other plant species on Earth. That earns the title of biggest plant. The giant sequoia’s trunk accounts for most of its mass. The trunk on a full-grown tree typically measures more than 20 feet across. Giant sequoias are tall, too. They often stand about 250 feet tall. A few tower more than 305 feet. That’s taller than the Statue of Liberty!

Giant sequoias can live a very long time. Many have survived more than 3,000 years. What adaptations help giant sequoias live so long? Their bark is resistant to disease. Also, giant sequoias can grow new bark quickly to cover burns caused by forest fires. When a fully grown giant sequoia dies, it’s typically because the tree fell over after the soil became unstable.

The most massive giant sequoia is named the General Sherman Tree. This tree stands about 275 feet tall and weighs 12 million pounds. Its trunk measures 35 feet across! If the General Sherman were cut for lumber, it would supply enough wood to build 40 houses. Luckily the General Sherman is protected by laws that make it illegal to cut down giant sequoias.

Blast from the Past! The creosote bush grows in the deserts of North America. It’s a super survivor. In fact, creosote bushes are among the longest- living plants on Earth. A creosote bush appears as a ring of bushes growing around an empty center. Each bush in the ring actually comes from the same parent plant, which once grew inside the circle. And each bush is an exact copy of that parent plant. This is the secret to the creosote bush’s long life.

A single creosote bush can live 200 years. During that time, the bush sends out shoots in all directions. Each To see the giant sequoias, you shoot grows into a new, identical bush. That bush, in turn, have to visit the Sierra Nevada produces new copies of itself. Over time, the original in eastern California. plant dies, leaving an ever expanding ring of “daughter” plants behind. The parent plant “lives on” because it has made exact copies of itself. In this way, some creosote bushes have stuck around for thousands of years. The oldest known creosote is King Clone. It forms a ring about 45 feet across. Scientists think King Clone first sprouted from a seed 13,700 years ago!

A Microgreen! Watermeal is the world’s smallest flowering plant species. Imagine holding a small grain of sand in your palm – that’s how little a watermeal is. Lacking roots and stems, its tiny size and rounded form are adaptations that help it float in large numbers on lakes, ponds, marshes, and streams. One watermeal plant is less than a millimeter long and weights about as much as a few grains of salt. A dozen of the plant’s blooms could fit on the head of a pin!

A person’s fingers show how tiny watermeal plants are. A Leaf Beyond Belief! Do you think only frogs can float on lily pads? Think again! A giant Amazon water lily is so large it can support the weight of people without sinking. Its leaves stretch 8 feet across. This plant’s adaptations help keep it afloat. The weight of its wide, flat leaves is spread out, causing the leaves to float. Air-filled veins also help make the leaves buoyant. Spines cover the underside of each leaf to protect it from hungry fish. Notches along the edges help extra water drain off, so the leaf doesn’t fill and sink.

A giant Amazon water lily can easily support 50 pounds.

Boudart, J. (2013). Extreme Plants - National Geographic Learning, Cengage Learning. Menasah, WI: RR Donnelley It was a typical night in New Mexico-= cool, arid air and stars shining bright in the sky. Only one thing made this night different from the others. A meeting was going on and all the desert creatures were there. TheBlack Widow was the first to speak. "11he desert can be a scaryplace so it is essential that we are all able to defendourselves. I can spin a sticky web. If I'm disturbed, I can rush forward and inject poisonous venom into the disturber. I can even suck out the liquid contents of my victim's body. What can the rest of you do to defend yourselves?" The rest of the desert creatures thought about what they each could do to defend themselves. "Everyone's afraid of monsters!" stated Gila Monster proudly. "Instead of basking in the sun, ['11 sneak up on an intruder. Then, with one deadly bite, they'll be done for." Fire Ant spoke up next. "When attacked, I call in my army of ants. With little warning, we swarm the intruders, and then we bite them and sting them! We might be little, but we are mightyaggressive!" Then Rattlesnake spoke up, although he really preferred to keep to himself. He shared that, when threatened, he slithers up and sinks his sharp fangs into intruders that come too close.

Polar Bear Experiment

Question: How do polar bears stay warm? Hypothesis: Tell me what part of the polar bear is most important to keep them warm.

______.

Materials: ● Bowl of cold water with ice

● Lard, (shortening used for baking) or silly puddy, play dough,

something thicker and moldable to your finger (a parent may

be able to help you find something inside the house that can

work for this)

● Timer- use a phone or a stopwatch

● Your pointer finger

Procedure:

Step 1: Get a medium sized bowl and fill it with ice and cold water.

Step 2: Put your pointer finger inside the ice water. Time yourself to see how long you can keep your pointer finger in the cold water.

● How long did you keep your finger in the cold ice water?

______

Step 3: Next, put some lard (or something else you decided with a parent) around your pointer finger.

Step 4: Place your finger inside the ice water. Start the timer and see how long it can stay in the ice water.

● How long did you keep your finger with the lard in the cold ice

water? ______

Data:

Record your results.

Trial 1: Time with just finger in Trial 2: Time with lard protecting

water your finger in the cold water

Conclusion:

Explain your data. Were you able to keep your finger in the water longer with something protecting it? Why or why not?

______.

Did you feel a difference in temperature on your finger during the

2 trials ?

______.

How does this experiment relate to a polar bear?

______.

Physical Education Minute To Win It

Directions: For this activity you need to set a timer on your phone for 1 Minute. Record your first score in the line next to the activity you did. Later on, try to beat your score. If you beat your score write down that score.

1. # of Pushups in 1 minute ______

2. # of Situps in 1 Minute ______

3. # of Jumping Jacks in 1 Minute ______

4. # of Laps ran around your Backyard in 1 Minute ______

5. # of Hops on your Left Foot in 1 Minute ______

6. # of Hops on your Right Foot in 1 Minute ______

7. # of Burpees in 1 Minute ______

8. # of High Knees in 1 Minute ______

9. # of Squats in 1 Minute ______

10. # of Lunges in 1 Minute ______Suggested Social Emotional Learning Activities for:

Week of: 5/11 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Fourth and Fifth Grade Lesson 13: Lesson 13: Lesson 13: Lesson 13: Lesson 13: Managing Anxiety Managing Anxiety Managing Anxiety Managing Anxiety Managing Anxiety Review the Complete the home Practice belly Have your child Have your child vocabulary and link. breathing. come up with write an answer to watch the video. different ways of this question: When https://bit.ly/SSGrad counting to calm this week did you e4Lesson13 down, such as need to manage backward from 10, your anxiety? Which counting by twos, Ways to Calm Down and so on. did you find most useful?

Actividades de aprendizaje social y emocional sugeridas para:

Semana de: 5 / 11 lunes martes miércoles jueves viernes

cuarto y quinto grado Lección 13: Manejo Lección 13: Manejo Lección 13: Manejo Lección 13: Manejo Lección 13: Manejo de la ansiedad de la ansiedad de la ansiedad de la ansiedad de la ansiedad Repase el Complete el enlace Practique la Haga que su hijo Haga que su hijo vocabulario y mire el de inicio. respiración invente diferentes escriba una video. abdominal. formas de contar respuesta a esta https://bit.ly/SSGrad para calmarse, como pregunta: ¿Cuándo e4Lesson13 retroceder desde 10, esta semana contar de a dos, etc. necesitaba controlar su ansiedad? ¿Qué formas de calmarte encontraste más útil?

4/8/2020 Heart Murmurs (for Kids) — Print Version - Nemours KidsHealth KidsHealth.org

The most-visited site devoted to children's health and development

Heart Murmurs

What Is a Heart Murmur? You know the sound of your heartbeat: lub-dub, lub-dub. In some people, the blood makes an extra noise as it flows through the heart. This sound is called a murmur (say: MER-mer).

Doctors hear a heart murmur as a whooshing sound between heartbeats. The whoosh is just an extra noise that the blood makes as it flows through the heart. Doctors usually discover murmurs during regular checkups or when kids see the doctor because they're sick.

Just like kids, murmurs have grades. Grade 1 is the softest-sounding murmur, and Grade 6 is the loudest. A murmur graded 4, 5, or 6 is so loud you can actually feel a rumbling from it under the skin if you put your hand on the person's chest.

Most murmurs don't mean anything is wrong. But sometimes they are a sign of a problem with the heart.

Who Gets Heart Murmurs? More than half of all kids have a heart murmur at some time in their lives and most heart murmurs don't mean anything is wrong. Doctors may call these "innocent," "functional," or "normal" murmurs. They are caused by blood rushing through the valves in a normal heart and are nothing to worry about.

One common type of normal murmur is Still's murmur, named for the doctor who first described it. This murmur is most often heard in healthy kids 3 to 7 years old.

A normal murmur can get louder when the blood flows faster through the heart, like when kids have a fever or run around. That's because an increase in body temperature or activity makes the heart pump more blood. When your temperature goes down, the murmur may get quieter or even disappear.

It can be easier to hear heart murmurs in kids because they have less fat, muscle, and bone between the murmur and the doctor's stethoscope. Many normal murmurs become harder to hear as children grow older, and some eventually disappear.

What Problems Can Happen? Even though most murmurs do not mean anything is wrong, sometimes a heart problem can cause a murmur. The heart may have a hole in it, a heart valve may leak, or a valve may not open all the way.

If your doctor thinks your heart murmur could be due to a heart problem, you will need to see a pediatric cardiologist (say: pee-dee-AT-rik car-dee-OL-uh-jist). This kind of doctor knows a lot about children's hearts.

What Do Doctors Do? A pediatric cardiologist will ask questions to see if you've ever been short of breath, had chest pain, felt dizzy, or fainted. The doctor also will listen to your heart with a stethoscope, check your pulse, and listen to your lungs.

Sometimes the doctor might want you to get a chest X-ray to see if the heart looks bigger than normal. You also might get an electrocardiogram (EKG), which measures electrical activity of the heart. None of these tests hurt.

Another test the cardiologist might do is an echocardiogram. This test uses sound waves to make a picture of the heart as blood is pumped through its chambers and valves. It takes about 20 minutes and it doesn't hurt either.

The doctor will take the information from the tests and exam and determine if your murmur is likely to cause a problem for you. A kid with a heart murmur might need to be careful about getting infections that could travel to the heart. To prevent this, your doctor will remind you to take extra good care of your teeth by brushing twice a day, learning to floss, and going to the dentist regularly for check-ups. Some kids may need to take an antibiotic before going to the dentist for teeth cleaning.

https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/heart-murmurs.html?view=ptr&WT.ac=k-ptr 1/2 4/8/2020 Heart Murmurs (for Kids) — Print Version - Nemours KidsHealth The doctor also may prescribe medicine to help the heart squeeze harder, prevent blood clots (bits of thick blood that can block blood vessels), remove extra fluid from the body, or lower your blood pressure.

In some cases, surgery is necessary. Depending on the problem, doctors can patch a hole in the heart, fix a valve, rebuild a blood vessel, or stretch open a blood vessel that's too narrow.

But most of the time, a heart murmur isn't a big problem. And most kids with heart murmurs can run, jump, and play just like everybody else. A heart murmur is simply a sound. It's not always the sign of a heart problem. Usually, it's just your heart whistling while it works.

Reviewed by: Steven B. Ritz, MD, MSEd Date reviewed: January 2017

Note: All information on KidsHealth® is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.

Images provided by The Nemours Foundation, iStock, Getty Images, Veer, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com.

https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/heart-murmurs.html?view=ptr&WT.ac=k-ptr 2/2 4/8/2020 Word Search: Heart & Circulatory System (for Kids) - Nemours KidsHealth

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