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! ! "#$%!&'()*+*(,*!-./*+0.12! 3'+!! 456+27.89!-.8!:/5!;!3+07.89!-.8!$#/5! ! "#$%&'(')! <'6=1.2!&'6(/8!&+'22'>*+!?'6/5! @+.,/0,*!-'7*1!A&?@-B! ! 30=5/0(=!3'+!&5.(=*! -'/0>./0'(.1!C(/*+>0*D0(=! ! CEF!G*+*!/'!G*1H9!4+62/!-*! -'/0>./0'(.1!C(/*+>0*D0(=! C()0(0/*!I0=5/!! G.(7'6/2!$!J!"! ! KLMCL!N''O! P*=021./0>*!@.(*1!G.(7'6/2! ! &'()*+*(,*!@.+/0,0H.(/!P02/! ! DOUGLAS COUNTY CROSSOVER YOUTH PRACTICE MODEL (CYPM) May 9, 2013 Nebraska Juvenile Justice Association Conference TODAY’S PRESENTATION 2 !! Juvenile Maltreatment and Delinquency !! Defining Crossover Youth !! Crossover Youth Practice Model (CYPM) !! Douglas County CYPM Structure and Implementation !! CYPM Data Snapshot Juvenile Maltreatment and Delinquency PATHWAYS TO DELINQUENCY 4 !! The average age at which juveniles took their first step toward delinquent behavior was approximately 7. !! Moderately serious behavior began at about age 9.5. !! Serious delinquency began at age 12. !! The average age at which youth first came in contact with the juvenile court was 14.5. This means that there is a seven year window of opportunity to intervene and interrupt their pathway to delinquency. CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT AS A RISK FACTOR FOR DELINQUENCY 5 !! Increased likelihood of arrest as a juvenile by 55% and for a violent crime as a juvenile by 96% !! Increased likelihood of arrest as an adult by 28% and for a violent crime as an adult by 30% !! Increased the odds of future delinquency and adult criminality overall by 29% 5 Source: Widom, Tuell, & Wiig, 2003; Update on the Cycle of Violence, 2001. Defining Crossover Youth CROSSOVER YOUTH: DEFINITIONS 7 WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT CROSSOVER YOUTH !! They are often in the child welfare system for long periods of time. !! They are more likely to be female as compared to the general delinquency population. !! Minorities, particularly African Americans, appear to be over represented. !! Most are placed out of the home and often experience multiple placements. !! They are often truant and/or performing poorly in school. !! Over half are detained prior to adjudication. !! Herz & Ryan, 2008b; Halemba, Siegel, Lord, & Zawacki, 2004; Kelley, Thornberry, & Smith, 1997; Saeturn & Swain, 2009 CROSSOVER YOUTH PATHWAYS 9 Pathway 1: Open CW case with subsequent delinquency referral or arrest Child Welfare ! Juvenile Justice Pathway 2: Previous but not current CW case at time of new delinquency referral or arrest Pathway 3: Upon JJ investigation after delinquency occurs, maltreatment discovered ! referral to CW Juvenile Justice Pathway 4: Term of correctional ! Child Welfare placement ends, but no home/safe home to return to ! referral to CW PREVALENCE 10 !! Studies estimate that between 9 and 29% of child welfare involved youth have contact with the juvenile justice system !! Most maltreated youth do not have official records and do not self report delinquency. !! Higher proportion of crossover youth as penetration in the juvenile justice system deepens: 42% 7% Placement Probation Cases 1% Cases Diversion Cases Sources: Smith, Thornberry, Ireland, & Elwyn, 2008; Johnson, Ereth, & Wagner, 2004; Dennison & Waterson, 2002; Halemba 2004. CHARACTERISTICS: MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROBLEMS 11 Source: Herz, Denise. A Review of the Research and Issues Related to Crossover Youth. June 2009. EXPERIENCES IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM 12 Pre- Adjudication Charging Disposition System personnel Less likely to receive Inconsistent perceive Dually- probation supervision identification; More Involved Youth as and more likely to likely to be detained higher risk; Less likely receive placement in to receive diversion a group home setting ! ! ! Higher proportion of crossover youth ! ! ! Sources: Conger & Ross, 2010; Morris & Freundlich, 2004; Ryan, Herz, Hernandez, & Marshall, 2007; Halemba, et al., 2004. LONG TERM OUTCOMES 13 •! Higher rates of substance abuse and mental illness •! Higher recidivism rates •! Higher rates of criminal involvement as adults •! Higher rates of child welfare involvement as parents/perpetrators of maltreatment CROSSOVER YOUTH PRACTICE MODEL PRACTICE AREAS 15 Practice Area 1: Arrest, Identification, and Detention Practice Area 2: Decision-making Regarding Charges Practice Area 3: Case Assignment, Assessment, and Planning Practice Area 4: Coordinated Case Supervision and Ongoing Assessment Practice Area 5: Planning for Youth Permanency, Transition, and Case Closure CYPM PHASES OF IMPLEMENTATION 16 PHASE I PHASE II PHASE III Practice Practice Practice Areas 1 & 2 Area 3 Areas 4 & 5 CYPM GOALS 17 Overarching Goals •! Reduction in: •! Number of youth placed in out-of-home care •! Use of congregate care •! Disproportionate representation of children of color •! Number of youth crossing over and becoming dually involved CYPM GOALS 18 Practice Goals Process Goals •! Reduction of use of pre- •! Increase use of adjudication detention interagency information- •! Increase use of diversion sharing •! Reduction of number of •! Increase use of “joint” youth reentering child assessment welfare from juvenile •! Increase inclusion of justice placements youth and family voice in •! Improvement in pro- decision-making social bonds •! Reduction in recidivism Crossover Youth Practice Model sites Ohio •! Cuyahoga Co. •! Franklin Co. •! Hamilton Co. •! Lucas Co. •! Mahoning Co. •! Montgomery Co. •! Stark Co. •! Summit Co. Oregon •! Marion Co. •! Multnomah Co. Pennsylvania •! Philadelphia Arizona South Carolina •! Maricopa Co. •! Berkley Co. California •! Charleston Co. •! Alameda Co. •! Georgetown Co. •! Los Angeles Co. Texas •! San Diego Co. •! Bexar Co. Colorado Florida •! Dallas Co. •! Broomfield Co •! Bartow •! El Paso Co. •! Denver Co. •! Duval Co. •! McLennan Co. Minnesota Nebraska •! Douglas Co. •! Ft. Lauderdale •! Tarrant Co. •! El Paso Co. •! Carver Co. •! Douglas Co. •! Miami-Dade •! Travis Co. •! Jefferson Co. • Hennepin Co. Nevada •! Volusia Co. ! Washington •! Larimer Co. •! Kandiyohi Co. ! Washoe Co. Iowa • •! King Co. •! Morgan Co. •! Woodbury Co. •! Olmsted Co. New York •! San Luis Valley Maryland •! Stearns Co. •! Monroe Co. Wyoming •! Prince George’s Co. Missouri •! Bronx Michigan •! County TBD •! County TBD •! County TBD CYPM INTERIM DATA FINDINGS June 2012 20 CYPM Treatment Youth N % Open Child Welfare Case with Subsequent Delinquency 786 82 Delinquency with previous but not current child welfare case 102 11 Delinquency with no current or previous child welfare case 68 7 Total CYPM Youth 957 Pre-CYPM Youth N % Open Child Welfare Case with Subsequent Delinquency 196 88 Delinquency with previous but not current child welfare case 17 8 Delinquency with no current or previous child welfare case 9 4 Total Pre-CYPM Youth 222 Total N=1,179 IMPROVEMENTS AS A RESULT OF THE CYPM – June 2012 !! ! of CYPM youth were identified at arrest or as a result of a warrant. The majority of the remaining youth were identified at charging, which was a focal point for two CYPM sites. !! CYPM Youth were most likely to receive some type of interagency meeting or handling in a one judge/one family court. The use of a specialized supervision unit drastically increased in the last nine months of implementation. !! Only " of CYPM youth were detained and this remained consistent over time (30% decrease in the use). !! Placement related offenses decreased in the last nine months. IMPROVEMENTS AS A RESULT OF THE CYPM, cont. – June 2012 22 !! CYPM youth were more likely to receive a diversionary option, probation supervision, or have their case dismissed or no action taken by the juvenile justice system. !! CYPM delinquent youth were more likely to have remain at home (37%) as a permanency goal followed by reunification (26%) and PPLA (23%). !! 43% of Pre-CYPM youth had a new arrest within 6 months of being identified, while only 32% of CYPM Youth had a new arrest within that same time period. !! 31% of Pre-CYPM youth had a sustained petition at 6 months after arrest/referral, while only 15% of CYPM had a sustained petition after they were identified as dually-involved. DOUGLAS COUNTY CYPM HOW IT BEGAN !! January 2012 !! Agreement between Nebraska Supreme Court, Department of Health and Human Services and Douglas County !! Crossover Youth Practice Model is situated within the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative to create efficiency utilize existing resources and infrastructure to move the work of the initiative !! Co-Chaired by Juvenile Court Judge Doug Johnson and Nick Juliano PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP !! Boys Town, Douglas County Juvenile County Attorney, Douglas County Juvenile Probation, Juvenile Assessment Center, NDHHS, NFC, Nebraska Family Support Network, Project Harmony !! Many other collaborating organizations !! Utilizes MOU and 1184 Sub-Protocol !! Resource Sharing !! Guided by Steering Committee and CYPM Subcommittee CYPM Goals in Douglas County: !! Reduce the “crossover” !! Reduce recidivism !! Reduce out of home placement and group/ congregate care !! Reduce entry into detention !! Reduce disproportionate representation of youth of color, particularly dually involved youth Douglas County CYPM Target Population A youth; 1.) Referred to the County Attorney’s office for a delinquency, truancy, or status offense AND 2.) Has a Child Welfare case as the victim that is open or closed, within the last 12 months. The case can be voluntary or court involved. 60% of referrals received by the Juvenile County Attorney’s office in May 2012 were for law enforcement contact Types of Referral n=569 250 224 200 163 150 138 100 50 29 6 7 1 1 0 Intake Juv. Intake
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