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Hunter S. Thompson and the Sixties

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Hunter S. Thompson and the Sixties Ghent University Faculty of Arts and Philosophy 2009-2010 Hunter S. Thompson and the Sixties Fear and Loathing in Retrospect Supervisor: May 2010 Paper submitted in partial Prof. Dr. Ilka Saal fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of “Master in de Vergelijkende Moderne Letterkunde” By Catherine Kosters 2 3 Foreword There are many people I would to thank for their help in the realization of this dissertation. First and foremost, I am thankful to my supervisor, Prof. Dr. Ilka Saal, without whom I never would have succeeded. Her confidence, support, academic guidance, and useful commentary and suggestions have contributed greatly to my work. Furthermore, special thanks to her are in order for tending a light in the occasional darkness of Jamesonian thought. I am extremely grateful to Dries De Herdt, for his loving encouragement, structural remarks and knowledge of politics. My mother, Rose-Marie Vleugels, I would like to thank for her interest and revisions. I further appreciate the support I received from all my friends and family. I am thankful in particular to Nele Augustyns, Inneke Baatsen, and Lien Smets for the efforts they put in borrowing books for me from various libraries; and to Kerry Oxlade, who introduced me to the author who has become the main subject of my thesis. Finally, I am infinitely obliged to the late great HST. “No sympathy for the devil; keep that in mind. Buy the ticket, take the ride.” 4 Table of Contents Foreword................................................................................................................3 Table of Contents....................................................................................................4 1. Introduction........................................................................................................6 2. The Sixties: A Time of Revolutio.n....................................................................12 2.1. Chapter Outline....................................................................................................12 2.2. Winds of Change...................................................................................................13 2.2.1. A symbol of meteoric proportions.............................................................................13 2.2.2. Politics in the sixties: The times they were a-changing.............................................14 2.2.2.1. The rise and fall of activism..............................................................................................15 2.2.2.2. Presidents of the United States of Love...........................................................................20 a. JFK’s Camelot presidency....................................................................................................20 b. “LBJ, how many kids did you kill today?”..............................................................................23 c. Tricky Dick and the silent majority.........................................................................................25 2.2.3. Sixties counterculture: The Children of the Revolution.............................................29 2.2.3.1. A multitude of movements................................................................................................31 2.2.3.2. From the Summer of Love to the Days of Rage...............................................................35 3. HST: The Man and the Myth...............................................................................40 3.1. Chapter Outline....................................................................................................40 3.2. A Portrait of the Gonzo Journalist as a Young Man............................................42 3.3. A New Journalism.................................................................................................45 3.4. “When the going gets weird, the weird turn pro”..............................................47 3.5. The Birth of Gonzo Journalism............................................................................49 3.6. The Era of Fear and Loathing...............................................................................52 5 3.7. The Freak Kingdom..............................................................................................57 3.8. “The weird never die”..........................................................................................62 4. Hunter S. Thompson and the 1960s...............................................................65 4.1. Chapter Outline....................................................................................................65 4.2. Periodizing the Sixties..........................................................................................66 4.2.1. Demarcating a decade.............................................................................................66 4.2.2. To periodize or not to periodize................................................................................67 4.2.3. New beginnings and ends........................................................................................69 4.2.4. Fear and loathing in periodization............................................................................73 4.2.5. The 60s periodized...................................................................................................77 4.3. The Sixties in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: The Wave...................................78 4.3.1. The corruption of the American Dream ....................................................................79 4.3.2. A transformation of the American Jeremiad .............................................................84 4.4. The Sixties in Gonzo Journalism .........................................................................87 4.4.1. “The Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved”...................................................88 4.4.2. “Fear and Loathing in the Bunker”............................................................................91 4.4.3. “I Knew the Bride When She Used to Rock and Roll”...............................................94 5. Conclusion........................................................................................................97 Bibliography.......................................................................................................101 6 1. Introduction In 1969, the decade known as the sixties ended. This historical assertion does not only derive its legitimacy from the numerological change from 6 to 7 that occurred at the turning of the year. More important was a series of significant events that stood in such contrast with the so-called spirit of the 1960s that they are said to have marked the decay of the era and the demise of its generation. The inauguration of right-wing president Richard Milhaus Nixon; the struggle between neighborhood activists and the authorities over the communal area of People’s Park; and the death of an eighteen- year-old student during the Altamont Speedway Free Festival; all headlined the front pages of American newspapers during the eventful year. Although incidents such as these were not connected in any direct way, they seemed to form a destructive chain that smothered the aura of hope that had enveloped America for nearly ten years. One “academic” who has subscribed to such a fatalistic view of the years surrounding the turn of the decade is “Doctor of Journalism” Hunter Stockton Thompson. The Good Doctor, as he preferred to be called, linked certain unfortunate events as if they were a dividing line between the glorious sixties and the dark times that were to follow. In his most famous work, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, he describes the brusque and chilling change as follows: “KILL THE BODY AND THE HEAD WILL DIE” This line appears in my notebook, for some reason. Perhaps some connection with Joe Frazier. Is he still alive? Still able to talk? I watched that fight in Seattle—horribly twisted about four seats down the aisle from 7 the Governor. A very painful experience in every way, a proper end to the sixties: Tim Leary a prisoner of Eldridge Cleaver in Algeria, Bob Dylan clipping coupons in Greenwich Village, both Kennedys murdered by mutants, Owsley folding napkins on Terminal Island, and finally Cassius/Ali belted incredibly off his pedestal by a human hamburger, a man on the verge of death. Joe Frazier, like Nixon, had finally prevailed for reasons that people like me refused to understand – at least not out loud. (Thompson, Fear and Loathing 22-23) Dr. Thompson’s self-appointed academic title is telling as he belonged to the first wave of the so-called New Journalism, a journalistic style developed by reporters who sought to elevate their trade to a higher status, preferably one equal to that of the novel. In order to succeed, the New Journalists adopted the subjectivity of fiction writers, amongst other techniques. Thompson, however, preferred the term “Gonzo journalist” to “New Journalist” and, in appropriating the former epitaph, cradled the often imitated, but seldom equaled literary style that is Gonzo journalism. Thompson gradually developed this legendary blend of fact and fiction throughout the 1960s. Early traces of it can be found in the 1966 bestseller Hell’s Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga of the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs and the 1970 article on the Kentucky Derby entitled The Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved, which reads more like a short story than a sports report. With Gonzo, a genre inextricably connected to
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